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Liman N, Lanasa D, Meylan F, Park JH. The ever-expanding role of cytokine receptor DR3 in T cells. Cytokine 2024; 176:156540. [PMID: 38359559 PMCID: PMC10895922 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Death Receptor 3 (DR3) is a cytokine receptor of the Tumor Necrosis Factor receptor superfamily that plays a multifaceted role in both innate and adaptive immunity. Based on the death domain motif in its cytosolic tail, DR3 had been proposed and functionally affirmed as a trigger of apoptosis. Further studies, however, also revealed roles of DR3 in other cellular pathways, including inflammation, survival, and proliferation. DR3 is expressed in various cell types, including T cells, B cells, innate lymphocytes, myeloid cells, fibroblasts, and even outside the immune system. Because DR3 is mainly expressed on T cells, DR3-mediated immune perturbations leading to autoimmunity and other diseases were mostly attributed to DR3 activation of T cells. However, which T cell subset and what T effector functions are controlled by DR3 to drive these processes remain incompletely understood. DR3 engagement was previously found to alter CD4 T helper subset differentiation, expand the Foxp3+ Treg cell pool, and maintain intraepithelial γδ T cells in the gut. Recent studies further unveiled a previously unacknowledged aspect of DR3 in regulating innate-like invariant NKT (iNKT) cell activation, expanding the scope of DR3-mediated immunity in T lineage cells. Importantly, in the context of iNKT cells, DR3 ligation exerted costimulatory effects in agonistic TCR signaling, unveiling a new regulatory framework in T cell activation and proliferation. The current review is aimed at summarizing such recent findings on the role of DR3 on conventional T cells and innate-like T cells and discussing them in the context of immunopathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurcin Liman
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Dominic Lanasa
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Françoise Meylan
- Office of Science and Technology, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal, and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
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2
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Dean EC, Ditoro DF, Pham D, Gao M, Zindl CL, Frey B, Harbour SN, Figge DA, Miller AT, Glassman CR, Garcia KC, Hatton RD, Weaver CT. IL-2-induced Stat3 Signaling is Critical for Effector Treg Cell Programming. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.26.559434. [PMID: 37808649 PMCID: PMC10557704 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.26.559434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of immune homeostasis to the intestinal mictrobiota is dependent on a population of effector regulatory T (eTreg) cells that develop from microbiota-reactive induced (i)Treg cells. A cardinal feature of eTreg cells is their production of IL-10, which plays a non-redundant role in immune tolerance of commensal microbes. Here, we identify an unexpected role for IL-2-induced Stat3 signaling to program iTreg cells for eTreg cell differentiation and Il10 transcriptional competency. IL-2 proved to be both necessary and sufficient for eTreg cell development - contingent on Stat3 output of the IL-2 receptor coordinate with IL-2 signaling during early Treg cell commitment. Induction of iTreg cell programming in absence of IL-2-induced Stat3 signaling resulted in impaired eTreg cell differentiation and a failure to produce IL-10. An IL-2 mutein with reduced affinity for the IL-2Rγ (γ c ) chain was found to have blunted IL-2R Stat3 output, resulting in a deficiency of Il10 transcriptional programming that could not be fully rescued by Stat3 signaling subsequent to an initial window of iTreg cell differentiation. These findings expose a heretofore unappreciated role of IL-2 signaling that acts early to program subsequent production of IL-10 by developing eTreg cells, with broad implications for IL-2-based therapeutic interventions in immune-mediated diseases.
