1
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Riddell H, Lamont W, Lombard M, Paduano S, Maltagliati S, Gucciardi DF, Ntoumanis N. Autonomous motivation promotes goal attainment through the conscious investment of effort, but mental contrasting with implementation intentions makes goal striving easier. J Soc Psychol 2024; 164:230-243. [PMID: 36587628 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2022.2163610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
People with autonomous motives (e.g., personal importance) may use automated strategies to effortlessly sustain goal-directed behavior and overcome obstacles. We investigated whether conscious effort, ease of goal striving, physiological effort, and the number of obstacles encountered mediate relations between motives and goal attainment for a competitive cycling goal. Additionally, half the participants (n = 57) were trained in Mental Contrasting with Implementation Intentions (MCII) - a technique that facilitates development of goal-directed behavior - with remaining participants (n = 54) treated as controls. Conscious investment of effort mediated relations between autonomous motives and goal attainment. Subjective ease of goal striving and physiological effort did not. This result indicates that successful goal striving is not perceived as effortless for autonomously motivated individuals working on competitive goals. Conversely, MCII predicted a reduction in obstacles, which in turn was associated with easier goal striving but not goal attainment. Although MCII did not support goal attainment in the current study, its ability to minimize the influence of obstacles may still be useful for other types of goals or for sustaining long-term goal pursuit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nikos Ntoumanis
- Curtin University
- University of Southern Denmark
- Halmstad University
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2
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Crane MF, Hoare S, Kangas M, Gucciardi DF, Karin E. A coping self-insight scale for adults: development and preliminary psychometric properties. Anxiety Stress Coping 2024; 37:157-179. [PMID: 38053399 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2023.2290099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-insights focused on the coping process are implicated in the refinement of capacities for resilience. To advance this research, we must identify key coping self-insights and develop a concise measurement tool. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this paper is to develop evidence for the construct dimensionality and validity of a measure of coping self-insight. METHODS Items measuring 13 coping self-insight dimensions were generated via consultation with theoretical work, subject matter experts, and pre-testing items for clarity. Thereafter, the dimensionality of items was assessed with undergraduate students (N = 232) and an online sample (N = 800) via exploratory and confirmatory analyses. Finally, a multi-trait, multi-method approach was used to test discriminant validity in a further sample of students (N = 228). RESULTS The initial item list was reduced to five key dimensions that balanced data-driven and conceptual considerations. Confirmatory Factor Analysis revealed moderate-to-strong correlations (r = .47-.80) among dimensions. We also demonstrated evidence of internal reliability, convergent, criterion, and discriminant validity. Invariance tests for sub-groups of interest (e.g., sex, sample type) frequently demonstrated metric or scalar invariance, except for age sub-groups. CONCLUSIONS Findings offer a starting point regarding the types of coping self-insights important for the emergence of resilience and a validated tool for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Crane
- School of Psychological Science, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Australia
| | - S Hoare
- School of Psychological Science, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Australia
| | - M Kangas
- School of Psychological Science, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Australia
| | - D F Gucciardi
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - E Karin
- School of Psychological Science, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Australia
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3
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Hug S, Cavalheri V, Gucciardi DF, Hill K. Quantifying uptake and completion of pulmonary rehabilitation programs in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease known to tertiary care. Chron Respir Dis 2024; 21:14799731231224781. [PMID: 38183174 PMCID: PMC10771047 DOI: 10.1177/14799731231224781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with symptomatic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) benefit from pulmonary rehabilitation programs (PRPs), but program attrition is common. METHODS For people with COPD who presented to tertiary care and appeared appropriate for a PRP, we prospectively mapped their PRP journey, explored factors influencing attendance to pre-program assessment and captured program attrition. RESULTS Of the 391 participants, 31% (95% CI 27 to 36) were referred to a PRP (n = 123; age 68 ± 10years, 62 males [50%], FEV1 45 ± 19%predicted). Of those referred, 94 (76% [69 to 84]) attended a pre-program assessment. Ex-smokers and those who had a healthcare professional (HCP) explain they would be referred were more likely to attend a pre-program assessment (odds ratio [95%CI]; 2.6 [1.1 to 6.1]; and 4.7 [1.9 to 11.7], respectively). Of the 94 who attended, 63 (67% [58 to 77]) commenced; and of those who commenced, 35 (56% [43 to 68]) completed a PRP. All who completed (n = 35, 100%) were provided at least one strategy to maintain training-related gains. CONCLUSION Attrition occurs throughout the PRP journey. Interactions with HCPs about PRPs positively influenced attendance. Understanding how HCPs can best contextualise PRPs to encourage referral acceptance and uptake is an important area for further work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hug
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Physiotherapy, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Vinicius Cavalheri
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Allied Health, South Metropolitan Health Service, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Daniel F Gucciardi
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kylie Hill
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Physiotherapy, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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4
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Crane MF, Hazel G, Kunzelmann A, Kho M, Gucciardi DF, Rigotti T, Kalisch R, Karin E. An exploratory domain analysis of deployment risks and protective features and their association to mental health, cognitive functioning and job performance in military personnel. Anxiety Stress Coping 2024; 37:16-28. [PMID: 37379256 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2023.2228707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meta-analyses of military deployment involve the exploration of focused associations between predictors and peri and post-deployment outcomes. OBJECTIVE We aimed to provide a large-scale and high-level perspective of deployment-related predictors across eight peri and post-deployment outcomes. DESIGN Articles reporting effect sizes for associations between deployment-related features and indices of peri and post-deployment outcomes were selected. Three-hundred and fourteen studies (N = 2,045,067) and 1,893 relevant effects were retained. Deployment features were categorized into themes, mapped across outcomes, and integrated into a big-data visualization. METHODS Studies of military personnel with deployment experience were included. Extracted studies investigated eight possible outcomes reflecting functioning (e.g., post-traumatic stress, burnout). To allow comparability, effects were transformed into a Fisher's Z. Moderation analyses investigating methodological features were performed. RESULTS The strongest correlates across outcomes were emotional (e.g., guilt/shame: Z = 0.59 to 1.21) and cognitive processes (e.g., negative appraisals: Z = -0.54 to 0.26), adequate sleep on deployment (Z = -0.28 to - 0.61), motivation (Z = -0.33 to - 0.71), and use of various coping strategies/recovery strategies (Z = -0.25 to - 0.59). CONCLUSIONS Findings pointed to interventions that target coping and recovery strategies, and the monitoring of emotional states and cognitive processes post-deployment that may indicate early risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Crane
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Australia
| | - G Hazel
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Australia
| | - A Kunzelmann
- Department of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - M Kho
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Australia
| | - D F Gucciardi
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - T Rigotti
- Department of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - R Kalisch
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - E Karin
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Australia
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5
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Kemp S, Spence AL, Keller BS, Ducker KJ, Gucciardi DF. Intraindividual variability in sleep among athletes: A systematic review of definitions, operationalizations, and key correlates. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:2413-2422. [PMID: 37485972 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Via systematic review with narrative synthesis of findings, we aimed to document the ways by which researchers have defined, operationalized, and examined sleep variability among athletes. We identified studies in which scholars examined intraperson variability in sleep among athletes via a search of six databases (Web of Science, Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, CINHAL Plus, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global) using a protocol that included keywords for the target outcome (sleep*), population (athlet* OR sport*), and outcome operationalization (variability OR variation OR "standard deviation" OR fluctuate OR fluctuation OR stability OR instability OR reactivity OR IIV OR intraindividual). We complemented this primary search with citation searching of eligible articles. Assessments of study quality captured eight core elements, namely aims/hypotheses, sample size justification, sample representativeness, number of days sleep assessed, measures of sleep and its correlates, missing data, and inferences and conclusions. From a total of 1209 potentially relevant papers, we identified 16 studies as meeting our eligibility criteria. Concept definitions of variability were notably absent from this work and where available were vague. Quantitative deviations from one's typical level of target sleep metrics reflected the essence by which all but one of the research teams operationalized sleep variability. We assessed the overall quality of empirical work as moderate in nature. We propose a working definition of sleep variability that can inform knowledge generation on the temporal, day-to-day dynamics of sleep functioning that is required for personalized interventions for optimizing sleep health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana Kemp
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Fremantle Football Club, Fremantle, Australia
| | - Angela L Spence
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Kagan J Ducker
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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6
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Thøgersen-Ntoumani C, Gucciardi DF, McVeigh JA, O'Sullivan TA, Dontje M, Stamatakis E, Eastwood PR, Straker L. Health behaviour profiles in young Australian adults in relation to physical and mental health: The Raine Study. Health Promot J Austr 2023. [PMID: 37968787 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
ISSUES ADDRESSED We aimed to identify latent health behaviour profiles of young adults and examine their associations with physical and mental health outcomes. We also characterised the profiles by socio-demographic characteristics. METHODS Data were collected between 2012 and 2014. Participants (N = 476) were young adults (M age [SD] = 22.1 [.57] years) from Generation 2 of the Raine Study longitudinal cohort. Health behaviours were measured via ActiGraph GT3X waist monitors (physical activity, sedentary behaviour) and questionnaires (diet quality, alcohol, smoking and sleep). Physical and mental health were measured using clinical health assessments, blood biomarkers, and questionnaires. Latent Profile Analysis using Mplus (8.2) was employed to identify profiles. RESULTS Four latent profiles were identified: 'heavy drinkers with moderately unhealthy eating habits' (high takeaway foods; n = 135), 'unhealthy food abstainers' (low takeaway foods; n = 138), 'moderately sedentary alcohol abstainers' (n = 139) and 'physically active drinkers with unhealthy eating habits' (high takeaway foods and sugary drinks; n = 64). 'Physically active drinkers with unhealthy eating habits' had the poorest (physical and mental) health outcomes, yet the lowest insulin resistance. 'Unhealthy food abstainers' had the most favourable health outcomes (adiposity, health perceptions, blood pressure). Sex differed among the profiles. CONCLUSIONS The profiles identified among young adults are different to profiles with general adult populations. A novel finding was that 'physically active drinkers with unhealthy eating habits' had low insulin resistance. The findings also suggest that future interventions may need to be sex specific. SO WHAT Our findings suggest that health behaviour interventions for young adults should be targeted to distinct profile characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Thøgersen-Ntoumani
- Danish Centre for Motivation and Behaviour Science, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Daniel F Gucciardi
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Joanne A McVeigh
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Movement Physiology Laboratory, School of Physiology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Therese A O'Sullivan
- School of Medical and Health Science, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Manon Dontje
- Department of Rehabilitation, Physical Therapy Science and Sports, UMC Utrecht Brain Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, UMC Utrecht Brain Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, and de Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter R Eastwood
- Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Leon Straker
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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7
