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Felipe Fumero E, Walter C, Frenz JM, Seifert F, Alla V, Hennig T, Angenendt L, Hartmann W, Wolf S, Serve H, Oellerich T, Lenz G, Müller-Tidow C, Schliemann C, Huber O, Dugas M, Mann M, Jayavelu AK, Mikesch JH, Arteaga MF. Epigenetic control over the cell-intrinsic immune response antagonizes self-renewal in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2024; 143:2284-2299. [PMID: 38457355 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023021640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Epigenetic modulation of the cell-intrinsic immune response holds promise as a therapeutic approach for leukemia. However, current strategies designed for transcriptional activation of endogenous transposons and subsequent interferon type-I (IFN-I) response, show limited clinical efficacy. Histone lysine methylation is an epigenetic signature in IFN-I response associated with suppression of IFN-I and IFN-stimulated genes, suggesting histone demethylation as key mechanism of reactivation. In this study, we unveil the histone demethylase PHF8 as a direct initiator and regulator of cell-intrinsic immune response in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Site-specific phosphorylation of PHF8 orchestrates epigenetic changes that upregulate cytosolic RNA sensors, particularly the TRIM25-RIG-I-IFIT5 axis, thereby triggering the cellular IFN-I response-differentiation-apoptosis network. This signaling cascade largely counteracts differentiation block and growth of human AML cells across various disease subtypes in vitro and in vivo. Through proteome analysis of over 200 primary AML bone marrow samples, we identify a distinct PHF8/IFN-I signature in half of the patient population, without significant associations with known clinically or genetically defined AML subgroups. This profile was absent in healthy CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells, suggesting therapeutic applicability in a large fraction of patients with AML. Pharmacological support of PHF8 phosphorylation significantly impairs the growth in samples from patients with primary AML. These findings provide novel opportunities for harnessing the cell-intrinsic immune response in the development of immunotherapeutic strategies against AML.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Animals
- Histone Demethylases/genetics
- Histone Demethylases/metabolism
- Mice
- Interferon Type I/metabolism
- Cell Self Renewal
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolin Walter
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Gerhard-Domagk-Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Joris Maximillian Frenz
- Proteomics and Cancer Cell Signaling Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Franca Seifert
- Department of Medicine A, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Vijay Alla
- Department of Medicine A, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Thorben Hennig
- Proteomics and Cancer Cell Signaling Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Linus Angenendt
- Department of Medicine A, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Hartmann
- Division of Translational Pathology, Gerhard-Domagk-Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wolf
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hubert Serve
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thomas Oellerich
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Georg Lenz
- Department of Medicine A, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | | | | | - Otmar Huber
- Department of Biochemistry II, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Dugas
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ashok Kumar Jayavelu
- Proteomics and Cancer Cell Signaling Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan-Henrik Mikesch
- Department of Medicine A, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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Jin X, Zhang R, Fu Y, Zhu Q, Hong L, Wu A, Wang H. Unveiling aging dynamics in the hematopoietic system insights from single-cell technologies. Brief Funct Genomics 2024:elae019. [PMID: 38688725 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elae019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
As the demographic structure shifts towards an aging society, strategies aimed at slowing down or reversing the aging process become increasingly essential. Aging is a major predisposing factor for many chronic diseases in humans. The hematopoietic system, comprising blood cells and their associated bone marrow microenvironment, intricately participates in hematopoiesis, coagulation, immune regulation and other physiological phenomena. The aging process triggers various alterations within the hematopoietic system, serving as a spectrum of risk factors for hematopoietic disorders, including clonal hematopoiesis, immune senescence, myeloproliferative neoplasms and leukemia. The emerging single-cell technologies provide novel insights into age-related changes in the hematopoietic system. In this review, we summarize recent studies dissecting hematopoietic system aging using single-cell technologies. We discuss cellular changes occurring during aging in the hematopoietic system at the levels of the genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, metabolomics and spatial multi-omics. Finally, we contemplate the future prospects of single-cell technologies, emphasizing the impact they may bring to the field of hematopoietic system aging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Jin
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Third People's Hospital of Deqing, Deqing Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Ruohan Zhang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Third People's Hospital of Deqing, Deqing Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yunqi Fu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Third People's Hospital of Deqing, Deqing Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Qiunan Zhu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Third People's Hospital of Deqing, Deqing Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Liquan Hong
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Third People's Hospital of Deqing, Deqing Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Aiwei Wu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Third People's Hospital of Deqing, Deqing Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Hu Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Third People's Hospital of Deqing, Deqing Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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Mo J, Wan MT, Au DWT, Shi J, Tam N, Qin X, Cheung NKM, Lai KP, Winkler C, Kong RYC, Seemann F. Transgenerational bone toxicity in F3 medaka (Oryzias latipes) induced by ancestral benzo[a]pyrene exposure: Cellular and transcriptomic insights. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 127:336-348. [PMID: 36522066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a ubiquitous pollutant, raises environmental health concerns due to induction of bone toxicity in the unexposed offspring. Exposure of F0 ancestor medaka (Oryzias latipes) to 1 µg/L BaP for 21 days causes reduced vertebral bone thickness in the unexposed F3 male offspring. To reveal the inherited modifications, osteoblast (OB) abundance and molecular signaling pathways of transgenerational BaP-induced bone thinning were assessed. Histomorphometric analysis showed a reduction in OB abundance. Analyses of the miRNA and mRNA transcriptomes revealed the dysregulation of Wnt signaling (frzb/ola-miR-1-3p, sfrp5/ola-miR-96-5p/miR-455-5p) and bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp) signaling (bmp3/ola-miR-96-5p/miR-181b-5p/miR-199a-5p/miR-205-5p/miR-455-5p). Both pathways are major indicators of impaired bone formation, while the altered Rank signaling in osteoclasts (c-fos/miR-205-5p) suggests a potentially augmented bone resorption. Interestingly, a typical BaP-responsive pathway, the Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress response (gst/ola-miR-181b-5p/miR-199a-5p/miR-205), was also affected. Moreover, mRNA levels of epigenetic modification enzymes (e.g., hdac6, hdac7, kdm5b) were found dysregulated. The findings indicated that epigenetic factors (e.g., miRNAs, histone modifications) may directly regulate the expression of genes associated with transgenerational BaP bone toxicity and warrants further studies. The identified candidate genes and miRNAs may serve as potential biomarkers for BaP-induced bone disease and as indicators of historic exposures in wild fish for conservation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiezhang Mo
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510000, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Miles Teng Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Doris Wai-Ting Au
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jingchun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nathan Tam
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xian Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Napo K M Cheung
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Keng Po Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Guilin Medical University, Huan Cheng North 2nd Road 109, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Christoph Winkler
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Richard Yuen-Chong Kong
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510000, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Frauke Seemann
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510000, China; Center for Coastal Studies and Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, Texas 78412, USA.
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Emerging Evidence of the Significance of Thioredoxin-1 in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Aging. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071291. [PMID: 35883782 PMCID: PMC9312246 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The United States is undergoing a demographic shift towards an older population with profound economic, social, and healthcare implications. The number of Americans aged 65 and older will reach 80 million by 2040. The shift will be even more dramatic in the extremes of age, with a projected 400% increase in the population over 85 years old in the next two decades. Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of ageing is crucial to reduce ageing-associated disease and to improve the quality of life for the elderly. In this review, we summarized the changes associated with the ageing of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and what is known about some of the key underlying cellular and molecular pathways. We focus here on the effects of reactive oxygen species and the thioredoxin redox homeostasis system on ageing biology in HSCs and the HSC microenvironment. We present additional data from our lab demonstrating the key role of thioredoxin-1 in regulating HSC ageing.
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5
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A PRC2-Kdm5b axis sustains tumorigenicity of acute myeloid leukemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2122940119. [PMID: 35217626 PMCID: PMC8892512 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2122940119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs) with the NUP98-NSD1 or mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) rearrangement (MLL-r) share transcriptomic profiles associated with stemness-related gene signatures and display poor prognosis. The molecular underpinnings of AML aggressiveness and stemness remain far from clear. Studies with EZH2 enzymatic inhibitors show that polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is crucial for tumorigenicity in NUP98-NSD1+ AML, whereas transcriptomic analysis reveal that Kdm5b, a lysine demethylase gene carrying "bivalent" chromatin domains, is directly repressed by PRC2. While ectopic expression of Kdm5b suppressed AML growth, its depletion not only promoted tumorigenicity but also attenuated anti-AML effects of PRC2 inhibitors, demonstrating a PRC2-|Kdm5b axis for AML oncogenesis. Integrated RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq), and Cleavage Under Targets & Release Using Nuclease (CUT&RUN) profiling also showed that Kdm5b directly binds and represses AML stemness genes. The anti-AML effect of Kdm5b relies on its chromatin association and/or scaffold functions rather than its demethylase activity. Collectively, this study describes a molecular axis that involves histone modifiers (PRC2-|Kdm5b) for sustaining AML oncogenesis.
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Staehle HF, Pahl HL, Jutzi JS. The Cross Marks the Spot: The Emerging Role of JmjC Domain-Containing Proteins in Myeloid Malignancies. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121911. [PMID: 34944554 PMCID: PMC8699298 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone methylation tightly regulates chromatin accessibility, transcription, proliferation, and cell differentiation, and its perturbation contributes to oncogenic reprogramming of cells. In particular, many myeloid malignancies show evidence of epigenetic dysregulation. Jumonji C (JmjC) domain-containing proteins comprise a large and diverse group of histone demethylases (KDMs), which remove methyl groups from lysines in histone tails and other proteins. Cumulating evidence suggests an emerging role for these demethylases in myeloid malignancies, rendering them attractive targets for drug interventions. In this review, we summarize the known functions of Jumonji C (JmjC) domain-containing proteins in myeloid malignancies. We highlight challenges in understanding the context-dependent mechanisms of these proteins and explore potential future pharmacological targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Felix Staehle
- Division of Molecular Hematology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79098 Freiburg, Germany; (H.F.S.); (H.L.P.)
| | - Heike Luise Pahl
- Division of Molecular Hematology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79098 Freiburg, Germany; (H.F.S.); (H.L.P.)
| | - Jonas Samuel Jutzi
- Division of Molecular Hematology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79098 Freiburg, Germany; (H.F.S.); (H.L.P.)