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3
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Fukaya T, Uto T, Mitoma S, Takagi H, Nishikawa Y, Tominaga M, Choijookhuu N, Hishikawa Y, Sato K. Gut dysbiosis promotes the breakdown of oral tolerance mediated through dysfunction of mucosal dendritic cells. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112431. [PMID: 37099426 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
While dysbiosis in the gut is implicated in the impaired induction of oral tolerance generated in mesenteric lymph nodes (MesLNs), how dysbiosis affects this process remains unclear. Here, we describe that antibiotic-driven gut dysbiosis causes the dysfunction of CD11c+CD103+ conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) in MesLNs, preventing the establishment of oral tolerance. Deficiency of CD11c+CD103+ cDCs abrogates the generation of regulatory T cells in MesLNs to establish oral tolerance. Antibiotic treatment triggers the intestinal dysbiosis linked to the impaired generation of colony-stimulating factor 2 (Csf2)-producing group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) for regulating the tolerogenesis of CD11c+CD103+ cDCs and the reduced expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-like ligand 1A (TL1A) on CD11c+CD103+ cDCs for generating Csf2-producing ILC3s. Thus, antibiotic-driven intestinal dysbiosis leads to the breakdown of crosstalk between CD11c+CD103+ cDCs and ILC3s for maintaining the tolerogenesis of CD11c+CD103+ cDCs in MesLNs, responsible for the failed establishment of oral tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Fukaya
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Uto
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Shuya Mitoma
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Hideaki Takagi
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Yotaro Nishikawa
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan; Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Moe Tominaga
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Narantsog Choijookhuu
- Division of Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hishikawa
- Division of Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Sato
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan; Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
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4
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McCallion O, Bilici M, Hester J, Issa F. Regulatory T-cell therapy approaches. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 211:96-107. [PMID: 35960852 PMCID: PMC10019137 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have enormous therapeutic potential to treat a variety of immunopathologies characterized by aberrant immune activation. Adoptive transfer of ex vivo expanded autologous Tregs continues to progress through mid- to late-phase clinical trials in several disease spaces and has generated promising preliminary safety and efficacy signals to date. However, the practicalities of this strategy outside of the clinical trial setting remain challenging. Here, we review the current landscape of regulatory T-cell therapy, considering emergent approaches and technologies presenting novel ways to engage Tregs, and reflect on the progress necessary to deliver their therapeutic potential to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver McCallion
- Translational Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Merve Bilici
- Translational Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joanna Hester
- Translational Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fadi Issa
- Correspondence. Fadi Issa, Translational Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
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Deng J, Chen C, Xue S, Su D, Poon WS, Hou H, Wang J. Microglia-mediated inflammatory destruction of neuro-cardiovascular dysfunction after stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1117218. [PMID: 37025698 PMCID: PMC10070726 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1117218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke, a serious systemic inflammatory disease, features neurological deficits and cardiovascular dysfunction. Neuroinflammation is characterized by the activation of microglia after stroke, which disrupts the cardiovascular-related neural network and the blood-brain barrier. Neural networks activate the autonomic nervous system to regulate the cardiac and blood vessels. Increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier and the lymphatic pathways promote the transfer of the central immune components to the peripheral immune organs and the recruitment of specific immune cells or cytokines, produced by the peripheral immune system, and thus modulate microglia in the brain. In addition, the spleen will also be stimulated by central inflammation to further mobilize the peripheral immune system. Both NK cells and Treg cells will be generated to enter the central nervous system to suppress further inflammation, while activated monocytes infiltrate the myocardium and cause cardiovascular dysfunction. In this review, we will focus on microglia-mediated inflammation in neural networks that result in cardiovascular dysfunction. Furthermore, we will discuss neuroimmune regulation in the central-peripheral crosstalk, in which the spleen is a vital part. Hopefully, this will benefit in anchoring another therapeutic target for neuro-cardiovascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Neural Networks Surgery Team, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenghan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Neural Networks Surgery Team, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuaishuai Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Neural Networks Surgery Team, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daoqing Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wai Sang Poon
- Neuro-Medicine Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Wai Sang Poon
| | - Honghao Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Honghao Hou
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Neural Networks Surgery Team, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Wang
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6
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Regulatory T cell niche in the bone marrow, a new player in Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Blood Rev 2022; 59:101030. [PMID: 36336520 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2022.101030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Challenges in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation such as low bone marrow (BM) engraftment, graft versus host disease (GvHD) and the need for long-term immunosuppression could be addressed using T regulatory cells (Tregs) resident in the tissue of interest, in this case, BM Tregs. Controlling the adverse immune response in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and minimising the associated risks such as infection and secondary cancers due to long-term immunosuppression is a crucial aspect of clinical practice in this field. While systemic immunosuppressive therapy could achieve reasonable GvHD control in most patients, related side effects remain the main limiting factor. Developing more targeted immunosuppressive strategies is an unmet clinical need and is the focus of several ongoing research projects. Tregs are a non-redundant sub-population of CD4+ T cells essential for controlling the immune homeostasis. Tregs are known to be reduced in number and function in autoimmune conditions. There is considerable interest in these cells as cell therapy products since they can be expanded in vitro and infused into patients. These trials have found Treg therapy to be safe, well-tolerated, and with some early signs of efficacy. However, Tregs are a heterogeneous subpopulation of T cells, and several novel subpopulations have been identified in recent years beyond the conventional thymic (tTregs) and peripheral (pTregs). There is increasing evidence for the presence of resident and tissue-specific Tregs. Bone marrow (BM) Tregs are one example of tissue-resident Tregs. BM Tregs are enriched within the marrow, serving a dual function of immunosuppression and maintenance of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). HSCs maintenance is achieved through direct suppression of HSCs differentiation, maintaining a proliferating pool of HSCs, and promoting the development of functional stromal cells that support HSCs. In this review, we will touch upon the biology of Tregs, focusing on their development and heterogeneity. We will focus on the BM Tregs from their biology to their therapeutic potential, focusing on their use in HSCT.
