1
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Bekar P, Altuntaş D, Efe E. Home experiences of parents of children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A qualitative study. J Pediatr Nurs 2023; 73:e541-e548. [PMID: 37923613 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to describe the home experiences of parents of children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. DESIGN AND METHODS This study was conducted using a descriptive qualitative research design. The study sample consisted of 12 parents with a child treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) at a university hospital in Turkey. Semi-structured individual interviews and researcher observations were used for data collection. The interview transcripts of the study were analyzed using content analysis. RESULTS Five main themes were obtained, each of which had associated sub-themes: difficulties faced in home experiences, changes in family life, feelings about home experiences, parents' ways of coping with difficulties, and parents' suggestions. CONCLUSIONS Parents faced various difficulties in their own home experiences, and they felt fear, anxiety and stress during this period. Following the child's HSCT, there were changes in health, physical, psychological and social aspects of family life. Some parents used distraction techniques, and the support of their spouses and health professionals to cope with difficulties. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS For pediatric nurses to comprehensively assess and support the home care needs of the child and parents, they should understand the difficulties parents face in home experiences, as well as their feelings, changes in their lives, suggestions regarding home experiences, and ways of coping. Regular health screening and psychosocial support can be provided for parents of children after HSCT, and regular training can be given for parents' management of care-related problems and increasing their self-efficacy for this management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Bekar
- Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Bucak School of Health, Department of Child Development, Bucak/Burdur, Turkey.
| | - Duygu Altuntaş
- Akdeniz University, Nursing Faculty, Department of Child Health Nursing, 07058, Campus, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Emine Efe
- Akdeniz University, Nursing Faculty, Department of Child Health Nursing, 07058, Campus, Antalya, Turkey.
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2
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Bilek EL, Meyer AE, Tomlinson R, Chen C. Pilot Study of Self-Distancing Augmentation to Exposure Therapy for Youth Anxiety. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023:10.1007/s10578-023-01540-x. [PMID: 37231323 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01540-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This pilot examines a self-distancing augmentation to exposure. Nine youth with anxiety (ages 11-17; 67% female) completed treatment. The study employed a brief (eight session) crossover ABA/BAB design. Exposure difficulty, engagement with exposure, and treatment acceptability were examined as primary outcome variables. Visual inspection of plots indicated that youth completed more difficult exposures during augmented exposure sessions [EXSD] than classic exposure sessions [EX] by therapist- and youth-report and that therapists reported higher youth engagement during EXSD than EX sessions. There were no significant differences between EXSD and EX on exposure difficulty or engagement by therapist- or youth-report. Treatment acceptability was high, although some youth reported that self-distancing was "awkward". Self-distancing may be associated with increased exposure engagement and willingness to complete more difficult exposures, which has been linked to treatment outcomes. Future research is needed to further demonstrate this link, and link self-distancing to outcomes directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Bilek
- Department of Psychiatry, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Rd., SPC 5765, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Allison E Meyer
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rachel Tomlinson
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carol Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Rd., SPC 5765, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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3
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Guo L. Reflect on emotional events from an observer's perspective: a meta-analysis of experimental studies. Cogn Emot 2022; 36:1531-1554. [PMID: 36256910 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2022.2134094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Self-distancing has been proposed as an emotion regulation strategy to reduce the duration and intensity of emotions. This meta-analysis synthesised 48 studies and 102 effect sizes examining the effects of self-distancing on emotion regulation. The results showed an overall significant, small effect of self-distancing in attenuating emotional responses (Hedges' g = -0.26, 95%CI: [-0.36, -0.15]). Moderator analyses highlighted the efficacy of one intervention feature: approach. Stronger effect was associated with the visual and verbal approach to process emotional events, in comparison to the visual only approach and the pronouns approach. The effectiveness of self-distancing was consistent across other intervention features (context, stimuli, time, emotional outcome) and individual characteristics (emotional vulnerability, age, culture). These findings suggest that self-distancing is effective in emotion regulation when people externalise and articulate thoughts through writing and talking. Practical implications were discussed in relation to the design of interventions to enhance emotional well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Guo
- Languages, Literatures and Linguistics Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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4
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Murdoch EM, Chapman MT, Crane M, Gucciardi DF. The effectiveness of self-distanced versus self-immersed reflections among adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental studies. Stress Health 2022; 39:255-271. [PMID: 36166459 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Stressor events can be highly emotional and disruptive to our functioning, yet they also present opportunities for learning and growth via self-reflections. Self-distanced reflections in which one reasons about target events in ways that maximise their removal of the current self from the experiential reality are said to facilitate this reflective process. We tested the expectation that self-distanced reflections offer an advantage over self-immersed vistas via a pre-registered systematic review of seven electronic databases (Scopus, Medline, Web of Science, PsycInfo, CINAHL Plus, Embase, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global) to identify experimental tests with adults aged 18-65 years where the focus of the reflection was a stressor or adverse event that participants had already experienced. A three-level, random effects meta-analysis of 25 experiments (N = 2,397, 68 effects) revealed a small-to-moderate advantage of self-distanced reflections (g = 0.19, SE = 0.07, 95% CI [0.05, 0.33]) and were most effective when they targeted a stressor experience that emphasised one's emotional state or lifetime. Nevertheless, our assessment of the overall quality of evidence including risk of bias suggested uncertainty regarding the benefit of this pragmatic self-regulatory tactic and therefore the need for future high-powered, high-quality experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Murdoch
