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Ngoufack Azanze E, Mbiantcha M, Madjo KYK, Yousseu NW, Fagni Njoya ZL, Adjouzem CF, Matah Marthe VM, Ateufack G. Markhamia lutea leaves aqueous and ethanolic extract with curative anti-inflammatory activity attenuates paclitaxel toxicity in rat's intestine. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2024; 21:1-13. [PMID: 37207283 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2023-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Markhamia lutea (M. lutea, Bignoniaceae) is mainly found in tropical/neotropical regions of America, Africa and Asia. The plant's leaves, stems or roots are used to treat anaemia, bloody diarrhoea, parasitic and microbial infections. This study evaluates anti-inflammatory properties (in vitro) of Markhamia lutea and their curative effects on paclitaxel-induced intestinal toxicity (in vivo). METHODS The anti-inflammatory potential of Markhamia lutea was tested over cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enzymes (cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase). While in vivo, intestinal toxicity was induced for 10 days by oral administration of paclitaxel (3 mg/kg, 0.05 mL). Animals in each group were further treated with aqueous (300 mg/kg) and ethanolic (300 mg/kg) leaves extracts of Markhamia lutea during 7 days and clinical symptoms were recorded, hematological, biochemical and histological analysis were subsequently performed. RESULTS In vitro, aqueous (250 μg/mL) and ethanolic (250 μg/mL) extracts of Markhamia lutea inhibited the activities of cyclooxygenase 1 (56.67 % and 69.38 %), cyclooxygenase 2 (50.67 % and 62.81 %) and 5-lipoxygenase (77.33 % and 86.00 %). These extracts inhibited the production of intracellular ROS, extracellular ROS and cell proliferation with maximum IC50 of 30.83 μg/mL, 38.67 μg/mL and 19.05 μg/mL respectively for the aqueous extract, then 25.46 μg/mL, 27.64 μg/mL and 7.34 μg/mL respectively for the ethanolic extract. The extracts also inhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6) and stimulated the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10). In vivo, after administration of paclitaxel, the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Markhamia lutea significantly reduced the weight loss, the diarrheal stools and the mass/length intestines ratio of the treated animals compared to the animals of the negative control group. Biochemically, the extracts lead to a significant drop in serum creatinine and alanine aminotransferase levels, followed by a significant increase in alkaline phosphatase. In addition to bringing the haematological parameters back to normal values after disturbance by paclitaxel, the extracts caused tissue regeneration in the treated animals. CONCLUSIONS In vitro, aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Markhamia lutea showed anti-inflammatory properties (inhibition of COX1, COX2, 5-LOX activities, inhibition of ROS production and cell proliferation); in vivo, the same extracts showed curative properties against intestinal toxicity caused by paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Ngoufack Azanze
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Marius Mbiantcha
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Kouam Yacine Karelle Madjo
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Nana Willaim Yousseu
- Laboratory of Biology and Physiology of Animal Organisms, Department of Biology of Animal Organisms, Faculty of Science, The University of Douala Cameroon, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Zenab Linda Fagni Njoya
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Carine Flore Adjouzem
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Vanessa Mba Matah Marthe
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Gilbert Ateufack
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Douala, Cameroon
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Farihi A, Bouhrim M, Chigr F, Elbouzidi A, Bencheikh N, Zrouri H, Nasr FA, Parvez MK, Alahdab A, Ahami AOT. Exploring Medicinal Herbs' Therapeutic Potential and Molecular Docking Analysis for Compounds as Potential Inhibitors of Human Acetylcholinesterase in Alzheimer's Disease Treatment. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1812. [PMID: 37893530 PMCID: PMC10608285 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Alzheimer's disease (AD) stands as a pervasive neurodegenerative ailment of global concern, necessitating a relentless pursuit of remedies. This study aims to furnish a comprehensive exposition, delving into the intricate mechanistic actions of medicinal herbs and phytochemicals. Furthermore, we assess the potential of these compounds in inhibiting human acetylcholinesterase through molecular docking, presenting encouraging avenues for AD therapeutics. Materials and Methods: Our approach entailed a systematic exploration of phytochemicals like curcumin, gedunin, quercetin, resveratrol, nobiletin, fisetin, and berberine, targeting their capability as human acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, leveraging the PubChem database. Diverse bioinformatics techniques were harnessed to scrutinize molecular docking, ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity), and adherence to Lipinski's rule of five. Results: Results notably underscored the substantial binding affinities of all ligands with specific amino acid residues within AChE. Remarkably, gedunin exhibited a superior binding affinity (-8.7 kcal/mol) compared to the reference standard. Conclusions: These outcomes accentuate the potential of these seven compounds as viable candidates for oral medication in AD treatment. Notably, both resveratrol and berberine demonstrated the capacity to traverse the blood-brain barrier (BBB), signaling their aptitude for central nervous system targeting. Consequently, these seven molecules are considered orally druggable, potentially surpassing the efficacy of the conventional drug, donepezil, in managing neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Farihi
- Unit of Clinic and Cognitive Neuroscience, Laboratory of Biology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra 14000, Morocco; (A.F.); (A.O.T.A.)
