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Bedi A, Choi K, Keane C, Bolger-Munro M, Ambrose AR, Gold MR. WAVE2 Regulates Actin-Dependent Processes Induced by the B Cell Antigen Receptor and Integrins. Cells 2023; 12:2704. [PMID: 38067132 PMCID: PMC10705906 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
B cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling induces actin cytoskeleton remodeling by stimulating actin severing, actin polymerization, and the nucleation of branched actin networks via the Arp2/3 complex. This enables B cells to spread on antigen-bearing surfaces in order to increase antigen encounters and to form an immune synapse (IS) when interacting with antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Although the WASp, N-WASp, and WAVE nucleation-promoting factors activate the Arp2/3 complex, the role of WAVE2 in B cells has not been directly assessed. We now show that both WAVE2 and the Arp2/3 complex localize to the peripheral ring of branched F-actin when B cells spread on immobilized anti-Ig antibodies. The siRNA-mediated depletion of WAVE2 reduced and delayed B cell spreading on immobilized anti-Ig, and this was associated with a thinner peripheral F-actin ring and reduced actin retrograde flow compared to control cells. Depleting WAVE2 also impaired integrin-mediated B cell spreading on fibronectin and the LFA-1-induced formation of actomyosin arcs. Actin retrograde flow amplifies BCR signaling at the IS, and we found that depleting WAVE2 reduced microcluster-based BCR signaling and signal amplification at the IS, as well as B cell activation in response to antigen-bearing cells. Hence, WAVE2 contributes to multiple actin-dependent processes in B lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Bedi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3, Canada
| | - Kate Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3, Canada
| | - Connor Keane
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3, Canada
| | - Madison Bolger-Munro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3, Canada
| | - Ashley R Ambrose
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3, Canada
| | - Michael R Gold
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3, Canada
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2
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Gadwa J, Amann M, Bickett TE, Knitz MW, Darragh LB, Piper M, Van Court B, Bukkapatnam S, Pham TT, Wang XJ, Saviola AJ, Deak LC, Umaña P, Klein C, D'Alessandro A, Karam SD. Selective targeting of IL2Rβγ combined with radiotherapy triggers CD8- and NK-mediated immunity, abrogating metastasis in HNSCC. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101150. [PMID: 37586327 PMCID: PMC10439274 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of cancer immunotherapies has seen limited clinical success in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Interleukin-2 (IL-2), which modulates the survival and functionality of lymphocytes, is an attractive target for new immunotherapies but one that is limited by presence of regulatory T cells (Tregs) expressing the high-affinity IL-2Rα. The bispecific immunocytokine PD1-IL2v preferentially delivers IL-2 signaling through IL-2Rβγ on PD-1-expressing cells. Selectively targeting the intermediate-affinity IL-2Rβγ can be leveraged to induce anti-tumor immune responses in effector T cells and natural killer (NK) cells while limiting the negative regulation of IL-2Rα activation on Tregs. Using radiation therapy (RT) in combination with PD1-IL2v improves local tumor control and survival, and controls metastatic spread in orthotopic HNSCC tumor models. PD1-IL2v drives systemic activation and expansion of circulating and tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic T cells and NK cells while limiting Treg-mediated immunosuppression. These data show that PD1-L2v induces durable systemic tumor control in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Gadwa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Maria Amann
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Thomas E Bickett
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Michael W Knitz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Laurel B Darragh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Miles Piper
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Benjamin Van Court
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sanjana Bukkapatnam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Tiffany T Pham
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Anthony J Saviola
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Laura Codarri Deak
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Umaña
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Christian Klein
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sana D Karam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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3
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Zhang Q, Zhang S, Chen J, Xie Z. The Interplay between Integrins and Immune Cells as a Regulator in Cancer Immunology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6170. [PMID: 37047140 PMCID: PMC10093897 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are a group of heterodimers consisting of α and β subunits that mediate a variety of physiological activities of immune cells, including cell migration, adhesion, proliferation, survival, and immunotolerance. Multiple types of integrins act differently on the same immune cells, while the same integrin may exert various effects on different immune cells. In the development of cancer, integrins are involved in the regulation of cancer cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and angiogenesis; conversely, integrins promote immune cell aggregation to mediate the elimination of tumors. The important roles of integrins in cancer progression have provided valuable clues for the diagnosis and targeted treatment of cancer. Furthermore, many integrin inhibitors have been investigated in clinical trials to explore effective regimens and reduce side effects. Due to the complexity of the mechanism of integrin-mediated cancer progression, challenges remain in the research and development of cancer immunotherapies (CITs). This review enumerates the effects of integrins on four types of immune cells and the potential mechanisms involved in the progression of cancer, which will provide ideas for more optimal CIT in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfang Zhang
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jianrui Chen
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xie
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
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4
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Wong DCP, Ding JL. The mechanobiology of NK cells- 'Forcing NK to Sense' target cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188860. [PMID: 36791921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune lymphocytes that recognize and kill cancer and infected cells, which makes them unique 'off-the-shelf' candidates for a new generation of immunotherapies. Biomechanical forces in homeostasis and pathophysiology accrue additional immune regulation for NK immune responses. Indeed, cellular and tissue biomechanics impact NK receptor clustering, cytoskeleton remodeling, NK transmigration through endothelial cells, nuclear mechanics, and even NK-dendritic cell interaction, offering a plethora of unexplored yet important dynamic regulation for NK immunotherapy. Such events are made more complex by the heterogeneity of human NK cells. A significant question remains on whether and how biochemical and biomechanical cues collaborate for NK cell mechanotransduction, a process whereby mechanical force is sensed, transduced, and translated to downstream mechanical and biochemical signalling. Herein, we review recent advances in understanding how NK cells perceive and mechanotransduce biophysical cues. We focus on how the cellular cytoskeleton crosstalk regulates NK cell function while bearing in mind the heterogeneity of NK cells, the direct and indirect mechanical cues for NK anti-tumor activity, and finally, engineering advances that are of translational relevance to NK cell biology at the systems level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Chen Pei Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
| | - Jeak Ling Ding
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore; Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, 119077, Singapore.
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Oh SC, Kim SE, Jang IH, Kim SM, Lee SY, Lee S, Chu IS, Yoon SR, Jung H, Choi I, Doh J, Kim TD. NgR1 is an NK cell inhibitory receptor that destabilizes the immunological synapse. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:463-473. [PMID: 36624164 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01394-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The formation of an immunological synapse (IS) is essential for natural killer (NK) cells to eliminate target cells. Despite an advanced understanding of the characteristics of the IS and its formation processes, the mechanisms that regulate its stability via the cytoskeleton are unclear. Here, we show that Nogo receptor 1 (NgR1) has an important function in modulating NK cell-mediated killing by destabilization of IS formation. NgR1 deficiency or blockade resulted in improved tumor control of NK cells by enhancing NK-to-target cell contact stability and regulating F-actin dynamics during IS formation. Patients with tumors expressing abundant NgR1 ligand had poor prognosis despite high levels of NK cell infiltration. Thus, our study identifies NgR1 as an immune checkpoint in IS formation and indicates a potential approach to improve the cytolytic function of NK cells in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Chan Oh
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Eun Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hwan Jang
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Min Kim
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Yun Lee
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyoung Lee
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sun Chu
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bioinformatics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Ran Yoon
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haiyoung Jung
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Inpyo Choi
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsang Doh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Institute of Engineering Research, Bio-MAX Institute, Soft Foundry Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae-Don Kim
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. .,Biomedical Mathematics Group, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Ran GH, Lin YQ, Tian L, Zhang T, Yan DM, Yu JH, Deng YC. Natural killer cell homing and trafficking in tissues and tumors: from biology to application. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:205. [PMID: 35768424 PMCID: PMC9243142 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01058-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells, a subgroup of innate lymphoid cells, act as the first line of defense against cancer. Although some evidence shows that NK cells can develop in secondary lymphoid tissues, NK cells develop mainly in the bone marrow (BM) and egress into the blood circulation when they mature. They then migrate to and settle down in peripheral tissues, though some special subsets home back into the BM or secondary lymphoid organs. Owing to its success in allogeneic adoptive transfer for cancer treatment and its "off-the-shelf" potential, NK cell-based immunotherapy is attracting increasing attention in the treatment of various cancers. However, insufficient infiltration of adoptively transferred NK cells limits clinical utility, especially for solid tumors. Expansion of NK cells or engineered chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) NK cells ex vivo prior to adoptive transfer by using various cytokines alters the profiles of chemokine receptors, which affects the infiltration of transferred NK cells into tumor tissue. Several factors control NK cell trafficking and homing, including cell-intrinsic factors (e.g., transcriptional factors), cell-extrinsic factors (e.g., integrins, selectins, chemokines and their corresponding receptors, signals induced by cytokines, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), etc.), and the cellular microenvironment. Here, we summarize the profiles and mechanisms of NK cell homing and trafficking at steady state and during tumor development, aiming to improve NK cell-based cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang He Ran
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical, Jiamusi University, 154007, Jiamusi, China
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Qing Lin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical, Jiamusi University, 154007, Jiamusi, China
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical, Jiamusi University, 154007, Jiamusi, China.
| | - Dong Mei Yan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical, Jiamusi University, 154007, Jiamusi, China.
| | - Jian Hua Yu
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA.
| | - You Cai Deng
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China.
