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Ross AG, McKay MJ, Pappas E, Bhimani N, Peek K. 'Benched' the effect of the COVID-19 lockdown on injury incidence in sub-elite football in Australia: a retrospective population study using injury insurance records. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2024; 8:21-31. [PMID: 36327493 DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2022.2143551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary aim of this study was to compare injury rates pre- and post-COVID-19 lockdown in sub-elite football (soccer) players by analysing the full season and the first month of each season between 2018 and 2020. Secondary aims were to describe the incidence, location and type of injuries and to compare injuries by age group and sex. DESIGN Descriptive epidemiological study. METHODS A de-identified insurance database was retrospectively coded using the Orchard Sports Injury Classification System. Injury incidence per 1000 hours as well as incidence rate ratios (IRR) with confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS No significant difference was found in the overall incidence rate in 2020 compared with the 2018 and 2019 seasons (IRR, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.96-1.13]; p = 0.294). However, overall injuries increased by 26% (IRR: 1.26 [95% CI 1.07-1.47]; p < 0.005) and joint sprains increased by 45% (IRR: 1.45 [95% CI 1.14-1.84]; p < 0.005) in the first month of 2020 compared with 2018-2019. Between 2018 and 2020, there were 4149 injury insurance claims, with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures accounting for 19% of all injuries. When comparing sex, female players had significantly more ankle sprains whilst male players suffered more dental injuries. CONCLUSIONS This study adds to a growing body of evidence investigating injury rates post-COVID-19 lockdowns in sport. Sub-elite players appear to be at higher risk of joint injuries within the first month of training following a period of lockdown. Overall, stakeholders involved in sub-elite football should prioritise knee and ankle joint injury prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Ross
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marnee J McKay
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Evangelos Pappas
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medicine and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nazim Bhimani
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgical Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kerry Peek
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Andrade A, D'Oliveira A, Neiva HP, Gaertner G, da Cruz WM. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological aspects and mental health of elite soccer athletes: a systematic review. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1295652. [PMID: 38333426 PMCID: PMC10850388 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1295652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Investigation of the psychological impact on soccer athletes during the pandemic is essential given their unique challenges, including training disruptions and competition postponements. Understanding these effects will allow the development of specific strategies to preserve the mental health and performance of elite athletes, contributing to effective interventions with both short and long-term benefits. Objective To analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological aspects and mental health of elite soccer athletes. Method The review adhered to PRISMA criteria, and the study protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42022341545). Searches were conducted until July 2023 in databases including Cochrane, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science. Only original, peer-reviewed studies in English, Portuguese, or Spanish assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological aspects and mental health of elite soccer athletes were included. Results The search identified 1,055 records and 43 studies were included in this review between 2020 and 2023. In total, the sample included 16,321 soccer athletes of different age groups. Anxiety, depression, mood states, and mental well-being were the most investigated variables. Increased levels of anxiety, depression, and worsening mental well-being were observed in elite soccer athletes. Maintaining fitness during the pandemic showed positive results. Other variables, such as coping, resilience, and sleep quality monitoring, were less widely investigated. Evaluating methodological quality was considered regular for observational and experimental studies. Conclusion The study reveals a negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on elite soccer athletes, considering psychological aspects and their mental health, notably heightened anxiety and depression. Observational methods predominated, showing mood swings linked to individual characteristics and fitness maintenance efforts. Studies with better-designed methodological approaches and controlled experimental interventions are recommended in the future to mitigate the negative effects of the pandemic on soccer players. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?, identifier (CRD42022341545).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandro Andrade
- Health and Sports Science Center – CEFID/Santa Catarina State University–UDESC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Psychology–LAPE, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Anderson D'Oliveira
- Health and Sports Science Center – CEFID/Santa Catarina State University–UDESC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Psychology–LAPE, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Henrique Pereira Neiva
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, Covilhã, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Gaertner
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, Covilhã, Brazil
| | - Whyllerton Mayron da Cruz
- Health and Sports Science Center – CEFID/Santa Catarina State University–UDESC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Psychology–LAPE, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Penna AL, de Aquino CM, Pinheiro MSN, do Nascimento RLF, Farias-Antúnez S, Araújo DABS, Mita C, Machado MMT, Castro MC. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal mental health, early childhood development, and parental practices: a global scoping review. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:388. [PMID: 36823592 PMCID: PMC9950022 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In March 2020, the COVID-19 outbreak was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO), generating stark economic and social repercussions that directly or indirectly affected families' wellbeing and health status. AIMS This review aims at mapping the existing evidence on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal mental health, early childhood development, and parental practices, worldwide, to identify evidence gaps and better inform future delivery of care and health policy measures. METHODS Following the protocol defined by PRISMA-ScR, this scoping review has searched for relevant studies published between January 2020 and June 2021, selecting evidence sources based on pre-established criteria. From a total of 2,308 articles, data were extracted from 537 publications from 35 countries on all three health domains. RESULTS The combined stressors brought forth by the pandemic have exerted a heavy burden on the mental health of mothers and the development of young children, partly mediated by its impact on parental practices. CONCLUSIONS Despite remaining gaps, we have identified sufficient evidence pointing to an urgent need for more concerted global research efforts and rapid policy responses to timely address severe and pervasive negative impacts to the mental health of mothers and children at a key developmental stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza Penna
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA.