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Johnson RW, White BK, Gibson N, Gucciardi DF, Williams SA. A Mixed-Methods Feasibility Study of a Gamified Therapy Prescription App for Children with Neurodisability. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37814984 DOI: 10.1080/01942638.2023.2263576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM Determine the feasibility of a gamified therapy (occupational therapy, physiotherapy, speech pathology) prescription app developed for children with neurodisability for delivering school and home therapy programs (the Zingo app). METHOD A mixed-methods feasibility study was conducted with children (and their parents, therapists, and teachers) with neurodisability (n = 8, female= 5) who were prescribed a 4-week individualized therapy program by their usual treating therapist using Zingo. Primary outcome measures were program adherence, engagement, app quality, and user experience, collected with quantitative and qualitative methods. RESULTS Mean adherence to the program was 58.0% (SD 27.2). Our combined Engagement Index (EI) score was 74.4% (SD 11.7). App quality measured using Mobile Application Rating Scale- User version was 4.6/5 (SD 0.7, n = 6) for parents, 4.6/5 (SD 0.5, n = 5) for teachers, and 4.4/5 (SD 0.6, n = 6) for therapists. Thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews yielded a primary theme of "app as motivator" for therapy. CONCLUSIONS Adherence findings were affected by COVID-19 outbreak however remain comparable with other studies in this cohort. EI findings compared favorably with other studies. The findings are supportive of the feasibility of Zingo for delivering home and school therapy programs for children with neurodisability and was found to motivate therapy program completion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowan W Johnson
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Therapy Services, Ability WA, Perth, Australia
| | - Becky K White
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Reach Health Promotion Innovations, Perth, Australia
| | - Noula Gibson
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Department of Physiotherapy, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Daniel F Gucciardi
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Curtin enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Sîan A Williams
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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8
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Ng W, Beales D, Gucciardi DF, Slater H. Applying the behavioural change wheel to guide the implementation of a biopsychosocial approach to musculoskeletal pain care. Front Pain Res (Lausanne) 2023; 4:1169178. [PMID: 37228807 PMCID: PMC10204590 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2023.1169178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Achieving high value, biopsychosocial pain care can be complex, involving multiple stakeholders working synergistically to support the implementation of quality care. In order to empower healthcare professionals to assess, identify and analyse biopsychosocial factors contributing to musculoskeletal pain, and describe what changes are needed in the whole-of-system to navigate this complexity, we aimed to: (1) map established barriers and enablers influencing healthcare professionals' adoption of a biopsychosocial approach to musculoskeletal pain against behaviour change frameworks; and (2) identify behaviour change techniques to facilitate and support the adoption and improve pain education. A five-step process informed by the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) was undertaken: (i) from a recently published qualitative evidence synthesis, barriers and enablers were mapped onto the Capability Opportunity Motivation-Behaviour (COM-B) model and Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) using "best fit" framework synthesis; (ii) relevant stakeholder groups involved in the whole-of-health were identified as audiences for potential interventions; (iii) possible intervention functions were considered based on the Affordability, Practicability, Effectiveness and Cost-effectiveness, Acceptability, Side-effects/safety, Equity criteria; (iv) a conceptual model was synthesised to understand the behavioural determinants underpinning biopsychosocial pain care; (v) behaviour change techniques (BCTs) to improve adoption were identified. Barriers and enablers mapped onto 5/6 components of the COM-B model and 12/15 domains on the TDF. Multi-stakeholder groups including healthcare professionals, educators, workplace managers, guideline developers and policymakers were identified as target audiences for behavioural interventions, specifically education, training, environmental restructuring, modelling and enablement. A framework was derived with six BCTs identified from the Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy (version 1). Adoption of a biopsychosocial approach to musculoskeletal pain involves a complex set of behavioural determinants, relevant across multiple audiences, reflecting the importance of a whole-of-system approach to musculoskeletal health. We proposed a worked example on how to operationalise the framework and apply the BCTs. Evidence-informed strategies are recommended to empower healthcare professionals to assess, identify and analyse biopsychosocial factors, as well as targeted interventions relevant to various stakeholders. These strategies can help to strengthen a whole-of-system adoption of a biopsychosocial approach to pain care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Ng
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Darren Beales
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Curtin enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Daniel F. Gucciardi
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Curtin enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Helen Slater
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Curtin enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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9
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Sivaramakrishnan H, Quested E, Cheval B, Thøgersen-Ntoumani C, Gucciardi DF, Ntoumanis N. Predictors of intentions of adults over 35 years to participate in walking sport programs: A social-ecological mixed-methods approach. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023. [PMID: 37051802 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing need to identify acceptable and feasible opportunities to engage adults over 35 years in physical activity. Walking sports may be a potential means to engage adults in sport; however, there is limited evidence regarding appeal and feasibility to support its implementation and delivery. Using a two-step mixed-methods approach, we aimed (1) to quantitively identify significant predictors of intentions of adults over 35 years to participate in walking sports and (2) to understand why and how these identified predictors may be contextually relevant to the target group. In phase one, 282 adults over 35 years (Mage = 46.08, SD = 9.75) without prior experience of walking sports completed an online questionnaire assessing personal, psychosocial, program-related, and environmental predictors, and intentions to participate in walking sports. Hierarchical multiple linear regressions showed that perceived health status, attitudes, subjective norms, and distance of venue were significant predictors of intentions. In phase two, interviews with a subset of 17 participants indicated that, when implementing walking sport programs, program labeling, fear of the unknown, and individual differences in the appeal of walking sport warrant consideration. Together, these findings offer insight into the complex interplay of personal, psychosocial, program-related, and environmental predictors of adults' intentions to participate in walking sports. Addressing these elements of a walking sport program would make such programs more appealing to potential participants, and ultimately, more feasible and sustainable to conduct in the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamsini Sivaramakrishnan
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Physical Activity and Well-Being Research Group, enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Eleanor Quested
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Physical Activity and Well-Being Research Group, enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Boris Cheval
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression, Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cecilie Thøgersen-Ntoumani
- Physical Activity and Well-Being Research Group, enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Danish Centre for Motivation and Behaviour Science, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Daniel F Gucciardi
- Physical Activity and Well-Being Research Group, enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nikos Ntoumanis
- Physical Activity and Well-Being Research Group, enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Danish Centre for Motivation and Behaviour Science, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
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10
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Riddell H, Sedikides C, Gucciardi DF, Jackson B, Thøgersen-Ntoumani C, Ntoumanis N. Motives and mental contrasting with implementation intentions predict progress and management of goals in parents. Motivation Science 2023. [DOI: 10.1037/mot0000290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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11
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Zhang CQ, Li X, Si G, Chung PK, Huang Z, Gucciardi DF. Examining the roles of experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion on the effects from mindfulness to athlete burnout: A longitudinal study. Psychol Sport Exerc 2023; 64:102341. [PMID: 37665822 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Athlete burnout is a maladaptive outcome that is potentially detrimental for performance and wellbeing. Cross-sectional evidence suggests that mindfulness might be associated with athlete burnout via experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion. In the current study, we extend knowledge of these hypothesized mediational pathways using a longitudinal design. METHODS Data was collected at three occasions with a three-month interval. A final sample of 280 elite Chinese athletes aged 15-32 years (Mage = 19.13; SD = 2.92; Female = 130) reported their mindfulness at Time 1, experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion at Time 2, and athlete burnout at Time 3. Structural equation modelling was adopted to examine the mediating roles of experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion on the effects from mindfulness to athlete burnout. RESULTS We found statistically meaningful directs effects from mindfulness (Time 1) to experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion (Time 2), which in turn influenced athlete burnout (Time 3). However, the direct effect from mindfulness at Time 1 to athlete burnout at Time 3 was non-significant. The indirect effects of experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion on the effects from mindfulness to athlete burnout were significant, providing longitudinal evidence that these two variables contribute meaningfully to the mindfulness-burnout pathway. CONCLUSION With initial evidence for the mediating effects of experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion, future studies could consider using experimental designs to examine the potential changing mechanisms of mindfulness on reducing athlete burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Qing Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xin Li
- School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gangyan Si
- Sport Psychology Center, Hong Kong Sports Institute, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pak-Kwong Chung
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhijian Huang
- School of Physical Education, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
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12
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Kho MC, Karin E, Gucciardi DF, Crane MF. Testing a
supervisor‐led
extension of self‐reflection resilience training: A controlled trial randomized by platoon at the Royal Military College. J Occupat & Organ Psyc 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/joop.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madison C. Kho
- School of Psychological Sciences Macquarie University North Ryde New South Wales Australia
| | - Eyal Karin
- eCentre Clinic, School of Psychological Sciences Macquarie University North Ryde New South Wales Australia
| | - Daniel F. Gucciardi
- Curtin School of Allied Health and Curtin Enable Institute Curtin University Bentley Western Australia Australia
| | - Monique F. Crane
- School of Psychological Sciences Macquarie University North Ryde New South Wales Australia
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Brooke LE, Gucciardi DF, Ntoumanis N, Chapman MT, Lines RLJ, Perry Y, Gilbey D, Formby T, Phillips T, Lin A. Enhancing functional recovery for young people recovering from first episode psychosis via sport-based life skills training: outcomes of a feasibility and pilot study. Health Psychol Behav Med 2022; 10:1136-1158. [PMID: 36437870 PMCID: PMC9683043 DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2022.2147073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Early intervention within First Episode Psychosis (FEP) recovery efforts support functional recovery in several ways, including increasing levels of (1) physical activity (2) life skills, and (3) social connectivity. Sport has been proposed as an ideal platform to target these three goals simultaneously. The primary aims were to assess the feasibility of utilising sport-based life skills within FEP recovery efforts and test intervention components. The secondary aim was to evaluate the potential recovery benefits. Seven young people (aged 15-25 years) with FEP participated in a six-week sport programme alongside their support workers (community and peer workers) from the service, including peer workers with a lived experience of psychosis. The programme consisted of various sporting activities, which were designed to promote physical activity, maximise social connectivity, and teach life-skills (e.g. motivation, emotional regulation, and goal-setting) that are relevant and transferrable to other contexts (e.g. school, employment, independent living). The support participants engaged with the programme at the same level as the young people, with the role of providing support and normalising/modelling engagement. The young and support participants provided feedback during and after the programme via questionnaires and interviews. Young participants self-reported physical activity levels, psychological needs, recovery dimensions, and life skills pre- and post- intervention using established psychometric tools. We used thematic analysis to analyse the qualitative data and compared this information with other data collected (e.g. attendance, feedback, quantitative measurements). The study culminated with a process evaluation. The results indicated that, despite challenges with engagement for young people with FEP, sport-based life skills programming may be a feasible and useful recovery outlet. In addition, the results highlighted specific intervention components that were useful to promote engagement and recovery benefits. This study serves as a critical foundation for future sport-based work within FEP recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Brooke
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Daniel F. Gucciardi
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Curtin enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nikos Ntoumanis
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Robin L. J. Lines