| | - Mohamed Bouhrim
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco; (M.B.); (F.C.); (N.B.)
| | - Fatiha Chigr
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco; (M.B.); (F.C.); (N.B.)
| | - Amine Elbouzidi
- Laboratory for Agricultural Production Improvement, Biotechnology, and Environment (LAPABE), Faculty of Science, Mohammed First University, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Noureddine Bencheikh
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco; (M.B.); (F.C.); (N.B.)
| | - Hassan Zrouri
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Boulevard Mohamed VI, B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco;
| | - Fahd A. Nasr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.N.); (M.K.P.)
| | - Mohammad Khalid Parvez
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.N.); (M.K.P.)
| | - Ahmad Alahdab
- Institute of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Street 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ahmed Omar Touhami Ahami
- Unit of Clinic and Cognitive Neuroscience, Laboratory of Biology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra 14000, Morocco; (A.F.); (A.O.T.A.)
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Daga MA, Nicolau ST, Jurumenha-Barreto J, Lima LBS, Cabral IL, Pivotto AP, Stefanello A, Amorim JPA, Hoscheid J, Silva EA, Ayala TS, Menolli RA. Ursolic acid-rich extract presents trypanocidal action in vitro but worsens mice under experimental acute Chagas disease. Parasite Immunol 2023; 45:e13005. [PMID: 37467029 DOI: 10.1111/pim.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease with only two drugs available for treatment and the plant Cecropia pachystachya has several compounds with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. This study aimed to evaluate a supercritical extract from C. pachystachya leaves in vitro and in vivo against Trypanosoma cruzi. A supercritical CO2 extraction was used to obtain the extract (CPE). Cytotoxicity and immunostimulation ability were evaluated in macrophages, and the in vitro trypanocidal activity was evaluated against epimastigotes and trypomastigotes forms. In vivo tests were done by infecting BALB/c mice with blood trypomastigotes forms and treating animals orally with CPE for 10 days. The parasitemia, survival rate, weight, cytokines and nitric oxide dosage were evaluated. CPE demonstrated an effect on the epi and trypomastigotes forms of the parasite (IC50 17.90 ± 1.2 μg/mL; LC50 26.73 ± 1.2 μg/mL) and no changes in macrophages viability, resulting in a selectivity index similar to the reference drug. CPE-treated animals had a worsening compared to non-treated, demonstrated by higher parasitemia and lower survival rate. This result was attributed to the anti-inflammatory effect of CPE, demonstrated by the higher IL-10 and IL-4 values observed in the treated mice compared to the control ones. CPE demonstrated a trypanocidal effect in vitro and a worsening in the in vivo infection due to its anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiara A Daga
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Center of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Western Parana State University, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Scheila T Nicolau
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Center of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Western Parana State University, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Juliana Jurumenha-Barreto
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Center of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Western Parana State University, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Lucas B S Lima
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Center of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Western Parana State University, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Isaac L Cabral
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Center of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Western Parana State University, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Pivotto
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Center of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Western Parana State University, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Amanda Stefanello
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Center of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Western Parana State University, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - João P A Amorim
- Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Western Parana State University, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Hoscheid
- Professional Master's Program in Medicinal Plants and Herbal Medicine in Primary Care, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Edson A Silva
- Laboratory of Biotechnological Processes and Separation, Center of Exact and Technological Sciences, Western Parana State University, Toledo, Brazil
| | - Thaís S Ayala
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Center of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Western Parana State University, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Rafael A Menolli
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Center of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Western Parana State University, Cascavel, Brazil