- Department of Clinical Hematology, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China.
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7
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Coënon L, Villalba M. From CD16a Biology to Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity Improvement. Front Immunol 2022; 13:913215. [PMID: 35720368 PMCID: PMC9203678 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.913215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) is a potent cytotoxic mechanism that is mainly mediated in humans by natural killer (NK) cells. ADCC mediates the clinical benefit of several widely used cytolytic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), and increasing its efficacy would improve cancer immunotherapy. CD16a is a receptor for the Fc portion of IgGs and is responsible to trigger NK cell-mediated ADCC. The knowledge of the mechanism of action of CD16a gave rise to several strategies to improve ADCC, by working on either the mAbs or the NK cell. In this review, we give an overview of CD16a biology and describe the latest strategies employed to improve antibody-dependent NK cell cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïs Coënon
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy (IRMB), Univ Montpellier, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Montpellier, France
- Institut du Cancer Avignon-Provence Sainte Catherine, Avignon, France
- *Correspondence: Loïs Coënon,
| | - Martin Villalba
- Institut du Cancer Avignon-Provence Sainte Catherine, Avignon, France
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Univ Montpellier, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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8
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Kim N, Yi E, Kwon SJ, Park HJ, Kwon HJ, Kim HS. Filamin A Is Required for NK Cell Cytotoxicity at the Expense of Cytokine Production via Synaptic Filamentous Actin Modulation. Front Immunol 2022; 12:792334. [PMID: 35058930 PMCID: PMC8764188 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.792334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate cytotoxic lymphocytes that efficiently eliminate malignant and virus-infected cells without prior activation via the directed and focused release of lytic granule contents for target cell lysis. This cytolytic process is tightly regulated at discrete checkpoint stages to ensure the selective killing of diseased target cells and is highly dependent on the coordinated regulation of cytoskeletal components. The actin-binding protein filamin crosslinks cortical actin filaments into orthogonal networks and links actin filament webs to cellular membranes to modulate cell migration, adhesion, and signaling. However, its role in the regulation of NK cell functions remains poorly understood. Here, we show that filamin A (FLNa), a filamin isoform with preferential expression in leukocytes, is recruited to the NK cell lytic synapse and is required for NK cell cytotoxicity through the modulation of conjugate formation with target cells, synaptic filamentous actin (F-actin) accumulation, and cytotoxic degranulation, but not granule polarization. Interestingly, we also find that the loss of FLNa augments the target cell-induced expression of IFN-γ and TNF-α by NK cells, correlating with enhanced activation signals such as Ca2+ mobilization, ERK, and NF-κB, and a delayed down-modulation of the NKG2D receptor. Thus, our results identify FLNa as a new regulator of NK cell effector functions during their decision to kill target cells through a balanced regulation of NK cell cytotoxicity vs cytokine production. Moreover, this study implicates the cross-linking/bundling of F-actin mediated by FLNa as a necessary process coordinating optimal NK effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayoung Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunbi Yi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soon Jae Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Joon Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hun Sik Kim
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center (SCIRC), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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9
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Ma VPY, Hu Y, Kellner AV, Brockman JM, Velusamy A, Blanchard AT, Evavold BD, Alon R, Salaita K. The magnitude of LFA-1/ICAM-1 forces fine-tune TCR-triggered T cell activation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabg4485. [PMID: 35213231 PMCID: PMC8880789 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg4485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
T cells defend against cancer and viral infections by rapidly scanning the surface of target cells seeking specific peptide antigens. This key process in adaptive immunity is sparked upon T cell receptor (TCR) binding of antigens within cell-cell junctions stabilized by integrin (LFA-1)/intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) complexes. A long-standing question in this area is whether the forces transmitted through the LFA-1/ICAM-1 complex tune T cell signaling. Here, we use spectrally encoded DNA tension probes to reveal the first maps of LFA-1 and TCR forces generated by the T cell cytoskeleton upon antigen recognition. DNA probes that control the magnitude of LFA-1 force show that F>12 pN potentiates antigen-dependent T cell activation by enhancing T cell-substrate engagement. LFA-1/ICAM-1 mechanical events with F>12 pN also enhance the discriminatory power of the TCR when presented with near cognate antigens. Overall, our results show that T cells integrate multiple channels of mechanical information through different ligand-receptor pairs to tune function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuesong Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Anna V. Kellner
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Joshua M. Brockman
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Arventh Velusamy
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Aaron T. Blanchard
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Brian D. Evavold
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Ronen Alon
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Khalid Salaita
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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10
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Fazil MHUT, Chirumamilla CS, Perez-Novo C, Wong BHS, Kumar S, Sze SK, Vanden Berghe W, Verma NK. The steroidal lactone withaferin A impedes T-cell motility by inhibiting the kinase ZAP70 and subsequent kinome signaling. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101377. [PMID: 34742736 PMCID: PMC8637146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The steroidal lactone withaferin A (WFA) is a dietary phytochemical, derived from Withania somnifera. It exhibits a wide range of biological properties, including immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antistress, and anticancer activities. Here we investigated the effect of WFA on T-cell motility, which is crucial for adaptive immune responses as well as autoimmune reactions. We found that WFA dose-dependently (within the concentration range of 0.3–1.25 μM) inhibited the ability of human T-cells to migrate via cross-linking of the lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) integrin with its ligand, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). Coimmunoprecipitation of WFA interacting proteins and subsequent tandem mass spectrometry identified a WFA-interactome consisting of 273 proteins in motile T-cells. In particular, our data revealed significant enrichment of the zeta-chain-associated protein kinase 70 (ZAP70) and cytoskeletal actin protein interaction networks upon stimulation. Phospho-peptide mapping and kinome analysis substantiated kinase signaling downstream of ZAP70 as a key WFA target, which was further confirmed by bait-pulldown and Western immunoblotting assays. The WFA-ZAP70 interaction was disrupted by a disulfide reducing agent dithiothreitol, suggesting an involvement of cysteine covalent binding interface. In silico docking predicted WFA binding to ZAP70 at cystine 560 and 564 residues. These findings provide a mechanistic insight whereby WFA binds to and inhibits the ZAP70 kinase and impedes T-cell motility. We therefore conclude that WFA may be exploited to pharmacologically control host immune responses and potentially prevent autoimmune-mediated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chandra Sekhar Chirumamilla
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES) and Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Claudina Perez-Novo
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES) and Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Brandon Han Siang Wong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, Singapore; NTU Institute for Health Technologies (HealthTech NTU), Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Kushmaur, Mau, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES) and Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Navin Kumar Verma
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, Singapore.