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, MA, USA
- Correspondence:
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Borch Jensen M, Marblestone A. In vivo Pooled Screening: A Scalable Tool to Study the Complexity of Aging and Age-Related Disease. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2021; 2:714926. [PMID: 35822038 PMCID: PMC9261400 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.714926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biological aging, and the diseases of aging, occur in a complex in vivo environment, driven by multiple interacting processes. A convergence of recently developed technologies has enabled in vivo pooled screening: direct administration of a library of different perturbations to a living animal, with a subsequent readout that distinguishes the identity of each perturbation and its effect on individual cells within the animal. Such screens hold promise for efficiently applying functional genomics to aging processes in the full richness of the in vivo setting. In this review, we describe the technologies behind in vivo pooled screening, including a range of options for delivery, perturbation and readout methods, and outline their potential application to aging and age-related disease. We then suggest how in vivo pooled screening, together with emerging innovations in each of its technological underpinnings, could be extended to shed light on key open questions in aging biology, including the mechanisms and limits of epigenetic reprogramming and identifying cellular mediators of systemic signals in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Borch Jensen
- Gordian Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Martin Borch Jensen, ; Adam Marblestone,
| | - Adam Marblestone
- Astera Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Federation of American Scientists, Washington D.C., CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Martin Borch Jensen, ; Adam Marblestone,
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8
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Udroiu I, Sgura A. Growing and aging of hematopoietic stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:594-604. [PMID: 34249229 PMCID: PMC8246248 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i6.594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the hematopoietic system, a small number of stem cells produce a progeny of several distinct lineages. During ontogeny, they arise in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region of the embryo and the placenta, afterwards colonise the liver and finally the bone marrow. After this fetal phase of rapid expansion, the number of hematopoietic stem cells continues to grow, in order to sustain the increasing blood volume of the developing newborn, and eventually reaches a steady-state. The kinetics of this growth are mirrored by the rates of telomere shortening in leukocytes. During adulthood, hematopoietic stem cells undergo a very small number of cell divisions. Nonetheless, they are subjected to aging, eventually reducing their potential to produce differentiated progeny. The causal relationships between telomere shortening, DNA damage, epigenetic changes, and aging have still to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion Udroiu
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Antonella Sgura
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome 00146, Italy
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9
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Chagraoui J, Girard S, Spinella JF, Simon L, Bonneil E, Mayotte N, MacRae T, Coulombe-Huntington J, Bertomeu T, Moison C, Tomellini E, Thibault P, Tyers M, Marinier A, Sauvageau G. UM171 Preserves Epigenetic Marks that Are Reduced in Ex Vivo Culture of Human HSCs via Potentiation of the CLR3-KBTBD4 Complex. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:48-62.e6. [PMID: 33417871 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) exhibit attrition of their self-renewal capacity when cultured ex vivo, a process that is partially reversed upon treatment with epigenetic modifiers, most notably inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACs) or lysine-specific demethylase LSD1. A recent study showed that the human HSC self-renewal agonist UM171 modulates the CoREST complex, leading to LSD1 degradation, whose inhibition mimics the activity of UM171. The mechanism underlying the UM171-mediated loss of CoREST function remains undetermined. We now report that UM171 potentiates the activity of a CULLIN3-E3 ubiquitin ligase (CRL3) complex whose target specificity is dictated by the poorly characterized Kelch/BTB domain protein KBTBD4. CRL3KBTBD4 targets components of the LSD1/RCOR1 corepressor complex for proteasomal degradation, hence re-establishing H3K4me2 and H3K27ac epigenetic marks, which are rapidly decreased upon ex vivo culture of human HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalila Chagraoui
- Molecular Genetics of Stem Cells Laboratory, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Girard
- Molecular Genetics of Stem Cells Laboratory, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Francois Spinella
- Molecular Genetics of Stem Cells Laboratory, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Laura Simon
- Molecular Genetics of Stem Cells Laboratory, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Bonneil
- Departments of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nadine Mayotte
- Molecular Genetics of Stem Cells Laboratory, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tara MacRae
- Molecular Genetics of Stem Cells Laboratory, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jasmin Coulombe-Huntington
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thierry Bertomeu
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Celine Moison
- Molecular Genetics of Stem Cells Laboratory, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Elisa Tomellini
- Molecular Genetics of Stem Cells Laboratory, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Thibault
- Departments of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mike Tyers
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anne Marinier
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Guy Sauvageau
- Molecular Genetics of Stem Cells Laboratory, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Division of Hematology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Yu W, Lutz C, Krämer A, Schmidt-Zachmann MS. The JmjC-domain protein NO66/RIOX-1 affects the balance between proliferation and maturation in acute myeloid leukemia. Exp Cell Res 2021; 402:112566. [PMID: 33745927 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As epigenetic regulators are frequently dysregulated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) we determined expression levels of the JmjC-protein NO66 in AML cell lines and sub fractions of healthy human hematopoietic cells. NO66 is absent in the AML cell lines KG1/KG1a which consist of cells with the immature CD34+/CD38- phenotype and is regarded as a "stem cell-like" model system. Similarly, NO66 is not detectable in CD34+/CD38- cells purified from healthy donors but is clearly expressed in the more committed CD34+/CD38+ cell population. Loss of NO66 expression in KG1/KG1a cells is due to hyper-methylation of its promoter and is released by DNA-methyltransferase inhibitors. In KG1a cells stably expressing exogenous wild type (KG1a66wt) or enzymatically inactive mutant (KG1a66mut) NO66, respectively, the wild type protein inhibited proliferation and rDNA transcription. Gene expression profiling revealed that the expression of NO66 induces a transcriptional program enriched for genes with roles in proliferation and maturation (e.g.EPDR1, FCER1A, CD247, MYCN, SNORD13). Genes important for the maintenance of stem cell properties are downregulated (e.g. SIRPA, Lin28B, JAML). Our results indicate that NO66 induces lineage commitment towards myeloid progenitor cell fate and suggest that NO66 contributes to loss of stem cell properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Yu
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Hematology/Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Christoph Lutz
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Alwin Krämer
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Hematology/Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Marion S Schmidt-Zachmann
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Hematology/Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
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11
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Tognon CE, Sears RC, Mills GB, Gray JW, Tyner JW. Ex Vivo Analysis of Primary Tumor Specimens for Evaluation of Cancer Therapeutics. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY-SERIES 2020; 5:39-57. [PMID: 34222745 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-043020-125955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The use of ex vivo drug sensitivity testing to predict drug activity in individual patients has been actively explored for almost 50 years without delivering a generally useful predictive capability. However, extended failure should not be an indicator of futility. This is especially true in cancer research where ultimate success is often preceded by less successful attempts. For example, both immune- and genetic-based targeted therapies for cancer underwent numerous failed attempts before biological understanding, improved targets, and optimized drug development matured to facilitate an arsenal of transformational drugs. Similarly, the concept of directly assessing drug sensitivity of primary tumor biopsies-and the use of this information to help direct therapeutic approaches-has a long history with a definitive learning curve. In this review, we will survey the history of ex vivo testing as well as the current state of the art for this field. We will present an update on methodologies and approaches, describe the use of these technologies to test cutting-edge drug classes, and describe an increasingly nuanced understanding of tumor types and models for which this strategy is most likely to succeed. We will consider the relative strengths and weaknesses of predicting drug activity across the broad biological context of cancer patients and tumor types. This will include an analysis of the potential for ex vivo drug sensitivity testing to accurately predict drug activity within each of the biological hallmarks of cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina E Tognon
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Rosalie C Sears
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University.,Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University.,Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and Science University
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University.,Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and Science University.,Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Joe W Gray
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University.,Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and Science University.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University.,Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Jeffrey W Tyner
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University.,Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University
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12
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van den Berk P, Lancini C, Company C, Serresi M, Sanchez-Bailon MP, Hulsman D, Pritchard C, Song JY, Schmitt MJ, Tanger E, Popp O, Mertins P, Huijbers IJ, Jacobs H, van Lohuizen M, Gargiulo G, Citterio E. USP15 Deubiquitinase Safeguards Hematopoiesis and Genome Integrity in Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Leukemia Cells. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108533. [PMID: 33378683 PMCID: PMC7788286 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Altering ubiquitination by disruption of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) affects hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) maintenance. However, comprehensive knowledge of DUB function during hematopoiesis in vivo is lacking. Here, we systematically inactivate DUBs in mouse hematopoietic progenitors using in vivo small hairpin RNA (shRNA) screens. We find that multiple DUBs may be individually required for hematopoiesis and identify ubiquitin-specific protease 15 (USP15) as essential for HSC maintenance in vitro and in transplantations and Usp15 knockout (KO) mice in vivo. USP15 is highly expressed in human hematopoietic tissues and leukemias. USP15 depletion in murine progenitors and leukemia cells impairs in vitro expansion and increases genotoxic stress. In leukemia cells, USP15 interacts with and stabilizes FUS (fused in sarcoma), a known DNA repair factor, directly linking USP15 to the DNA damage response (DDR). Our study underscores the importance of DUBs in preserving normal hematopoiesis and uncovers USP15 as a critical DUB in safeguarding genome integrity in HSCs and leukemia cells. In vivo shRNAs screens for deubiquitinases identify regulators of murine hematopoiesis Usp15 deletion compromises HSC maintenance and reconstitution potential in vivo USP15 loss affects genome integrity and growth of mHSPCs and human leukemia cells In human leukemia cells, USP15 stabilizes its interactor, FUS, a DNA repair factor