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The Antiplasmodial Potential of Medicinal Plants Used in the Cameroonian Pharmacopoeia: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4661753. [PMID: 36254175 PMCID: PMC9569203 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4661753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is a real public health problem. It is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Research in herbal medicine has so far shown that the use of plants against malaria is not to be neglected. This review aims to highlight the antiplasmodial potential of Cameroonian plants. In order to achieve this objective, we conducted a bibliographic search in April 2022 using the PubMed search engine. This research included both the published and unpublished studies. A narrative approach was used to describe the antiplasmodial potential of the various species of plants investigated. Quantitative data were analyzed using R studio 4.1.1 software and random effects model was used to estimate the effect size. The research of the antiplasmodial activity of Cameroonian plants dates back to 2000. This area of research has since provided extensive data to indicate the antiplasmodial potential of several plants, most of which originate from the central region. Despite the heterogeneity observed between the different plant families studied in Cameroon for their in vitro antiplasmodial effect, there is strong evidence that 17 active compounds from these plants would be ideal candidates for the synthesis of new antimalarial drugs. The Dacryodes edulis species could be considered as the best natural alternative in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria according to its properties. It is clear that the traditional Cameroonian pharmacopoeia has many species that contain compounds with antiplasmodial activity. More studies need to be conducted to explore the multitude of unexplored plants that are used in traditional medicine. These studies should take into account the nature of the cell model used for cytotoxicity assessment.
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Maroyi A. A Review of Medicinal Uses, Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of Markhamia tomentosa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.29169/1927-5951.2020.10.04.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tajuddeen N, Van Heerden FR. Antiplasmodial natural products: an update. Malar J 2019; 18:404. [PMID: 31805944 PMCID: PMC6896759 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-3026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria remains a significant public health challenge in regions of the world where it is endemic. An unprecedented decline in malaria incidences was recorded during the last decade due to the availability of effective control interventions, such as the deployment of artemisinin-based combination therapy and insecticide-treated nets. However, according to the World Health Organization, malaria is staging a comeback, in part due to the development of drug resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover new anti-malarial drugs. This article reviews the literature on natural products with antiplasmodial activity that was reported between 2010 and 2017. Methods Relevant literature was sourced by searching the major scientific databases, including Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, SciFinder, Pubmed, and Google Scholar, using appropriate keyword combinations. Results and Discussion A total of 1524 compounds from 397 relevant references, assayed against at least one strain of Plasmodium, were reported in the period under review. Out of these, 39% were described as new natural products, and 29% of the compounds had IC50 ≤ 3.0 µM against at least one strain of Plasmodium. Several of these compounds have the potential to be developed into viable anti-malarial drugs. Also, some of these compounds could play a role in malaria eradication by targeting gametocytes. However, the research into natural products with potential for blocking the transmission of malaria is still in its infancy stage and needs to be vigorously pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Tajuddeen
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa
| | - Fanie R Van Heerden
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa.
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Isolation of anticancer and anti-trypanosome secondary metabolites from the endophytic fungus Aspergillus flocculus via bioactivity guided isolation and MS based metabolomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1106-1107:71-83. [PMID: 30658264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to identify bioactive anticancer and anti-trypanosome secondary metabolites from the fermentation culture of Aspergillus flocculus endophyte assisted by modern metabolomics technologies. The endophyte was isolated from the stem of the medicinal plant Markhamia platycalyx and identified using phylogenetics. Principle component analysis was employed to screen for the optimum growth endophyte culturing conditions and revealing that the 30-days rice culture (RC-30d) provided the highest levels of the bioactive agents. To pinpoint for active chemicals in endophyte crude extracts and successive fractions, a new application of molecular interaction network is implemented to correlate the chemical and biological profiles of the anti-trypanosome active fractions to highlight the metabolites mediating for bioactivity prior to purification trials. Multivariate data analysis (MVDA), with the aid of dereplication studies, efficiently annotated the putatively active anticancer molecules. The small-scale RC-30d fungal culture was purified using high-throughput chromatographic techniques to yield compound 1, a novel polyketide molecule though inactive. Whereas, active fractions revealed from the bioactivity guided fractionation of medium scale RC-30d culture were further purified to yield 7 metabolites, 5 of which namely cis-4-hydroxymellein, 5-hydroxymellein, diorcinol, botryoisocoumarin A and mellein, inhibited the growth of chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line K562 at 30 μM. 3-Hydroxymellein and diorcinol exhibited a respective inhibition of 56% and 97% to the sleeping sickness causing parasite Trypanosoma brucei brucei. More interestingly, the anti-trypanosomal activity of A. flocculus extract appeared to be mediated by the synergistic effect of the active steroidal compounds i.e. ergosterol peroxide, ergosterol and campesterol. The isolated structures were elucidated by using 1D, 2D NMR and HR-ESIMS.