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11
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Fionda C, Stabile H, Molfetta R, Kosta A, Peruzzi G, Ruggeri S, Zingoni A, Capuano C, Soriani A, Paolini R, Gismondi A, Cippitelli M, Santoni A. Cereblon regulates NK cell cytotoxicity and migration via Rac1 activation. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:2607-2617. [PMID: 34392531 PMCID: PMC9291148 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton is critical for cytotoxic and immunoregulatory functions as well as migration of natural killer (NK) cells. However, dynamic reorganization of actin is a complex process, which remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the role of the protein Cereblon (CRBN), an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex co‐receptor and the primary target of the immunomodulatory drugs, in NK cells. We observed that CRBN partially colocalizes with F‐actin in chemokine‐treated NK cells and is recruited to the immunological synapse, thus suggesting a role for this protein in cytoskeleton reorganization. Accordingly, silencing of CRBN in NK cells results in a reduced cytotoxicity that correlates with a defect in conjugate and lytic synapse formation. Moreover, CRBN depletion significantly impairs the ability of NK cells to migrate and reduces the enhancing effect of lenalidomide on NK cell migration. Finally, we provided evidence that CRBN is required for activation of the small GTPase Rac1, a critical mediator of cytoskeleton dynamics. Indeed, in CRBN‐depleted NK cells, chemokine‐mediated or target cell–mediated Rac1 activation is significantly reduced. Altogether our data identify a critical role for CRBN in regulating NK cell functions and suggest that this protein may mediate the stimulatory effect of lenalidomide on NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Fionda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Helena Stabile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Molfetta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Kosta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Peruzzi
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Ruggeri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Zingoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Capuano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Soriani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Paolini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Gismondi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Cippitelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.,RCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
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12
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Kritikou JS, Oliveira MM, Record J, Saeed MB, Nigam SM, He M, Keszei M, Wagner AK, Brauner H, Sendel A, Sedimbi SK, Rentouli S, Lane DP, Snapper SB, Kärre K, Vandenberghe P, Orange JS, Westerberg LS. Constitutive activation of WASp leads to abnormal cytotoxic cells with increased granzyme B and degranulation response to target cells. JCI Insight 2021; 6:140273. [PMID: 33621210 PMCID: PMC8026198 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.140273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked neutropenia (XLN) is caused by gain-of-function mutations in the actin regulator Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein (WASp). XLN patients have reduced numbers of cytotoxic cells in peripheral blood; however, their capacity to kill tumor cells remains to be determined. Here, we examined NK and T cells from 2 patients with XLN harboring the activating WASpL270P mutation. XLN patient NK and T cells had increased granzyme B content and elevated degranulation and IFN-γ production when compared with healthy control cells. Murine WASpL272P NK and T cells formed stable synapses with YAC-1 tumor cells and anti-CD3/CD28–coated beads, respectively. WASpL272P mouse T cells had normal degranulation and cytokine response whereas WASpL272P NK cells showed an enhanced response. Imaging experiments revealed that while WASpL272P CD8+ T cells had increased accumulation of actin upon TCR activation, WASpL272P NK cells had normal actin accumulation at lytic synapses triggered through NKp46 signaling but had impaired response to lymphocyte function associated antigen-1 engagement. When compared with WT mice, WASpL272P mice showed reduced growth of B16 melanoma and increased capacity to reject MHC class I–deficient cells. Together, our data suggest that cytotoxic cells with constitutively active WASp have an increased capacity to respond to and kill tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna S Kritikou
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum C7, and
| | | | - Julien Record
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum C7, and
| | - Mezida B Saeed
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum C7, and
| | - Saket M Nigam
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum C7, and
| | - Minghui He
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum C7, and
| | - Marton Keszei
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum C7, and
| | - Arnika K Wagner
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum C7, and
| | - Hanna Brauner
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum C7, and.,Department of Medicine, Solna, Division of Rheumatology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anton Sendel
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum C7, and
| | | | | | - David P Lane
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum C7, and
| | - Scott B Snapper
- Gastroenterology Division, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Klas Kärre
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum C7, and
| | | | - Jordan S Orange
- Department of Pediatrics, NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lisa S Westerberg
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum C7, and
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13
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Shannon MJ, Mace EM. Natural Killer Cell Integrins and Their Functions in Tissue Residency. Front Immunol 2021; 12:647358. [PMID: 33777044 PMCID: PMC7987804 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.647358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are transmembrane receptors associated with adhesion and migration and are often highly differentially expressed receptors amongst natural killer cell subsets in microenvironments. Tissue resident natural killer cells are frequently defined by their differential integrin expression compared to other NK cell subsets, and integrins can further localize tissue resident NK cells to tissue microenvironments. As such, integrins play important roles in both the phenotypic and functional identity of NK cell subsets. Here we review the expression of integrin subtypes on NK cells and NK cell subsets with the goal of better understanding how integrin selection can dictate tissue residency and mediate function from the nanoscale to the tissue environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily M. Mace
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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14
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Ben-Shmuel A, Sabag B, Biber G, Barda-Saad M. The Role of the Cytoskeleton in Regulating the Natural Killer Cell Immune Response in Health and Disease: From Signaling Dynamics to Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:609532. [PMID: 33598461 PMCID: PMC7882700 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.609532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells, which play key roles in elimination of virally infected and malignant cells. The balance between activating and inhibitory signals derived from NK surface receptors govern the NK cell immune response. The cytoskeleton facilitates most NK cell effector functions, such as motility, infiltration, conjugation with target cells, immunological synapse assembly, and cytotoxicity. Though many studies have characterized signaling pathways that promote actin reorganization in immune cells, it is not completely clear how particular cytoskeletal architectures at the immunological synapse promote effector functions, and how cytoskeletal dynamics impact downstream signaling pathways and activation. Moreover, pioneering studies employing advanced imaging techniques have only begun to uncover the architectural complexity dictating the NK cell activation threshold; it is becoming clear that a distinct organization of the cytoskeleton and signaling receptors at the NK immunological synapse plays a decisive role in activation and tolerance. Here, we review the roles of the actin cytoskeleton in NK cells. We focus on how actin dynamics impact cytolytic granule secretion, NK cell motility, and NK cell infiltration through tissues into inflammatory sites. We will also describe the additional cytoskeletal components, non-muscle Myosin II and microtubules that play pivotal roles in NK cell activity. Furthermore, special emphasis will be placed on the role of the cytoskeleton in assembly of immunological synapses, and how mutations or downregulation of cytoskeletal accessory proteins impact NK cell function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviad Ben-Shmuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Applied Immunology, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Batel Sabag
- Laboratory of Molecular and Applied Immunology, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Guy Biber
- Laboratory of Molecular and Applied Immunology, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Mira Barda-Saad
- Laboratory of Molecular and Applied Immunology, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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15
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Lam MT, Mace EM, Orange JS. A research-driven approach to the identification of novel natural killer cell deficiencies affecting cytotoxic function. Blood 2020; 135:629-637. [PMID: 31945148 PMCID: PMC7046607 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019000925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer cell deficiencies (NKDs) are an emerging phenotypic subtype of primary immune deficiency. NK cells provide a defense against virally infected cells using a variety of cytotoxic mechanisms, and patients who have defective NK cell development or function can present with atypical, recurrent, or severe herpesviral infections. The current pipeline for investigating NKDs involves the acquisition and clinical assessment of patients with a suspected NKD followed by subsequent in silico, in vitro, and in vivo laboratory research. Evaluation involves initially quantifying NK cells and measuring NK cell cytotoxicity and expression of certain NK cell receptors involved in NK cell development and function. Subsequent studies using genomic methods to identify the potential causative variant are conducted along with variant impact testing to make genotype-phenotype connections. Identification of novel genes contributing to the NKD phenotype can also be facilitated by applying the expanding knowledge of NK cell biology. In this review, we discuss how NKDs that affect NK cell cytotoxicity can be approached in the clinic and laboratory for the discovery of novel gene variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Lam
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; and
- Medical Scientist Training Program, and
- Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Emily M Mace
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; and
| | - Jordan S Orange
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; and
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16
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Lysosomal peptidases in innate immune cells: implications for cancer immunity. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 69:275-283. [PMID: 31813053 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02447-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsins are lysosomal peptidases involved in intracellular protein catabolism as well as in various other physiological and pathological processes. Several members of the family, most notably cathepsins B, S, K and L, are frequently overexpressed in cancer and have been associated with remodeling of the proteins of the extracellular matrix, a process leading to tumor cell migration, invasion and metastasis. In addition, lysosomal cathepsins play a role in innate and adaptive immunity, regulation of antigen presentation, Toll-like receptor signaling, cytokine secretion, apoptosis, autophagy, differentiation, migration and cytotoxicity. In cancer, the cells of innate immunity, such as myeloid cells, are often subverted to the regulatory immunosuppressive phenotype. Most studies indicate that lysosomal cathepsins reinforce the pro-tumoral activity of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and tumor-associated macrophages as well as of neutrophils. On the other hand, in cytotoxic natural killer cells, tumor cells suppress lysosomal peptidases in their activation of perforin and granzymes, thus diminishing their killing ability. With multifaceted actions, lysosomal peptidases constitute an important regulatory mechanism for fine-tuning the anti-tumor immune response.