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul van den Berk
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Cesare Lancini
- Division of Molecular Genetics, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Carlos Company
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13092 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michela Serresi
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13092 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Danielle Hulsman
- Division of Molecular Genetics, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands; ONCODE Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Colin Pritchard
- Transgenic Core Facility, Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA), the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Ji-Ying Song
- Division of Experimental Animal Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Matthias Jürgen Schmitt
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13092 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ellen Tanger
- Division of Molecular Genetics, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Oliver Popp
- Proteomics Platform, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Berlin Institute of Health, Robert Rössle Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Mertins
- Proteomics Platform, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Berlin Institute of Health, Robert Rössle Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ivo J Huijbers
- Transgenic Core Facility, Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA), the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Heinz Jacobs
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten van Lohuizen
- Division of Molecular Genetics, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands; ONCODE Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gaetano Gargiulo
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13092 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Elisabetta Citterio
- Division of Molecular Genetics, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands; ONCODE Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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13
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Zhang L, Mack R, Breslin P, Zhang J. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of aging in hematopoietic stem cells and their niches. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:157. [PMID: 33228751 PMCID: PMC7686726 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00994-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging drives the genetic and epigenetic changes that result in a decline in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) functioning. Such changes lead to aging-related hematopoietic/immune impairments and hematopoietic disorders. Understanding how such changes are initiated and how they progress will help in the development of medications that could improve the quality life for the elderly and to treat and possibly prevent aging-related hematopoietic diseases. Here, we review the most recent advances in research into HSC aging and discuss the role of HSC-intrinsic events, as well as those that relate to the aging bone marrow niche microenvironment in the overall processes of HSC aging. In addition, we discuss the potential mechanisms by which HSC aging is regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Ryan Mack
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Peter Breslin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.,Departments of Molecular/Cellular Physiology and Department of Biology, Loyola University Medical Center and Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA
| | - Jiwang Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
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14
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Wang X, Broxmeyer HE. DUSP16 is a regulator of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and promotes their expansion ex vivo. Leukemia 2020; 35:1516-1520. [PMID: 33077868 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-01064-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuepeng Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Hal E Broxmeyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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15
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Fu YD, Huang MJ, Guo JW, You YZ, Liu HM, Huang LH, Yu B. Targeting histone demethylase KDM5B for cancer treatment. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 208:112760. [PMID: 32883639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
KDM5B (Lysine-Specific Demethylase 5B) erases the methyl group from H3K4me2/3, which performs wide regulatory effects on chromatin structure, and represses the transcriptional function of genes. KDM5B functions as an oncogene and associates with human cancers closely. Targeting KDM5B has been a promising direction for curing cancer since the emergence of potent KDM5B inhibitor CPI-455. In this area, most reported KDM5B inhibitors are Fe (Ⅱ) chelators, which also compete with the cofactor 2-OG in the active pockets. Besides, Some KDM5B inhibitors have been identified through high throughput screening or biochemical screening. In this reviewing article, we summarized the pioneering progress in KDM5B to provide a comprehensive realization, including crystal structure, transcriptional regulation function, cancer-related functions, development of inhibitors, and SAR studies. We hope to provide a comprehensive overview of KDM5B and the development of KDM5B inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Dong Fu
- Green Catalysis Center, And College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ming-Jie Huang
- Green Catalysis Center, And College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jia-Wen Guo
- Green Catalysis Center, And College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ya-Zhen You
- Green Catalysis Center, And College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Li-Hua Huang
- Green Catalysis Center, And College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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16
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Kobayashi M, Lin Y, Mishra A, Shelly C, Gao R, Reeh CW, Wang PZ, Xi R, Liu Y, Wenzel P, Ghosn E, Liu Y, Yoshimoto M. Bmi1 Maintains the Self-Renewal Property of Innate-like B Lymphocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:3262-3272. [PMID: 32332108 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The self-renewal ability is a unique property of fetal-derived innate-like B-1a lymphocytes, which survive and function without being replenished by bone marrow (BM) progenitors. However, the mechanism by which IgM-secreting mature B-1a lymphocytes self-renew is poorly understood. In this study, we showed that Bmi1 was critically involved in this process. Although Bmi1 is considered essential for lymphopoiesis, the number of mature conventional B cells was not altered when Bmi1 was deleted in the B cell lineage. In contrast, the number of peritoneal B-1a cells was significantly reduced. Peritoneal cell transfer assays revealed diminished self-renewal ability of Bmi1-deleted B-1a cells, which was restored by additional deletion of Ink4-Arf, the well-known target of Bmi1 Fetal liver cells with B cell-specific Bmi1 deletion failed to repopulate peritoneal B-1a cells, but not other B-2 lymphocytes after transplantation assays, suggesting that Bmi1 may be involved in the developmental process of B-1 progenitors to mature B-1a cells. Although Bmi1 deletion has also been shown to alter the microenvironment for hematopoietic stem cells, fat-associated lymphoid clusters, the reported niche for B-1a cells, were not impaired in Bmi1 -/- mice. RNA expression profiling suggested lysine demethylase 5B (Kdm5b) as another possible target of Bmi1, which was elevated in Bmi1-/- B-1a cells in a stress setting and might repress B-1a cell proliferation. Our work has indicated that Bmi1 plays pivotal roles in self-renewal and maintenance of fetal-derived B-1a cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Kobayashi
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Yang Lin
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Akansha Mishra
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Chris Shelly
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Rui Gao
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Colton W Reeh
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Paul Zhiping Wang
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Rongwen Xi
- National Institute of Biological Science, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Pamela Wenzel
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Eliver Ghosn
- Department of Medicine, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322; and.,Department of Pediatrics, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Yan Liu
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202;
| | - Momoko Yoshimoto
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030;
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17
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Li X, Zeng X, Xu Y, Wang B, Zhao Y, Lai X, Qian P, Huang H. Mechanisms and rejuvenation strategies for aged hematopoietic stem cells. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:31. [PMID: 32252797 PMCID: PMC7137344 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00864-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) aging, which is accompanied by reduced self-renewal ability, impaired homing, myeloid-biased differentiation, and other defects in hematopoietic reconstitution function, is a hot topic in stem cell research. Although the number of HSCs increases with age in both mice and humans, the increase cannot compensate for the defects of aged HSCs. Many studies have been performed from various perspectives to illustrate the potential mechanisms of HSC aging; however, the detailed molecular mechanisms remain unclear, blocking further exploration of aged HSC rejuvenation. To determine how aged HSC defects occur, we provide an overview of differences in the hallmarks, signaling pathways, and epigenetics of young and aged HSCs as well as of the bone marrow niche wherein HSCs reside. Notably, we summarize the very recent studies which dissect HSC aging at the single-cell level. Furthermore, we review the promising strategies for rejuvenating aged HSC functions. Considering that the incidence of many hematological malignancies is strongly associated with age, our HSC aging review delineates the association between functional changes and molecular mechanisms and may have significant clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangjun Zeng
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulin Xu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Binsheng Wang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmin Zhao
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Lai
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengxu Qian
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. .,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Histone lysine demethylase KDM5B maintains chronic myeloid leukemia via multiple epigenetic actions. Exp Hematol 2020; 82:53-65. [PMID: 32007477 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The histone lysine demethylase KDM5 family is implicated in normal development and stem cell maintenance by epigenetic modulation of histone methylation status. Deregulation of the KDM5 family has been reported in various types of cancers, including hematological malignancies. However, their transcriptional regulatory roles in the context of leukemia remain unclear. Here, we find that KDM5B is strongly expressed in normal CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells. Knockdown of KDM5B in K562 CML cells reduced leukemia colony-forming potential. Transcriptome profiling of KDM5B knockdown K562 cells revealed the deregulation of genes involved in myeloid differentiation and Toll-like receptor signaling. Through the integration of transcriptome and ChIP-seq profiling data, we show that KDM5B is enriched at the binding sites of the GATA and AP-1 transcription factor families, suggesting their collaborations in the regulation of transcription. Even though the binding of KDM5B substantially overlapped with H3K4me1 or H3K4me3 mark at gene promoters, only a small subset of the KDM5B targets showed differential expression in association with the histone demethylation activity. By characterizing the interacting proteins in K562 cells, we discovered that KDM5B recruits protein complexes involved in the mRNA processing machinery, implying an alternative epigenetic action mediated by KDM5B in gene regulation. Our study highlights the oncogenic functions of KDM5B in CML cells and suggests that KDM5B is vital to the transcriptional regulation via multiple epigenetic mechanisms.