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Ibrahim M, Kaushik N, Sowemimo A, Chhipa H, Koekemoer T, van de Venter M, Odukoya OA. Antifungal and antiproliferative activities of endophytic fungi isolated from the leaves of Markhamia tomentosa. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:590-595. [PMID: 27937112 PMCID: PMC6130725 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1263671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Plants harbor endophytes with potential bioactivity. Markhamia tomentosa (Benth) K. Schum ex. Engl. (Bignoniaceae) is reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. OBJECTIVE The antifungal and antiproliferative properties of endophytic fungi extracts and fractions from M. tomentosa were evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS Endophytic fungi were isolated from the leaves of M. tomentosa and identified by ITS-rDNA sequence analysis. The antagonistic effect of the fungal strains was investigated against pathogenic fungi viz, Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorium, Rhizoctonia solani, and Botrytis cinerea using the dual culture assay for 5-7 days. Antiproliferative effect of the fungal extracts and fractions (3.91-250 μg/mL) on HeLa cancer cell line was tested and IC50 was calculated. Poisoning food assay and antifeedant activity against the pathogenic fungi and Spodoptera litura larvae, for 7 days and 2 h, respectively, was also tested at concentrations of 250, 500 and 1000 μg/mL. RESULTS Fungal endophytes Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Syncephalastrum racemosum were isolated from the leaves of M. tomentosa. Isolated endophytic fungal strains and solvent extracts showed MIC value of 1000 μg/mL against tested pathogenic fungi in the dual culture and poisoning food assays. Methanol fraction of S. racemosum isolate showed the most effective antiproliferative activity with IC50 of 43.56 μg/mL. Minimal feeding deterrent activity against S. litura larvae was also observed. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These findings showed that the leaves of Markhamia tomentosa harbor strains of endophytic fungi with promising health benefits, and suggest their antifungal and antiproliferative effects against pathogenic fungi and HeLa cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutiat Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, College of Medicine campus, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Nutan Kaushik
- The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), Indian Habitat Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Abimbola Sowemimo
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, College of Medicine campus, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Hemraj Chhipa
- The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), Indian Habitat Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Trevor Koekemoer
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Maryna van de Venter
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Olukemi A. Odukoya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, College of Medicine campus, Lagos, Nigeria
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Voukeng IK, Beng VP, Kuete V. Multidrug resistant bacteria are sensitive to Euphorbia prostrata and six others Cameroonian medicinal plants extracts. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:321. [PMID: 28743314 PMCID: PMC5526298 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2665-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria are responsible for therapeutic failure and there is an urgent need for novels compounds efficient on them. Methods Eleven methanol extracts from seven Cameroonian medicinal plants were tested for their antibacterial activity using broth micro-dilution method against 36 MDR bacterial strains including Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Providencia stuartii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Results Euphorbia prostrata extract was found active against all the 36 tested bacteria including Gram-negative phenotypes over-expressing efflux pumps such as P. aeruginosa PA124, E. aerogenes CM64 and E. coli AG102. E. prostrata had minimal inhibitory concentrations values between 128 and 256 µg/mL on 55.55% of the studied microorganisms. Other plants extract displayed selective antibacterial activity. Conclusions Results obtained in this study highlight the antibacterial potential of the tested plants and the possible use of E. prostrata to combat bacterial infections including MDR phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor K Voukeng
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Veronique P Beng
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