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Yael Perry
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Dylan Gilbey
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | | | - Ashleigh Lin
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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14
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Murdoch EM, Chapman MT, Crane M, Gucciardi DF. The effectiveness of self-distanced versus self-immersed reflections among adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental studies. Stress Health 2022; 39:255-271. [PMID: 36166459 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Stressor events can be highly emotional and disruptive to our functioning, yet they also present opportunities for learning and growth via self-reflections. Self-distanced reflections in which one reasons about target events in ways that maximise their removal of the current self from the experiential reality are said to facilitate this reflective process. We tested the expectation that self-distanced reflections offer an advantage over self-immersed vistas via a pre-registered systematic review of seven electronic databases (Scopus, Medline, Web of Science, PsycInfo, CINAHL Plus, Embase, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global) to identify experimental tests with adults aged 18-65 years where the focus of the reflection was a stressor or adverse event that participants had already experienced. A three-level, random effects meta-analysis of 25 experiments (N = 2,397, 68 effects) revealed a small-to-moderate advantage of self-distanced reflections (g = 0.19, SE = 0.07, 95% CI [0.05, 0.33]) and were most effective when they targeted a stressor experience that emphasised one's emotional state or lifetime. Nevertheless, our assessment of the overall quality of evidence including risk of bias suggested uncertainty regarding the benefit of this pragmatic self-regulatory tactic and therefore the need for future high-powered, high-quality experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Murdoch
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Western Australian Institute of Sport, Claremont, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael T Chapman
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Monique Crane
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel F Gucciardi
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Curtin enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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15
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Riddell H, Crane M, Lang JWB, Chapman MT, Murdoch EM, Gucciardi DF. Stressor reflections, sleep, and psychological well-being: A pre-registered experimental test of self-distanced versus self-immersed reflections. Stress Health 2022. [PMID: 36166756 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Evidence supports the effectiveness of cuing people to analyse negative autobiographical experiences from self-distanced rather than self-immersed perspectives. However, the evidence on which this expectation resides is limited largely to static snapshots of mean levels of cognitive and emotional factors. Via a pre-registered, randomised controlled trial (N = 257), we examined the differential effectiveness of self-distanced relative to self-immersed reflections on mean levels and within-person variability of sleep duration and quality as well as psychological well-being over a 5-day working week. Except for sleep quality, we found that reflecting from a psychologically distanced perspective, overall, was no more effective for mean levels and within-person variability of sleep duration, well-being, and stress-related factors than when the current self is fully immersed in the experiential reality of the event. We consider several substantive and methodological considerations (e.g., dosage, salience of stressor event) that require interrogation in future research via experimental and longitudinal observational methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh Riddell
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Monique Crane
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jonas W B Lang
- Department of Human Resource Management and Organisational Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Business School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Michael T Chapman
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M Murdoch
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Daniel F Gucciardi
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Curtin enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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16
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Riddell H, Sedikides C, Gucciardi DF, Ben J, Thøgersen‐Ntoumani C, Ntoumanis N. Goal motives and mental contrasting with implementation intentions facilitate strategic goal persistence and disengagement. J Applied Social Pyschol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hugh Riddell
- Curtin School of Allied Health Curtin University Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Constantine Sedikides
- Center for Research on Self and Identity, School of Psychology University of Southampton Southampton UK
| | - Daniel F. Gucciardi
- Curtin School of Allied Health Curtin University Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Jackson Ben
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science) University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Cecilie Thøgersen‐Ntoumani
- Faculty of Health Sciences University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
- Curtin School of Population Health Curtin University Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Nikos Ntoumanis
- Faculty of Health Sciences University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
- Curtin School of Population Health Curtin University Perth Western Australia Australia
- School of Health and Welfare Halmstad University Halmstad Sweden
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17
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Johnson RW, White BK, Gucciardi DF, Gibson N, Williams SA. Intervention Mapping of a Gamified Therapy Prescription App for Children With Disabilities: User-Centered Design Approach. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2022; 5:e34588. [PMID: 35943782 PMCID: PMC9399848 DOI: 10.2196/34588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mobile health (mHealth) apps for children are increasing in availability and scope. Therapy (physiotherapy, speech pathology, and occupational therapy) prescription apps to improve home or school program adherence work best when developed to be highly engaging for children and when they incorporate behavior change techniques (BCTs) within their design. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to describe the development of a user-centered therapy prescription app for children (aged 6-12 years) with neurodevelopmental disabilities (eg, cerebral palsy, autism spectrum disorder, and intellectual disability) incorporating intervention mapping (IM) and gamified design. METHODS We used an iterative, user-centered app development model incorporating the first 3 steps of IM. We conducted a needs analysis with user feedback from our previous mHealth app study, a literature review, and a market audit. Change objectives were then specified in alignment with the psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness identified in self-determination theory. From these objectives, we then selected BCTs, stipulating parameters for effectiveness and how each BCT would be operationalized. A gamification design was planned and implemented focusing on maximizing engagement in children. In total, 2 rounds of consultations with parents, teachers, and therapists and 1 round of prototype app testing with children were conducted to inform app development, with a final iteration developed for further testing. RESULTS The IM process resulted in the specification of app elements, self-determination theory-informed BCTs, that were embedded into the app design. The gamification design yielded the selection of a digital pet avatar with a fantasy anime visual theme and multiple layers of incentives earned by completing prescribed therapy activities. Consultation groups with professionals working with children with disabilities (4 therapists and 3 teachers) and parents of children with disabilities (n=3) provided insights into the motivation of children and the pragmatics of implementing app-delivered therapy programs that informed the app development. User testing with children with disabilities (n=4) highlighted their enthusiasm for the app and the need for support in the initial phase of learning the app. App quality testing (Mobile Application Rating Scale-user version) with the children yielded means (out of 5) of 4.5 (SD 0.8) for engagement, 3.3 (SD 1.6) for function, 3.3 (SD 1.7) for aesthetics, and 4.3 (SD 1.1) for subjective quality. CONCLUSIONS mHealth apps designed for children can be greatly enhanced with a systematic yet flexible development process considering the specific contextual needs of the children with user-centered design, addressing the need for behavior change using the IM process, and maximizing engagement with gamification and strong visual design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowan W Johnson
- Therapy Services, Ability WA, Perth, Australia.,Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Becky K White
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Reach Health Promotion Innovations, Perth, Australia
| | - Daniel F Gucciardi
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Curtin enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Noula Gibson
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Department of Physiotherapy, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Sian A Williams
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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18
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Kwasnicka D, Donnachie C, Thøgersen-Ntoumani C, Hunt K, Gray CM, Ntoumanis N, McBride H, McDonald MD, Newton RU, Gucciardi DF, Olson JL, Wyke S, Morgan PJ, Kerr DA, Robinson S, Quested E. The Aussie-FIT process evaluation: feasibility and acceptability of a weight loss intervention for men, delivered in Australian Football League settings. Psychol Health 2022; 37:470-489. [PMID: 33719789 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2021.1890730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This process evaluation aimed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of Aussie-FIT, a group-based weight loss intervention for men with overweight and obesity in Australia. DESIGN Process data and data collected from: (1) six-participant focus groups (n= 24), (2) coach interviews (n = 4), (3) audio recordings of Aussie-FIT sessions and (4) post-program participant surveys (n= 93) were analysed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We explored the feasibility and acceptability of program setting and context, recruitment strategies, factors impacting implementation and mechanisms of impact. RESULTS Recruitment via Australian Football League (AFL) clubs was highly effective; 426 men expressed interest within 3 days of advertising, 130 men took part. Program attendance was not consistently recorded by coaches. Coach interviews indicated a 'core group of men' participated in each session (typically 10-12 of 15 men). Program delivery proved feasible in the AFL context. Program acceptability and satisfaction were high. Internalisation of autonomous motives was identified as driving behaviour change. Behaviour change to support maintained weight loss was facilitated through habit formation, goal setting and effective management of multiple goals. CONCLUSION Aussie-FIT sets a blueprint for future weight loss interventions that utilise behaviour change strategies and principles of self-determined motivation to support men to lose weight. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12617000515392. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Kwasnicka
- Physical Activity and Well-being Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wroclaw, Poland.,NHMRC CRE in Digital Technology to Transform Chronic Disease Outcomes, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Craig Donnachie
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Cecilie Thøgersen-Ntoumani
- Physical Activity and Well-being Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Kate Hunt
- Physical Activity and Well-being Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Cindy M Gray
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nikos Ntoumanis
- Physical Activity and Well-being Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Hannah McBride
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Matthew D McDonald
- Physical Activity and Well-being Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Robert U Newton
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Daniel F Gucciardi
- Physical Activity and Well-being Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Jenny L Olson
- Physical Activity and Well-being Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Sally Wyke
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Philip J Morgan
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Deborah A Kerr
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Suzanne Robinson
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Eleanor Quested
- Physical Activity and Well-being Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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19
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Coll F, Cavalheri V, Gucciardi DF, Wulff S, Hill K. Quantifying the Effect of Monitor Wear Time and Monitor Type on the Estimate of Sedentary Time in People with COPD: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11071980. [PMID: 35407588 PMCID: PMC8999633 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11071980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In studies that have reported device-based measures of sedentary time (ST) in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), we explored if the monitor type and monitor wear time moderated the estimate of this measure. Five electronic databases were searched in January 2021. Studies were included if >70% of participants had stable COPD, and measures of ST (min/day) were collected using wearable technology. Meta-regression was used to examine the influence of moderators on ST, monitor type, and wear time. The studies identified were a total of 1153, and 36 had usable data for meta-analyses. The overall pooled estimate of ST (mean [95% CI]) was 524 min/day [482 to 566] with moderate heterogeneity among effect sizes (I2 = 42%). Monitor wear time, as well as the interaction of monitor wear time and monitor type, were moderators of ST (p < 0.001). The largest difference (−318 min; 95% CI [−212 to −424]) was seen between studies where participants wore a device without a thigh inclinometer for 24 h (and removed sleep during analysis) (675 min, 95% CI [589 to 752]) and studies where participants wore a device with a thigh inclinometer for 12 h only (356 min; 95% CI [284 to 430]). In people with COPD, the monitor wear time and the interaction of the monitor wear time and the monitor type moderated the estimate of ST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Coll
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (F.C.); (V.C.); (D.F.G.)