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17
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Human signal transducer and activator of transcription 5b (STAT5b) mutation causes dysregulated human natural killer cell maturation and impaired lytic function. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 145:345-357.e9. [PMID: 31600547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with signal transducer and activator of transcription 5b (STAT5b) deficiency have impairment in T-cell homeostasis and natural killer (NK) cells which leads to autoimmunity, recurrent infections, and combined immune deficiency. OBJECTIVE In this study we characterized the NK cell defect in STAT5b-deficient human NK cells, as well as Stat5b-/- mice. METHODS We used multiparametric flow cytometry, functional NK cell assays, microscopy, and a Stat5b-/- mouse model to elucidate the effect of impaired and/or absent STAT5b on NK cell development and function. RESULTS This alteration generated a nonfunctional CD56bright NK cell subset characterized by low cytokine production. The CD56dim NK cell subset had decreased expression of perforin and CD16 and a greater frequency of cells expressing markers of immature NK cells. We observed low NK cell numbers and impaired NK cell maturation, suggesting that STAT5b is involved in terminal NK cell maturation in Stat5b-/- mice. Furthermore, human STAT5b-deficient NK cells had low cytolytic capacity, and fixed-cell microscopy showed poor convergence of lytic granules. This was accompanied by decreased expression of costimulatory and activating receptors. Interestingly, granule convergence and cytolytic function were restored after IL-2 stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that in addition to the impaired terminal maturation of NK cells, human STAT5b mutation leads to impairments in early activation events in NK cell lytic synapse formation. Our data provide further insight into NK cell defects caused by STAT5b deficiency.
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18
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Wilton KM, Overlee BL, Billadeau DD. NKG2D-DAP10 signaling recruits EVL to the cytotoxic synapse to generate F-actin and promote NK cell cytotoxicity. J Cell Sci 2019; 133:jcs.230508. [PMID: 31235500 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.230508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells eliminate abnormal cells through the release of cytolytic granule contents. In this process, NK cells must adhere to target cells through integrin-mediated adhesion, which is highly dependent on the generation of F-actin. Ena/VASP-like (EVL) is an actin regulatory protein previously shown to regulate integrin-mediated adhesion in other cell types, but its role in NK cell biology is not known. Herein, we show that EVL is recruited to the NK cell cytotoxic synapse and is required for NK cell cytotoxicity. Significantly, EVL is involved in the generation of F-actin at the cytotoxic synapse, antibody-stimulated spreading, and NK cell-target cell adhesion. EVL interacts with WASP (also known as WAS) and VASP and is required for localization of both proteins to the synapse. Recruitment of EVL to points of cellular activation occurs through the receptor NKG2D-DAP10 (also known as KLRK1 and HCST, respectively) via a binding site previously implicated in VAV1 and Grb2 recruitment. Taken together, this study implicates DAP10-mediated Grb2 and VAV1 signaling in the recruitment of an EVL-containing actin regulatory complex to the cytotoxic synapse where it can promote F-actin nucleation leading to NK cell-mediated killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelynn M Wilton
- Department of Immunology, Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Brittany L Overlee
- Division of Oncology, Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Daniel D Billadeau
- Department of Immunology, Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA .,Division of Oncology, Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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19
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Interactions between cancer stem cells, immune system and some environmental components: Friends or foes? Immunol Lett 2019; 208:19-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Wagner AK, Alici E, Lowdell MW. Characterization of human natural killer cells for therapeutic use. Cytotherapy 2019; 21:315-326. [PMID: 30910383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
As a part of the innate immune system, natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes that can exert cytotoxic activity against infected or transformed cells. Furthermore, due to their expression of a functional Fc receptor, they have also been eluded as a major effector fraction in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. These characteristics have led to multiple efforts to use them for adoptive immunotherapy against various malignancies. There are now at least 70 clinical trials testing the safety and efficacy of NK cell products around the world in early-phase clinical trials. NK cells are also being tested in the context of tumor retargeting via chimeric antigen receptors, other genetic modification strategies, as well as tumor-specific activation strategies such as bispecific engagers with or without cytokine stimulations. One advantage of the use of NK cells for adoptive immunotherapy is their potential to overcome HLA barriers. This has led to a plethora of sources, such as cord blood hematopoietic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, which can generate comparatively high cytotoxic NK cells to peripheral blood counterparts. However, the variety of the sources has led to a heterogeneity in the characterization of the final infusion product. Therefore, in this review, we will discuss a comparative assessment strategy, from characterization of NK cells at collection to final product release by various phenotypic and functional assays, in an effort to predict potency of the cellular product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnika K Wagner
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evren Alici
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark W Lowdell
- Department of Haematology, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK.
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21
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Ben-Shmuel A, Joseph N, Sabag B, Barda-Saad M. Lymphocyte mechanotransduction: The regulatory role of cytoskeletal dynamics in signaling cascades and effector functions. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 105:1261-1273. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.mr0718-267r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aviad Ben-Shmuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Applied Immunology; Bar-Ilan University; The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences; Ramat-Gan Israel
| | - Noah Joseph
- Laboratory of Molecular and Applied Immunology; Bar-Ilan University; The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences; Ramat-Gan Israel
| | - Batel Sabag
- Laboratory of Molecular and Applied Immunology; Bar-Ilan University; The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences; Ramat-Gan Israel
| | - Mira Barda-Saad
- Laboratory of Molecular and Applied Immunology; Bar-Ilan University; The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences; Ramat-Gan Israel
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22
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Wilton KM, Billadeau DD. VASP Regulates NK Cell Lytic Granule Convergence. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:2899-2909. [PMID: 30282752 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
NK cells eliminate viral-infected and malignant cells through a highly orchestrated series of cytoskeletal rearrangements, resulting in the release of cytolytic granule contents toward the target cell. Central to this process is the convergence of cytolytic granules to a common point, the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC), before delivery to the synapse. In this study, we show that vasodialator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), an actin regulatory protein, localizes to the cytolytic synapse, but surprisingly, shows no impact on conjugate formation or synaptic actin accumulation despite being required for human NK cell-mediated killing. Interestingly, we also find that a pool of VASP copurifies with lytic granules and localizes with lytic granules at the MTOC. Significantly, depletion of VASP decreased lytic granule convergence without impacting MTOC polarization. Using the KHYG-1 cell line in which lytic granules are in a constitutively converged state, we find that either VASP depletion or F-actin destabilization promoted spreading of formerly converged granules. Our results demonstrate a novel requirement for VASP and actin polymerization in maintaining lytic granule convergence during NK cell-mediated killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelynn M Wilton
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905.,Medical Scientist Training Program, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905; and
| | - Daniel D Billadeau
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905; .,Division of Oncology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
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23
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You L, Wang X, Guo Z, Zhang D, Zhang P, Li J, Su X, Pan W, Zhang X. MicroSPECT imaging of triple negative breast cancer cell tumor xenografted in athymic mice with radioiodinated anti-ICAM-1 monoclonal antibody. Appl Radiat Isot 2018; 139:20-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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24
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Martín-Antonio B, Suñe G, Perez-Amill L, Castella M, Urbano-Ispizua A. Natural Killer Cells: Angels and Devils for Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091868. [PMID: 28850071 PMCID: PMC5618517 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the relevance of the immune system to fight cancer has led to the development of immunotherapy, including the adoptive cell transfer of immune cells, such as natural killer (NK) cells and chimeric antigen receptors (CAR)-modified T cells. The discovery of donor NK cells’ anti-tumor activity in acute myeloid leukemia patients receiving allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) was the trigger to conduct many clinical trials infusing NK cells. Surprisingly, many of these studies did not obtain optimal results, suggesting that many different NK cell parameters combined with the best clinical protocol need to be optimized. Various parameters including the high array of activating receptors that NK cells have, the source of NK cells selected to treat patients, different cytotoxic mechanisms that NK cells activate depending on the target cell and tumor cell survival mechanisms need to be considered before choosing the best immunotherapeutic strategy using NK cells. In this review, we will discuss these parameters to help improve current strategies using NK cells in cancer therapy. Moreover, the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modification, which has revolutionized the concept of immunotherapy, will be discussed in the context of NK cells. Lastly, the dark side of NK cells and their involvement in inflammation will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Martín-Antonio
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Suñe
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Lorena Perez-Amill
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Maria Castella
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alvaro Urbano-Ispizua
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
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25
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Netter P, Anft M, Watzl C. Termination of the Activating NK Cell Immunological Synapse Is an Active and Regulated Process. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:2528-2535. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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26