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Ibrahim MB, Sowemimo AA, Sofidiya MO, Badmos KB, Fageyinbo MS, Abdulkareem FB, Odukoya OA. Sub-acute and chronic toxicity profiles of Markhamia tomentosa ethanolic leaf extract in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 193:68-75. [PMID: 27426507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Markhamia tomentosa (Benth.) K. Schum Ex Engl. (Bignoniaceae) is used in traditional African medicine for the treatment of diarrhoea, oedema, pain and malaria. The leaf extract was reported to show no visible sign of toxicity on acute exposure. This present study investigates the sub-acute and chronic toxicity effects of Markhamia tomentosa in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The animals (n=6/group) were treated daily with the extract at doses of 40, 200 and 1000mg/kg orally for 28 and 90 days. Control rats received distilled water and all animals were weighed at 7 days interval. The haematological, biochemical and histological parameters were determined. RESULTS The extract showed non-significant changes in body weight gain of treated compared to control rats in both studies. Extract significantly decreased red blood cell (RBC), mean cell haemoglobin concentration and increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) parameters after the 28 day study. In the 90 day study, a significant increase in white blood cell, RBC, platelets and decrease in MCV and mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) parameters were observed. Biochemical parameters were significantly changed in both studies; triglycerides, total protein, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and albumin showed significant increase while creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and uric acid levels showed significant decrease. Significant increase in liver weight with no treatment-related histological changes was observed in all harvested vital organs. CONCLUSION Markhamia tomentosa extract elicited non-toxic effect in the liver and kidney function parameters in rats. Thus, the extract is safe when administered orally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutiat B Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, College of Medicine Campus, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Abimbola A Sowemimo
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, College of Medicine Campus, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - Margaret O Sofidiya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, College of Medicine Campus, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Kabir B Badmos
- Department of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Lagos, College of Medicine Campus, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Muyiwa S Fageyinbo
- Departrment of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Lagos, College of Medicine Campus, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Fatimah B Abdulkareem
- Department of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Lagos, College of Medicine Campus, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olukemi A Odukoya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, College of Medicine Campus, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria
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A systematic review of pentacyclic triterpenes and their derivatives as chemotherapeutic agents against tropical parasitic diseases. Parasitology 2016; 143:1219-31. [PMID: 27240847 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182016000718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic infections are among the leading global public health problems with very high economic and mortality burdens. Unfortunately, the available treatment drugs are beset with side effects and continuous parasite drug resistance is being reported. However, new findings reveal more promising compounds especially of plant origin. Among the promising leads are the pentacyclic triterpenes (PTs) made up of the oleanane, ursane, taraxastane, lupane and hopane types. This paper reviews the literature published from 1985 to date on the in vitro and in vivo anti-parasitic potency of this class of phytochemicals. Of the 191 natural and synthetic PT reported, 85 have shown high anti-parasitic activity against various species belonging to the genera of Plasmodium, Leishmania, Trypanosoma, as well as various genera of Nematoda. Moreover, structural modification especially at carbon 3 (C3) and C27 of the parent backbone of PT has led to improved anti-parasitic activity in some cases and loss of activity in others. The potential of this group of compounds as future alternatives in the treatment of parasitic diseases is discussed. It is hoped that the information presented herein will contribute to the full exploration of this promising group of compounds as possible drugs for parasitic diseases.
