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Sheikh IN, Elgehiny A, Ragoonanan D, Mahadeo KM, Nieto Y, Khazal S. Management of Aggressive Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas in the Pediatric, Adolescent, and Young Adult Population: An Adult vs. Pediatric Perspective. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2912. [PMID: 35740580 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This review details the diagnosis and treatment of primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in the pediatric and adolescent population. We also describe treatment modalities such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for relapsed or refractory NHL in patients that fail or do not respond to the initial therapy. We then detail the current advancements in treatment for patients that fail initial therapy such as CAR T-cell therapy, the use of immunotherapy that target surface makers on malignant cells and highlight areas where further research is needed. The purpose of our review is to inform the pediatric oncology community in regard to the various types of NHLs and emphasize areas where the science is evolving in the treatment of primary, relapsed or refractory disease. Abstract Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a broad entity which comprises a number of different types of lymphomatous malignancies. In the pediatric and adolescent population, the type and prognosis of NHL varies by age and gender. In comparison to adults, pediatric and adolescent patients generally have better outcomes following treatment for primary NHL. However, relapsed/refractory (R/R) disease is associated with poorer outcomes in many types of NHL such as diffuse large B cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma. Newer therapies have been approved in the use of primary NHL in the pediatric and adolescent population such as Rituximab and other therapies such as chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR T-cell) therapy are under investigation for the treatment of R/R NHL. In this review, we feature the characteristics, diagnosis, and treatments of the most common NHLs in the pediatric and adolescent population and also highlight the differences that exist between pediatric and adult disease. We then detail the areas of treatment advances such as immunotherapy with CAR T-cells, brentuximab vedotin, and blinatumomab as well as cell cycle inhibitors and describe areas where further research is needed. The aim of this review is to juxtapose established research regarding pediatric and adolescent NHL with recent advancements as well as highlight treatment gaps where more investigation is needed.
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Budiningsih I, Dachlan YP, Hadi U, Middeldorp JM. Quantitative cytokine level of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, TGF-β and circulating Epstein-Barr virus DNA load in individuals with acute Malaria due to P. falciparum or P. vivax or double infection in a Malaria endemic region in Indonesia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261923. [PMID: 34962938 PMCID: PMC8714090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria and Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infection are risk factors in the development of Burkitt’s lymphoma. In Indonesia, 100% of the population is persistently infected with EBV early in life and at risk of developing EBV-linked cancers. Currently, 10.7 million people in Indonesia are living in Malaria-endemic areas. This cross-sectional study was initiated to investigate how acute Malaria dysregulates immune control over latent EBV infection. Using blood and plasma samples of 68 patients with acute Malaria and 27 healthy controls, we measured the level of parasitemia for each plasmodium type (P. falciparum, P. vivax, and mixed) by microscopy and rapid test. The level of 4 regulatory cytokines was determined by quantitative ELISA and the level of circulating EBV genome by real-time PCR targeting the single copy EBNA-1 sequence. All Plasmodium-infected cases had high-level parasitemia (>1000 parasites/ul blood) except for one case. EBV-DNA levels were significantly more elevated in P. falciparum and P. vivax infections (P<0.05) compared to controls. EBV-DNA levels were not related to age, gender, Malaria symptoms, or plasmodium type. TNF-α and IL-10 levels were increased in Malaria cases versus controls, but IFN-γ and TGF- β levels were comparable between the groups. Only TNF-α levels in P. falciparum cases showed a clear correlation with elevated EBV DNA levels (R2 = 0.8915). This is the first study addressing the relation between EBV (re)activation and cytokine responses during acute Malaria, revealing a clear correlation between pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and EBV-DNA levels, specifically in P. falciparum cases, suggesting this cytokine to be key in dysregulating EBV homeostasis during acute P. falciparum Malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insani Budiningsih
- Post Graduate Doctoral Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Yoes Prijatna Dachlan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Usman Hadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Hospital-School of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- * E-mail: (UH); (JMM)
| | - Jaap Michiel Middeldorp
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (UH); (JMM)
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Shuai Y, Liu B, Zhou G, Rong L, Niu C, Jin L. Oral manifestations related to malaria: A systematic review. Oral Dis 2020; 27:1616-1620. [PMID: 32657518 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To generalize the oral manifestations related to malaria and discuss their clinical significance for health professionals. MATERIALS AND METHODS The bibliographic databases of Public MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus were employed to retrieve publications online from January 1781 to August 2019. Original research articles, clinical trials, and case reports published in English were included. RESULTS A small number of studies reported oral manifestations of malaria (n = 29), including gingival bleeding, glossitis, oral ulcer, abnormal oral pigmentation, pericoronitis, herpes labialis, herpes gingivostomatitis, bitter taste, sore throat, Burkitt lymphoma of the jaw, alveolar bone resorption, and enamel hypoplasia. CONCLUSION Oral manifestations may be important indicators for identification of malaria. Dental and general professionals should pay more attention to oral manifestations in malaria cases, and guide them for specialized examination, diagnosis, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shuai