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19
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Mejia-Ramirez E, Florian MC. Understanding intrinsic hematopoietic stem cell aging. Haematologica 2019; 105:22-37. [PMID: 31806687 PMCID: PMC6939535 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.211342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) sustain blood production over the entire life-span of an organism. It is of extreme importance that these cells maintain self-renewal and differentiation potential over time in order to preserve homeostasis of the hematopoietic system. Many of the intrinsic aspects of HSC are affected by the aging process resulting in a deterioration in their potential, independently of their microenvironment. Here we review recent findings characterizing most of the intrinsic aspects of aged HSC, ranging from phenotypic to molecular alterations. Historically, DNA damage was thought to be the main cause of HSC aging. However, over recent years, many new findings have defined an increasing number of biological processes that intrinsically change with age in HSC. Epigenetics and chromatin architecture, together with autophagy, proteostasis and metabolic changes, and how they are interconnected, are acquiring growing importance for understanding the intrinsic aging of stem cells. Given the increase in populations of older subjects worldwide, and considering that aging is the primary risk factor for most diseases, understanding HSC aging becomes particularly relevant also in the context of hematologic disorders, such as myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia. Research on intrinsic mechanisms responsible for HSC aging is providing, and will continue to provide, new potential molecular targets to possibly ameliorate or delay aging of the hematopoietic system and consequently improve the outcome of hematologic disorders in the elderly. The niche-dependent contributions to hematopoietic aging are discussed in another review in this same issue of the Journal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Mejia-Ramirez
- Center for Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona (CMRB), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Maria Carolina Florian
- Center for Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona (CMRB), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain .,Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Aging, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany EM-R and MCF contributed equally to this work
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20
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Buisman SC, de Haan G. Epigenetic Changes as a Target in Aging Haematopoietic Stem Cells and Age-Related Malignancies. Cells 2019; 8:E868. [PMID: 31405121 PMCID: PMC6721661 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with multiple molecular and functional changes in haematopoietic cells. Most notably, the self-renewal and differentiation potential of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are compromised, resulting in myeloid skewing, reduced output of red blood cells and decreased generation of immune cells. These changes result in anaemia, increased susceptibility for infections and higher prevalence of haematopoietic malignancies. In HSCs, age-associated global epigenetic changes have been identified. These epigenetic alterations in aged HSCs can occur randomly (epigenetic drift) or are the result of somatic mutations in genes encoding for epigenetic proteins. Mutations in loci that encode epigenetic modifiers occur frequently in patients with haematological malignancies, but also in healthy elderly individuals at risk to develop these. It may be possible to pharmacologically intervene in the aberrant epigenetic program of derailed HSCs to enforce normal haematopoiesis or treat age-related haematopoietic diseases. Over the past decade our molecular understanding of epigenetic regulation has rapidly increased and drugs targeting epigenetic modifications are increasingly part of treatment protocols. The reversibility of epigenetic modifications renders these targets for novel therapeutics. In this review we provide an overview of epigenetic changes that occur in aging HSCs and age-related malignancies and discuss related epigenetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja C Buisman
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Gerald de Haan
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 Groningen, The Netherlands
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21
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Sun X, Li Z, Niu Y, Zhao L, Huang Y, Li Q, Zhang S, Chen T, Fu T, Yang T, An X, Jiang Y, Zhang J. Jarid1b promotes epidermal differentiation by mediating the repression of Ship1 and activation of the AKT/Ovol1 pathway. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12638. [PMID: 31152465 PMCID: PMC6797505 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Terminally differentiated stratified squamous epithelial cells play an important role in barrier protection of the skin. The integrity of epidermal cells is maintained by tight regulation of proliferation and differentiation. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of epigenetic regulator H3K4me3 and its demethylase Jarid1b in the control of epithelial cell differentiation. Materials and methods RT‐qPCR, Western blotting and IHC were used to detect mRNA and protein levels. We analysed cell proliferation by CCK8 assay and cell migration by wound healing assay. ChIP was used to measure H3K4me3 enrichment. A chamber graft model was established for epidermal development. Results Our studies showed that H3K4me3 was decreased during epidermal differentiation. The H3K4me3 demethylase Jarid1b positively controlled epidermal cell differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that Jarid1b substantially increased the expression of mesenchymal‐epithelial transition (MET)‐related genes, among which Ovol1 positively regulated differentiation gene expression. In addition, Ovol1 expression was repressed by PI3K‐AKT pathway inhibitors and overexpression (O/E) of the PI3K‐AKT pathway suppressor Ship1. Knockdown (KD) of Ship1 activated downstream PI3K‐AKT pathway and enhanced Ovol1 expression in HaCaT. Importantly, we found that Jarid1b negatively regulated Ship1 expression, but not that of Pten, by directly binding to its promoter to modulate H3K4me3 enrichment. Conclusion Our results identify an essential role of Jarid1b in the regulation of the Ship1/AKT/Ovol1 pathway to promote epithelial cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Key Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Key Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanfang Niu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Key Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Key Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yichuan Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Key Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Andrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Key Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Key Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tao Fu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Key Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaofei An
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Key Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jisheng Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Key Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Computer Assisted Surgery, Qingdao, China.,Shandong College Collaborative Innovation Center of Digital Medicine in Clinical Treatment and Nutrition Health, Qingdao, China
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22
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A stemness screen reveals C3orf54/INKA1 as a promoter of human leukemia stem cell latency. Blood 2019; 133:2198-2211. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-10-881441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence that the molecular properties of leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are associated with clinical outcomes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and LSCs have been linked to therapy failure and relapse. Thus, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the persistence and regenerative potential of LSCs is expected to result in the development of more effective therapies. We therefore interrogated functionally validated data sets of LSC-specific genes together with their known protein interactors and selected 64 candidates for a competitive in vivo gain-of-function screen to identify genes that enhanced stemness in human cord blood hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. A consistent effect observed for the top hits was the ability to restrain early repopulation kinetics while preserving regenerative potential. Overexpression (OE) of the most promising candidate, the orphan gene C3orf54/INKA1, in a patient-derived AML model (8227) promoted the retention of LSCs in a primitive state manifested by relative expansion of CD34+ cells, accumulation of cells in G0, and reduced output of differentiated progeny. Despite delayed early repopulation, at later times, INKA1-OE resulted in the expansion of self-renewing LSCs. In contrast, INKA1 silencing in primary AML reduced regenerative potential. Mechanistically, our multidimensional confocal analysis found that INKA1 regulates G0 exit by interfering with nuclear localization of its target PAK4, with concomitant reduction of global H4K16ac levels. These data identify INKA1 as a novel regulator of LSC latency and reveal a link between the regulation of stem cell kinetics and pool size during regeneration.
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23
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Cakouros D, Gronthos S. Epigenetic Regulation of Bone Marrow Stem Cell Aging: Revealing Epigenetic Signatures associated with Hematopoietic and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Aging. Aging Dis 2019; 10:174-189. [PMID: 30705777 PMCID: PMC6345334 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review we explore the importance of epigenetics as a contributing factor for aging adult stem cells. We summarize the latest findings of epigenetic factors deregulated as adult stem cells age and the consequence on stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, with a focus on adult stem cells in the bone marrow. With the latest whole genome bisulphite sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitations we are able to decipher an emerging pattern common for adult stem cells in the bone marrow niche and how this might correlate to epigenetic enzymes deregulated during aging. We begin by briefly discussing the initial observations in yeast, drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) that led to the breakthrough research that identified the role of epigenetic changes associated with lifespan and aging. We then focus on adult stem cells, specifically in the bone marrow, which lends strong support for the deregulation of DNA methyltransferases, histone deacetylases, acetylates, methyltransferases and demethylases in aging stem cells, and how their corresponding epigenetic modifications influence gene expression and the aging phenotype. Given the reversible nature of epigenetic modifications we envisage “epi” targeted therapy as a means to reprogram aged stem cells into their younger counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Cakouros
- 1Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,2South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stan Gronthos
- 1Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,2South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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24
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Xu X, Schneider B. Therapeutic targeting potential of chromatin-associated proteins in MLL-rearranged acute leukemia. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2018; 42:117-130. [DOI: 10.1007/s13402-018-0414-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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25
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Yang J, Ma J, Xiong Y, Wang Y, Jin K, Xia W, Chen Q, Huang J, Zhang J, Jiang N, Jiang S, Ma D. Epigenetic regulation of megakaryocytic and erythroid differentiation by PHF2 histone demethylase. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6841-6852. [PMID: 29336484 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant homeodomain finger 2 (PHF2) is a JmjC family histone demethylase that demethylates H3K9me2, a repressive gene marker. PHF2 was found to play a role in the differentiation of several tissue types such as osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation. We report here that PHF2 plays a role in the epigenetic regulation of megakaryocytic (MK) and erythroid differentiation. We investigated PHF2 expression during MK and erythroid differentiation in K562 and human CD34+ progenitor (hCD34+ ) cells. Our data demonstrate that PHF2 expression is down-regulated during megakaryopoiesis and erythropoiesis. PHF2 has a negative role in MK and erythroid differentiation of K562 cells; knockdown of PHF2 promotes MK and erythroid differentiation of hCD34+ cells. Similarly, we found that p53 expression is also down-regulated during MK and erythroid differentiation, which parallels PHF2 expression. PHF2 binds to the p53 promoter and regulates the expression of p53 by demethylating H3K9me2 in the promoter region of p53. Taken together, our data show that PHF2 is a negative epigenetic regulator of MK and erythroid differentiation, and that one of the pathways through which PHF2 affects MK and erythroid differentiation is via regulation of p53 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichun Yang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xiong
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanlin Wang
- International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiyue Jin
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Xia
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianbo Huang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shayi Jiang
- Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Duan Ma
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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26
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Histone demethylase lysine demethylase 5B in development and cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:8980-8991. [PMID: 27974677 PMCID: PMC5352456 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone methylation is one of the most important chromatin posttranslational modifications. It has a range of influences on nuclear functions including epigenetic inheritance, transcriptional regulation and the maintenance of genome integrity. Changes in histone methylation status take part in various physiological and pathological processes. KDM5B (lysine demethylase 5B, also called JARID1B or PLU-1) encodes the histone H3 lysine4 (H3K4) demethylase and exhibits a strong transcriptional repression activity. KDM5B plays a role in cell differentiation, stem cell self-renewal and other developmental progresses. Recent studies showed that KDM5B expression was increased in breast, bladder, lung, prostate and many other tumors and promotes tumor initiation, invasion and metastasis. Given its association with tumor progression and prognosis of cancer patients, KDM5B was proposed to be a novel target for the prevention and treatment of human cancers. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in our understanding of the regulation and function of KDM5B in development and cancer.