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Ibrahim MB, Kaushik N, Sowemimo AA, Odukoya OA. Review of the Phytochemical and Pharmacological Studies of the Genus Markhamia. Pharmacogn Rev 2016; 10:50-9. [PMID: 27041874 PMCID: PMC4791988 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.176547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural product compounds obtained from medicinal plants have been great contributions in the discovery of numerous clinically useful drugs. Markhamia species have been reportedly used by many cultures in human and veterinary traditional medicines. The five identified species of Markhamia, that is, Markhamia lutea, Markhamia obtusifolia, Markhamia stipulata, Markhamia tomentosa, and Markhamia zanzibarica have been the subject of chemical investigations that have led to the characterization of their secondary metabolites. Plants of the genus with the identified phytoconstituents, including phenylpropanoid glycosides (PhGs), terpenoids, phytosterols, lignans, quinones, and flavonoids, have been claimed to possess antiviral, antifungal, antiprotozoal, analgesic, antiinflammatory, and cytotoxic activities. In vitro and in vivo pharmacological research studies have reported the validation of the medicinal properties of plants of this genus. The present review analyzes published data from the ethnomedicinal, phytochemical, and pharmacological studies of plants of the genus Markhamia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nutan Kaushik
- Plant Biotechnology, Environmental and Industrial Biotechnology Division, The Energy and Resources institute (TERI), New Delhi, India
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Bankole AE, Adekunle AA, Sowemimo AA, Umebese CE, Abiodun O, Gbotosho GO. Phytochemical screening and in vivo antimalarial activity of extracts from three medicinal plants used in malaria treatment in Nigeria. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:299-305. [PMID: 26391173 PMCID: PMC4700078 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4747-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of plant to meet health-care needs has greatly increased worldwide in the recent times. The search for new plant-derived bioactive agents that can be explored for the treatment of drug-resistant malaria infection is urgently needed. Thus, we evaluated the antimalarial activity of three medicinal plants used in Nigerian folklore for the treatment of malaria infection. A modified Peter's 4-day suppressive test was used to evaluate the antimalarial activity of the plant extracts in a mouse model of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium berghei ANKA strain. Animals were treated with 250, 500, or 800 mg/kg of aqueous extract. It was observed that of all the three plants studied, Markhamia tomentosa showed the highest chemosuppression of parasites of 73 % followed by Polyalthia longifolia (53 %) at day 4. All the doses tested were well tolerated. Percentage suppression of parasite growth on day 4 post-infection ranged from 1 to 73 % in mice infected with P. berghei and treated with extracts when compared with chloroquine diphosphate, the standard reference drug which had a chemosuppression of 90 %. The percentage survival of mice that received extract ranged from 0 to 60 % (increased as the dose increases to 800 mg/kg). Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, and phenolic compounds in all the three plants tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Bankole
- Bankole A. E., Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, P. M. B. 1029 Unilag Post office Akoka-Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - A A Adekunle
- Bankole A. E., Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, P. M. B. 1029 Unilag Post office Akoka-Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A A Sowemimo
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - C E Umebese
- Bankole A. E., Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, P. M. B. 1029 Unilag Post office Akoka-Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - O Abiodun
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - G O Gbotosho
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Sofidiya MO, Agunbiade FO, Koorbanally NA, Sowemimo A, Soesan D, Familusi T. Antiulcer activity of the ethanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction of the leaves of Markhamia tomentosa in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 157:1-6. [PMID: 25240588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The leaves of Markhamia tomentosa (Benth.) K. Schum. Ex Engl. (Bignoniaceae) are used traditionally in the treatment of skin afflictions, sores, ulcers and inflammation. The aim of the study was to investigate the antiulcer activity of the crude ethanolic extract from the leaves of Markhamia tomentosa, determine the active fraction(s) of the extract and identify the chemical constituents in the active fraction by LC-MS. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antiulcer activity of the crude extract (50, 100 and 150mg/kg, p.o.) was evaluated in ethanol and indomethacin-induced models while the solvent fractions (150mg/kg) were screened using ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats. Furthermore, anti-ulcer activity of the active fraction (50, 100 and 150mg/kg, p.o.) was performed using indomethacin and pylorus ligation models. Parameters such as gastric volume, pH and acidity were determined in the pylorus ligation model. LC-ESI-MS analysis was used to identify the components in the active fraction. RESULTS The extract at the dose of 50, 100 and 150mg/kg caused a significant (p<0.05) dose-dependent inhibition of ulcer in the ethanol and indomethacin-induced ulcer models, respectively. The ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction showed the most potent antiulcer activity from all the fractions tested. This fraction produced 72% and 92% inhibition of indomethacin and pylorus-induced ulcer at a dose of 150mg/kg respectively. Acteoside, luteolin, luteolin-7-rutinoside, Luteolin-3',7-di-O-glucoside, carnosol, dilapachone, tormentic acid, oxo-pomolic acid and ajugol were detected in the EtOAc fraction. CONCLUSION Our data provide a rational base for the folkloric use of Markhamia tormentosa in the treatment of ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret O Sofidiya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - Foluso O Agunbiade
- School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, 4000, South Africa.
| | - Neil A Koorbanally
- School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, 4000, South Africa.
| | - Abimbola Sowemimo
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - Dapo Soesan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - Titi Familusi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Nigeria.