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Yasen A, Herrera R, Rosbe K, Lien K, Tugizov SM. Release of HIV-1 sequestered in the vesicles of oral and genital mucosal epithelial cells by epithelial-lymphocyte interaction. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006247. [PMID: 28241053 PMCID: PMC5344537 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Oropharyngeal mucosal epithelia of fetuses/neonates/infants and the genital epithelia of adults play a critical role in HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission and sexual transmission of virus, respectively. To study the mechanisms of HIV-1 transmission through mucosal epithelium, we established polarized tonsil, cervical and foreskin epithelial cells. Analysis of HIV-1 transmission through epithelial cells showed that approximately 0.05% of initially inoculated virions transmigrated via epithelium. More than 90% of internalized virions were sequestered in the endosomes of epithelial cells, including multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and vacuoles. Intraepithelial HIV-1 remained infectious for 9 days without viral release. Release of sequestered intraepithelial HIV-1 was induced by the calcium ionophore ionomycin and by cytochalasin D, which increase intracellular calcium and disrupt the cortical actin of epithelial cells, respectively. Cocultivation of epithelial cells containing HIV-1 with activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells and CD4+ T lymphocytes led to the disruption of epithelial cortical actin and spread of virus from epithelial cells to lymphocytes. Treatment of epithelial cells with proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon gamma also induced reorganization of cortical actin and release of virus. Inhibition of MVB formation by small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated silencing of its critical protein hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (Hrs) expression reduced viral sequestration in epithelial cells and its transmission from epithelial cells to lymphocytes by ~60-70%. Furthermore, inhibition of vacuole formation of epithelial cells by siRNA-inactivated rabankyrin-5 expression also significantly reduced HIV-1 sequestration in epithelial cells and spread of virus from epithelial cells to lymphocytes. Interaction of the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 of epithelial cells with the function-associated antigen-1 of lymphocytes was important for inducing the release of sequestered HIV-1 from epithelial cells and facilitating cell-to-cell spread of virus from epithelial cells to lymphocytes. This mechanism may serve as a pathway of HIV-1 mucosal transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizezi Yasen
- Department of Medicine, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Rossana Herrera
- Department of Medicine, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Kristina Rosbe
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Kathy Lien
- Department of Medicine, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sharof M. Tugizov
- Department of Medicine, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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Shabani M, Nichols KE, Rezaei N. Primary immunodeficiencies associated with EBV-Induced lymphoproliferative disorders. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 108:109-127. [PMID: 27931829 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) are a subgroup of inherited immunological disorders that increase susceptibility to viral infections. Among the range of viral pathogens involved, EBV remains a major threat because of its high prevalence of infection among the adult population and its tendency to progress to life-threatening lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs) and/or malignancy. The high mortality in immunodeficient patients with EBV-driven LPDs, despite institution of diverse and often intensive treatments, prompts the need to better study these PIDs to identify and understand the affected molecular pathways that increase susceptibility to EBV infection and progression. In this article, we have provided a detailed literature review of the reported cases of EBV-driven LPDs in patients with PID. We discuss the PIDs associated with development of EBV-LPDs. Then, we review the nature and the therapeutic outcome of common EBV- driven LPDs in the PID patients and review the mechanisms common to the major PIDs. Deep study of these common pathways and gaining a better insight into the disease nature and outcomes, may lead to earlier diagnosis of the disease, choosing the best treatment modalities available and development of novel therapeutic strategies to decrease morbidity and mortality brought about by EBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsima Shabani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; International Hematology/Oncology Of Pediatrics Experts (IHOPE), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kim E Nichols
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Boston, MA, USA.
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28
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NK cell education via nonclassical MHC and non-MHC ligands. Cell Mol Immunol 2016; 14:321-330. [PMID: 27264685 PMCID: PMC5380944 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2016.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell education, a process for achieving functional maturation and self-tolerance, has been previously defined by the interaction between self-major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules and their specific inhibitory receptors. Over the past several years, growing evidence has highlighted the important roles of nonclassical MHC-I and non-MHC-I molecules in NK cell education. Herein, we review the current knowledge of NK cell education, with a particular focus on nonclassical MHC-I- and non-MHC-I-dependent education, and compare them with the classical MHC-I-dependent education theory. In addition, we update and extend this theory by presenting the 'Confining Model', discussing cis and trans characteristics, reassessing quantity and quality control, and elucidating the redundancy of NK cell education in tumor and virus infection.
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Comrie WA, Burkhardt JK. Action and Traction: Cytoskeletal Control of Receptor Triggering at the Immunological Synapse. Front Immunol 2016; 7:68. [PMID: 27014258 PMCID: PMC4779853 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that F-actin dynamics drive the micron-scale cell shape changes required for migration and immunological synapse (IS) formation. In addition, recent evidence points to a more intimate role for the actin cytoskeleton in promoting T cell activation. Mechanotransduction, the conversion of mechanical input into intracellular biochemical changes, is thought to play a critical role in several aspects of immunoreceptor triggering and downstream signal transduction. Multiple molecules associated with signaling events at the IS have been shown to respond to physical force, including the TCR, costimulatory molecules, adhesion molecules, and several downstream adapters. In at least some cases, it is clear that the relevant forces are exerted by dynamics of the T cell actomyosin cytoskeleton. Interestingly, there is evidence that the cytoskeleton of the antigen-presenting cell also plays an active role in T cell activation, by countering the molecular forces exerted by the T cell at the IS. Since actin polymerization is itself driven by TCR and costimulatory signaling pathways, a complex relationship exists between actin dynamics and receptor activation. This review will focus on recent advances in our understanding of the mechanosensitive aspects of T cell activation, paying specific attention to how F-actin-directed forces applied from both sides of the IS fit into current models of receptor triggering and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Comrie
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Janis K Burkhardt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
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Tuosto L, Capuano C, Muscolini M, Santoni A, Galandrini R. The multifaceted role of PIP2 in leukocyte biology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:4461-74. [PMID: 26265181 PMCID: PMC11113228 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) represents about 1 % of plasma membrane phospholipids and behaves as a pleiotropic regulator of a striking number of fundamental cellular processes. In recent years, an increasing body of literature has highlighted an essential role of PIP2 in multiple aspects of leukocyte biology. In this emerging picture, PIP2 is envisaged as a signalling intermediate itself and as a membrane-bound regulator and a scaffold of proteins with specific PIP2 binding domains. Indeed PIP2 plays a key role in several functions. These include directional migration in neutrophils, integrin-dependent adhesion in T lymphocytes, phagocytosis in macrophages, lysosomes secretion and trafficking at immune synapse in cytolytic effectors and secretory cells, calcium signals and gene transcription in B lymphocytes, natural killer cells and mast cells. The coordination of these different aspects relies on the spatio-temporal organisation of distinct PIP2 pools, generated by the main PIP2 generating enzyme, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase (PIP5K). Three different isoforms of PIP5K, named α, β and γ, and different splice variants have been described in leukocyte populations. The isoform-specific coupling of specific isoforms of PIP5K to different families of activating receptors, including integrins, Fc receptors, toll-like receptors and chemokine receptors, is starting to be reported. Furthermore, PIP2 is turned over by multiple metabolising enzymes including phospholipase C (PLC) γ and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) which, along with Rho family small G proteins, is widely involved in strategic functions within the immune system. The interplay between PIP2, lipid-modifying enzymes and small G protein-regulated signals is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loretta Tuosto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, Via dei Sardi 70, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Cristina Capuano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Muscolini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, Via dei Sardi 70, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Ricciarda Galandrini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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Linel P, Wu S, Deng N, Wu H. Dynamic transcriptional signatures and network responses for clinical symptoms in influenza-infected human subjects using systems biology approaches. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2015; 41:509-21. [PMID: 25015847 DOI: 10.1007/s10928-014-9365-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrate that human blood transcriptional signatures may be used to support diagnosis and clinical decisions for acute respiratory viral infections such as influenza. In this article, we propose to use a newly developed systems biology approach for time course gene expression data to identify significant dynamically response genes and dynamic gene network responses to viral infection. We illustrate the methodological pipeline by reanalyzing the time course gene expression data from a study with healthy human subjects challenged by live influenza virus. We observed clear differences in the number of significant dynamic response genes (DRGs) between the symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects and also identified DRG signatures for symptomatic subjects with influenza infection. The 505 common DRGs shared by the symptomatic subjects have high consistency with the signature genes for predicting viral infection identified in previous works. The temporal response patterns and network response features were carefully analyzed and investigated.