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Western Australian Institute of Sport, Claremont, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael T Chapman
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Monique Crane
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel F Gucciardi
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Curtin enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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5
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Bennett MP, Knight R, Patel S, So T, Dunning D, Barnhofer T, Smith P, Kuyken W, Ford T, Dalgleish T. Decentering as a core component in the psychological treatment and prevention of youth anxiety and depression: a narrative review and insight report. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:288. [PMID: 33990541 PMCID: PMC8121888 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01397-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Decentering is a ubiquitous therapeutic concept featuring in multiple schools of psychological intervention and science. It describes an ability to notice to day-to-day psychological stressors (negative thoughts, feelings, and memories) from an objective self-perspective and without perseverating on the themes they represent. Thus, decentering dampens the impact and distress associated with psychological stressors that can otherwise increase mental ill health in vulnerable individuals. Importantly, the strengthening of decentering-related abilities has been flagged as a core component of psychological interventions that treat and prevent anxiety and depression. We provide an in-depth review evidence of the salutary effects of decentering with a special focus on youth mental health. This is because adolescence is a critical window for the development of psychopathology but is often under-represented in this research line. A narrative synthesis is presented that integrates and summarizes findings on a range of decentering-related abilities. Section 1 reviews extant conceptualizations of decentering and data-driven approaches to characterize its characteristic. A novel definition is then offered to guide future empirical research. Section 2 overviews laboratory-based research into the development of decentering as well as its relationship with anxiety and depression. Section 3 examines the role decentering-related skills play in psychological interventions for anxiety and depression. Critically, we review evidence that treatment-related increases in decentering predict latter reductions in anxiety and depression severity. Each section highlights important areas for future research. The report concludes by addressing the vital questions of whether, how, why and when decentering alleviates youth anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc P Bennett
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Rachel Knight
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shivam Patel
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tierney So
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Darren Dunning
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Patrick Smith
- Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Willem Kuyken
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tamsin Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tim Dalgleish
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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6
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Harper FWK, Albrecht TL, Trentacosta CJ, Taub JW, Phipps S, Penner LA. Understanding differences in the long-term psychosocial adjustment of pediatric cancer patients and their parents: an individual differences resources model. Transl Behav Med 2020; 9:514-522. [PMID: 31094435 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibz025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The experience of childhood cancer is a major life stressor for children and their parents. There is substantial variability among pediatric cancer patients and their parents in their ability to cope with the cancer. Although other models typically focus on the psychological resources families use to broadly cope with a diagnosis of pediatric cancer, we present a model that focuses specifically how parents and children cope with the stress of invasive and often painful treatment episodes. Our resources model is further distinct with its focus on individual differences in personal (e.g., personality traits) and social (e.g., social support) resources and the role these differences may play in psychosocial adjustment of families confronting pediatric cancer. We use findings from the broader pediatric cancer research literature and our own 15-year program of research on individual differences in psychological resources and parents and children's responses to treatment episodes to provide empirical support for our model. Support was found for the six premises of the model: (a) parent resources influence their longer-term psychosocial adjustment, (b) parent resources influence children's responses to treatment episodes, (c) parent resources indirectly influence their longer-term psychosocial adjustment through their responses to treatment episodes, (d) children's personal resources influence how parent responses to treatment episodes, (e) children's resources influence their longer-term psychosocial adjustment, and (f) children's resources indirectly influence their longer-term psychosocial adjustment through their responses to treatment episodes. Understanding how the availability of resources influences parents and children confronting cancer provides a foundation for future research on individual differences in resources and offers other avenues through which clinicians can assess and treat families at risk for poor psychosocial adjustment during treatment and in their life beyond cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity W K Harper
- Population Studies and Disparities Research Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Terrance L Albrecht
- Population Studies and Disparities Research Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey W Taub
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sean Phipps
- Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Louis A Penner
- Population Studies and Disparities Research Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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7
