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Serova OV, Orsa AN, Chachina NA, Petrenko AG, Deyev IE. с-Met receptor can be activated by extracellular alkaline medium. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2019; 39:67-72. [DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2019.1620775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oxana V. Serova
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Orsa
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia A. Chachina
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander G. Petrenko
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor E. Deyev
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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2
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Komposch K, Sibilia M. EGFR Signaling in Liver Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 17:E30. [PMID: 26729094 PMCID: PMC4730276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase that is activated by several ligands leading to the activation of diverse signaling pathways controlling mainly proliferation, differentiation, and survival. The EGFR signaling axis has been shown to play a key role during liver regeneration following acute and chronic liver damage, as well as in cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) highlighting the importance of the EGFR in the development of liver diseases. Despite the frequent overexpression of EGFR in human HCC, clinical studies with EGFR inhibitors have so far shown only modest results. Interestingly, a recent study has shown that in human HCC and in mouse HCC models the EGFR is upregulated in liver macrophages where it plays a tumor-promoting function. Thus, the role of EGFR in liver diseases appears to be more complex than what anticipated. Further studies are needed to improve the molecular understanding of the cell-specific signaling pathways that control disease development and progression to be able to develop better therapies targeting major components of the EGFR signaling network in selected cell types. In this review, we compiled the current knowledge of EGFR signaling in different models of liver damage and diseases, mainly derived from the analysis of HCC cell lines and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Komposch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Maria Sibilia
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Yoshio Y, Ishii K, Arase S, Hori Y, Nishikawa K, Soga N, Kise H, Arima K, Sugimura Y. Effect of transforming growth factor α overexpression on urogenital organ development in mouse. Differentiation 2010; 80:82-8. [PMID: 20638776 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2010.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Revised: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-α (TGFα) promotes cell proliferation by binding to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). TGFα and EGFR overexpression have been reported in various human cancers. However, whether TGFα induces cancer by itself is unknown in urogenital organs. To investigate whether TGFα overexpression induces carcinogenesis in urogenital organs, we analyzed the phenotypes of urogenital organs in male TGFα transgenic (TG) mice of the CD1 strain. Urogenital organs including the kidney, bladder, prostate, seminal vesicles, testes, and epididymis were isolated from 4- to 48-week-old TGFα TG and wild-type (WT) CD1 mice. Prostates were separated into anterior prostate (AP), dorsolateral prostate (DLP), and ventral prostate (VP). Neither tumor formation nor epithelial hyperplasia was observed in the TGFα TG mouse urogenital organs that we have investigated. Histopathologically, in prostate, we found an increased number of p63-positive basal epithelial cells in the TGFα TG mice AP and DLP. There was no morphological change in the stromal component, such as hypercellular stroma or fibrosis. However, bladder weight was greater in TGFα TG mice than that in WT mice, and distended bladders were observed macroscopically in 19 of 20 TGFα TG mice over 20 weeks of age. Ki67 labeling index was increased significantly in the TGFα TG mouse urethral epithelium, whereas neither epithelial hyperplasia nor hypertrophy was observed. In conclusion, our results suggest that TGFα overexpression in mouse urogenital organs alone may not be responsible for tumor formation and epithelial hyperplasia, but is involved in bladder outlet obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Yoshio
- Department of Nephro-Urologic Surgery and Andrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
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Laurson J, Selden C, Clements M, Mavri-Damelin D, Coward S, Lowdell M, Hodgson HJF. Putative human liver progenitor cells in explanted liver. Cells Tissues Organs 2007; 186:180-91. [PMID: 17643053 DOI: 10.1159/000106360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2007] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Hepatocyte progenitors have frequently been cultured from rodents but reports from human liver are rare. METHODS Non-parenchymal cell fraction isolated from 19 explant livers (removed at orthotopic liver transplantation for acute or chronic liver disease) and histologically normal human liver was cultured. RESULTS Proliferating epithelioid colonies were identifiable after 2-3 weeks culture as a very rare event (<1 per million cells plated) expressing mRNAs and protein antigens of mixed hepatocytic/biliary phenotype. Colony survival could be prolonged by transduction of the catalytic sub-unit of telomerase. Hepatocyte growth factor, epidermal growth factor and oncostatin M did not further enhance hepatocytic differentiation. The expression of markers associated with hepatocyte precursor status was investigated by flow cytometry. Cells expressing the stem cell-associated markers CD133 and CD117 were identified at low frequency. The proportion of cells expressing the integrin CD49f was higher in diseased liver than in normal liver, but the proportion expressing the hepatocyte growth factor receptor c-met was lower. Successful enrichment of plated populations for progenitors was not achieved. CONCLUSION Although there is clear histological evidence of hepatocyte precursors in human explant livers, predictable culture of such cells with differentiation toward mature hepatocyte phenotype remains elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Laurson