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27
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Facompre ND, Harmeyer KM, Sahu V, Gimotty PA, Rustgi AK, Nakagawa H, Basu D. Targeting JARID1B's demethylase activity blocks a subset of its functions in oral cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 9:8985-8998. [PMID: 29507668 PMCID: PMC5823649 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of the H3K4me3 demethylase JARID1B is linked to acquisition of aggressive, stem cell-like features by many cancer types. However, the utility of emerging JARID1 family inhibitors remains uncertain, in part because JARID1B’s functions in normal development and malignancy are diverse and highly context-specific. In this study, responses of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) to catalytic inhibition of JARID1B were assessed using CPI-455, the first tool compound with true JARID1 family selectivity. CPI-455 attenuated clonal sphere and tumor formation by stem-like cells that highly express JARID1B while also depleting the CD44-positive and Aldefluor-high fractions conventionally used to designate OSCC stem cells. Silencing JARID1B abrogated CPI-455’s effects on sphere formation, supporting that the drug acted through this isoform. To further delineate CPI-455’s capacity to block JARID1B’s functions, its biologic effects were compared against those indicated by pathway analysis of the transcriptional profile produced by JARID1B knockdown. Downregulation of multiple gene sets related to stem cell function was consistent with the drug’s observed actions. However, strong E-Cadherin upregulation seen upon silencing JARID1B surprisingly could not be reproduced using CPI-455. Expressing a demethylase-inactive mutant of JARID1B demonstrated suppression of this transcript to be demethylase-independent, and the capacity of mutant JARID1B but not CPI-455 to modulate invasion provided a functional correlate of this finding. These results show that JARID1B catalytic inhibition effectively targets some stem cell-like features of malignancy but also reveal demethylase-independent actions refractory to inhibition. Future application of JARID1 inhibitors in combinatorial use for cancer therapy may be guided by these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D Facompre
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kayla M Harmeyer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Varun Sahu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Phyllis A Gimotty
- Department of Biostatistics Epidemiology and Informatics, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Department of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Department of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Devraj Basu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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28
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Lim JE, Son Y. Endogenous Stem Cells in Homeostasis and Aging. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 14:679-698. [PMID: 30603520 PMCID: PMC6171667 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-017-0097-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In almost all human tissues and organs, adult stem cells or tissue stem cells are present in a unique location, the so-called stem cell niche or its equivalent, continuously replenishing functional differentiated cells. Those endogenous stem cells can be expanded for cell therapeutics using ex vivo cell culture or recalled for tissue repair in situ through cell trafficking and homing. In the aging process, inefficiency in the endogenous stem cell-mediated healing mechanism can emerge from a variety of impairments that accumulate in the processes of stem cell self-renewal, function, differentiation capacity, and trafficking through cell autonomous intrinsic pathways (such as epigenetic alterations) or systemic extrinsic pathways. This review examines the homeostasis of endogenous stem cells, particularly bone marrow stem cells, and their dysregulation in disease and aging and discusses possible intervention strategies. Several systemic pro-aging and rejuvenating factors, recognized in heterochronic parabiosis or premature aging progeroid animal models, are reviewed as possible anti-aging pharmaceutical targets from the perspective of a healthy environment for endogenous stem cells. A variety of epigenetic modifications and chromosome architectures are reviewed as an intrinsic cellular pathway for aging and senescence. A gradual increase in inflammatory burden during aging is also reviewed. Finally, the tissue repair and anti-aging effects of Substance-P, a peptide stimulating stem cell trafficking from the bone marrow and modifying the inflammatory response, are discussed as a future anti-aging target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Lim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsook Son
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104 Republic of Korea
- Kyung Hee Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02453 Republic of Korea
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29
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Bustos F, Sepúlveda H, Prieto CP, Carrasco M, Díaz L, Palma J, Lattus J, Montecino M, Palma V. Runt-Related Transcription Factor 2 Induction During Differentiation of Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Osteoblasts Is Regulated by Jumonji AT-Rich Interactive Domain 1B Histone Demethylase. Stem Cells 2017; 35:2430-2441. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Bustos
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Development; Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Ñuñoa; Santiago Chile
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation.; Santiago Chile
- Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences; University of Dundee; Dundee United Kingdom
| | - Hugo Sepúlveda
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation.; Santiago Chile
- Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello.; Santiago Chile
| | - Catalina P. Prieto
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Development; Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Ñuñoa; Santiago Chile
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation.; Santiago Chile
| | - Margarita Carrasco
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation.; Santiago Chile
- Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello.; Santiago Chile
| | - Lorena Díaz
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Development; Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Ñuñoa; Santiago Chile
| | - José Palma
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Development; Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Ñuñoa; Santiago Chile
| | - José Lattus
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Dr. Luis Tisné Brousse Hospital, Universidad de Chile, Campus Oriente.; Peñalolén Santiago Chile
| | - Martín Montecino
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation.; Santiago Chile
- Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello.; Santiago Chile
| | - Verónica Palma
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Development; Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Ñuñoa; Santiago Chile
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation.; Santiago Chile
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30
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Harmeyer KM, Facompre ND, Herlyn M, Basu D. JARID1 Histone Demethylases: Emerging Targets in Cancer. Trends Cancer 2017; 3:713-725. [PMID: 28958389 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
JARID1 proteins are histone demethylases that both regulate normal cell fates during development and contribute to the epigenetic plasticity that underlies malignant transformation. This H3K4 demethylase family participates in multiple repressive transcriptional complexes at promoters and has broader regulatory effects on chromatin that remain ill-defined. There is growing understanding of the oncogenic and tumor suppressive functions of JARID1 proteins, which are contingent on cell context and the protein isoform. Their contributions to stem cell-like dedifferentiation, tumor aggressiveness, and therapy resistance in cancer have sustained interest in the development of JARID1 inhibitors. Here we review the diverse and context-specific functions of the JARID1 proteins that may impact the utilization of emerging targeted inhibitors of this histone demethylase family in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla M Harmeyer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicole D Facompre
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Devraj Basu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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31
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Miotti S, Gulino A, Ferri R, Parenza M, Chronowska A, Lecis D, Sangaletti S, Tagliabue E, Tripodo C, Colombo MP. Antibody-mediated blockade of JMJD6 interaction with collagen I exerts antifibrotic and antimetastatic activities. FASEB J 2017; 31:5356-5370. [PMID: 28790175 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700377r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
JMJD6 is known to localize in the nucleus, exerting histone arginine demethylase and lysyl hydroxylase activities. A novel localization of JMJD6 in the extracellular matrix, resulting from its secretion as a soluble protein, was unveiled by a new anti-JMJD6 mAb called P4E11, which was developed to identify new targets in the stroma. Recombinant JMJD6 binds with collagen type I (Coll-I), and distinct JMJD6 peptides interfere with collagen fibrillogenesis, collagen-fibronectin interaction, and adhesion of human tumor cells to the collagen substrate. P4E11 and collagen binding to JMJD6 are mutually exclusive because the amino acid sequences of JMJD6 necessary for the interaction with Coll-I are part of the conformational epitope recognized by P4E11. In mice injected with mouse 4T1 breast carcinoma cells, treatment with P4E11 reduced fibrosis at the primary tumor and prevented lung metastases. Reduction of fibrosis has also been documented in human breast and ovarian tumors (MDA-MB-231 and IGROV1, respectively) xenotransplanted into immunodeficient mice treated with P4E11. In summary, this study uncovers a new localization and function for JMJD6 that is most likely independent from its canonical enzymatic activities, and demonstrates that JMJD6 can functionally interact with Coll-I. P4E11 mAb, inhibiting JMJD6/Coll-I interaction, represents a new opportunity to target fibrotic and tumor diseases.-Miotti, S., Gulino, A., Ferri, R., Parenza, M., Chronowska, A., Lecis, D., Sangaletti, S., Tagliabue, E., Tripodo, C., Colombo, M. P. Antibody-mediated blockade of JMJD6 interaction with collagen I exerts antifibrotic and antimetastatic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Miotti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gulino
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Renata Ferri
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariella Parenza
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Agnieszka Chronowska
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Lecis
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabina Sangaletti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Elda Tagliabue
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario P Colombo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy;
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32
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Tumber A, Nuzzi A, Hookway ES, Hatch SB, Velupillai S, Johansson C, Kawamura A, Savitsky P, Yapp C, Szykowska A, Wu N, Bountra C, Strain-Damerell C, Burgess-Brown NA, Ruda GF, Fedorov O, Munro S, England KS, Nowak RP, Schofield CJ, La Thangue NB, Pawlyn C, Davies F, Morgan G, Athanasou N, Müller S, Oppermann U, Brennan PE. Potent and Selective KDM5 Inhibitor Stops Cellular Demethylation of H3K4me3 at Transcription Start Sites and Proliferation of MM1S Myeloma Cells. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 24:371-380. [PMID: 28262558 PMCID: PMC5361737 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Methylation of lysine residues on histone tail is a dynamic epigenetic modification that plays a key role in chromatin structure and gene regulation. Members of the KDM5 (also known as JARID1) sub-family are 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) and Fe2+-dependent oxygenases acting as histone 3 lysine 4 trimethyl (H3K4me3) demethylases, regulating proliferation, stem cell self-renewal, and differentiation. Here we present the characterization of KDOAM-25, an inhibitor of KDM5 enzymes. KDOAM-25 shows biochemical half maximal inhibitory concentration values of <100 nM for KDM5A-D in vitro, high selectivity toward other 2-OG oxygenases sub-families, and no off-target activity on a panel of 55 receptors and enzymes. In human cell assay systems, KDOAM-25 has a half maximal effective concentration of ∼50 μM and good selectivity toward other demethylases. KDM5B is overexpressed in multiple myeloma and negatively correlated with the overall survival. Multiple myeloma MM1S cells treated with KDOAM-25 show increased global H3K4 methylation at transcriptional start sites and impaired proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Tumber
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Andrea Nuzzi
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Edward S Hookway
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Stephanie B Hatch
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Srikannathasan Velupillai
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Catrine Johansson
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK; Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Akane Kawamura
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Pavel Savitsky
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Clarence Yapp
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | | | - Na Wu
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Chas Bountra
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | | | | | - Gian Filippo Ruda
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Oleg Fedorov
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Shonagh Munro
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Katherine S England
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Radoslaw P Nowak
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | | | | | - Charlotte Pawlyn
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Faith Davies
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Myeloma Institute, 4301 W. Markham #816, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Gareth Morgan
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Myeloma Institute, 4301 W. Markham #816, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Nick Athanasou
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Susanne Müller
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK.
| | - Udo Oppermann
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK.
| | - Paul E Brennan
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK.