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Kuete V, Voukeng IK, Tsobou R, Mbaveng AT, Wiench B, Beng VP, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity of Elaoephorbia drupifera and other Cameroonian medicinal plants against drug sensitive and multidrug resistant cancer cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2013; 13:250. [PMID: 24088184 PMCID: PMC3852045 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major hurdle for cancer treatment worldwide and accounts for chemotherapy failure in over 90% of patients with metastatic cancer. Evidence of the cytotoxicity of Cameroonian plants against cancer cell lines including MDR phenotypes is been intensively and progressively provided. The present work was therefore designed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the methanol extracts of twenty-two Cameroonian medicinal plants against sensitive and MDR cancer cell lines. Methods The methanol maceration was used to obtain the crude plant extracts whilst the cytotoxicity of the studied extracts was determined using a resazurin reduction assay. Results A preliminary assay on leukemia CCRF-CEM cells at 40 μg/mL shows that six of the twenty plant extract were able to enhance less than 50% of the growth proliferation of CCRF-CEM cells. These include Crinum zeylanicum (32.22%), Entada abyssinica (34.67%), Elaoephorbia drupifera (35.05%), Dioscorea bulbifera (45.88%), Eremomastax speciosa (46.07%) and Polistigma thonningii (45.11%). Among these six plants, E. drupifera showed the best activity with IC50 values below or around 30 μg/mL against the nine tested cancer cell lines. The lowest IC50 value of 8.40 μg/mL was recorded with the extract of E. drupifera against MDA-MB231 breast cancer cell line. The IC50 values below 10 μg/mL were recorded with the extracts of E. drupifera against MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells, C. zeylanicum against HCT116 p53+/+ and HCT116p53-/- colon cancer cells and E. abyssinica against HCT116 p53+/+ cells. Conclusion The results of the present study provide evidence of the cytotoxic potential of some Cameroonian medicinal plants and a baseline information for the potential use of Elaoephorbia drupifera in the treatment of sensitive and drug-resistant cancer cell lines.
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Sowemimo A, Samuel F, Fageyinbo MS. Anti-inflammatory activity of Markhamia tomentosa (Benth.) K. Schum. Ex Engl. ethanolic leaf extract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 149:191-194. [PMID: 23792584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The leaves of Markhamia tomentosa (Benth.) K. Schum (Bignoniaceae) are used traditionally for the treatment of oedema and rheumatoid arthritis in Nigeria. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the work was to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanolic leaf extract of Markhamia tomentosa. MATERIALS AND METHODS The extract was screened using the carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats, xylene-induced oedema in mice and the formalin-induced oedema in mice at 50, 100, 200mg/kg doses p.o respectively. The mechanism by which the extract mediated the anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using the histamine-induced rat paw oedema and serotonin-induced rat paw oedema at the highest dose (200mg/kg). RESULTS The results showed that the extract produced a significant dose-dependent inhibition in carrageenan-induced, xylene-induced and the formalin tests. The extract exerted a significant inhibition of 54.55% (P<0.0001) and 42.11% (P<0.01) at 90 min in the histamine-induced and serotonin-induced rat paw oedema models respectively. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the ethanolic leaf extract of Markhamia tomentosa possesses anti-inflammatory activity possibly mediated by histamine. The results justify the use of the plant in the preparation of ethno medicines used in the treatment of ailments associated with inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abimbola Sowemimo
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, College of Medicine Campus, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria.
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Dimo T, Temdie R, Fotio L, Beppe J, Tsague M. Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Extracts from the Leaves of Markhamia tomentosa (Benth.) K. Schum. (Bignoniaceae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5567/pharmacologia.2012.565.573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Adebajo AC, Famuyiwa FG, John JD, Idem ES, Adeoye AO. Activities of Some Nigerian Medicinal Plants against <i>Aedes aegypti</i>. Chin Med 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/cm.2012.33024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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