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, PLA, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingyao Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, PLA, Nanjing, China
| | - Guilong Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, 987th Hospital, PLA, Baoji, China
| | - Liang Rong
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, PLA, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunzi Niu
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, PLA, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, PLA, Nanjing, China
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Laman M, Hwaiwhanje I, Bona C, Warrel J, Aipit S, Smith D, Noronha J, Siba P, Mueller I, Betuela I, Davis TME, Manning L. Viral pathogens in children hospitalized with features of central nervous system infection in a malaria-endemic region of Papua New Guinea. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14:630. [PMID: 25423900 PMCID: PMC4260243 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-014-0630-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral central nervous system (CNS) infections are common in countries where malaria is endemic but, due to limited laboratory facilities, few studies have systematically examined the prevalence and clinical consequences of the presence of viruses in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from children with suspected CNS infection. METHODS We performed a prospective study of Papua New Guinean children hospitalized with signs and symptoms of CNS infection. CSF samples from 300 children without proven bacterial/fungal meningitis were analyzed for human herpes viruses (HHV), picornaviruses, influenza, adenoviruses, flaviviruses and bacteria. RESULTS Fifty-five children (18%) had viral (42), bacterial (20) or both viral and bacterial (7) nucleic acids (NA) identified in their CSF. Human herpes viruses accounted for 91% of all viruses found. The identification of viral or bacterial NA was not associated with any characteristic clinical features. By contrast, malaria was associated with increased identification of viral and bacterial NA and with impaired consciousness, multiple convulsions and age. Malaria was also inversely associated with an adverse outcome. Amongst children with HHV infection, those with HHV-6 and -7 were younger, were more likely have impaired consciousness and had a higher proportion of adverse outcomes than children with CMV. Dengue and enteroviral infections were infrequent. Adenoviral and influenza infections were not identified. CONCLUSION Infections with HHV-6, HHV-7, dengue and enterovirus have the potential to cause serious CNS disease in young PNG children. However most HHVs in this malaria-endemic setting should be considered to be the result of reactivation from a latent reservoir without clinical sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses Laman
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia. .,Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea.
| | - Ilomo Hwaiwhanje
- Modilon General Hospital, Paediatrics department, Madang, Papua New Guinea.
| | - Cathy Bona
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea.
| | - Jonathan Warrel
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea.
| | - Susan Aipit
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea.
| | - David Smith
- PathWest laboratory, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Joanna Noronha
- PathWest laboratory, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Peter Siba
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea.
| | - Ivo Mueller
- Barcelona Centre for International Health Research, (CRESIB, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain. .,Walter & Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Inoni Betuela
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea.
| | - Timothy M E Davis
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Laurens Manning
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia.
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Traoré F, Coze C, Atteby JJ, André N, Moreira C, Doumbe P, Ravelomanana N, Ye D, Patte C, Raquin MA, Raphael M, Lemerle J. Cyclophosphamide monotherapy in children with Burkitt lymphoma: a study from the French-African Pediatric Oncology Group (GFAOP). Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 56:70-6. [PMID: 21058286 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.22746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The French African Group of Pediatric Oncology was set-up to improve quality of care for children with cancer. Preliminary observations on the efficacy in Burkitt lymphoma (BL) of a cyclophosphamide monotherapy (CPM) have been published. We report the results of a multicentric prospective study combining first-line CPM and a multidrug second-line chemotherapy (SC) for refractory/relapsed patients. PROCEDURE Patients ≤ 18 years with Burkitt or Burkitt-like lymphoma, were included in six countries (Burkina-Faso, Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Madagascar, Mali, and Senegal). All patients received three weekly CPM courses (1.2 g/m(2) IV with intrathecal methotrexate and hydrocortisone), stage 3/4 patients received three further courses. SC added methotrexate, vincristine, cytarabine, and prednisone. RESULTS There were 178 patients included (42 stage 1/2, 134 stage 3/4, and 2 unknown). Isolated facial localization was found in 41 patients, diffuse abdominal involvement in 120 patients including 65 with both. Nine early deaths were reported, toxicity occurred in 136/743 courses (83 patients) and was predominantly hematological. After CPM, complete remission (CR) rate was 47% with a 33% EFS. Because of rapid progression 76/108 eligible patients (85 primary refractory and 23 relapses) received SC resulting in 35.7% CR but a 21% toxic death rate. The OS of the whole strategy was 50.5% and correlated to stage. CONCLUSION A prospective multicentric study on BL was feasible in very low-income countries. CPM can be recommended in stage 1-2 because of optimal cost/benefit ratio. However, more intensive strategies, still adapted to socio-economic conditions, are required for advanced stages 3 and 4.