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Dudakovic A, Gluscevic M, Paradise CR, Dudakovic H, Khani F, Thaler R, Ahmed FS, Li X, Dietz AB, Stein GS, Montecino MA, Deyle DR, Westendorf JJ, van Wijnen AJ. Profiling of human epigenetic regulators using a semi-automated real-time qPCR platform validated by next generation sequencing. Gene 2017; 609:28-37. [PMID: 28132772 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms control phenotypic commitment of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) into osteogenic, chondrogenic or adipogenic lineages. To investigate enzymes and chromatin binding proteins controlling the epigenome, we developed a hybrid expression screening strategy that combines semi-automated real-time qPCR (RT-qPCR), next generation RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and a novel data management application (FileMerge). This strategy was used to interrogate expression of a large cohort (n>300) of human epigenetic regulators (EpiRegs) that generate, interpret and/or edit the histone code. We find that EpiRegs with similar enzymatic functions are variably expressed and specific isoforms dominate over others in human MSCs. This principle is exemplified by analysis of key histone acetyl transferases (HATs) and deacetylases (HDACs), H3 lysine methyltransferases (e.g., EHMTs) and demethylases (KDMs), as well as bromodomain (BRDs) and chromobox (CBX) proteins. Our results show gender-specific expression of H3 lysine 9 [H3K9] demethylases (e.g., KDM5D and UTY) as expected and upregulation of distinct EpiRegs (n>30) during osteogenic differentiation of MSCs (e.g., HDAC5 and HDAC7). The functional significance of HDACs in osteogenic lineage commitment of MSCs was functionally validated using panobinostat (LBH-589). This pan-deacetylase inhibitor suppresses osteoblastic differentiation as evidenced by reductions in bone-specific mRNA markers (e.g., ALPL), alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition (i.e., Alizarin Red staining). Thus, our RT-qPCR platform identifies candidate EpiRegs by expression screening, predicts biological outcomes of their corresponding inhibitors, and enables manipulation of the human epigenome using molecular or pharmacological approaches to control stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Dudakovic
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Farzaneh Khani
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Roman Thaler
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Farah S Ahmed
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Allan B Dietz
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont Medical School, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Martin A Montecino
- Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Jennifer J Westendorf
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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34
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Rodriguez-Bravo V, Carceles-Cordon M, Hoshida Y, Cordon-Cardo C, Galsky MD, Domingo-Domenech J. The role of GATA2 in lethal prostate cancer aggressiveness. Nat Rev Urol 2017; 14:38-48. [PMID: 27872477 PMCID: PMC5489122 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2016.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Advanced prostate cancer is a classic example of the intractability and consequent lethality that characterizes metastatic carcinomas. Novel treatments have improved the survival of men with prostate cancer; however, advanced prostate cancer invariably becomes resistant to these therapies and ultimately progresses to a lethal metastatic stage. Consequently, detailed knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that control prostate cancer cell survival and progression towards this lethal stage of disease will benefit the development of new therapeutics. The transcription factor endothelial transcription factor GATA-2 (GATA2) has been reported to have a key role in driving prostate cancer aggressiveness. In addition to being a pioneer transcription factor that increases androgen receptor (AR) binding and activity, GATA2 regulates a core subset of clinically relevant genes in an AR-independent manner. Functionally, GATA2 overexpression in prostate cancer increases cellular motility and invasiveness, proliferation, tumorigenicity, and resistance to standard therapies. Thus, GATA2 has a multifaceted function in prostate cancer aggressiveness and is a highly attractive target in the development of novel treatments against lethal prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Rodriguez-Bravo
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Marc Carceles-Cordon
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Carlos Cordon-Cardo
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Matthew D Galsky
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Josep Domingo-Domenech
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
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35
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Galeev R, Karlsson C, Baudet A, Larsson J. Forward RNAi Screens in Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1622:29-50. [PMID: 28674799 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7108-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Identifying the genes and pathways that regulate self-renewal and differentiation in somatic stem cells is a central goal in stem cell and cancer biology. Here, we describe a method for RNA interference (RNAi)-based screens combined with next-generation sequencing (NGS) in primary human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). These cells are suitable targets for complex, selection-based screens using pooled lentiviral short hairpin RNA (shRNA) libraries. The screening approach presented in this chapter is a promising tool to dissect regulatory mechanisms in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and somatic stem cells in general, and may be particularly useful to identify gene targets and modifiers that can be further exploited in strategies for ex vivo stem cell expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Galeev
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC A12, Sölvegatan 17, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christine Karlsson
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC A12, Sölvegatan 17, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Aurélie Baudet
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC A12, Sölvegatan 17, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonas Larsson
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC A12, Sölvegatan 17, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
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36
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The chromatin-associated Sin3B protein is required for hematopoietic stem cell functions in mice. Blood 2016; 129:60-70. [PMID: 27806947 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-06-721746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside at the top of the hematopoietic hierarchy and are the origin of all blood cells produced throughout an individual's life. The balance between HSC self-renewal and differentiation is maintained by various intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. Among these, the molecular pathways that restrict cell cycle progression are critical to the maintenance of functional HSCs. Alterations in the regulation of cell cycle progression in HSCs invariably lead to the development of hematologic malignancies or bone marrow failure syndromes. Here we report that hematopoietic-specific genetic inactivation of Sin3B, an essential component of the mammalian Sin3-histone deacetylase corepressor complex, severely impairs the competitive repopulation capacity of HSCs. Sin3B-deleted HSCs accumulate and fail to properly differentiate following transplantation. Moreover, Sin3B inactivation impairs HSC quiescence and sensitizes mice to myelosuppressive therapy. Together, these results identify Sin3B as a novel and critical regulator of HSC functions.
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37
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Inoue S, Li WY, Tseng A, Beerman I, Elia AJ, Bendall SC, Lemonnier F, Kron KJ, Cescon DW, Hao Z, Lind EF, Takayama N, Planello AC, Shen SY, Shih AH, Larsen DM, Li Q, Snow BE, Wakeham A, Haight J, Gorrini C, Bassi C, Thu KL, Murakami K, Elford AR, Ueda T, Straley K, Yen KE, Melino G, Cimmino L, Aifantis I, Levine RL, De Carvalho DD, Lupien M, Rossi DJ, Nolan GP, Cairns RA, Mak TW. Mutant IDH1 Downregulates ATM and Alters DNA Repair and Sensitivity to DNA Damage Independent of TET2. Cancer Cell 2016; 30:337-348. [PMID: 27424808 PMCID: PMC5022794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 gene (IDH1) are common drivers of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) but their mechanism is not fully understood. It is thought that IDH1 mutants act by inhibiting TET2 to alter DNA methylation, but there are significant unexplained clinical differences between IDH1- and TET2-mutant diseases. We have discovered that mice expressing endogenous mutant IDH1 have reduced numbers of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), in contrast to Tet2 knockout (TET2-KO) mice. Mutant IDH1 downregulates the DNA damage (DD) sensor ATM by altering histone methylation, leading to impaired DNA repair, increased sensitivity to DD, and reduced HSC self-renewal, independent of TET2. ATM expression is also decreased in human IDH1-mutated AML. These findings may have implications for treatment of IDH-mutant leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Inoue
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Wanda Y Li
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Alan Tseng
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Isabel Beerman
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 00133, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Andrew J Elia
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Sean C Bendall
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - François Lemonnier
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Ken J Kron
- The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - David W Cescon
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Zhenyue Hao
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Evan F Lind
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Naoya Takayama
- The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Aline C Planello
- The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Morphology, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Shu Yi Shen
- The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Alan H Shih
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Qinxi Li
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Bryan E Snow
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Andrew Wakeham
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Jillian Haight
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Chiara Gorrini
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Christian Bassi
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Kelsie L Thu
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Kiichi Murakami
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Alisha R Elford
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Takeshi Ueda
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Disease Model Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | | | | | - Gerry Melino
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK; Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Luisa Cimmino
- Department of Pathology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Iannis Aifantis
- Department of Pathology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ross L Levine
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Daniel D De Carvalho
- The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Mathieu Lupien
- The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Derrick J Rossi
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 00133, USA
| | - Garry P Nolan
- The Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rob A Cairns
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Tak W Mak
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
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38
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Facompre ND, Harmeyer KM, Sole X, Kabraji S, Belden Z, Sahu V, Whelan K, Tanaka K, Weinstein GS, Montone KT, Roesch A, Gimotty PA, Herlyn M, Rustgi AK, Nakagawa H, Ramaswamy S, Basu D. JARID1B Enables Transit between Distinct States of the Stem-like Cell Population in Oral Cancers. Cancer Res 2016; 76:5538-49. [PMID: 27488530 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-3377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The degree of heterogeneity among cancer stem cells (CSC) remains ill-defined and may hinder effective anti-CSC therapy. Evaluation of oral cancers for such heterogeneity identified two compartments within the CSC pool. One compartment was detected using a reporter for expression of the H3K4me3 demethylase JARID1B to isolate a JARID1B(high) fraction of cells with stem cell-like function. JARID1B(high) cells expressed oral CSC markers including CD44 and ALDH1 and showed increased PI3K pathway activation. They were distinguished from a fraction in a G0-like cell-cycle state characterized by low reactive oxygen species and suppressed PI3K/AKT signaling. G0-like cells lacked conventional CSC markers but were primed to acquire stem cell-like function by upregulating JARID1B, which directly mediated transition to a state expressing known oral CSC markers. The transition was regulated by PI3K signals acting upstream of JARID1B expression, resulting in PI3K inhibition depleting JARID1B(high) cells but expanding the G0-like subset. These findings define a novel developmental relationship between two cell phenotypes that may jointly contribute to CSC maintenance. Expansion of the G0-like subset during targeted depletion of JARID1B(high) cells implicates it as a candidate therapeutic target within the oral CSC pool. Cancer Res; 76(18); 5538-49. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D Facompre
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kayla M Harmeyer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Xavier Sole
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sheheryar Kabraji
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zachary Belden
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Varun Sahu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kelly Whelan
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Koji Tanaka
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gregory S Weinstein
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kathleen T Montone
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Phyllis A Gimotty
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Anil K Rustgi
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sridhar Ramaswamy
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Devraj Basu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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39
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Galeev R, Baudet A, Kumar P, Rundberg Nilsson A, Nilsson B, Soneji S, Törngren T, Borg Å, Kvist A, Larsson J. Genome-wide RNAi Screen Identifies Cohesin Genes as Modifiers of Renewal and Differentiation in Human HSCs. Cell Rep 2016; 14:2988-3000. [PMID: 26997282 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.02.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To gain insights into the regulatory mechanisms of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), we employed a genome-wide RNAi screen in human cord-blood derived cells and identified candidate genes whose knockdown maintained the HSC phenotype during culture. A striking finding was the identification of members of the cohesin complex (STAG2, RAD21, STAG1, and SMC3) among the top 20 genes from the screen. Upon individual validation of these cohesin genes, we found that their knockdown led to an immediate expansion of cells with an HSC phenotype in vitro. A similar expansion was observed in vivo following transplantation to immunodeficient mice. Transcriptome analysis of cohesin-deficient CD34(+) cells showed an upregulation of HSC-specific genes, demonstrating an immediate shift toward a more stem-cell-like gene expression signature upon cohesin deficiency. Our findings implicate cohesin as a major regulator of HSCs and illustrate the power of global RNAi screens to identify modifiers of cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Galeev
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Aurélie Baudet
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Björn Nilsson
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Shamit Soneji
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Therese Törngren
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, 223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | - Åke Borg
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, 223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Kvist
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, 223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonas Larsson
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.