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7
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Copsel SN, Wolf D, Pfeiffer B, Barreras H, Perez VL, Levy RB. Recipient Tregs: Can They Be Exploited for Successful Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Outcomes? Front Immunol 2022; 13:932527. [PMID: 35799783 PMCID: PMC9253768 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.932527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human and mouse CD4+FoxP3+ T cells (Tregs) comprise non-redundant regulatory compartments which maintain self-tolerance and have been found to be of potential therapeutic usefulness in autoimmune disorders and transplants including allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). There is substantial literature interrogating the application of donor derived Tregs for the prevention of graft versus host disease (GVHD). This Mini-Review will focus on the recipient's Tregs which persist post-transplant. Although treatment in patients with low dose IL-2 months post-HSCT are encouraging, manipulating Tregs in recipients early post-transplant is challenging, in part likely an indirect consequence of damage to the microenvironment required to support Treg expansion of which little is understood. This review will discuss the potential for manipulating recipient Tregs in vivo prior to and after HSCT (fusion proteins, mAbs). Strategies that would circumvent donor/recipient peripheral blood harvest, cell culture and ex-vivo Treg expansion will be considered for the translational application of Tregs to improve HSCT outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina N. Copsel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Dietlinde Wolf
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Brent Pfeiffer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Henry Barreras
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Victor L. Perez
- Foster Center for Ocular Immunology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Robert B. Levy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States,*Correspondence: Robert B. Levy,
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8
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Abstract
Recent evidence shows that when ischemic stroke (IS) occurs, the BBB would be destructed, thereby promoting the immune cells to migrate into the brain, suggesting that the immune responses can play a vital role in the pathology of IS. As an essential subpopulation of immunosuppressive T cells, regulatory T (Treg) cells are involved in maintaining immune homeostasis and suppressing immune responses in the pathophysiological conditions of IS. During the past decades, the regulatory role of Treg cells has attracted the interest of numerous researchers. However, whether they are beneficial or detrimental to the outcomes of IS remains controversial. Moreover, Treg cells exert distinctive effects in the different stages of IS. Therefore, it is urgent to elucidate how Treg cells modulate the immune responses induced by IS. In this review, we describe how Treg cells fluctuate and play a role in the regulation of immune responses after IS in both experimental animals and humans, and summarize their biological functions and mechanisms in both CNS and periphery. We also discuss how Treg cells participate in poststroke inflammation and immunodepression and the potential of Treg cells as a novel therapeutic approach.