- Centre for Hepatology, Hampstead Campus, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK
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Antimitotic activity of EA21b mammary-carcinoma extract. Biologia (Bratisl) 2007. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-007-0039-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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6
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Pérez-Carreón JI, López-García C, Fattel-Fazenda S, Arce-Popoca E, Alemán-Lazarini L, Hernández-García S, Le Berre V, Sokol S, Francois JM, Villa-Treviño S. Gene expression profile related to the progression of preneoplastic nodules toward hepatocellular carcinoma in rats. Neoplasia 2006; 8:373-83. [PMID: 16790086 PMCID: PMC1592455 DOI: 10.1593/neo.05841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the time course gene expression profile of preneoplastic nodules and hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) to define the genes implicated in cancer progression in a resistant hepatocyte model. Tissues that included early nodules (1 month, ENT-1), persistent nodules (5 months, ENT-5), dissected HCC (12 months), and normal livers (NL) from adult rats were analyzed by cDNA arrays including 1185 rat genes. Differential genes were derived in each type of sample (n = 3) by statistical analysis. The relationship between samples was described in a Venn diagram for 290 genes. From these, 72 genes were shared between tissues with nodules and HCC. In addition, 35 genes with statistical significance only in HCC and with extreme ratios were identified. Differential expression of 11 genes was confirmed by comparative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, whereas that of 2 genes was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Members involved in cytochrome P450 and second-phase metabolism were downregulated, whereas genes involved in glutathione metabolism were upregulated, implicating a possible role of glutathione and oxidative regulation. We provide a gene expression profile related to the progression of nodules into HCC, which contributes to the understanding of liver cancer development and offers the prospect for chemoprevention strategies or early treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Isael Pérez-Carreón
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico, DF, Mexico
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Skarpen E, Oksvold MP, Grøsvik H, Widnes C, Huitfeldt HS. Altered regulation of EGF receptor signaling following a partial hepatectomy. J Cell Physiol 2005; 202:707-16. [PMID: 15389569 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We have studied epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) phosphorylation and localization in the pre-replicative phase of liver regeneration induced by a 70% partial hepatectomy (PH), and how a PH affects EGFR activation and trafficking. When Western blotting was performed on livers after PH with antibodies raised against activated forms of EGFR autophosphorylation sites, no marked increase in EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation was observed. However, events associated with attenuation of EGFR signals were observed. Two hours after PH, we found increased EGFR ubiquitination and internalization, followed by receptor downregulation. Furthermore, EGFR phosphorylation following an injection of EGF was reduced after PH. This reduction correlated with an increased activation of PKC and a distinct augmentation in the phosphorylation of the PKC-regulated T654-site of EGFR. When primary cultured hepatocytes were treated with tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA) to induce T654-phosphorylation of EGFR, we found colocalization of a fraction of EGFR with EEA1, downregulation of EGF-mediated EGFR autophosphorylation, altered ligand-induced intracellular sorting of EGFR, and increased mitogenic signaling through the EGFR-Ras-Raf-ERK pathway. Further, we found that both TPA and a PH enhanced EGF-induced proliferation of hepatocytes. In conclusion, our results suggest that hepatocyte priming involves modulation of EGFR that enhances its ability to mediate growth factor responses without an increase in its receptor tyrosine kinase-activity. This may be a pre-replicative competence event that increases growth factor effects during G1 progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Skarpen
- Laboratory for Toxicopathology, Institute of Pathology, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Yamashita Y, Fujise N, Imai E, Masunaga H. Reduction of monocrotaline-induced hepatic injury by deleted variant of hepatocyte growth factor (dHGF) in rats. LIVER 2002; 22:302-7. [PMID: 12296963 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0676.2002.01643.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monocrotaline is a hepatotoxic agent which exerts predominant toxicity to central veins and centrilobular sinusoids. In this study, we investigated the effects of deleted variant of hepatocyte growth factor (dHGF) on monocrotaline-induced hepatic injury in rats. METHODS 100 mg/kg monocrotaline was gavaged to male rats twice with a 4-days' interval. Treatment of dHGF was started 4 days before the initial administration of monocrotaline and 500 microg/kg was intravenously injected twice daily for 11 days. RESULTS Monocrotaline induced severe damage of central veins and destruction of central zone of hepatic lobules concurrent with derangement of blood levels of total protein, albumin, alanine-aminotransferase, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and hepaplastin time. dHGF reduced the structural and blood-chemical abnormalities induced by monocrotaline. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that dHGF prevented and repaired the monocrotaline-induced hepatic injury, and could have therapeutic potency in hepatic failure with sever centrilobular destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Yamashita
- Research Institute of Life Science, Snow Brand Milk Products, Co, Ltd, Tochigi, Japan.