- Physiotherapy Department, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA 6000, Australia;
| | - Vinicius Cavalheri
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (F.C.); (V.C.); (D.F.G.)
- Curtin enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
- Allied Health, South Metropolitan Health Service, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Daniel F. Gucciardi
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (F.C.); (V.C.); (D.F.G.)
- Curtin enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Sheldon Wulff
- Physiotherapy Department, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA 6000, Australia;
| | - Kylie Hill
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (F.C.); (V.C.); (D.F.G.)
- Curtin enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
- Institute for Respiratory Health, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-9226-2774
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20
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Chapman MT, Temby P, Crane M, Ntoumanis N, Quested E, Thøgersen‐Ntoumani C, Parker SK, Ducker KJ, Peeling P, Gucciardi DF. Team resilience emergence: Perspectives and experiences of military personnel selected for elite military training. Euro J Social Psych 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Chapman
- Curtin School of Allied Health Curtin University Perth Australia
- Physical Activity and Wellbeing Research Group Curtin University Perth Australia
| | - Philip Temby
- Land Division Defence Science and Technology Group Canberra Australia
| | - Monique Crane
- School of Psychology Macquarie University Sydney Australia
| | - Nikos Ntoumanis
- Physical Activity and Wellbeing Research Group Curtin University Perth Australia
- Curtin School of Population Health Curtin University Perth Australia
| | - Eleanor Quested
- Physical Activity and Wellbeing Research Group Curtin University Perth Australia
- Curtin School of Population Health Curtin University Perth Australia
| | - Cecilie Thøgersen‐Ntoumani
- Physical Activity and Wellbeing Research Group Curtin University Perth Australia
- Curtin School of Population Health Curtin University Perth Australia
| | | | - Kagan J. Ducker
- Curtin School of Allied Health Curtin University Perth Australia
| | - Peter Peeling
- School of Human Sciences The University of Western Australia Perth Australia
| | - Daniel F. Gucciardi
- Curtin School of Allied Health Curtin University Perth Australia
- Physical Activity and Wellbeing Research Group Curtin University Perth Australia
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21
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Coll F, Cavalheri V, Gucciardi DF, Wulff S, Hill K. In People With COPD, There Is Limited Evidence That Exercise Training Reduces Sedentary Time, and Behavior Change Techniques Are Poorly Reported: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Phys Ther 2021; 101:6178888. [PMID: 33742675 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzab097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the authors sought to explore (1) the effect of any intervention on the time spent in sedentary behavior and, (2) which behavior change techniques (BCTs) have shown promise in achieving this lifestyle target. METHODS Five electronic databases were searched on January 7, 2021. Studies were included if they (1) recruited people with stable COPD, (2) applied an intervention ≥4 weeks, and (3) measure sedentary time (ST) before and after the intervention period using wearable technology or via self-reports of television viewing. The primary analyses were restricted to data reported in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). All BCTs described during the intervention periods were mapped using an established taxonomy. RESULTS Of the 1142 records identified, 8 were RCTs, of which 6 had exercise training as the intervention. Random effects meta-analysis of data from 4 of these 6 trials that implemented exercise training showed no clear effect on ST (mean difference, -3.4 minutes; 95% CI, -27.9-21.0 minutes). Commonly mapped BCTs in the majority of studies included action planning and instruction on how to perform the behavior. Of all the BCTs mapped, 25% were reported with sufficient information to be graded "beyond reasonable doubt." CONCLUSION Despite robust evidence that exercise training improves functional outcomes and reduces dyspnea, this intervention does not seem to translate into behavior change. The primary analysis demonstrated that, in adults with COPD, the effect of exercise training on ST was, at best, uncertain. The BCTs embedded within the interventions were often poorly reported. Future RCTs are required that appropriately report BCT and ST to improve the precision of our estimate of the effect exercise training may have on ST, and BCTs used during intervention periods need to be reported with greater specificity. IMPACT In people with COPD, there is currently limited evidence to suggest that exercise training will reduce sedentary behavior. To move this area of research forward, BCTs embedded within these interventions need to be described with greater precision. LAY SUMMARY In people with COPD, interventions such as exercise training do not seem to produce a reduction in sedentary behavior (ie, time spent sitting or lying down) during daily life. The techniques used to help people change their sedentary behavior were poorly reported, so we do not know what exactly was done and therefore cannot know what may have worked well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Coll
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Physiotherapy Department, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Vinicius Cavalheri
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Allied Health, South Metropolitan Health Service, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Institute for Respiratory Health, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Daniel F Gucciardi
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sheldon Wulff
- Physiotherapy Department, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kylie Hill
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Institute for Respiratory Health, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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22
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Lines RLJ, Ducker KJ, Ntoumanis N, Thøgersen-Ntoumani C, Fletcher D, Gucciardi DF. Stress, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and resilience-The effects of naturalistic periods of elevated stress: A measurement-burst study. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13846. [PMID: 34124785 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stress is an important consideration for understanding why individuals take part in limited or no physical activity. The negative effects of stress on physical activity do not hold for everyone, so examinations of possible resilience resources that might protect individuals from the harmful effects of stress are required. Accordingly, we conducted a measurement-burst study with 53 university students over a 6-month period to examine the dynamics among stress, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and resilience resources. Participants completed three bursts of 6 days, with each burst separated by an 8-week gap. Expectations regarding the moderating effects of resilience resources were unsupported. Daily reports of academic and general stress were positively associated with sedentary behavior and negatively associated with light and moderate intensity physical activity. Hair cortisol concentration significantly moderated the association between academic stress and sedentary behavior, such that in bursts where cortisol was lower the daily positive association between stress and sedentary behavior was weaker. The finding that academic and general stress are dynamically associated with lower levels of light and moderate intensity physical activity and higher levels of sedentary behavior is an important extension to previous research, which has relied mainly on cross-sectional designs and self-report methods. Future research might examine resilience resources that are specific to the outcomes of interest rather than rely on generic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin L J Lines
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Physical Activity and Well-being Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Kagan J Ducker
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nikos Ntoumanis
- Physical Activity and Well-being Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Cecilie Thøgersen-Ntoumani
- Physical Activity and Well-being Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - David Fletcher
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Daniel F Gucciardi
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Physical Activity and Well-being Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Waters S, Edmondston S, Gucciardi DF. Validation of a Patient Questionnaire Assessing Patient Satisfaction With Orthopedic Outpatient Clinic Consultation. J Patient Exp 2021; 8:23743735211008305. [PMID: 34179434 PMCID: PMC8205371 DOI: 10.1177/23743735211008305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous qualitative research has identified a number of factors which influence
patient satisfaction with orthopedic outpatient clinic visits. To further
evaluate these factors, the authors initially generated a number of items or
statements representing these factors. This cohort of items was then subjected
to analysis by an expert group to assess which 3 items best represented each
factor. These items formed the basis of a draft survey which was then
administered to 323 orthopedic outpatients to assess these factors as
characteristics of patient satisfaction. Items and factors were also assessed
against 2 global measures of patient satisfaction. One hundred and one survey
responses were returned and subjected to factorial analysis. Results indicated
that factors of trust, empathy, and relatedness were not distinguishable and
subsequently combined to represent a single factor, the therapeutic
relationship. A final 5-factor model is proposed incorporating 3 interpersonal
factors (communication, expectation, therapeutic relationship) and 2
environmental factors (clinic wait time, clinical contact time). The factors
identified by this study should be considered in surveys evaluating patient
satisfaction with orthopedic outpatient services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel F Gucciardi
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Systematic reviews and meta-analyses provide the highest level of evidence to help inform policy and practice, yet their rigorous nature is associated with significant time and economic demands. The screening of titles and abstracts is the most time consuming part of the review process with analysts required review thousands of articles manually, taking on average 33 days. New technologies aimed at streamlining the screening process have provided initial promising findings, yet there are limitations with current approaches and barriers to the widespread use of these tools. In this paper, we introduce and report initial evidence on the utility of Research Screener, a semi-automated machine learning tool to facilitate abstract screening. METHODS Three sets of analyses (simulation, interactive and sensitivity) were conducted to provide evidence of the utility of the tool through both simulated and real-world examples. RESULTS Research Screener delivered a workload saving of between 60 and 96% across nine systematic reviews and two scoping reviews. Findings from the real-world interactive analysis demonstrated a time saving of 12.53 days compared to the manual screening, which equates to a financial saving of USD 2444. Conservatively, our results suggest that analysts who scan 50% of the total pool of articles identified via a systematic search are highly likely to have identified 100% of eligible papers. CONCLUSIONS In light of these findings, Research Screener is able to reduce the burden for researchers wishing to conduct a comprehensive systematic review without reducing the scientific rigour for which they strive to achieve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin E K Chai
- Curtin Institute for Computation, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Robin L J Lines
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Leo Ng
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
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Zabatiero J, Smith A, Gucciardi DF, Hamdorf Am JM, Taylor SF, Hill K. Patterns of Change in Device-Based Physical Activity and Sedentary Time Following Bariatric Surgery: a Longitudinal Observational Study. Obes Surg 2021; 31:3015-3025. [PMID: 33712935 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-021-05337-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to investigate changes in physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST) over 12 months following bariatric surgery. METHODS Pre-surgery and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post-surgery, wearable devices were used to measure PA at different intensities, grouped according to energy expenditure and daily step count, and ST. Measures were also collected of weight and self-efficacy for exercise. Pre- and 12 months post-surgery, measures were collected of body composition and cardiovascular fitness. RESULTS Thirty adults scheduled for bariatric surgery were recruited (20 females, 44.1 [range, 22.0 to 65.0] years, body mass index 39.6 [range, 30.9 to 50.9] kg/m2). When compared to pre-surgery measures, over the 12 months post-surgery, there were no changes in the percentage of waking hours (mean [95% CI]) spent in ST (- 2% [- 6 to 3]), light intensity PA (1% [- 3 to 5]), and moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (1% [- 1 to 3]). At all time points, participants spent most (> 70%) of their waking hours accumulating ST, with little time spent in light intensity PA (~ 21%) and almost no time in moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (~ 5%). Step count and cardiovascular fitness were also unchanged. There were significant changes in weight, self-efficacy for exercise, and body composition. CONCLUSIONS Although bariatric surgery resulted in substantial weight loss and improved self-efficacy for exercise, it was insufficient to effect change in PA, ST or cardiovascular fitness. Complementing surgical intervention with behavioral interventions may optimize change in PA and ST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Zabatiero
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia.