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40
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Ravasio R, Ceccacci E, Minucci S. Self-renewal of tumor cells: epigenetic determinants of the cancer stem cell phenotype. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2016; 36:92-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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41
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Wang H, Song C, Ding Y, Pan X, Ge Z, Tan BH, Gowda C, Sachdev M, Muthusami S, Ouyang H, Lai L, Francis OL, Morris CL, Abdel-Azim H, Dorsam G, Xiang M, Payne KJ, Dovat S. Transcriptional Regulation of JARID1B/KDM5B Histone Demethylase by Ikaros, Histone Deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), and Casein Kinase 2 (CK2) in B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:4004-18. [PMID: 26655717 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.679332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired function of the Ikaros (IKZF1) protein is associated with the development of high-risk B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). The mechanisms of Ikaros tumor suppressor activity in leukemia are unknown. Ikaros binds to the upstream regulatory elements of its target genes and regulates their transcription via chromatin remodeling. Here, we report that Ikaros represses transcription of the histone H3K4 demethylase, JARID1B (KDM5B). Transcriptional repression of JARID1B is associated with increased global levels of H3K4 trimethylation. Ikaros-mediated repression of JARID1B is dependent on the activity of the histone deacetylase, HDAC1, which binds to the upstream regulatory element of JARID1B in complex with Ikaros. In leukemia, JARID1B is overexpressed, and its inhibition results in cellular growth arrest. Ikaros-mediated repression of JARID1B in leukemia is impaired by pro-oncogenic casein kinase 2 (CK2). Inhibition of CK2 results in increased binding of the Ikaros-HDAC1 complex to the promoter of JARID1B, with increased formation of trimethylated histone H3 lysine 27 and decreased histone H3 Lys-9 acetylation. In cases of high-risk B-ALL that carry deletion of one Ikaros (IKZF1) allele, targeted inhibition of CK2 restores Ikaros binding to the JARID1B promoter and repression of JARID1B. In summary, the presented data suggest a mechanism through which Ikaros and HDAC1 regulate the epigenetic signature in leukemia: via regulation of JARID1B transcription. The presented data identify JARID1B as a novel therapeutic target in B-ALL and provide a rationale for the use of CK2 inhibitors in the treatment of high-risk B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Wang
- From the Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Chunhua Song
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Yali Ding
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Xiaokang Pan
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Zheng Ge
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Bi-Hua Tan
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Chandrika Gowda
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Mansi Sachdev
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Sunil Muthusami
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Hongsheng Ouyang
- From the Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Liangxue Lai
- From the Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | | | | | - Hisham Abdel-Azim
- the Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90027
| | - Glenn Dorsam
- North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, and
| | - Meixian Xiang
- the College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | | | - Sinisa Dovat
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033,
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Epigenetic Control of Haematopoietic Stem Cell Aging and Its Clinical Implications. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:5797521. [PMID: 26681950 PMCID: PMC4670691 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5797521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging, chronic inflammation, and environmental insults play an important role in a number of disease processes through alterations of the epigenome. In this review we explore how age-related changes in the epigenetic landscape can affect heterogeneity within the haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) compartment and the deriving clinical implications.
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43
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Wong SHK, Goode DL, Iwasaki M, Wei MC, Kuo HP, Zhu L, Schneidawind D, Duque-Afonso J, Weng Z, Cleary ML. The H3K4-Methyl Epigenome Regulates Leukemia Stem Cell Oncogenic Potential. Cancer Cell 2015; 28:198-209. [PMID: 26190263 PMCID: PMC4536132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The genetic programs that maintain leukemia stem cell (LSC) self-renewal and oncogenic potential have been well defined; however, the comprehensive epigenetic landscape that sustains LSC cellular identity and functionality is less well established. We report that LSCs in MLL-associated leukemia reside in an epigenetic state of relative genome-wide high-level H3K4me3 and low-level H3K79me2. LSC differentiation is associated with reversal of these broad epigenetic profiles, with concomitant downregulation of crucial MLL target genes and the LSC maintenance transcriptional program that is driven by the loss of H3K4me3, but not H3K79me2. The H3K4-specific demethylase KDM5B negatively regulates leukemogenesis in murine and human MLL-rearranged AML cells, demonstrating a crucial role for the H3K4 global methylome in determining LSC fate.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- HEK293 Cells
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/genetics
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/metabolism
- Histones/metabolism
- Humans
- Interleukin Receptor Common gamma Subunit/deficiency
- Interleukin Receptor Common gamma Subunit/genetics
- Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases/genetics
- Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases/metabolism
- Leukemia/genetics
- Leukemia/metabolism
- Leukemia/pathology
- Lysine/metabolism
- Methylation
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/genetics
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- RNA Interference
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Transplantation, Heterologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen H K Wong
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David L Goode
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Masayuki Iwasaki
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael C Wei
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hsu-Ping Kuo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dominik Schneidawind
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jesus Duque-Afonso
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ziming Weng
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael L Cleary
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Abstract
Stem cell decline is an important cellular driver of aging-associated pathophysiology in multiple tissues. Epigenetic regulation is central to establishing and maintaining stem cell function, and emerging evidence indicates that epigenetic dysregulation contributes to the altered potential of stem cells during aging. Unlike terminally differentiated cells, the impact of epigenetic dysregulation in stem cells is propagated beyond self; alterations can be heritably transmitted to differentiated progeny, in addition to being perpetuated and amplified within the stem cell pool through self-renewal divisions. This Review focuses on recent studies examining epigenetic regulation of tissue-specific stem cells in homeostasis, aging, and aging-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Beerman
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02116, USA
| | - Derrick J Rossi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02116, USA.
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45
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Fork C, Gu L, Hitzel J, Josipovic I, Hu J, SzeKa Wong M, Ponomareva Y, Albert M, Schmitz SU, Uchida S, Fleming I, Helin K, Steinhilber D, Leisegang MS, Brandes RP. Epigenetic Regulation of Angiogenesis by JARID1B-Induced Repression of HOXA5. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:1645-52. [PMID: 26023081 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.305561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Altering endothelial biology through epigenetic modifiers is an attractive novel concept, which is, however, just in its beginnings. We therefore set out to identify chromatin modifiers important for endothelial gene expression and contributing to angiogenesis. APPROACH AND RESULTS To identify chromatin modifying enzymes in endothelial cells, histone demethylases were screened by microarray and polymerase chain reaction. The histone 3 lysine 4 demethylase JARID1B was identified as a highly expressed enzyme at the mRNA and protein levels. Knockdown of JARID1B by shRNA in human umbilical vein endothelial cells attenuated cell migration, angiogenic sprouting, and tube formation. Similarly, pharmacological inhibition and overexpression of a catalytic inactive JARID1B mutant reduced the angiogenic capacity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. To identify the in vivo relevance of JARID1B in the vascular system, Jarid1b knockout mice were studied. As global knockout results in increased mortality and developmental defects, tamoxifen-inducible and endothelial-specific knockout mice were generated. Acute knockout of Jarid1b attenuated retinal angiogenesis and endothelial sprout outgrowth from aortic segments. To identify the underlying mechanism, a microarray experiment was performed, which led to the identification of the antiangiogenic transcription factor HOXA5 to be suppressed by JARID1B. Importantly, downregulation or inhibition of JARID1B, but not of JARID1A and JARID1C, induced HOXA5 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Consistently, chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that JARID1B occupies and reduces the histone 3 lysine 4 methylation levels at the HOXA5 promoter, demonstrating a direct function of JARID1B in endothelial HOXA5 gene regulation. CONCLUSIONS JARID1B, by suppressing HOXA5, maintains the endothelial angiogenic capacity in a demethylase-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Fork
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty (C.F., L.G., J.H., I.J., M.S.W., M.S.L., R.P.B.), Institutes of Vascular Signalling (J.H., I.F.) and Cardiovascular Regeneration (Y.P., S.U.), Centre for Molecular Medicine, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry/ZAFES (D.S.), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) (M.A., S.U.S., K.H.), Centre for Epigenetics (M.A., S.U.S., K.H.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany (C.F., L.G., J.H., I.J., M.S.W., Y.P., S.U., I.F., M.S.L., R.P.B.).
| | - Lunda Gu
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty (C.F., L.G., J.H., I.J., M.S.W., M.S.L., R.P.B.), Institutes of Vascular Signalling (J.H., I.F.) and Cardiovascular Regeneration (Y.P., S.U.), Centre for Molecular Medicine, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry/ZAFES (D.S.), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) (M.A., S.U.S., K.H.), Centre for Epigenetics (M.A., S.U.S., K.H.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany (C.F., L.G., J.H., I.J., M.S.W., Y.P., S.U., I.F., M.S.L., R.P.B.)
| | - Juliane Hitzel
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty (C.F., L.G., J.H., I.J., M.S.W., M.S.L., R.P.B.), Institutes of Vascular Signalling (J.H., I.F.) and Cardiovascular Regeneration (Y.P., S.U.), Centre for Molecular Medicine, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry/ZAFES (D.S.), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) (M.A., S.U.S., K.H.), Centre for Epigenetics (M.A., S.U.S., K.H.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany (C.F., L.G., J.H., I.J., M.S.W., Y.P., S.U., I.F., M.S.L., R.P.B.)
| | - Ivana Josipovic
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty (C.F., L.G., J.H., I.J., M.S.W., M.S.L., R.P.B.), Institutes of Vascular Signalling (J.H., I.F.) and Cardiovascular Regeneration (Y.P., S.U.), Centre for Molecular Medicine, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry/ZAFES (D.S.), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) (M.A., S.U.S., K.H.), Centre for Epigenetics (M.A., S.U.S., K.H.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany (C.F., L.G., J.H., I.J., M.S.W., Y.P., S.U., I.F., M.S.L., R.P.B.)
| | - Jiong Hu
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty (C.F., L.G., J.H., I.J., M.S.W., M.S.L., R.P.B.), Institutes of Vascular Signalling (J.H., I.F.) and Cardiovascular Regeneration (Y.P., S.U.), Centre for Molecular Medicine, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry/ZAFES (D.S.), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) (M.A., S.U.S., K.H.), Centre for Epigenetics (M.A., S.U.S., K.H.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany (C.F., L.G., J.H., I.J., M.S.W., Y.P., S.U., I.F., M.S.L., R.P.B.)
| | - Michael SzeKa Wong
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty (C.F., L.G., J.H., I.J., M.S.W., M.S.L., R.P.B.), Institutes of Vascular Signalling (J.H., I.F.) and Cardiovascular Regeneration (Y.P., S.U.), Centre for Molecular Medicine, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry/ZAFES (D.S.), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) (M.A., S.U.S., K.H.), Centre for Epigenetics (M.A., S.U.S., K.H.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany (C.F., L.G., J.H., I.J., M.S.W., Y.P., S.U., I.F., M.S.L., R.P.B.)
| | - Yuliya Ponomareva
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty (C.F., L.G., J.H., I.J., M.S.W., M.S.L., R.P.B.), Institutes of Vascular Signalling (J.H., I.F.) and Cardiovascular Regeneration (Y.P., S.U.), Centre for Molecular Medicine, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry/ZAFES (D.S.), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) (M.A., S.U.S., K.H.), Centre for Epigenetics (M.A., S.U.S., K.H.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany (C.F., L.G., J.H., I.J., M.S.W., Y.P., S.U., I.F., M.S.L., R.P.B.)