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9
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Guo WW, Su XH, Wang MY, Han MZ, Feng XM, Jiang EL. Regulatory T Cells in GVHD Therapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:697854. [PMID: 34220860 PMCID: PMC8250864 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.697854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft versus host disease (GVHD) is a common complication and the leading cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Pharmacological immunosuppression used in GVHD prophylaxis and treatment lacks specificity and can increase the likelihood of infection and relapse. Regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) play a vital role in restraining excessive immune responses and inducing peripheral immune tolerance. In particular, clinical trials have demonstrated that Tregs can prevent and treat GVHD, without increasing the risk of relapse and infection. Hence, adoptive transfer of Tregs to control GVHD using their immunosuppressive properties represents a promising therapeutic approach. To optimally apply Tregs for control of GVHD, a thorough understanding of their biology is necessary. In this review, we describe the biological characteristics of Tregs, including how the stability of FOXP3 expression can be maintained. We will also discuss the mechanisms underlying Tregs-mediated modulation of GVHD and approaches to effectively increase Tregs’ numbers. Finally, we will examine the developing trends in the use of Tregs for clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiu-Hua Su
- School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ming-Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming-Zhe Han
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Er-Lie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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10
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Yu Y, Jiang P, Sun P, Su N, Lin F. Analysis of therapeutic potential of preclinical models based on DR3/TL1A pathway modulation (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:693. [PMID: 33986858 PMCID: PMC8111866 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Death receptor 3 (DR3) and its corresponding ligand, tumor necrosis factor-like ligand 1A (TL1A), belong to the tumor necrosis factor superfamily. Signaling via this receptor-ligand pair results in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Effector lymphocytes can be activated to exert pro-inflammatory activity by triggering the DR3/TL1A pathway. By contrast, DR3/TL1A signaling also induces expansion of the suppressive function of regulatory T cells, which serve an important role in exerting anti-inflammatory functions and maintaining immune homeostasis. Preclinical evidence indicates that neutralizing and agonistic antibodies, as well as ligand-based approaches targeting the DR3/TL1A pathway, may be used to treat diseases, including inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases. Accumulating evidence has suggested that modulating the DR3/TL1A pathway is a promising therapeutic approach for patients with these diseases. This review discusses preclinical models to gauge the progress of therapeutic strategies for diseases involving the DR3/TL1A pathway to aid in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhong Yu
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610052, P.R. China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610052, P.R. China
| | - Pan Sun
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610052, P.R. China
| | - Na Su
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610052, P.R. China
| | - Fangzhao Lin
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610052, P.R. China
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11
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Mass Cytometry, Imaging Mass Cytometry, and Multiplexed Ion Beam Imaging Use in a Clinical Setting. Clin Lab Med 2021; 41:297-308. [PMID: 34020765 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mass cytometry (MC), imaging mass cytometry (IMC), and multiplexed ion beam imaging (MIBI) represent a new generation of tools to understand increasingly complex systems. Although these technologies differ in their intended applications, with MC being most similar to flow cytometry, and IMC/MIBI being similar to immunohistochemistry, they all share a time of flight mass spectrometry (TOF MS) platform. These TOF MS platforms use metal conjugated antibodies as opposed to fluorophores, increasing the measurable parameters up to approximately 50 with a theoretic limit approximately 100 parameters. These tools are being adapted to understand highly complex systems in basic and clinical research.
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12
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Vandenhove B, Canti L, Schoemans H, Beguin Y, Baron F, Graux C, Kerre T, Servais S. How to Make an Immune System and a Foreign Host Quickly Cohabit in Peace? The Challenge of Acute Graft- Versus-Host Disease Prevention After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:583564. [PMID: 33193397 PMCID: PMC7609863 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.583564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) has been used as cellular immunotherapy against hematological cancers for more than six decades. Its therapeutic efficacy relies on the cytoreductive effects of the conditioning regimen but also on potent graft-versus-tumor (GVT) reactions mediated by donor-derived immune cells. However, beneficial GVT effects may be counterbalanced by acute GVHD (aGVHD), a systemic syndrome in which donor immune cells attack healthy tissues of the recipient, resulting in severe inflammatory lesions mainly of the skin, gut, and liver. Despite standard prophylaxis regimens, aGVHD still occurs in approximately 20–50% of alloHCT recipients and remains a leading cause of transplant-related mortality. Over the past two decades, advances in the understanding its pathophysiology have helped to redefine aGVHD reactions and clinical presentations as well as developing novel strategies to optimize its prevention. In this review, we provide a brief overview of current knowledge on aGVHD immunopathology and discuss current approaches and novel strategies being developed and evaluated in clinical trials for aGVHD prevention. Optimal prophylaxis of aGVHD would prevent the development of clinically significant aGVHD, while preserving sufficient immune responsiveness to maintain beneficial GVT effects and immune defenses against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Vandenhove
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-I3, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Lorenzo Canti
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-I3, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Hélène Schoemans
- Department of Clinical Hematology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yves Beguin
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-I3, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Clinical Hematology, CHU of Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Baron
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-I3, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Clinical Hematology, CHU of Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Carlos Graux
- Department of Clinical Hematology, CHU UCL Namur (Godinne), Université Catholique de Louvain, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Tessa Kerre
- Hematology Department, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sophie Servais
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-I3, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Clinical Hematology, CHU of Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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13
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Abstract
Immune regulation is critically important in health and disease. These immune effects have direct relevance in the setting of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), principally for the control of aberrant immune reactions, such as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Murine models have been critically important to evaluate the potential of two of the most potent immune regulatory cells CD4+CD25+FoxP+ regulatory T cells (Treg) and invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT cells). These cells have been shown to be remarkably effective in murine models to control GVHD and allow for the maintenance of graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effects. Interestingly, there are critical interactions between these different cell populations. Future studies are aimed at exploring the biology of these important regulatory cells and to translate these concepts to the clinic that holds promise for controlling some of the major challenges of allogeneic HCT.