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32
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HCMV pUL135 remodels the actin cytoskeleton to impair immune recognition of infected cells. Cell Host Microbe 2015; 16:201-214. [PMID: 25121749 PMCID: PMC4150922 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Immune evasion genes help human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) establish lifelong persistence. Without immune pressure, laboratory-adapted HCMV strains have undergone genetic alterations. Among these, the deletion of the UL/b' domain is associated with loss of virulence. In a screen of UL/b', we identified pUL135 as a protein responsible for the characteristic cytopathic effect of clinical HCMV strains that also protected from natural killer (NK) and T cell attack. pUL135 interacted directly with abl interactor 1 (ABI1) and ABI2 to recruit the WAVE2 regulatory complex to the plasma membrane, remodel the actin cytoskeleton and dramatically reduce the efficiency of immune synapse (IS) formation. An intimate association between F-actin filaments in target cells and the IS was dispelled by pUL135 expression. Thus, F-actin in target cells plays a critical role in synaptogenesis, and this can be exploited by pathogens to protect against cytotoxic immune effector cells. An independent interaction between pUL135 and talin disrupted cell contacts with the extracellular matrix.
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Lee HR, Huh SY, Hur DY, Jeong H, Kim TS, Kim SY, Park SB, Yang Y, Bang SI, Park H, Cho D. ERDR1 enhances human NK cell cytotoxicity through an actin-regulated degranulation-dependent pathway. Cell Immunol 2015; 292:78-84. [PMID: 25460082 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Erythroid differentiation regulator 1 (ERDR1), which is a stress-related survival factor, exhibits anti-cancer effects against melanoma. However, the function of ERDR1 on immune cells has not been examined. We investigated whether ERDR1 regulates the cytotoxic ability of human natural killer (NK) cells, which are known as innate effector lymphocytes. In this study, treatment with recombinant ERDR1 resulted in enhanced NK cell cytotoxicity through the secretion of lytic granules. Furthermore, actin modulation was involved in the ERDR1-enhanced NK cell cytotoxicity. ERDR1 stimulated actin accumulation at the immunological synapse, which was induced by the activation of Vav-1 in NK cells. These findings suggest new insight into the function of ERDR1 function in the human immune system.
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Mitroulis I, Alexaki VI, Kourtzelis I, Ziogas A, Hajishengallis G, Chavakis T. Leukocyte integrins: role in leukocyte recruitment and as therapeutic targets in inflammatory disease. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 147:123-135. [PMID: 25448040 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Infection or sterile inflammation triggers site-specific attraction of leukocytes. Leukocyte recruitment is a process comprising several steps orchestrated by adhesion molecules, chemokines, cytokines and endogenous regulatory molecules. Distinct adhesive interactions between endothelial cells and leukocytes and signaling mechanisms contribute to the temporal and spatial fine-tuning of the leukocyte adhesion cascade. Central players in the leukocyte adhesion cascade include the leukocyte adhesion receptors of the β2-integrin family, such as the αLβ2 and αMβ2 integrins, or of the β1-integrin family, such as the α4β1-integrin. Given the central involvement of leukocyte recruitment in different inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, the leukocyte adhesion cascade in general, and leukocyte integrins in particular, represent key therapeutic targets. In this context, the present review focuses on the role of leukocyte integrins in the leukocyte adhesion cascade. Experimental evidence that has implicated leukocyte integrins as targets in animal models of inflammatory disorders, such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, psoriasis, inflammatory bone loss and inflammatory bowel disease as well as preclinical and clinical therapeutic applications of antibodies that target leukocyte integrins in various inflammatory disorders are presented. Finally, we review recent findings on endogenous inhibitors that modify leukocyte integrin function, which could emerge as promising therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Mitroulis
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vasileia I Alexaki
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ioannis Kourtzelis
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Athanassios Ziogas
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - George Hajishengallis
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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35
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Verma NK, Kelleher D. Adaptor regulation of LFA-1 signaling in T lymphocyte migration: Potential druggable targets for immunotherapies? Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:3484-99. [PMID: 25251823 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201344428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The integrin lymphocyte function associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) plays a key role in leukocyte trafficking and in adaptive immune responses through interactions with adhesive ligands, such as ICAM-1. Specific blockade of these interactions has validated LFA-1 as a therapeutic target in many chronic inflammatory diseases, however LFA-1 antagonists have not been clinically successful due to the development of a general immunosuppression, causing fatal side effects. Growing evidence has now established that LFA-1 mediates an array of intracellular signaling pathways by triggering a number of downstream molecules. In this context, a class of multimodular domain-containing proteins capable of recruiting two or more effector molecules, collectively known as "adaptor proteins," has emerged as important mediators in LFA-1 signal transduction. Here, we provide an overview of the adaptor proteins involved in the intracellular signaling cascades by which LFA-1 regulates T-cell motility and immune responses. The complexity of the LFA-1-associated signaling delineated in this review suggests that it may be an important and challenging focus for future research, enabling the identification of "tunable" targets for the development of immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navin K Verma
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
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36
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Lagrue K, Carisey A, Oszmiana A, Kennedy PR, Williamson DJ, Cartwright A, Barthen C, Davis DM. The central role of the cytoskeleton in mechanisms and functions of the NK cell immune synapse. Immunol Rev 2014; 256:203-21. [PMID: 24117823 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells discriminate between healthy and unhealthy target cells through a balance of activating and inhibitory signals at direct intercellular contacts called immune synapses. Rearrangements in the cellular cytoskeleton have long been known to be critical in assembly of immune synapses. Here, through bringing together the vast literature on this subject, the number of different ways in which the cytoskeleton is important becomes evident. The dynamics of filamentous actin are critical in (i) creating the nanometer-scale organization of NK cell receptors, (ii) establishing cellular polarity, (iii) coordinating immune receptor and integrin-mediated signaling, and (iv) directing secretion of lytic granules and cytokines. The microtubule network also is important in the delivery of lytic granules and vesicles containing cytokines to the immune synapse. Together, these data establish that the cytoskeleton acts as a central regulator of this complex and dynamic process - and an enormous amount of NK cell biology is controlled through the cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Lagrue
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Imperial College, London, UK
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37
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Mace EM, Dongre P, Hsu HT, Sinha P, James AM, Mann SS, Forbes LR, Watkin LB, Orange JS. Cell biological steps and checkpoints in accessing NK cell cytotoxicity. Immunol Cell Biol 2014; 92:245-55. [PMID: 24445602 PMCID: PMC3960583 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2013.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity is governed by the formation of a lytic immune synapse in discrete regulated steps, which give rise to an extensive array of cellular checkpoints in accessing NK cell-mediated cytolytic defense. Appropriate progression through these cell biological steps is critical for the directed secretion of specialized secretory lysosomes and subsequent target cell death. Here we highlight recent discoveries in the formation of the NK cell cytolytic synapse as well as the molecular steps and cell biological checkpoints required for this essential host defense process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Mace
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Prachi Dongre
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hsiang-Ting Hsu