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Dorfman A, Oakes H, Santos HC, Grossmann I. Self-distancing promotes positive emotional change after adversity: Evidence from a micro-longitudinal field experiment. J Pers 2019; 89:132-144. [PMID: 31840248 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research examines changes in emotionality following adverse experiences in daily life. We tested whether daily self-distancing (vs. self-immersing) in reflections on adversity results in positive change in emotionality. Additionally, we probed the "dosage" effect of repeated self-distancing. METHOD A micro-longitudinal field experiment combined 4-week daily diary and experimental manipulation of perspective during diary-based reflections on adverse experiences to explore the trajectory of change in emotionality. Each day, participants (N = 149) described and reflected on one significant event from that day and rated emotionality. We randomly assigned participants to reflect from a self-immersed or self-distanced perspective. RESULTS Self-distanced participants showed a change toward positive emotionality while maintaining the same level of negative emotionality, whereas self-immersed participants did not show changes in positive or negative emotionality. We also observed that self-distancing reached its maximum effect ("dosage") for positive emotionality in the third week of the diary. CONCLUSIONS Repeated self-distanced reflections can promote positive change in emotionality in the face of everyday adversity. Notably, repeated self-distancing effectiveness has a saturation point. In contrast, self-immersed reflections on adversity do not promote positive emotional change. Together, these observations raise the question how the default self-immersed reflection on traumatic experiences impacts personal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dorfman
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Harrison Oakes
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Henri C Santos
- Autism and Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger Health System, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania
| | - Igor Grossmann
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Weidman AC, Sowden WJ, Berg MK, Kross E. Punish or Protect? How Close Relationships Shape Responses to Moral Violations. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2019; 46:693-708. [PMID: 31535954 DOI: 10.1177/0146167219873485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
People have fundamental tendencies to punish immoral actors and treat close others altruistically. What happens when these tendencies collide—do people punish or protect close others who behave immorally? Across 10 studies ( N = 2,847), we show that people consistently anticipate protecting close others who commit moral infractions, particularly highly severe acts of theft and sexual harassment. This tendency emerged regardless of gender, political orientation, moral foundations, and disgust sensitivity and was driven by concerns about self-interest, loyalty, and harm. We further find that people justify this tendency by planning to discipline close others on their own. We also identify a psychological mechanism that mitigates the tendency to protect close others who have committed severe (but not mild) moral infractions: self-distancing. These findings highlight the role that relational closeness plays in shaping people’s responses to moral violations, underscoring the need to consider relational closeness in future moral psychology work.
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9
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Cova F, Garcia F, Oyanadel C, Villagran L, Páez D, Inostroza C. Adaptive Reflection on Negative Emotional Experiences: Convergences and Divergence Between the Processing-Mode Theory and the Theory of Self-Distancing Reflection. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1943. [PMID: 31551854 PMCID: PMC6734160 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reflecting on negative emotional experiences can be adaptive but it can also maintain or intensify detrimental emotional states. Which factors determine whether reflection can have one consequence or another is unclear. This study focused on two research programs that have concentrated on this topic in the last decades: processing-mode theory (PMT) and self-distancing theory (SDT). The article described and contrasted both programs and their findings. The promising results that PMT and SDT have achieved in identifying the differences between the forms of adaptive and maladaptive reflection are highlighted. Likewise, the disconcerting contradictions observed between both programs that make integrating the findings difficult are indicated. The PMT states that adaptive reflection is concrete, and it is focused on the how of the experience. The SDT states that adaptive reflection is self-distanced and focused on the global meaning of the experience. The article finishes by indicating possible explanations for these apparent contradictions and outlines the challenges to be solved to improve comprehension of the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Cova
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Felipe Garcia
- Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Comunicación, Universidad Santo Tomas, Concepción, Chile
| | - Cristian Oyanadel
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Loreto Villagran
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Dario Páez
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, Spain
- Facultad de Educación y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Andres Bello, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carolina Inostroza
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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10
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Bourassa KJ, Tackman AM, Mehl MR, Sbarra DA. Psychological Overinvolvement, Emotional Distress, and Daily Affect Following Marital Dissolution. COLLABRA: PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1525/collabra.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Martial dissolution is associated with risk for poor mental health outcomes, but less is known about the variables and processes that may explain this risk. In a sample of recently-separated adults (N = 138), this study examined the association of psychological overinvolvement—assessed using a composite of self-reported rumination, language use, and judge-rated recounting and reconstruing—with daily affect and psychological distress. We included objective measures of sleep, behavioral displays of distress, and social engagement as potential mediators of these associations. Consistent with the preregistered hypotheses, greater psychological overinvolvement predicted higher levels of psychological distress, lower happiness, and greater sadness five months later. Psychological overinvolvement also predicted change in sadness, but not happiness or psychological distress, over five months. Contrary to our predictions, none of the candidate mediators explained these associations. Exploratory analyses suggested that the self-reported rumination component of the psychological overinvolvement composite largely accounted for the association between psychological overinvolvement and the three outcomes. People’s tendency to become overinvolved in their psychological experience after divorce predicts increased risk for distress in the months following marital separation.