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Kamulegeya A, Muwazi L, Kasaganki A, Rwenyonyi C, Kuteesa A. Trends in Burkitt's lymphoma: a three-decade retrospective study from Uganda. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-248x.2010.01095.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Following our review of AIDS-associated cancer in developing nations in 2004, we sought to update recent publications and review data on the challenges and opportunities for the treatment and research of AIDS malignancies in Africa. RECENT FINDINGS It is apparent that the burden of AIDS-related malignancies and other virus-associated tumors is significant and increasing in Africa. Several recent studies report findings on conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma and there is a report that Hodgkin's disease, a non-AIDS-defining neoplasm, is increasing in incidence. International collaborative partnerships dedicated to AIDS malignancies in developing countries are feasible and invaluable for clinical strategies to address this aspect of the pandemic. A departure point is the ongoing work of the East Africa - Case Western Reserve University Collaboration in AIDS malignancies. SUMMARY The burden of neoplastic complications of HIV infection and endemic virus-associated tumors are assuming increasing significance in Africa. There is a need to develop nonmyelotoxic therapies and approaches that are hypothesis-driven and pathogenesis-based. The scarcity and shortages in this region demand that our scientific and therapeutic strategies are both suitable and pragmatic for testing in this setting. It is also imperative that African investigators lead us in this important endeavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Orem
- Uganda Cancer Institute, Mulago Hospital and the Makerere University School of Medicine, Kampala, Uganda.
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Meredith EJ, Holder MJ, Rosén A, Lee AD, Dyer MJS, Barnes NM, Gordon J. Dopamine targets cycling B cells independent of receptors/transporter for oxidative attack: Implications for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:13485-90. [PMID: 16938864 PMCID: PMC1569189 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0605993103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human B lymphocytes and derived lines from a spectrum of B cell malignancy were studied for expression of dopaminergic pathway components and for their cytostatic response to the catecholamine and related, potentially therapeutic compounds. Proliferating normal lymphocytes and dividing malignant clones rapidly arrested on exposure to dopamine in the low (</=10 muM) micromolar range. The antiparkinsonian drugs l-DOPA and apomorphine (particularly) were similarly antiproliferative. With the exception of D4, dopamine receptors D1-D5 were variably expressed among normal and neoplastic B cell populations, as was the dopamine transporter. Transcripts for D1 and D2 were frequently found, whereas D3 and D5 revealed restricted expression; dopamine transporter was detected in most cases. Nevertheless, pharmacological analysis disclosed that dopamine targeted cycling B cells independent of these structures. Rather, oxidative stress constituted the primary mechanism: the catecholamine's actions being mimicked by hydrogen peroxide and reversed by exogenous catalase, and evidence for the intracellular redox protein thioredoxin contributing protection. Among proliferating clones, growth arrest was accompanied by cell death in populations deplete in antiapoptotic Bcl-2: resting lymphocytes escaping low micromolar dopamine toxicity. Dysregulated bcl-2 expression, although preventing oxidative-induced caspase-dependent apoptosis, by itself conferred only minor protection against dopamine cytostasis. The selective impact of dopamine on lymphocytes that are in active cycle indicates an axis for therapeutic intervention not only in B cell neoplasia but also in lymphoproliferative disturbances generally. Rational tailoring of drug delivery systems already in development for Parkinson's disease could provide ideal vehicles for carrying the oxidative hit directly to the target populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J. Meredith
- *Medical Research Council Centre for Immune Regulation, Division of Immunity and Infection, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle J. Holder
- *Medical Research Council Centre for Immune Regulation, Division of Immunity and Infection, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Anders Rosén
- Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, University of Linköping, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Adrian Drake Lee
- Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) Department, University Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J. S. Dyer
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom; and
| | - Nicholas M. Barnes
- Division of Neuroscience, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - John Gordon
- *Medical Research Council Centre for Immune Regulation, Division of Immunity and Infection, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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