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Papiya Sinha
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Shaina S Mann
- Case Western Reserve Medical School, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lisa R Forbes
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Levi B Watkin
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jordan S Orange
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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38
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Ham H, Billadeau DD. Human immunodeficiency syndromes affecting human natural killer cell cytolytic activity. Front Immunol 2014; 5:2. [PMID: 24478771 PMCID: PMC3896857 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system that secrete cytokines upon activation and mediate the killing of tumor cells and virus-infected cells, especially those that escape the adaptive T cell response caused by the down regulation of MHC-I. The induction of cytotoxicity requires that NK cells contact target cells through adhesion receptors, and initiate activation signaling leading to increased adhesion and accumulation of F-actin at the NK cell cytotoxic synapse. Concurrently, lytic granules undergo minus-end directed movement and accumulate at the microtubule-organizing center through the interaction with microtubule motor proteins, followed by polarization of the lethal cargo toward the target cell. Ultimately, myosin-dependent movement of the lytic granules toward the NK cell plasma membrane through F-actin channels, along with soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor-dependent fusion, promotes the release of the lytic granule contents into the cleft between the NK cell and target cell resulting in target cell killing. Herein, we will discuss several disease-causing mutations in primary immunodeficiency syndromes and how they impact NK cell-mediated killing by disrupting distinct steps of this tightly regulated process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoungjun Ham
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN , USA
| | - Daniel D Billadeau
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN , USA ; Division of Oncology Research and Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN , USA
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Comparative multidimensional molecular analyses of pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma reveals distinct molecular subtypes. Acta Neuropathol 2013; 127:881-95. [PMID: 24297113 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-013-1218-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a highly morbid form of pediatric brainstem glioma. Here, we present the first comprehensive protein, mRNA, and methylation profiles of fresh-frozen DIPG specimens (n = 14), normal brain tissue (n = 10), and other pediatric brain tumors (n = 17). Protein profiling identified 2,305 unique proteins indicating distinct DIPG protein expression patterns compared to other pediatric brain tumors. Western blot and immunohistochemistry validated upregulation of Clusterin (CLU), Elongation Factor 2 (EF2), and Talin-1 (TLN1) in DIPGs studied. Comparisons to mRNA expression profiles generated from tumor and adjacent normal brain tissue indicated two DIPG subgroups, characterized by upregulation of Myc (N-Myc) or Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. We validated upregulation of PTCH, a membrane receptor in the Hh signaling pathway, in a subgroup of DIPG specimens. DNA methylation analysis indicated global hypomethylation of DIPG compared to adjacent normal tissue specimens, with differential methylation of 24 genes involved in Hh and Myc pathways, correlating with protein and mRNA expression patterns. Sequencing analysis showed c.83A>T mutations in the H3F3A or HIST1H3B gene in 77 % of our DIPG cohort. Supervised analysis revealed a unique methylation pattern in mutated specimens compared to the wild-type DIPG samples. This study presents the first comprehensive multidimensional protein, mRNA, and methylation profiling of pediatric brain tumor specimens, detecting the presence of two subgroups within our DIPG cohort. This multidimensional analysis of DIPG provides increased analytical power to more fully explore molecular signatures of DIPGs, with implications for evaluating potential molecular subtypes and biomarker discovery for assessing response to therapy.
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40
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Mruk DD, Xiao X, Lydka M, Li MWM, Bilinska B, Cheng CY. Intercellular adhesion molecule 1: recent findings and new concepts involved in mammalian spermatogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2013; 29:43-54. [PMID: 23942142 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis, the process of spermatozoa production, is regulated by several endocrine factors, including testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and estradiol 17β. For spermatogenesis to reach completion, developing germ cells must traverse the seminiferous epithelium while remaining transiently attached to Sertoli cells. If germ cell adhesion were to be compromised for a period of time longer than usual, germ cells would slough from the seminiferous epithelium and infertility would result. Presently, Sertoli-germ cell adhesion is known to be mediated largely by classical and desmosomal cadherins. More recent studies, however, have begun to expand long-standing concepts and to examine the roles of other proteins such as intercellular adhesion molecules. In this review, we focus on the biology of intercellular adhesion molecules in the mammalian testis, hoping that this information is useful in the design of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores D Mruk
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States.
| | - Xiang Xiao
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Marta Lydka
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Michelle W M Li
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Barbara Bilinska
- Institute of Zoology, Department of Endocrinology, The Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - C Yan Cheng
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
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Natural killer cell biology: an update and future directions. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 132:536-544. [PMID: 23906377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells constitute a minor subset of normal lymphocytes that initiate innate immune responses toward tumor and virus-infected cells. They can mediate spontaneous cytotoxicity toward these abnormal cells and rapidly secrete numerous cytokines and chemokines to promote subsequent adaptive immune responses. Significant progress has been made in the past 2 decades to improve our understanding of NK cell biology. Here we review recent discoveries, including a better comprehension of the "education" of NK cells to achieve functional competence during their maturation and the discovery of "memory" responses by NK cells, suggesting that they might also contribute to adaptive immunity. The improved understanding of NK cell biology has forged greater awareness that these cells play integral early roles in immune responses. In addition, several promising clinical therapies have been used to exploit NK cell functions in treating patients with cancer. As our molecular understanding improves, these and future immunotherapies should continue to provide promising strategies to exploit the unique functions of NK cells to treat cancer, infections, and other pathologic conditions.
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Saez de Guinoa J, Barrio L, Carrasco YR. Vinculin Arrests Motile B Cells by Stabilizing Integrin Clustering at the Immune Synapse. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:2742-51. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Ascierto ML, Idowu MO, Zhao Y, Khalak H, Payne KK, Wang XY, Dumur CI, Bedognetti D, Tomei S, Ascierto PA, Shanker A, Bear HD, Wang E, Marincola FM, De Maria A, Manjili MH. Molecular signatures mostly associated with NK cells are predictive of relapse free survival in breast cancer patients. J Transl Med 2013; 11:145. [PMID: 23758773 PMCID: PMC3694475 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent observations suggest that immune-mediated tissue destruction is dependent upon coordinate activation of immune genes expressed by cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems. Methods Here, we performed a retrospective pilot study to investigate whether the coordinate expression of molecular signature mostly associated with NK cells could be used to segregate breast cancer patients into relapse and relapse-free outcomes. Results By analyzing primary breast cancer specimens derived from patients who experienced either 58–116 months (~5-9 years) relapse-free survival or developed tumor relapse within 9–76 months (~1-6 years) we found that the expression of molecules involved in activating signaling of NK cells and in NK cells: target interaction is increased in patients with favorable prognosis. Conclusions The parameters identified in this study, together with the prognostic signature previously reported by our group, highlight the cooperation between the innate and adaptive immune components within the tumor microenvironment.