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11
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Le PQ, Saltsman TL, Seery MD, Ward DE, Kondrak CL, Lamarche VM. When a small self means manageable obstacles: Spontaneous self-distancing predicts divergent effects of awe during a subsequent performance stressor. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Résibois M, Rotgé JY, Delaveau P, Kuppens P, Van Mechelen I, Fossati P, Verduyn P. The impact of self-distancing on emotion explosiveness and accumulation: An fMRI study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206889. [PMID: 30399153 PMCID: PMC6219793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotions unfold over time with episodes differing in explosiveness (i.e., profiles having a steep vs. a gentle start) and accumulation (i.e., profiles increasing over time vs. going back to baseline). In the present fMRI study, we wanted to replicate and extend previous findings on the psychological and neural mechanisms underlying emotion explosiveness and accumulation. Specifically, we aimed to: (a) replicate the finding that different neural mechanisms are associated with emotion explosiveness and accumulation, (b) replicate the finding that adopting a self-distanced (vs. self-immersed) perspective decreases emotion explosiveness and accumulation at the level of self-report, and (c) examine whether adopting a self-distanced (vs. self-immersed) perspective similarly modulates activity in the brain regions associated with emotion explosiveness and accumulation. Participants in an fMRI scanner were asked to adopt a self-immersed or self-distanced perspective while reading and thinking about negative social feedback, and to report on felt changes in negative affect during that period using an emotion intensity profile tracking approach. We replicated previous findings showing that emotion explosiveness and accumulation were related to activity in regions involved in self-referential processing (such as the medial prefrontal cortex) and sustained visceral arousal (such as the posterior insula), respectively. The finding that adopting a self-distanced (vs. self-immersed) perspective lowers emotion explosiveness and accumulation was also replicated at a self-report level. However, perspective taking did not impact activity in the neural correlates of emotion explosiveness and accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Résibois
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Jean-Yves Rotgé
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, ICM-A-IHU, Social and Affective Neuroscience (SAN) Laboratory & Prisme Platform, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Department of Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Pauline Delaveau
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, ICM-A-IHU, Social and Affective Neuroscience (SAN) Laboratory & Prisme Platform, Paris, France
| | - Peter Kuppens
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Iven Van Mechelen
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe Fossati
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, ICM-A-IHU, Social and Affective Neuroscience (SAN) Laboratory & Prisme Platform, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Department of Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche – CENIR, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle (ICM), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS – Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Verduyn
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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13
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Grenell A, Prager EO, Schaefer C, Kross E, Duckworth AL, Carlson SM. Individual differences in the effectiveness of self-distancing for young children's emotion regulation. BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 37:84-100. [DOI: 10.1111/bjdp.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Grenell
- Institute of Child Development; University of Minnesota-Twin Cities; Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Emily O. Prager
- Institute of Child Development; University of Minnesota-Twin Cities; Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | | | - Ethan Kross
- University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | | | - Stephanie M. Carlson
- Institute of Child Development; University of Minnesota-Twin Cities; Minneapolis Minnesota USA
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14
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Gollwitzer PM, Mayer D, Frick C, Oettingen G. Promoting the Self-Regulation of Stress in Health Care Providers: An Internet-Based Intervention. Front Psychol 2018; 9:838. [PMID: 29962979 PMCID: PMC6013563 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our internet-based intervention study was to find out whether healthcare professionals can autonomously down-regulate the stress they experience at their workplace, using an established self-regulation tool called Mental Contrasting with Implementation Intentions (MCII). Applying MCII to reduce stress implied for our participants to repeatedly engage in a mental exercise that (1) required specifying a wish related to reducing stress, (2) identifying and imagining its most desired positive outcome, (3) detecting and imagining the obstacle that holds them back, and (4) coming up with an if-then plan on how to overcome it. We recruited on-line nurses employed at various health institutions all over Germany, and randomly assigned participants to one of three groups. In the MCII group (n = 33), participants were taught how to use this exercise via email and the participants were asked to engage in the exercise on a daily basis for a period of 3 weeks. As compared to two control groups, one being a no-treatment control group (n = 35) and the other a modified MCII group (n = 32), our experimental MCII group showed a reduced stress level and an enhanced work engagement. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the present study as well as ways to intensify MCII effects on stress reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Gollwitzer