| | - Anne Smith
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Daniel F Gucciardi
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Jeffrey M Hamdorf Am
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Western Surgical Health, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Susan F Taylor
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Western Surgical Health, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Kylie Hill
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia.,Institute for Respiratory Health, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
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26
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Falon SL, Karin E, Boga D, Gucciardi DF, Griffin B, Crane MF. A clustered-randomized controlled trial of a self-reflection resilience-strengthening intervention and novel mediators. J Occup Health Psychol 2021; 26:1-19. [PMID: 33411545 DOI: 10.1037/ocp0000268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study tests the efficacy of a unique resilience-strengthening intervention using a clustered-randomized controlled trial. It was hypothesized that the training, which encourages adaptive self-reflection on stressor events and the effectiveness of coping strategies and resources, would exert a positive effect on mental health outcomes via increased reflection and decreased brooding. The trial was conducted during a significant stressor period with a final sample of 204 second-class Officer Cadets from the Royal Military College, Australia. Platoons of Cadets were randomly allocated to either Self-Reflection Resilience Training (SRT; n = 96) or an exposure-matched active control group that received training as usual (i.e., cognitive-behavioral skill development training) and communication skills seminars (n = 108). Compared to the active control group, SRT was more effective at preventing the onset of depression symptoms and promoting stable levels of perceived stress during a period of increased exposure to training stressors, consistent with a resilient trajectory. The Self-Reflection group unexpectedly demonstrated higher anxiety symptoms than the Control group at immediate follow-up, but these symptoms returned to baseline levels at longer term follow-up. In contrast, the Control group experienced increasing anxiety symptoms between immediate and longer term follow-up. Mediation analyses supported an indirect effect of SRT on all three outcome measures via brooding, but not via reflection. This study provides support for the capacity of a practical, sustainable, and scalable intervention based on self-reflection to strengthen resilience in the military training setting. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eyal Karin
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University
| | - Danny Boga
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University
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Johnson RW, Williams SA, Gucciardi DF, Bear N, Gibson N. Can an online exercise prescription tool improve adherence to home exercise programmes in children with cerebral palsy and other neurodevelopmental disabilities? A randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e040108. [PMID: 33371023 PMCID: PMC7757494 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determine the adherence to and effectiveness of an 8-week home exercise programme for children with disabilities delivered using Physitrack, an online exercise prescription tool, compared with traditional paper-based methods. DESIGN Single-blinded, parallel-groups, randomised controlled trial (RCT). SETTING Intervention took place in participants' homes in Western Australia. PARTICIPANTS Children aged 6 to 17 years, with neurodevelopmental disabilities including cerebral palsy (CP), receiving community therapy services. INTERVENTION All participants completed an individualised home exercise programme, which was delivered to the intervention group using Physitrack and conventional paper-based methods for the control group. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES Adherence to exercise programme, goal achievement and exercise performance. SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Enjoyment, confidence and usability of Physitrack. RESULTS Fifty-four participants with CP (n=37) or other neurodevelopmental disabilities (n=17) were recruited. Fifty-three were randomised after one early withdrawal. Forty-six completed the 8-week programme, with 24 in the intervention group and 22 in the control group. There was no difference between the two groups for percentage of exercises completed (intervention (n=22): 62.8% (SD 27.7), control (n=22): 55.8% (SD 19.4), between group mean difference -7.0% (95% CI: -21.6 to 7.5, p=0.34)). Both groups showed significant improvement in their self-rated performance of individualised goal activities, however there was no statistically significant difference between groups for goal achievement, quality of exercise performance, enjoyment, confidence or preferred method of delivery. There were no adverse events. CONCLUSION Physitrack provides a therapist with a new means of providing an exercise programme with online tools such as exercise videos, but our preliminary findings indicate that it may be no better than a traditional paper-based method for improving exercise adherence or the other outcomes measured. Exercise programmes remain an intervention supported by evidence, but a larger RCT is required to fully evaluate online delivery methods. TRIAL REGISTRATION DETAILS Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry; ACTRN12616000743460.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowan W Johnson
- Therapy Services, Ability Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sian A Williams
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Daniel F Gucciardi
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Natasha Bear
- Institute of Health Research, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Noula Gibson
- Therapy Services, Ability Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Hug S, Cavalheri V, Gucciardi DF, Norman R, Hill K. OPTImising the implementation of pulMonary rehAbiLitation in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (the OPTIMAL study): mixed methods study protocol. BMC Pulm Med 2020; 20:286. [PMID: 33138804 PMCID: PMC7607703 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-020-01322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common respiratory condition characterised by dyspnoea during daily life. As the disease progresses, people with COPD can experience poor quality of life, reduced exercise capacity, worsening of symptoms and increased hospital admissions. Pulmonary rehabilitation, which includes exercise training, optimises both psychological and physical function, reduces symptoms and mitigates healthcare utilisation in people with COPD. There is, however, a gap in implementation of pulmonary rehabilitation programs, with global access limited to a small fraction of people with COPD. The overall aim of this study is to gather evidence that will optimise the implementation of pulmonary rehabilitation in people with COPD living in Perth, Western Australia. METHODS This is a mixed methods study protocol informed by a critical realist perspective. The study will comprise four phases. In Phase 1, we will quantify target behaviours of healthcare professionals and people with COPD which are related to the implementation of pulmonary rehabilitation at three tertiary hospitals. In Phase 2, we will conduct semi-structured interviews to explore the determinants of these target behaviours from the perspectives of healthcare professionals, people with COPD and their primary support person. In Phase 3, knowledge gained in Phases 1 and 2 will be used by healthcare professionals and people with COPD to co-create, field test and apply strategies that optimise these target behaviours. In Phase 4, we will re-quantify these target behaviours to determine the influence of co-created strategies. The cost effectiveness of implementing the co-created strategies will be explored by an economic analysis. DISCUSSION Understanding current clinical practice and the determinants of target behaviours pertaining to the implementation of pulmonary rehabilitation is crucial when developing strategies that successfully bridge the pulmonary rehabilitation implementation gap. If co-created strategies are effective, more people with COPD living in Perth, Western Australia will have access to pulmonary rehabilitation enabling them to derive the health benefits associated with this intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hug
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Physiotherapy Department, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Vinicius Cavalheri
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Allied Health, South Metropolitan Health Service, Perth, Australia
- Institute for Respiratory Health, Perth, Australia
| | - Daniel F Gucciardi
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Richard Norman
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Kylie Hill
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
- Institute for Respiratory Health, Perth, Australia.
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Ntoumanis N, Quested E, Patterson L, Kaffe S, Backhouse SH, Pavlidis G, Whitaker L, Barkoukis V, Smith BJ, Staff HR, Gucciardi DF. An intervention to optimise coach-created motivational climates and reduce athlete willingness to dope (CoachMADE): a three-country cluster randomised controlled trial. Br J Sports Med 2020; 55:213-219. [PMID: 32917672 PMCID: PMC7873414 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-101963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Coach-centred antidoping education is scarce. We tested the efficacy of a motivationally informed antidoping intervention for coaches, with their athletes’ willingness to dope as the primary outcome. Methods We delivered a cluster randomised controlled trial in Australia, the UK and Greece. This study was a parallel group, two-condition, superiority trial. Participants were 130 coaches and 919 athletes. Coaches in the intervention group attended two workshops and received supplementary information to support them in adopting a motivationally supportive communication style when discussing doping-related issues with their athletes. Coaches in the control condition attended a standard antidoping workshop that provided up-to-date information on antidoping issues yet excluded any motivation-related content. Assessments of willingness to dope (primary outcome) and other secondary outcomes were taken at baseline, postintervention (3 months) and at a 2-month follow up. Results Compared with athletes in the control group, athletes in the intervention group reported greater reductions in willingness to take prohibited substances (effect size g=0.17) and psychological need frustration (g=0.23) at postintervention, and greater increases in antidoping knowledge (g=0.27) at follow-up. Coaches in the intervention group reported at postintervention greater increases in efficacy to create an antidoping culture (g=0.40) and in perceived effectiveness of need supporting behaviours (g=0.45) to deal with doping-related situations. They also reported greater decreases in doping attitudes (g=0.24) and perceived effectiveness of need thwarting behaviours (g=0.35). Conclusions Antidoping education programmes should consider incorporating principles of motivation, as these could be beneficial to coaches and their athletes. We offer suggestions to strengthen these programmes, as most of the effects we observed were not sustained at follow-up. Trial registration number This trial has been registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=371465&isReview=true).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Ntoumanis
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Eleanor Quested
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Laurie Patterson
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Stella Kaffe
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Susan H Backhouse
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - George Pavlidis
- Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | | | - Vassilis Barkoukis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Brendan J Smith
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Helen R Staff
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Daniel F Gucciardi
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Cropley B, Baldock L, Hanton S, Gucciardi DF, McKay A, Neil R, Williams T. A Multi-Study Exploration of Factors That Optimize Hardiness in Sport Coaches and the Role of Reflective Practice in Facilitating Hardy Attitudes. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1823. [PMID: 32903676 PMCID: PMC7438814 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hardiness has been identified as a key personal characteristic that may moderate the ill-effects of stress on health and performance. However, little is known about how hardiness might be developed, particularly in sport coaches. To systematically address this gap, we present two linked studies. First, interviews were conducted with pre-determined high-hardy, elite coaches (n = 13) to explore how they had developed their hardy dispositions through the associated attitudinal sub-components of control, commitment, and challenge. Utilizing thematic analysis, we identified that hardiness was developed through experiential learning, external support, and the use of specific coping mechanisms. Key to all of these themes was the concept of reflective practice, which was thought to facilitate more meaningful learning from the participants' experiences and, subsequently, enhance the self-awareness and insight required to augment hardiness and its sub-components. To investigate further the potential relationship between coaches' reflective practices and their level of hardiness, we conducted a follow-up study. Specifically, a sample of 402 sports coaches completed the Dispositional Resilience Scale-15, the Self-Reflection and Insight Scale, and the Questionnaire for Reflective Thinking. Using latent profile analysis (LPA), we clustered participants into groups based on their reflective profiles (e.g., type of engagement, level of reflective thinking). We then examined differences in hardiness between the five latent sub-groups using multinomial regression. Findings revealed that the sub-group of highly engaged, intentionally critical reflective thinkers reported significantly higher levels of all three hardiness sub-components than all other sub-groups; these effect sizes were typically moderate-to-large in magnitude (standardized mean differences = -1.50 to -0.10). Conversely, the profile of highly disengaged, non-reflective, habitual actors reported the lowest level of all three dimensions. Collectively, our findings offer novel insights into the potential factors that may influence a coaches' level of hardiness. We provide particular support for the importance of reflective practice as a meta-cognitive strategy that helps coaches to develop hardy dispositions through augmenting its attitudinal sub-components. Consequently, our research makes a significant contribution by providing a comprehensive insight into how we might better train and support coaches to demonstrate the adaptive qualities required to thrive in demanding situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Cropley