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14
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The Role of TNFR2 and DR3 in the In Vivo Expansion of Tregs in T Cell Depleting Transplantation Regimens. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093347. [PMID: 32397343 PMCID: PMC7247540 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for the maintenance of tolerance to self and non-self through cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic mechanisms. Peripheral Tregs survival and clonal expansion largely depend on IL-2 and access to co-stimulatory signals such as CD28. Engagement of tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily members, in particular TNFR2 and DR3, contribute to promote peripheral Tregs expansion and sustain their survival. This property can be leveraged to enhance tolerance to allogeneic transplants by tipping the balance of Tregs over conventional T cells during the course of immune reconstitution. This is of particular interest in peri-transplant tolerance induction protocols in which T cell depletion is applied to reduce the frequency of alloreactive T cells or in conditioning regimens that allow allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. These conditioning regimens are being implemented to limit long-term side effects of continuous immunosuppression and facilitate the establishment of a state of donor-specific tolerance. Lymphopenia-induced homeostatic proliferation in response to cytoreductive conditioning is a window of opportunity to enhance preferential expansion of Tregs during homeostatic proliferation that can be potentiated by agonist stimulation of TNFR.
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Mancusi A, Piccinelli S, Velardi A, Pierini A. CD4 +FOXP3 + Regulatory T Cell Therapies in HLA Haploidentical Hematopoietic Transplantation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2901. [PMID: 31921162 PMCID: PMC6927932 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) represented a promising tool to induce tolerance in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Preclinical models proved that adoptive transfer of Tregs or the use of compounds that can favor their function in vivo are effective for prevention and treatment of graft-vs.-host disease (GvHD). Following these findings, Treg-based therapies have been employed in clinical trials. Adoptive immunotherapy with Tregs effectively prevents GvHD induced by alloreactive T cells in the setting of one HLA haplotype mismatched hematopoietic transplantation. The absence of post transplant pharmacologic immunosuppression unleashes T-cell mediated graft-vs.-tumor (GvT) effect, which results in an unprecedented, almost complete control of leukemia relapse in this setting. In the present review, we will report preclinical studies and clinical trials that demonstrate Treg ability to promote donor engraftment, protect from GvHD and improve GvT effect. We will also discuss new strategies to further enhance in vivo efficacy of Treg-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Mancusi
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sara Piccinelli
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Velardi
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio Pierini
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Li J, Shi W, Sun H, Ji Y, Chen Y, Guo X, Sheng H, Shu J, Zhou L, Cai T, Qiu J. Activation of DR3 signaling causes loss of ILC3s and exacerbates intestinal inflammation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3371. [PMID: 31358760 PMCID: PMC6662828 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11304-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF-like ligand 1 A (TL1A) and death receptor 3 (DR3) are a ligand-receptor pair involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) regulate intestinal immunity and highly express DR3. Here, we report that activation of DR3 signaling by an agonistic anti-DR3 antibody increases GM-CSF production from ILC3s through the p38 MAPK pathway. GM-CSF causes accumulation of eosinophils, neutrophils and CD11b+CD11c+ myeloid cells, resulting in loss of ILC3s from the intestine in an IL-23-dependent manner and exacerbating colitis. Blockade of GM-CSF or IL-23 reverses anti-DR3 antibody-driven ILC3 loss, whereas overexpression of IL-23 induces loss of ILC3s in the absence of GM-CSF. Neutralization of TL1A by soluble DR3 ameliorates both DSS and anti-CD40 antibody-induced colitis. Moreover, ILC3s are required for the deleterious effect of anti-DR3 antibodies on innate colitis. These findings clarify the process and consequences of DR3 signaling-induced intestinal inflammation through regulation of ILC3s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wenli Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Hanxiao Sun
- Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Yan Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yuqin Chen
- Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Xiaohuan Guo
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Huiming Sheng
- Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Jie Shu
- Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Ting Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ju Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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Mavers M, Simonetta F, Nishikii H, Ribado JV, Maas-Bauer K, Alvarez M, Hirai T, Turkoz M, Baker J, Negrin RS. Activation of the DR3-TL1A Axis in Donor Mice Leads to Regulatory T Cell Expansion and Activation With Reduction in Graft-Versus-Host Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1624. [PMID: 31379829 PMCID: PMC6652149 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Death receptor 3 (DR3) is a tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member (TNFRSF25), which is minimally expressed on resting conventional T cells (though readily inducible upon cell activation), yet highly expressed on resting FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg). We recently demonstrated that activation of DR3 with an agonistic antibody (4C12) leads to selective expansion and activation of Treg in healthy mice and suppression of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in recipient mice when donor mice are treated. However, given the long antibody half-life and concomitant safety concerns, along with the lack of a humanized agonistic antibody to DR3, both human and murine fusion proteins incorporating the natural DR3 ligand TL1A (TL1A-Ig) have been developed. Herein, we show that DR3 activation with 4C12 or with TL1A-Ig, with or without the addition of low dose IL-2 to the treatment regimen, led to a significant expansion of murine Treg in spleen, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood. Bioluminescent imaging revealed peak Treg expansion around day 7-8, with return to near baseline after 2-3 weeks. In addition to expansion, all DR3 agonist treatment regimens led to increased activation of Tregs, with significant upregulation of the activation markers ICOS, KLRG-1, PD-1, and CD103, and the proliferation marker Ki-67. The near absence of activated Treg populations in control treated spleens was also detected on tSNE analysis of flow cytometry data. Subtly different patterns of splenic Treg activation by the different DR3 agonists were noted in both tSNE analysis of flow cytometry data and RNA-sequencing analysis. However, upregulation of gene transcripts which play important roles in cell proliferation, trafficking, activation, and effector function were observed regardless of the DR3 agonist treatment regimen used. In the major MHC-mismatch model of hematopoietic cell transplantation, DR3 agonist-mediated expansion and activation of Tregs in donor mice led to a significant improvement in GVHD in recipient mice. These data provide important preclinical information regarding the outcome of DR3 activation with an agonistic antibody or natural ligand and provide insight into the therapeutic use of this approach to reduce GVHD in recipients and improve outcomes of hematopoietic cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Mavers
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Bass Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Federico Simonetta
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Hidekazu Nishikii
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jessica V Ribado
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Kristina Maas-Bauer
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Maite Alvarez
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Toshihito Hirai
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Mustafa Turkoz
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jeanette Baker
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Robert S Negrin
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, United States
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Copsel S, Wolf D, Komanduri KV, Levy RB. The promise of CD4 +FoxP3 + regulatory T-cell manipulation in vivo: applications for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Haematologica 2019; 104:1309-1321. [PMID: 31221786 PMCID: PMC6601084 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.198838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a non-redundant population critical for the maintenance of self-tolerance. Over the past decade, the use of these cells for therapeutic purposes in transplantation and autoimmune disease has emerged based on their capacity to inhibit immune activation. Basic science discoveries have led to identifying key receptors on Tregs that can regulate their proliferation and function. Notably, the understanding that IL-2 signaling is crucial for Treg homeostasis promoted the hypothesis that in vivo IL-2 treatment could provide a strategy to control the compartment. The use of low-dose IL-2 in vivo was shown to selectively expand Tregs versus other immune cells. Interestingly, a number of other Treg cell surface proteins, including CD28, CD45, IL-33R and TNFRSF members, have been identified which can also induce activation and proliferation of this population. Pre-clinical studies have exploited these observations to prevent and treat mice developing autoimmune diseases and graft-versus-host disease post-allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. These findings support the development of translational strategies to expand Tregs in patients. Excitingly, the use of low-dose IL-2 for patients suffering from graft-versus-host disease and autoimmune disease has demonstrated increased Treg levels together with beneficial outcomes. To date, promising pre-clinical and clinical studies have directly targeted Tregs and clearly established the ability to increase their levels and augment their function in vivo. Here we review the evolving field of in vivo Treg manipulation and its application to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Krishna V Komanduri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Division of Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine
| | - Robert B Levy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology .,Division of Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine.,Department of Ophthalmology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL, USA
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19