| | - Mareike Albert
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty (C.F., L.G., J.H., I.J., M.S.W., M.S.L., R.P.B.), Institutes of Vascular Signalling (J.H., I.F.) and Cardiovascular Regeneration (Y.P., S.U.), Centre for Molecular Medicine, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry/ZAFES (D.S.), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) (M.A., S.U.S., K.H.), Centre for Epigenetics (M.A., S.U.S., K.H.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany (C.F., L.G., J.H., I.J., M.S.W., Y.P., S.U., I.F., M.S.L., R.P.B.)
| | - Sandra U Schmitz
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty (C.F., L.G., J.H., I.J., M.S.W., M.S.L., R.P.B.), Institutes of Vascular Signalling (J.H., I.F.) and Cardiovascular Regeneration (Y.P., S.U.), Centre for Molecular Medicine, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry/ZAFES (D.S.), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) (M.A., S.U.S., K.H.), Centre for Epigenetics (M.A., S.U.S., K.H.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany (C.F., L.G., J.H., I.J., M.S.W., Y.P., S.U., I.F., M.S.L., R.P.B.)
| | - Shizuka Uchida
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty (C.F., L.G., J.H., I.J., M.S.W., M.S.L., R.P.B.), Institutes of Vascular Signalling (J.H., I.F.) and Cardiovascular Regeneration (Y.P., S.U.), Centre for Molecular Medicine, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry/ZAFES (D.S.), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) (M.A., S.U.S., K.H.), Centre for Epigenetics (M.A., S.U.S., K.H.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany (C.F., L.G., J.H., I.J., M.S.W., Y.P., S.U., I.F., M.S.L., R.P.B.)
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty (C.F., L.G., J.H., I.J., M.S.W., M.S.L., R.P.B.), Institutes of Vascular Signalling (J.H., I.F.) and Cardiovascular Regeneration (Y.P., S.U.), Centre for Molecular Medicine, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry/ZAFES (D.S.), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) (M.A., S.U.S., K.H.), Centre for Epigenetics (M.A., S.U.S., K.H.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany (C.F., L.G., J.H., I.J., M.S.W., Y.P., S.U., I.F., M.S.L., R.P.B.)
| | - Kristian Helin
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty (C.F., L.G., J.H., I.J., M.S.W., M.S.L., R.P.B.), Institutes of Vascular Signalling (J.H., I.F.) and Cardiovascular Regeneration (Y.P., S.U.), Centre for Molecular Medicine, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry/ZAFES (D.S.), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) (M.A., S.U.S., K.H.), Centre for Epigenetics (M.A., S.U.S., K.H.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany (C.F., L.G., J.H., I.J., M.S.W., Y.P., S.U., I.F., M.S.L., R.P.B.)
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty (C.F., L.G., J.H., I.J., M.S.W., M.S.L., R.P.B.), Institutes of Vascular Signalling (J.H., I.F.) and Cardiovascular Regeneration (Y.P., S.U.), Centre for Molecular Medicine, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry/ZAFES (D.S.), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) (M.A., S.U.S., K.H.), Centre for Epigenetics (M.A., S.U.S., K.H.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany (C.F., L.G., J.H., I.J., M.S.W., Y.P., S.U., I.F., M.S.L., R.P.B.)
| | - Matthias S Leisegang
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty (C.F., L.G., J.H., I.J., M.S.W., M.S.L., R.P.B.), Institutes of Vascular Signalling (J.H., I.F.) and Cardiovascular Regeneration (Y.P., S.U.), Centre for Molecular Medicine, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry/ZAFES (D.S.), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) (M.A., S.U.S., K.H.), Centre for Epigenetics (M.A., S.U.S., K.H.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany (C.F., L.G., J.H., I.J., M.S.W., Y.P., S.U., I.F., M.S.L., R.P.B.)
| | - Ralf P Brandes
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty (C.F., L.G., J.H., I.J., M.S.W., M.S.L., R.P.B.), Institutes of Vascular Signalling (J.H., I.F.) and Cardiovascular Regeneration (Y.P., S.U.), Centre for Molecular Medicine, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry/ZAFES (D.S.), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) (M.A., S.U.S., K.H.), Centre for Epigenetics (M.A., S.U.S., K.H.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany (C.F., L.G., J.H., I.J., M.S.W., Y.P., S.U., I.F., M.S.L., R.P.B.)
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46
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Overexpression of the shortest isoform of histone demethylase LSD1 primes hematopoietic stem cells for malignant transformation. Blood 2015; 125:3731-46. [PMID: 25904247 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-11-610907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent investigations indicate that epigenetic regulators act at the initial step of myeloid leukemogenesis by forming preleukemic hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which possess the increased self-renewal potential but retain multidifferentiation ability, and synergize with genetic abnormalities in later stages to develop full-blown acute myeloid leukemias. However, it is still unknown whether this theory is applicable to other malignancies. In this study, we demonstrate that lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) overexpression is a founder abnormality for the development of T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-LBL) using LSD1 transgenic mice. LSD1 expression is tightly regulated via alternative splicing and transcriptional repression in HSCs and is altered in most leukemias, especially T-LBL. Overexpression of the shortest isoform of LSD1, which is specifically repressed in quiescent HSCs and demethylates histone H3K9 more efficiently than other isoforms, increases self-renewal potential via upregulation of the HoxA family but retains multidifferentiation ability with a skewed differentiation to T-cell lineages at transcriptome levels in HSCs. Transgenic mice overexpressing LSD1 in HSCs did not show obvious abnormalities but developed T-LBL at very high frequency after γ-irradiation. LSD1 overexpression appears to be the first hit in T-cell leukemogenesis and provides an insight into novel strategies for early diagnosis and effective treatment of the disease.
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47
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Karamitros D, Patmanidi AL, Kotantaki P, Potocnik AJ, Bähr-Ivacevic T, Benes V, Lygerou Z, Kioussis D, Taraviras S. Geminin deletion increases the number of fetal hematopoietic stem cells by affecting the expression of key transcription factors. Development 2015; 142:70-81. [PMID: 25516969 DOI: 10.1242/dev.109454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Balancing stem cell self-renewal and initiation of lineage specification programs is essential for the development and homeostasis of the hematopoietic system. We have specifically ablated geminin in the developing murine hematopoietic system and observed profound defects in the generation of mature blood cells, leading to embryonic lethality. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) accumulated in the fetal liver following geminin ablation, while committed progenitors were reduced. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis identified key HSC transcription factors as being upregulated upon geminin deletion, revealing a gene network linked with geminin that controls fetal hematopoiesis. In order to obtain mechanistic insight into the ability of geminin to regulate transcription, we examined Hoxa9 as an example of a key gene in definitive hematopoiesis. We demonstrate that in human K562 cells geminin is associated with HOXA9 regulatory elements and its absence increases HOXA9 transcription similarly to that observed in vivo. Moreover, silencing geminin reduced recruitment of the PRC2 component SUZ12 to the HOXA9 locus and resulted in an increase in RNA polymerase II recruitment and H3K4 trimethylation (H3K4me3), whereas the repressive marks H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 were reduced. The chromatin landscape was also modified at the regulatory regions of HOXA10 and GATA1. K562 cells showed a reduced ability to differentiate to erythrocytes and megakaryocytes upon geminin silencing. Our data suggest that geminin is indispensable for fetal hematopoiesis and regulates the generation of a physiological pool of stem and progenitor cells in the fetal hematopoietic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Karamitros
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Patras, Rio, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Alexandra L Patmanidi
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Patras, Rio, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Panoraia Kotantaki
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Patras, Rio, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Alexandre J Potocnik
- Division of Molecular Immunology, MRC/National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Tomi Bähr-Ivacevic
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Core Facilities and Services, Meyerhofstraße 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Vladimir Benes
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Core Facilities and Services, Meyerhofstraße 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Zoi Lygerou
- Department of Biology, Medical School, University of Patras, Rio, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Dimitris Kioussis
- Division of Molecular Immunology, MRC/National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Stavros Taraviras
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Patras, Rio, Patras 26504, Greece
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48
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The histone demethylase Jarid1b is required for hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal in mice. Blood 2015; 125:2075-8. [PMID: 25655602 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-08-596734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Jarid1b/KDM5b is a histone demethylase that regulates self-renewal and differentiation in stem cells and cancer; however, its function in hematopoiesis is unclear. Here, we find that Jarid1b is highly expressed in primitive hematopoietic compartments and is overexpressed in acute myeloid leukemias. Constitutive genetic deletion of Jarid1b did not impact steady-state hematopoiesis. In contrast, acute deletion of Jarid1b from bone marrow increased peripheral blood T cells and, following secondary transplantation, resulted in loss of bone marrow reconstitution. Our results reveal that deletion of Jarid1b compromises hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal capacity and suggest that Jarid1b is a positive regulator of HSC potential.
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49
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Jarid2 regulates hematopoietic stem cell function by acting with polycomb repressive complex 2. Blood 2015; 125:1890-900. [PMID: 25645357 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-10-603969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) plays a key role in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) function. Analyses of mouse mutants harboring deletions of core components have implicated PRC2 in fine-tuning multiple pathways that instruct HSPC behavior, yet how PRC2 is targeted to specific genomic loci within HSPCs remains unknown. Here we use short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown to survey the function of PRC2 accessory factors that were defined in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) by testing the competitive reconstitution capacity of transduced murine HSPCs. We find that, similar to the phenotype observed upon depletion of core subunit Suz12, depleting Jarid2 enhances the competitive transplantation capacity of both fetal and adult mouse HSPCs. Furthermore, we demonstrate that depletion of JARID2 enhances the in vitro expansion and in vivo reconstitution capacity of human HSPCs. Gene expression profiling revealed common Suz12 and Jarid2 target genes that are enriched for the H3K27me3 mark established by PRC2. These data implicate Jarid2 as an important component of PRC2 that has a central role in coordinating HSPC function.
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50
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Trompouki E, King KY, Will B, Lessard J, Flores-Figueroa E, Kokkaliaris KD, Bowman T. Bloody signals: from birth to disease and death. Exp Hematol 2014; 42:989-94. [PMID: 25482344 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Trompouki
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Britta Will
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Julie Lessard
- IRIC, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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