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Oksvold MP, Skarpen E, Widerberg J, Huitfeldt HS. Fluorescent histochemical techniques for analysis of intracellular signaling. J Histochem Cytochem 2002; 50:289-303. [PMID: 11850432 DOI: 10.1177/002215540205000301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular signaling relies on the orchestrated cooperation of signaling proteins and modules, their intracellular localization, and membrane trafficking. Recently, a repertoire of fluorescence-based techniques, which significantly increases our potential for detailed studies of the involved mechanisms, has been introduced. Microscopic techniques with increased resolution have been combined with improved techniques for detection of signaling proteins. Transfections of fluorescently tagged proteins have allowed in vivo microscopy of their trafficking and interactions with other proteins and intracellular structures. We present an overview of general signaling principles and a description of techniques based on fluorescent microscopy suited for studies of signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten P Oksvold
- Center for Cellular Stress Responses, Institute of Pathology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Sunitha I, Shen R, McKillop IH, Lee JH, Resau J, Avigan M. A src-related kinase in the brush border membranes of gastrointestinal cells is regulated by c-met. Exp Cell Res 1999; 250:86-98. [PMID: 10388523 DOI: 10.1006/excr.1999.4550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) elicits pleiotropic cellular responses by binding to c-met, a PTK transmembrane receptor. The recent identification of HGF in fluids which enter the gut lumen suggests a mechanism by which c-met molecules are accessible to ligand that is present near the apical surfaces of polarized enterocytes. A subset of c-met molecules was detected, by confocal and immunoelectron microscopic analysis, which colocalizes with a recently identified src-related gastrointestinal tyrosine kinase (gtk) in the brush border membranes of enterocytes. Furthermore, treatment of c-met/gtk-transfected cells with a chemical cross-linking agent revealed that c-met forms a physical complex with gtk, in vivo. Not surprisingly, activation of the receptor molecules with HGF rapidly stimulated gtk enzymatic activity. Similarly, the stimulation of gtk activity occurred when nontransfected primary hepatocytes were exposed to ligand. These findings suggest a model in which HGF binding to luminally accessible c-met stimulates gtk activity. This brush border-associated c-met-linked pathway may be associated with a defined set of epithelial cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sunitha
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
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GST-π expression in transformed cells by transfecting of DNA isolated from human fetal lung tissues treated with carcinogens. Chin J Cancer Res 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02974658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Imai T, Ichinose M, Yanai T, Masegi T, Nakamura T, Tsukamoto T, Kitoh K, Tatematsu M. Sparse distribution of hepatocyte growth factor-producing cells inside hepatocellular foci in rats treated with hepatocarcinogens. Jpn J Cancer Res 1997; 88:615-8. [PMID: 9310131 PMCID: PMC5921488 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1997.tb00426.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The distribution of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-synthesizing cells in rat liver during development of glutathione S-transferase P form (GST-P)-positive nodules after diethylnitrosamine initiation followed by promotion with 2-acetylaminofluorene plus partial hepatectomy (PH) was investigated using in situ hybridization. HGF-producing cells were non-parenchymal in nature, and were suspected to be mainly of Kupffer type. They were mostly located outside GST-P-positive lesions, in the surrounding parenchyma. In the oval cell proliferation phase 1 week after PH, they increased and they were mainly localized around the portal triads. It is concluded that HGF is directly involved in an endogenous paracrine growth pathway controlling proliferation in oval cells and in normal, but not GST-P-positive, hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Imai
- Laboratory of Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya
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