- School of Health, Sport and Professional Practice, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, United Kingdom
| | - Lee Baldock
- School of Health, Sport and Professional Practice, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, United Kingdom
| | - Sheldon Hanton
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel F Gucciardi
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alan McKay
- School of Health, Sport and Professional Practice, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, United Kingdom
| | - Rich Neil
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Williams
- School of Health, Sport and Professional Practice, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, United Kingdom
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31
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Lines RLJ, Ducker KJ, Ntoumanis N, Thøgersen-Ntoumani C, Fletcher D, McGarry S, Gucciardi DF. Stress, physical activity, and resilience resources: Tests of direct and moderation effects in young adults. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1037/spy0000152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kwasnicka D, Ntoumanis N, Hunt K, Gray CM, Newton RU, Gucciardi DF, Thøgersen-Ntoumani C, Olson JL, McVeigh J, Kerr DA, Wyke S, Morgan PJ, Robinson S, Makate M, Quested E. A gender-sensitised weight-loss and healthy living program for men with overweight and obesity in Australian Football League settings (Aussie-FIT): A pilot randomised controlled trial. PLoS Med 2020; 17:e1003136. [PMID: 32760144 PMCID: PMC7410214 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence shows that sport settings can act as a powerful draw to engage men in weight loss. The primary objective of this pilot study was to test the feasibility of delivering and to evaluate preliminary efficacy of Aussie-FIT, a weight-loss program for men with overweight/obesity delivered in Australian Football League (AFL) settings, in preparation for a future definitive trial. METHODS AND FINDINGS This 6-month pilot trial took place in Perth, Australia. Participants were overweight/obese (Body Mass Index [BMI] ≥ 28 kg/m2), middle-aged (35-65 years old) men. Participants were recruited in May 2018, and the intervention took place between June and December 2018. The intervention involved 12 weekly 90-min face-to-face sessions, incorporating physical activity, nutrition, and behaviour change information and practical activities delivered by coaches at 2 clubs. Data were collected at baseline and immediately postintervention. For trial feasibility purposes, 6-month follow-ups were completed. Outcomes were differences in weight loss (primary outcome) and recruitment and retention rates, self-reported measures (for example, psychological well-being), device-measured physical activity, waist size, and blood pressure at 3 months. Within 3 days of advertising at each club, 426 men registered interest; 306 (72%) were eligible. Men were selected on a first-come first-served basis (n = 130; M age = 45.8, SD = 8; M BMI = 34.48 kg/m2, SD = 4.87) and randomised by a blinded researcher. Trial retention was 86% and 63% at 3- and 6-month follow-ups (respectively). No adverse events were reported. At 3 months, mean difference in weight between groups, adjusted for baseline weight and group, was 3.3 kg (95% CI 1.9, 4.8) in favour of the intervention group (p < 0.001). The intervention group's moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was higher than the control group by 8.54 min/day (95% CI 1.37, 15.71, p = 0.02). MVPA among men attracted to Aussie-FIT was high at baseline (intervention arm 35.61 min/day, control arm 38.38 min/day), which may have limited the scope for improvement. CONCLUSIONS Aussie-FIT was feasible to deliver; participants increased physical activity, decreased weight, and reported improvements in other outcomes. Issues with retention were a limitation of this trial. In a future, fully powered randomised controlled trial (RCT), retention could be improved by conducting assessments outside of holiday seasons. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12617000515392.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Kwasnicka
- Physical Activity and Well-being Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Nikos Ntoumanis
- Physical Activity and Well-being Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Kate Hunt
- Physical Activity and Well-being Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Cindy M. Gray
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Robert U. Newton
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Daniel F. Gucciardi
- Physical Activity and Well-being Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Cecilie Thøgersen-Ntoumani
- Physical Activity and Well-being Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Jenny L. Olson
- Physical Activity and Well-being Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Joanne McVeigh
- Physical Activity and Well-being Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- School of Occupational Therapy, Speech Therapy & Social Work, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Movement Physiology Laboratory, School of Physiology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Deborah A. Kerr
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Sally Wyke
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J. Morgan
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | | | - Marshall Makate
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Eleanor Quested
- Physical Activity and Well-being Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Brooke LE, Gucciardi DF, Ntoumanis N, Lin A. Qualitative investigation of perceived barriers to and enablers of sport participation for young people with first episode psychosis. Early Interv Psychiatry 2020; 14:293-306. [PMID: 31270957 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim and objective of the study was building on a previous call for the development of sport-based life skills interventions for young people with first episode of psychosis (FEP) (Brooke, Lin, Ntoumanis, & Gucciardi, 2018), to explore the barriers and enablers to sport participation for young people with FEP. METHOD We used a semi-structured interview format to conduct one-to-one interviews with young people (aged 16-25; n = 10) with FEP, and one-to-one interviews and focus groups with their clinicians (n = 33). Questions focused on barriers and facilitators (intrapersonal, interpersonal, psychological, environment, health/safety, logistical) to sport participation young people with FEP. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. RESULTS Four themes (and 11 sub-themes) emerged from the analysis: (a) the need for sport in FEP recovery (perceived benefits; resource gap); (b) barriers (logistical; psychological); (c) enablers (positive environmental expectations and experiences) and (d) programme design (sport programme/type; life skills training; application to barriers/enablers). CONCLUSION The participants responded favourably to the idea of using sport to promote recovery post-FEP, and provided an insight into why sport is currently underutilized within FEP recovery efforts. The barriers, enablers, and specific suggestions for how to limit the barriers and strengthen the enablers are valuable for sport-based intervention design, and may be applicable to non-sport-based interventions for people with FEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Brooke
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA.,Physical Activity and Well-being Lab, Curtin University, Perth, WA
| | - Daniel F Gucciardi
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA.,Physical Activity and Well-being Lab, Curtin University, Perth, WA
| | - Nikos Ntoumanis
- Physical Activity and Well-being Lab, Curtin University, Perth, WA.,School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, WA
| | - Ashleigh Lin
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA
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Reubenson A, Ng L, Gucciardi DF. The Assessment of Physiotherapy Practice tool provides informative assessments of clinical and professional dimensions of student performance in undergraduate placements: a longitudinal validity and reliability study. J Physiother 2020; 66:113-119. [PMID: 32291213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphys.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
QUESTIONS Do one or two factors best represent clinical performance scores obtained via the Assessment of Physiotherapy Practice (APP) and what is the nature of their characterisation? To what extent are the same number of factors and their interpretation, and item scaling captured equally over time and across contexts (eg, clinical subdisciplines) for assessments of clinical performance via the APP? DESIGN Archival and longitudinal study of undergraduate students' clinical performances for each of four final-year clinical placements. PARTICIPANTS A total of 561 undergraduate physiotherapy students from one Australian university who were enrolled to complete their final-year clinical placements between 2014 and 2017. OUTCOME MEASURES Clinical educators' assessments of student performance across seven key domains of clinical practice: professional behaviour, communication, assessment, analysis and planning, intervention, evidence-based practice and risk management. RESULTS Factor analyses supported the superiority of a two-factor representation of the APP, including dimensions characterised by professional and clinical domains, when compared with a unidimensional structure of an overarching 'clinical performance' factor. It was also found that the two-factor representation and item scaling was consistent across four clinical placements covering typical areas of physiotherapy practice. In other words, the same constructs are being assessed equally well across context and time. CONCLUSIONS The APP is the nationally adopted assessment tool that is used to evaluate clinical competence to practise as a physiotherapist in Australia and New Zealand. These findings provide new evidence for an updated scoring protocol in which clinical factors are distinguished from professional competencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Reubenson
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
| | - Leo Ng
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Daniel F Gucciardi
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia; Physical Activity and Well-being Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Lines RLJ, Ntoumanis N, Thøgersen-Ntoumani C, McVeigh JA, Ducker KJ, Fletcher D, Gucciardi DF. Cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons of self-reported and device-assessed physical activity and sedentary behaviour. J Sci Med Sport 2020; 23:831-835. [PMID: 32312612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the longitudinal associations and differences between self-reported and device-assessed physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB), using a multifaceted statistical approach. DESIGN Longitudinal measurement burst. METHODS In total, 52 university students (78% female) aged 18-38 years (mean=21.94±4.57 years) participated. The study consisted of three blocks of six days of measurement, during which participants wore an accelerometer on their wrist for the entire block, and self-reported their PA over the 6 days at the end of each block. RESULTS Meaningful latent differences between methods were observed for moderate PA and SB across all three assessment periods, such that participants underreported the time spent in each activity. Bland-Altman plots revealed a positive mean difference for vigorous PA, with over-reporting increasing as mean levels increased. Negative mean differences were observed for all other intensities. Underreporting of moderate PA increased as the mean level increased, whereas for light PA and SB, underreporting decreased at high levels. Repeated measures correlations revealed a meaningful association for vigorous PA only, suggesting that as self-reported minutes increase so too do device-measured minutes. CONCLUSIONS We found evidence of cross-sectional and longitudinal differences and weak associations between self-reported and device-assessed PA and SB. Future work is needed to enhance the quality of self-reported methods to assess PA and SB (e.g., face and content validity), and consider improvements to the processing of device-based data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin L J Lines
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Australia; Physical Activity and Well-Being Research Group, Curtin University, Australia.