| | - Camila Machado de Aquino
- grid.8395.70000 0001 2160 0329Department of Community Health, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | - Simone Farias-Antúnez
- grid.411237.20000 0001 2188 7235Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, Brazil
| | | | - Carol Mita
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XCountway Library, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | | | - Marcia C. Castro
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
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Zhao L, Liu Z, Zhang L. The effect of the perceived social support on mental health of Chinese college soccer players during the COVID-19 lockdown: The chain mediating role of athlete burnout and hopelessness. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1001020. [PMID: 36438322 PMCID: PMC9691843 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1001020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The isolation and blockade during the COVID-19 pandemic have a great impact on the mental health of Chinese college soccer players. This study aimed to explore the effect of perceived social support on mental health of college soccer players, as well as the mediating role of athlete burnout and hopelessness during the COVID-19 lockdown. Based on a sample of 674 college soccer players from several universities in China, the study used the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ) and Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS). The results indicated that: (1) there was a significant positive correlation between perceived social support and mental health of college soccer players; (2) the athlete burnout played a mediating role between perceived social support and mental health of college soccer players; (3) the hopelessness also played a mediating role between perceived social support and mental health of college soccer players; (4) the athlete burnout and hopelessness played a chain mediating role between perceived social support and mental health. These findings could contribute to insight into the mechanisms by which perceived social support affects the mental health of college soccer players and provide important practical guidance for protecting and promoting their mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Liguo Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Trott M, Driscoll R, Irlado E, Pardhan S. Changes and correlates of screen time in adults and children during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 48:101452. [PMID: 35615691 PMCID: PMC9122783 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screen time has increased as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, and several correlates have been associated with these increases. These changes, however, have not been aggregated. It was the aim of this review to (a) aggregate changes in screen time in adults and children, and (b) report on variables in relation to screen time during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A systematic review of major databases was undertaken for studies published from inception to 06/12/2021, using a pre-published protocol (PROSPERO ID: CRD42021261422). Studies reporting (a) screen time pre-versus-during the pandemic, (b) screen time percentage change, or (c) correlates of screen time during the pandemic were included. A random effects meta-analysis was undertaken with subgroup analysis by age group and type of screen time. FINDINGS After review, 89 studies (n = 204,734; median age=20·6; median female=53·3%) were included. The majority of studies were cross-sectional. With regards to total screen time, primary aged children (6-10 years) reported largest increases (1·4 hrs/day; 95%CI 1·1-1·7), followed by adults (>18 years; 1·0 hrs/day; 95%CI 0·7-1·2), adolescents (11-17 years; 0·9 hrs/day; 95%CI 0·3-1·5), and young children (0-5 years; 0·6 hrs/day 95%CI 0·3-0·9 hrs/day). For leisure screen time (non-work/non-academic), primary aged children reported largest increases (1·0 hrs/day 95%CI 0·8-1·3), followed by adults (0·7hr/day 95%CI 0·3-1·2), young children (0·6 hrs/day; 95%CI 0·4-0·8), with adolescents reporting the lowest increase (0·5 hrs/day 95%CI 0·3-0·7). Several correlates were associated with reported increases in screen time, including adverse dietary behaviours, sleep, mental health, parental health, and eye health. INTERPRETATION Pooled evidence suggest that primary aged children reported the highest increase in both total and leisure screen time during COVID-19. It is recommended that screen time should be reduced in favour of non-sedentary activities. This study has the potential to inform public health policy and future guidance regarding screen time, and to inform future research in this area. FUNDING No funding was received for this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Trott
- Vision and Eye Research Institute (VERI), Anglia Ruskin University, Young Street, Cambridge CB1 2LZ, UK
| | - Robin Driscoll
- Vision and Eye Research Institute (VERI), Anglia Ruskin University, Young Street, Cambridge CB1 2LZ, UK
| | - Enrico Irlado
- Vision and Eye Research Institute (VERI), Anglia Ruskin University, Young Street, Cambridge CB1 2LZ, UK