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Liu X, Gibbons RM, Harrington SM, Krco CJ, Markovic SN, Kwon ED, Dong H. Endogenous tumor-reactive CD8 + T cells are differentiated effector cells expressing high levels of CD11a and PD-1 but are unable to control tumor growth. Oncoimmunology 2013; 2:e23972. [PMID: 23894697 PMCID: PMC3716732 DOI: 10.4161/onci.23972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies aimed at enhancing natural or endogenous antitumor T-cell immunity in patients affected by advanced malignancies are currently being implemented in the clinic with promising results. In order to optimize therapeutic protocols and monitor the effectiveness of such therapies, reliable biomarkers are needed. We used CD11a, an integrin that is upregulated on the surface of effector and memory CD8+ T cells, and PD-1, an immunoregulatory receptor expressed by activated T cells, as biomarkers to identify, quantify and monitor endogenous tumor-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in two mouse tumor models and in the peripheral blood of 12 patients affected by Stage IV melanoma. High expression levels of CD11a and PD-1 were detected among CD8+ T cells residing within primary and metastatic murine tumor sites, as well as in spontaneous murine breast cancer tissues. In the peripheral blood of melanoma patients, tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells were associated with a population of CD11ahigh CD8+ T cells that co-expressed high levels of PD-1. Healthy donors exhibited a comparatively much lower frequency of such PD-1+CD11ahighCD8+ T cells. Phenotypic analyses demonstrated that CD11ahighCD8+ T cells are proliferating (Ki67+) and activated (CD62L-CD69+). Increased CD11ahighCD8+ T cells and delayed tumor growth were observed in PD-1 deficient mice, suggesting that the antitumor effector functions of CD8+ T cells is compromised by an elevated expression of PD-1. The CD11ahighCD8+ T-cell population expresses high levels of PD-1 and presumably constitutes the cellular target of PD-1 blockade therapy. The expression level of CD11a and PD-1 by CD8+ T cells may therefore represent a novel biomarker to identify and monitor endogenous tumor-reactive CTLs. This may not only provide an immunological readout for evaluating the efficacy of immunotherapy but also contribute to the selection of cancer patients who are likely to benefit from anti-PD-1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Urology; College of Medicine; Mayo Clinic; Rochester, MN USA
| | - Rachel M. Gibbons
- Department of Immunology; College of Medicine; Mayo Clinic; Rochester, MN USA
| | | | | | - Svetomir N. Markovic
- Department of Hematology and Oncology; College of Medicine; Mayo Clinic; Rochester, MN USA
| | - Eugene D. Kwon
- Department of Urology; College of Medicine; Mayo Clinic; Rochester, MN USA
- Department of Immunology; College of Medicine; Mayo Clinic; Rochester, MN USA
| | - Haidong Dong
- Department of Urology; College of Medicine; Mayo Clinic; Rochester, MN USA
- Department of Immunology; College of Medicine; Mayo Clinic; Rochester, MN USA
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Gumbleton M, Kerr WG. Role of inositol phospholipid signaling in natural killer cell biology. Front Immunol 2013; 4:47. [PMID: 23508471 PMCID: PMC3589743 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are important for host defense against malignancy and infection. At a cellular level NK cells are activated when signals from activating receptors exceed signaling from inhibitory receptors. At a molecular level NK cells undergo an education process to both prevent autoimmunity and acquire lytic capacity. Mouse models have shown important roles for inositol phospholipid signaling in lymphocytes. NK cells from mice with deletion in different members of the inositol phospholipid signaling pathway exhibit defects in development, NK cell repertoire expression and effector function. Here we review the current state of knowledge concerning the function of inositol phospholipid signaling components in NK cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Gumbleton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University Syracuse, NY, USA
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Ham H, Guerrier S, Kim J, Schoon RA, Anderson EL, Hamann MJ, Lou Z, Billadeau DD. Dedicator of cytokinesis 8 interacts with talin and Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein to regulate NK cell cytotoxicity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:3661-9. [PMID: 23455509 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recently, patients with mutations in DOCK8 have been reported to have a combined immunodeficiency characterized by cutaneous viral infections and allergies. NK cells represent a first-line defense against viral infections, suggesting that DOCK8 might participate in NK cell function. In this study, we demonstrate that DOCK8-suppressed human NK cells showed defects in natural cytotoxicity as well as specific activating receptor-mediated NK cytotoxicity. Additionally, compared with control NK cells, NK cells depleted of DOCK8 showed defective conjugate formation, along with decreased polarization of LFA-1, F-actin, and cytolytic granules toward the cytotoxic synapse. Using a proteomic approach, we found that DOCK8 exists in a macromolecular complex with the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein, an actin nucleation-promoting factor activated by CDC42, as well as talin, which is required for integrin-mediated adhesion. Taken together, our results demonstrate an important role for DOCK8 in NK cell effector function and provide important new mechanistic insight into how DOCK8 regulates F-actin and integrin-mediated adhesion in immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoungjun Ham
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION LFA-1 is an adhesion molecule which belongs to the β2-integrin family. Overexpression of LFA-1 in hepatic natural killer cells has been associated with increased apoptosis of neoplastic cells in colorectal cancer (CRC); moreover, studies in CRC have linked LFA-1 overexpression in neoplastic cells with vascular intrusion through adhesion to endothelial cells, thus implying a possible role in creation of metastases. AIMS AND METHODS We studied the expression of LFA-1 in a series of 82 patients with CRC. A standard three-step immunohistochemical analysis was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. An IgG2a anti-CD11a monoclonal antibody was used. Cases were characterized according to clinicopathological variables including sex, age, tumor localization, size, grade, Dukes stage, wall invasion, and presence of metastatic lymph nodes (mLNs) or distal metastases. RESULTS LFA-1 was expressed at the primary tumor site in 51 cases and 6/33 cases with metastatic lymphnodes. In Dukes D cases (n = 4), only one case was LFA-1(+). LFA-1 expression at the primary tumor site was associated with the absence of metastatic disease and with Dukes B stage. However, in those cases with LFA-1 expression in cancer cells in mLNs, this was associated with its expression at the primary tumor site. CONCLUSION The positive association of LFA-1 expression in mLNs when the primary tumor site is also LFA-1(+) could imply an adaptation advantage of this specific cellular clone to its micro-environment, predisposing it to creation of mLNs, pointing to a role for LFA-1 in creation of mLNs in CRC.
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Long EO, Kim HS, Liu D, Peterson ME, Rajagopalan S. Controlling natural killer cell responses: integration of signals for activation and inhibition. Annu Rev Immunol 2013; 31:227-58. [PMID: 23516982 PMCID: PMC3868343 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-020711-075005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 867] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how signals are integrated to control natural killer (NK) cell responsiveness in the absence of antigen-specific receptors has been a challenge, but recent work has revealed some underlying principles that govern NK cell responses. NK cells use an array of innate receptors to sense their environment and respond to alterations caused by infections, cellular stress, and transformation. No single activation receptor dominates; instead, synergistic signals from combinations of receptors are integrated to activate natural cytotoxicity and cytokine production. Inhibitory receptors for major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) have a critical role in controlling NK cell responses and, paradoxically, in maintaining NK cells in a state of responsiveness to subsequent activation events, a process referred to as licensing. MHC-I-specific inhibitory receptors both block activation signals and trigger signals to phosphorylate and inactivate the small adaptor Crk. These different facets of inhibitory signaling are incorporated into a revocable license model for the reversible tuning of NK cell responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric O. Long
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852
| | - Hun Sik Kim
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, University of Ulsan, Seoul 138-736, Korea;
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030;
| | - Mary E. Peterson
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852
| | - Sumati Rajagopalan
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852
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Lafouresse F, Cotta-de-Almeida V, Malet-Engra G, Galy A, Valitutti S, Dupré L. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein controls antigen-presenting cell-driven CD4+ T-cell motility by regulating adhesion to intercellular adhesion molecule-1. Immunology 2012; 137:183-96. [PMID: 22804504 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2012.03620.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell scanning for antigen-presenting cells (APC) is a finely tuned process. Whereas non-cognate APC trigger T-cell motility via chemokines and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), cognate APC deliver a stop signal resulting from antigen recognition. We tested in vitro the contribution of the actin cytoskeleton regulator Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) to the scanning activity of primary human CD4(+) T cells. WASP knock-down resulted in increased T-cell motility upon encounter with non-cognate dendritic cells or B cells and reduced capacity to stop following antigen recognition. The high motility of WASP-deficient T cells was accompanied by a diminished ability to round up and to stabilize pauses. WASP-deficient T cells migrated in a normal proportion towards CXCL12, CCL19 and CCL21, but displayed an increased adhesion and elongation on ICAM-1. The elongated morphology of WASP-deficient T cells was related to a reduced confinement of high-affinity lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 to the mid-cell zone. Our data therefore indicate that WASP controls CD4(+) T-cell motility upon APC encounter by regulating lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 spatial distribution.
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PIP2-dependent regulation of Munc13-4 endocytic recycling: impact on the cytolytic secretory pathway. Blood 2012; 119:2252-62. [PMID: 22271450 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-12-324160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic lymphocytes clear infected and transformed cells by releasing the content of lytic granules at cytolytic synapses, and the ability of cytolytic effectors to kill in an iterative manner has been documented previously. Although bidirectional trafficking of cytolytic machinery components along the endosomal pathway has begun to be elucidated, the molecular mechanisms coordinating granule retrieval remain completely unexplored. In the present study, we focus on the lytic granule priming factor Munc13-4, the mutation of which in familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type 3 results in a profound defect of cytotoxic function. We addressed the role of phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PIP2) in the regulation of Munc13-4 compartmentalization. We observed that in human natural killer cells, PIP2 is highly enriched in membrane rafts. Granule secretion triggering induces a transient Munc13-4 raft recruitment, followed by AP-2/clathrin-dependent internalization. Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase (PIP5K) γ gene silencing leads to the impairment of granule secretion associated with increased levels of raft-associated Munc13-4, which is attributable to a defect in AP-2 membrane recruitment. In such conditions, the ability to subsequently kill multiple targets was significantly impaired. These observations indicate that Munc13-4 reinternalization is required for the maintenance of an intracellular pool that is functional to guarantee the serial killing potential.
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