| | - Nikos Ntoumanis
- Physical Activity and Well-Being Research Group, Curtin University, Australia; School of Psychology, Curtin University, Australia
| | - Cecilie Thøgersen-Ntoumani
- Physical Activity and Well-Being Research Group, Curtin University, Australia; School of Psychology, Curtin University, Australia
| | - Joanne A McVeigh
- Physical Activity and Well-Being Research Group, Curtin University, Australia; School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work, and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Australia; Movement Physiology Laboratory, School of Physiology, University of Witwatersrand, South Africa
| | - Kagan J Ducker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Australia
| | - David Fletcher
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel F Gucciardi
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Australia; Physical Activity and Well-Being Research Group, Curtin University, Australia
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Abstract
Abstract. Adaptive motivation is central to positive functioning. Social agents such as teachers play a significant role in shaping the motivation of people with whom they interact by satisfying or thwarting their psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. The development and validation of tools that assess the types of behaviors social agents adopt to satisfy these psychological needs are important agenda items for substantive and applied researchers. In this study, we examined factorial and convergent validity evidence of a need support scale adapted from the physical education context for use in tertiary settings with health science students. Factor analyses of responses from 290 health science students indicated that need-supportive behaviors are best captured by one latent factor, rather than the a priori 4-factor structure designed to capture needs for autonomy, relatedness, and competence. Regression analyses supported the convergent validity of the unidimensional structure, such that students who perceived higher levels of need-supportive behaviors from their tutor reported higher levels of behavioral engagement, and experiences of vitality and learning. Validation of a scale that assesses need-supportive behaviors within a health science context provides researchers with a tool to employ in future research that aims to investigate the antecedents and outcomes of such behaviors, as well as the effects of interventions designed to equip educators with the skills, motivation, and knowledge to employ successfully such behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F. Gucciardi
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Joseph Chen Weixian
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - William Gibson
- School of Physiotherapy, The University of Notre Dame, Australia
| | - Nikos Ntoumanis
- School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Leo Ng
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Thøgersen-Ntoumani C, Quested E, Smith BS, Nicholas J, McVeigh J, Fenton SAM, Stamatakis E, Parker S, Pereira G, Gucciardi DF, Ntoumanis N. Feasibility and preliminary effects of a peer-led motivationally-embellished workplace walking intervention: A pilot cluster randomized trial (the START trial). Contemp Clin Trials 2020; 91:105969. [PMID: 32114186 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2020.105969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Walking interventions can be effective in increasing physical activity amongst physically inactive employees. However, despite their promising potential regarding sustainability and scalability, peer-led workplace walking interventions have not been tested. We evaluated a peer-led workplace group walking intervention designed to engage physically inactive employees. A 16-week pilot cluster randomized controlled trial consisted of enhanced (5 worksites; n = 50 participants) and minimal treatment (3 worksites; n = 47) conditions. All participants were provided with a Fitbit Zip and information on health benefits of walking. Enhanced treatment participants had access to a mobile phone app incorporating behavior change techniques, were trained on principles of autonomous motivation, and had a peer leader trained in a motivationally supportive communication style. Feasibility assessments included recruitment and drop-out rates, assessment completion rates, training acceptability (walkers and peer leaders), and intervention acceptability (walkers only). Outcomes assessed included movement-related behaviors (assessed via activPAL devices), cardio-metabolic risk factors, motivation to walk, and well-being, and these measures were taken at baseline and post-intervention. The results supported intervention feasibility. Preliminary efficacy evidence was mixed. Markers of cardio-metabolic risk improved in the enhanced treatment only. Autonomous motivation increased in both conditions. There were no changes in step counts, standing, and sitting time, or well-being. Further fine tuning is needed before a definitive RCT. Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12618000807257.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Thøgersen-Ntoumani
- Physical Activity and Well-Being Research Group, School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
| | - E Quested
- Physical Activity and Well-Being Research Group, School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - B S Smith
- Physical Activity and Well-Being Research Group, School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - J Nicholas
- Physical Activity and Well-Being Research Group, School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - J McVeigh
- School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - S A M Fenton
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, England
| | - E Stamatakis
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - S Parker
- Centre for Transformative Work Design, Future of Work Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - G Pereira
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - D F Gucciardi
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - N Ntoumanis
- Physical Activity and Well-Being Research Group, School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Abstract
The primary aim of this research was to generate insight into observable mentally tough behaviours, or MTb, across different contexts (e.g., training and competition) in an Australian football (AF) environment. A second aim of this research was to explore the utility of MTb as a distinct concept, and identify common behavioural qualities associated with MTb that separate it from other similar constructs. In total, 10 experienced full-time football operations staff were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide, with inductive thematic analysis employed to analyse the data. Five main themes relating to MTb were identified: adaptive development, consistent training conduct, composed performance actions, responsible and accountable, and team supportive. Overall, the findings of the research provided preliminary support for the proposition that there exists a collection of MTb that are displayed more frequently by athletes considered to possess high levels of mental toughness compared to athletes who are perceived to have low levels of this psychological capacity. We propose a collection of necessary and sufficient behavioural qualities and a working definition of MTb to further our understanding of potential strategies to develop MT.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Anthony
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Sandy Gordon
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Daniel F Gucciardi
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Physical Activity and Well-Being Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Ducker KJ, Lines RL, Chapman MT, Peeling P, McKay AK, Gucciardi DF. Validity and reliability evidence of a point of care assessment of salivary cortisol and α-amylase: a pre-registered study. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8366. [PMID: 31938581 PMCID: PMC6954686 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The iPro Cube is a small portable point-of-care device designed to analyse salivary markers of stress in a user-friendly manner (e.g., fast, convenient). Our aim was to test the reliability and validity of the iPro Cube to measure salivary cortisol and α-amylase as compared to the common laboratory standard method (ELISA immunoassay) prior to and after moderate intensity exercise. METHODS The study was a repeated measures, pre-registered design, and statistical framework that incorporated prior knowledge directly into the estimation process. Twenty-nine individuals (age = 27.4 ± 6.6 y; body-mass = 70.8 ± 11.3 kg; height = 1.74 ± 0.92 m; 18 males) completed a single PWC75%HRmax, with repeated measures of salivary cortisol and -amylase pre, immediately post, and 30 min post-exercise. RESULTS Correlation between the iPro Cube and laboratory-based assessments of salivary cortisol was moderate-to-large (0.53 > r < 0.81) across all three testing points. In contrast, correlation between the iPro Cube and laboratory-based assessments of -amylase was small-to-moderate (0.25 > r < 0.46). We found a large correlation between duplicate samples of iPro Cube cortisol assessment (0.75 > r < 0.82), and a moderate-to-large correlation for -amylase (0.51> r < 0.77). CONCLUSIONS The iPro Cube is capable of taking measures of salivary cortisol that are moderately correlated to values obtained via ELISA immunoassay, however the unit underestimates salivary cortisol and overestimates salivary -amylase at rest and post-moderate intensity exercise. It is recommended that researchers continue using standard laboratory techniques to assess these salivary stress markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kagan J. Ducker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Robin L.J. Lines
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael T. Chapman
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter Peeling
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alannah K.A. McKay
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Australian Institute of Sport, Belconnen, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Daniel F. Gucciardi
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Sawyer A, Lewthwaite H, Gucciardi DF, Hill K, Jenkins S, Cavalheri V. Behaviour change techniques to optimise participation in physical activity or exercise in adolescents and young adults with chronic cardiorespiratory conditions: a systematic review. Intern Med J 2019; 49:1209-1220. [DOI: 10.1111/imj.14141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abbey Sawyer
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health ScienceCurtin University Perth Western Australia Australia
- Physiotherapy DepartmentSir Charles Gairdner Hospital Perth Western Australia Australia
- Institute for Respiratory Health Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Hayley Lewthwaite
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, School of Health ScienceUniversity of South Australia Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Daniel F. Gucciardi
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health ScienceCurtin University Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Kylie Hill
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health ScienceCurtin University Perth Western Australia Australia
- Institute for Respiratory Health Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Sue Jenkins
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health ScienceCurtin University Perth Western Australia Australia
- Physiotherapy DepartmentSir Charles Gairdner Hospital Perth Western Australia Australia
- Institute for Respiratory Health Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Vinicius Cavalheri
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health ScienceCurtin University Perth Western Australia Australia
- Institute for Respiratory Health Perth Western Australia Australia
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Crane MF, Rapport F, Callen J, Boga D, Gucciardi DF, Sinclair L. Military police investigator perspectives of a new self-reflective approach to strengthening resilience: A qualitative study. Military Psychology 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/08995605.2019.1645537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monique F. Crane
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Frances Rapport
- Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joanne Callen
- Centre for Health Systems and Safety Research, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Danny Boga
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- Directorate of Occupational Psychology, Commonwealth Department of Defence, Canberra, Australia
| | - Daniel F. Gucciardi
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Laura Sinclair
- Directorate of Strategic and Operational Mental Health, Commonwealth Department of Defence, Canberra, Australia
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Hagger MS, Gucciardi DF, Turrell AS, Hamilton K. Self‐control and health‐related behaviour: The role of implicit self‐control, trait self‐control, and lay beliefs in self‐control. Br J Health Psychol 2019; 24:764-786. [DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin S. Hagger
- Psychological Sciences and Health Sciences Research Institute University of California Merced California USA
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyvaskyla Jyvaskyla Finland
- School of Applied Psychology Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University Mt. Gravatt Queensland Australia
- School of Psychology Curtin University Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Daniel F. Gucciardi
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science Curtin University Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Amelia S. Turrell
- School of Psychology Curtin University Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Kyra Hamilton
- School of Applied Psychology Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University Mt. Gravatt Queensland Australia
- School of Psychology Curtin University Perth Western Australia Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilis Barkoukis
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Lauren Brooke
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Brett Smith
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Daniel F. Gucciardi
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Boardley ID, Smith AL, Ntoumanis N, Gucciardi DF, Harris TS. Perceptions of coach doping confrontation efficacy and athlete susceptibility to intentional and inadvertent doping. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 29:1647-1654. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian D. Boardley
- School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
| | - Alan L. Smith
- Department of Kinesiology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - Nikos Ntoumanis
- School of Psychology Curtin University Perth Western Australia Australia
- Physical Activity and Well‐Being Lab Curtin University Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Daniel F. Gucciardi