| | - Shahina Pardhan
- Vision and Eye Research Institute (VERI), Anglia Ruskin University, Young Street, Cambridge CB1 2LZ, UK
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The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on professional soccer players' body composition and physical fitness. Biol Sport 2021; 38:733-740. [PMID: 34937985 PMCID: PMC8670810 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2021.109452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 lockdown, professional soccer players ceased their regular team training sessions and were provided with exercise programs to follow independently. This investigation assessed the impact of a 7-week COVID-19 lockdown and home-based individual physical training on professional soccer players’ body composition and physical fitness. The study consisted of nineteen division 1 elite soccer players (age 27.68 ± 5.99 years, height 178.47 ± 5.44 cm) and compared the anthropometric and physical fitness parameters obtained post-transition period to those obtained post-COVID-19 lockdown. The statistical analysis indicated that body fat percentage was significantly higher after the lockdown period [t(18) = -5.59, p < 0.01, d = 0.56]. Furthermore, VO2max [t(17) = -11.54, p < 0.01, d = 0.57] and running time [t(17) = 3.94, p < 0.01, d = 0.76] values were significantly higher after the COVID-19 lockdown than those obtained after the transition period. In addition, significantly higher level of performance was demonstrated on squat jump [t(18) = -4.10, p < 0.01, d = 0.30], countermovement jump [t(18) = -7.43, p < 0.01, d = 1.11] and sit and reach tests [t(19) = -5.33, p < 0.01, d = 0.32]. Concurrently, lower body strength was indicated to be significantly greater (p < 0.01) following the COVID-19 lockdown. The training protocol provided during the confinement, due to the COVID-19 outbreak, was effective in keeping physical fitness at a significantly higher level compared to the transition period. Coaches and trainers are encouraged to examine the effectiveness of this protocol, as it may help them develop effective periodization programs during the transition period. This protocol may aid in the development of effective periodization programs that require minimal equipment and can be followed in similar situations.
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Chang TH, Chen YC, Chen WY, Chen CY, Hsu WY, Chou Y, Chang YH. Weight Gain Associated with COVID-19 Lockdown in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2021; 13:3668. [PMID: 34684669 PMCID: PMC8540321 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lockdown is an effective nonpharmaceutical intervention to reduce coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission, but it restricts daily activity. We aimed to investigate the impact of lockdown on pediatric body weight and body mass index (BMI). METHODS The systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. Four online databases (EMBASE, Medline, the Cochrane Library and CINAHL) were searched. RESULTS The pooled results showed that lockdown was associated with significant body weight gain (MD 2.67, 95% CI 2.12-3.23; p < 0.00001). The BMI of children with comorbidities or obesity did not change significantly. The BMI of general population was significantly higher during lockdown than before the pandemic (MD 0.94, 95% CI 0.32-1.56; p = 0.003). However, heterogeneity was high (I2 = 84%). Among changes in weight classification, increases in the rates of obesity (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.10-1.37; p = 0.0002) and overweight (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.06-1.29; p = 0.001) were reported. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis showed significant increases in body weight and BMI during lockdown among school-age children and adolescents. The prevalence of obesity and overweight also increased. The COVID-19 pandemic worsened the burden of childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan; (W.-Y.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (W.-Y.H.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yu-Chin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Chi Mei Medical Center, Chiali, Tainan 72263, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-H.C.)
| | - Wei-Yu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan; (W.-Y.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (W.-Y.H.); (Y.C.)
| | - Chun-Yu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan; (W.-Y.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (W.-Y.H.); (Y.C.)
| | - Wei-Yun Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan; (W.-Y.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (W.-Y.H.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yun Chou
- Department of Pediatrics, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan; (W.-Y.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (W.-Y.H.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yi-Hsin Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chi Mei Medical Center, Chiali, Tainan 72263, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-H.C.)
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