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Doris Mayer
- Department of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christine Frick
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Gabriele Oettingen
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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15
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Kaplow JB, Wardecker BM, Layne CM, Kross E, Burnside A, Edelstein RS, Prossin AR. Out of the Mouths of Babes: Links Between Linguistic Structure of Loss Narratives and Psychosocial Functioning in Parentally Bereaved Children. J Trauma Stress 2018; 31:342-351. [PMID: 29870081 PMCID: PMC6026046 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study examined links between the language bereaved children use to describe the death of their caregiver and children's psychological/behavioral functioning and coping strategies. Participants included 44 children (54.5% male) aged 7 to 12 (M = 9.05) years who were bereaved by the death of a caregiver. Children were assessed via self- and caregiver-report measures and an in-person interview regarding the loss of their caregiver. Children's loss narratives gathered through in-person interviews were transcribed and subjected to textual analysis. Linguistic categories included pronouns and verb tense. Drawing from linguistic and self-distancing theories, we hypothesized that children's use of language reflecting self-distancing (third-person pronouns and past tense) or social connectedness (first-person plural pronouns) would be negatively associated with psychological/behavioral distress and avoidant coping. Similarly, we expected that children's use of self-focused language (first-person singular pronouns and present tense) would be positively associated with psychological/behavioral distress and avoidant coping. As hypothesized, preliminary findings suggest that children who employed more self-distancing language and used more social connectedness words reported less avoidant coping, rs = .40-.42. Also as hypothesized, children who employed more self-focused language had higher levels of self-reported posttraumatic stress symptoms, r = .54, and avoidant coping, r = .54, and higher parent-reported psychological/behavioral distress, r = .43. Implications for theory-building, risk screening, and directions for future research with bereaved youth are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie B Kaplow
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Britney M Wardecker
- Center for Healthy Aging, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher M Layne
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ethan Kross
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Amanda Burnside
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Robin S Edelstein
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alan R Prossin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Résibois M, Kuppens P, Van Mechelen I, Fossati P, Verduyn P. Depression severity moderates the relation between self-distancing and features of emotion unfolding. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kross E, Vickers BD, Orvell A, Gainsburg I, Moran TP, Boyer M, Jonides J, Moser J, Ayduk O. Third-Person Self-Talk Reduces Ebola Worry and Risk Perception by Enhancing Rational Thinking. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2017; 9:387-409. [DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Moghaddam Tabrizi F, Alizadeh S, Barjasteh S. Managerial Self-Efficacy for Chemotherapy-Related Symptoms and Related Risk Factors in Women with Breast Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:1549-1553. [PMID: 28669166 PMCID: PMC6373813 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.6.1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is one of the most important diseases affecting physical, psychological and social health
of women. This study aimed to determine managerial self-efficacy regarding chemotherapy-related symptoms and
related risk factors in Iranian patients. Materials and methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was
conducted on 150 patients with breast cancer referred to medical centers of Urmia in 2016 with a convenience sampling
method . The data collection instrument was the symptom-management self-efficacy scale-breast cancer (SMSES-BC)
questionnaire whose validity and reliability was evaluated for the first time for Iranians. Data were analyzed using SPSS
software version 20. Results: Most of the patients were in the age range of 41-49 years. Lowest scores were in the areas
of emotional and interpersonal disorders and the highest scores in the area of managing chemotherapy-related symptoms.
The mean score of self-efficacy chemotherapy-related symptoms was 168.0±25.4. There were significant relationships
between age, education, economic status, marital status and life status and self-efficacy chemotherapy-related symptoms.
In addition, a positive significant correlation for each of the subscales. Conclusion: It should be noted that interventional
efforts for improving managerial self-efficacy of symptoms, especially management of interpersonal and emotional
disorders in these patients are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Moghaddam Tabrizi
- Reproductive Health Research Center, Nursing and Midwifery Department, Urmia University
of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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