- Physical Activity and Well‐Being Lab Curtin University Perth Western Australia Australia
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science Curtin University Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Tyler S. Harris
- Department of Kinesiology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
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Brooke LE, Lin A, Ntoumanis N, Gucciardi DF. Is sport an untapped resource for recovery from first episode psychosis? A narrative review and call to action. Early Interv Psychiatry 2019; 13:358-368. [PMID: 30039635 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AIM The objective of this narrative review is to address the question: Should sport-based life skills interventions be developed for young people recovering from first episode psychosis? METHODS A prose was developed through a broad, critical narrative review of literatures on (1) first episode psychosis recovery (FEP); and (2) life skills and sport, highlighting the conceptual (and limited empirical) links between the two. This style of review allowed for a critical examination of evidence from seemingly distinct literatures to address a question yet to be explored empirically. RESULTS The review process highlighted important overlaps between psychosis recovery and sport. A review of the FEP recovery literature reveals that important components of an individual's recovery following a psychotic episode are: (1) physical activity, (2) opportunities to build life skills, and (3) social connectivity. A review of the sport and life skills literature suggests that sport can be a powerful platform from which to: (1) promote physical activity, (2) teach life skills, and (3) foster social connectivity within vulnerable populations. Despite the clear links between the two fields, mental health interventions that combine both life skills training components and physical activity in a context that promotes social connectivity are scarce to none. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that sport-based interventions could be an opportunity to provide life skills training, social connectivity and physical activity opportunities in one intervention to individuals recovering from their first psychotic episode. We call for their development, and provide empirically-based recommendations for intervention design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Brooke
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Lin
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nikos Ntoumanis
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Daniel F Gucciardi
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Lines RLJ, Crane M, Ducker KJ, Ntoumanis N, Thøgersen-Ntoumani C, Fletcher D, Gucciardi DF. Profiles of adversity and resilience resources: A latent class analysis of two samples. Br J Psychol 2019; 111:174-199. [PMID: 30932182 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Adversities refer to events that are characterized by perceived or actual threat to human functioning. Often considered deleterious for health and well-being, recent work supports an alternative picture of the effects of adversity on human functioning, such that a moderate amount of adversity - when compared with none or high levels - can be beneficial. We extend this body of work in the current study by considering the breadth or type of adversities experienced simultaneously (referred to as polyadversity), with a focus on individual profiles of lifetime adversities. Latent class analysis was employed to explore different configurations of lifetime adversity experiences in two independent samples and examine how these latent classes differed with regard to resilience resources (i.e., optimism, hope, self-efficacy, and bounce-back ability). University students (N = 348) and members from the broader community (N = 1,506) completed measures of lifetime adversity exposure and resilience resources. Three polyadversity classes were revealed in each sample, with both producing a high and a low polyadversity class. The third class differed between samples; in the student sample, this class represented experiences of vicarious adversity, whereas in the community sample, it represented moderate levels of exposure to adversity. Support for the adaptive nature of a moderate amount of adversity exposure was found in the community sample but not in the student sample. This study produces initial evidence of how lifetime adversity experiences group together and how class membership is related to resilience resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin L J Lines
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Physical Activity and Well-Being Lab, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Monique Crane
- School of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kagan J Ducker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nikos Ntoumanis
- Physical Activity and Well-Being Lab, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Cecilie Thøgersen-Ntoumani
- Physical Activity and Well-Being Lab, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David Fletcher
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Daniel F Gucciardi
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Physical Activity and Well-Being Lab, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Crane MF, Boga D, Karin E, Gucciardi DF, Rapport F, Callen J, Sinclair L. Strengthening resilience in military officer cadets: A group-randomized controlled trial of coping and emotion regulatory self-reflection training. J Consult Clin Psychol 2019; 87:125-140. [DOI: 10.1037/ccp0000356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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48
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Quested E, Kwasnicka D, Thøgersen-Ntoumani C, Gucciardi DF, Kerr DA, Hunt K, Robinson S, Morgan PJ, Newton RU, Gray C, Wyke S, McVeigh J, Malacova E, Ntoumanis N. Protocol for a gender-sensitised weight loss and healthy living programme for overweight and obese men delivered in Australian football league settings (Aussie-FIT): A feasibility and pilot randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e022663. [PMID: 30337315 PMCID: PMC6196804 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Overweight and obesity are highly prevalent among Australian men. Professional sports settings can act as a powerful 'hook' to engage men in weight loss programmes; the Football Fans in Training programme delivered in professional UK soccer clubs was successful and cost-effective in helping men lose weight. The Australian Football League (AFL) is a potentially attractive setting to engage men in a weight loss programme. We aim to develop, pilot and evaluate the feasibility of a weight loss intervention for overweight/obese middle-aged men, delivered in AFL settings, to promote weight loss and healthier lifestyles and determine its suitability for a future randomised control trial. METHODS AND ANALYSIS 120 overweight/obese male fans will complete baseline physical and psychological health measures and objective measures of physical activity (PA), weight, waist size and blood pressure prior to randomisation into the intervention or waitlist comparison group. The intervention group will receive 12 weekly 90 min workshops incorporating PA, nutrition education, behaviour change techniques and principles of effective motivation. Four community coaches will be trained to deliver Aussie-FIT at two AFL clubs in Western Australia. Measurements will be repeated in both groups at 3 months (post-intervention) and 6 months (follow-up). Outcomes will include programme uptake, attendance, changes in lifestyle and weight variables to inform power calculations for a future definitive trial, fidelity of programme delivery, acceptability, satisfaction with the programme and perceptions of effectiveness. We will also determine trial feasibility and potential to gather cost-effectiveness data. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval was granted by Curtin University's Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC2017-0458). Results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and reports. A multicomponent dissemination strategy will include targeted translation and stakeholder engagement events to establish strategies for sustainability and policy change. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12617000515392; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Quested
- Health Psychology & Behavioural Medicine Research Group, School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Dominika Kwasnicka
- Health Psychology & Behavioural Medicine Research Group, School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Cecilie Thøgersen-Ntoumani
- Health Psychology & Behavioural Medicine Research Group, School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Daniel F Gucciardi
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Deborah A Kerr
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kate Hunt
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
- Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Suzanne Robinson
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Philip J Morgan
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert U Newton
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Cindy Gray
- Institute of Health and Well-being, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sally Wyke
- Institute of Health and Well-being, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Joanne McVeigh
- Movement Physiology Laboratory, School of Physiology, University of Witwatersrand, Witwatersrand, South Africa
- School of Occupational Therapy & Social Work, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Eva Malacova
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nikos Ntoumanis
- Health Psychology & Behavioural Medicine Research Group, School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Jones MJ, Dawson B, Gucciardi DF, Eastwood PR, Miller J, Halson SL, Dunican IC, Peeling P. Evening electronic device use and sleep patterns in athletes. J Sports Sci 2018; 37:864-870. [PMID: 30326782 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1531499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate pre-sleep behaviours (including evening electronic device use) and sleep quantity in well-trained athletes. Seventy well-trained athletes (44 females, 26 males) aged 21 ± 4 y from a range of team and individual sports were asked to complete an online sleep diary for 7 days. The sleep diary included questions about pre-sleep behaviours (e.g. napping, caffeine intake), electronic device use in the 2 h prior to bedtime (e.g. type of device and duration of use) and sleep (e.g. time in bed, sleep onset latency). On average, athletes spent 8:20 ± 1:21 h in bed each night. Associations between age, time in bed and sleepiness suggested that younger athletes spent more time in bed (B = -0.05, p = 0.001) but felt sleepier (r = -0.32, p < 0.01) than older athletes. On average, athletes mostly used electronic devices for 0-30 min prior to sleep. The use of multiple devices in the evening was associated with more perceived difficulty in falling asleep (B = 0.22, p = 0.03), but no associations existed with other sleep variables. In summary, younger athletes may require later start times or improved sleep quality to resolve excessive sleepiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddison J Jones
- a School of Human Sciences (Sport Science, Exercise and Health) , The University of Western Australia , Crawley , Australia.,b Western Australian Institute of Sport , High Performance Service Centre , Perth , Australia
| | - Brian Dawson
- a School of Human Sciences (Sport Science, Exercise and Health) , The University of Western Australia , Crawley , Australia
| | - Daniel F Gucciardi
- c School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science , Curtin University , Bentley , Australia
| | - Peter R Eastwood
- d Centre for Sleep Science, School of Human Sciences , The University of Western Australia , Crawley , Australia
| | - Joanna Miller
- e Department of Physiology , Australian Institute of Sport , Canberra , Australia
| | - Shona L Halson
- e Department of Physiology , Australian Institute of Sport , Canberra , Australia
| | - Ian C Dunican
- d Centre for Sleep Science, School of Human Sciences , The University of Western Australia , Crawley , Australia
| | - Peter Peeling
- a School of Human Sciences (Sport Science, Exercise and Health) , The University of Western Australia , Crawley , Australia.,b Western Australian Institute of Sport , High Performance Service Centre , Perth , Australia
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50
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Carr RM, Prestwich A, Kwasnicka D, Thøgersen-Ntoumani C, Gucciardi DF, Quested E, Hall LH, Ntoumanis N. Dyadic interventions to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour: systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Psychol Rev 2018; 13:91-109. [PMID: 30284501 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2018.1532312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Several interventions have targeted dyads to promote physical activity (PA) or reduce sedentary behaviour (SB), but the evidence has not been synthesised. Sixty-nine studies were identified from MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science, and 59 were included in the main meta-analyses (providing 72 independent tests). Intervention details, type of dyadic goal, participant characteristics, and methodological quality were extracted and their impact on the overall effect size was examined. Sensitivity analyses tested effect robustness to (a) the effects of other statistically significant moderators; (b) outliers; (c) data included for participants who were not the main target of the intervention. Dyadic interventions had a small positive, highly heterogeneous, effect on PA g = .203, 95% CI [0.123-0.282], compared to comparison conditions including equivalent interventions targeting individuals. Shared target-oriented goals (where both dyad members hold the same PA goal for the main target of the intervention) and peer/friend dyads were associated with larger effect sizes across most analyses. Dyadic interventions produced a small homogeneous reduction in SB. Given dyadic interventions promote PA over-and-above equivalent interventions targeting individuals, these interventions should be more widespread. However, moderating factors such as the types of PA goal and dyad need to be considered to maximise effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Carr
- a School of Psychology, Curtin University , Perth , Western Australia
| | - A Prestwich
- b School of Psychology, University of Leeds , Leeds , UK
| | - D Kwasnicka
- a School of Psychology, Curtin University , Perth , Western Australia
| | | | - D F Gucciardi
- c School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University , Perth , Western Australia
| | - E Quested
- a School of Psychology, Curtin University , Perth , Western Australia
| | - L H Hall
- b School of Psychology, University of Leeds , Leeds , UK
| | - N Ntoumanis
- a School of Psychology, Curtin University , Perth , Western Australia
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