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Saand AR, Yu F, Chen J, Chou SHY. Systemic inflammation in hemorrhagic strokes - A novel neurological sign and therapeutic target? J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:959-988. [PMID: 30961425 PMCID: PMC6547186 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19841443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidences suggest that stroke is a systemic disease affecting many organ systems beyond the brain. Stroke-related systemic inflammatory response and immune dysregulations may play an important role in brain injury, recovery, and stroke outcome. The two main phenomena in stroke-related peripheral immune dysregulations are systemic inflammation and post-stroke immunosuppression. There is emerging evidence suggesting that the spleen contracts following ischemic stroke, activates peripheral immune response and this may further potentiate brain injury. Whether similar brain-immune crosstalk occurs in hemorrhagic strokes such as intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is not established. In this review, we systematically examined animal and human evidence to date on peripheral immune responses associated with hemorrhagic strokes. Specifically, we reviewed the impact of clinical systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), inflammation- and immune-associated biomarkers, the brain-spleen interaction, and cellular mediators of peripheral immune responses to ICH and SAH including regulatory T cells (Tregs). While there is growing data suggesting that peripheral immune dysregulation following hemorrhagic strokes may be important in brain injury pathogenesis and outcome, details of this brain-immune system cross-talk remain insufficiently understood. This is an important unmet scientific need that may lead to novel therapeutic strategies in this highly morbid condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha R Saand
- 1 Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Fang Yu
- 2 Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- 2 Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sherry H-Y Chou
- 1 Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,2 Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,3 Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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20
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Thangavelu G, Blazar BR. Achievement of Tolerance Induction to Prevent Acute Graft-vs.-Host Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:309. [PMID: 30906290 PMCID: PMC6419712 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) limits the efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), a main therapy to treat various hematological disorders. Despite rapid progress in understanding GVHD pathogenesis, broad immunosuppressive agents are most often used to prevent and remain the first line of therapy to treat GVHD. Strategies enhancing immune tolerance in allo-HSCT would permit reductions in immunosuppressant use and their associated undesirable side effects. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms responsible for GVHD and advancement in strategies to achieve immune balance and tolerance thereby avoiding GVHD and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govindarajan Thangavelu
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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21
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Wing JB, Tay C, Sakaguchi S. Control of Regulatory T Cells by Co-signal Molecules. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1189:179-210. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9717-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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22
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Impaired bone marrow B-cell development in mice with a bronchiolitis obliterans model of cGVHD. Blood Adv 2018; 2:2307-2319. [PMID: 30228128 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017014977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) causes significant morbidity and mortality in patients after allogeneic bone marrow (BM) or stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). Recent work has indicated that both T and B lymphocytes play an important role in the pathophysiology of cGVHD. Previously, our group showed a critical role for the germinal center response in the function of B cells using a bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) model of cGVHD. Here, we demonstrated for the first time that cGVHD is associated with severe defects in the generation of BM B lymphoid and uncommitted common lymphoid progenitor cells. We found an increase in the number of donor CD4+ T cells in the BM of mice with cGVHD that was negatively correlated with B-cell development and the frequency of osteoblasts and Prrx-1-expressing perivascular stromal cells, which are present in the B-cell niche. Use of anti-DR3 monoclonal antibodies to enhance the number of donor regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the donor T-cell inoculum ameliorated the pathology associated with BO in this model. This correlated with an increased number of endosteal osteoblastic cells and significantly improved the generation of B-cell precursors in the BM after allo-SCT. Our work indicates that donor Tregs play a critical role in preserving the generation of B-cell precursors in the BM after allo-SCT. Approaches to enhance the number and/or function of donor Tregs that do not enhance conventional T-cell activity may be important to decrease the incidence and severity of cGVHD in part through normal B-cell lymphopoiesis.
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23
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Hu X, Leak RK, Thomson AW, Yu F, Xia Y, Wechsler LR, Chen J. Promises and limitations of immune cell-based therapies in neurological disorders. Nat Rev Neurol 2018; 14:559-568. [PMID: 29925925 PMCID: PMC6237550 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-018-0028-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The healthy immune system has natural checkpoints that temper pernicious inflammation. Cells mediating these checkpoints include regulatory T cells, regulatory B cells, regulatory dendritic cells, microglia, macrophages and monocytes. Here, we highlight discoveries on the beneficial functions of regulatory immune cells and their mechanisms of action and evaluate their potential use as novel cell-based therapies for brain disorders. Regulatory immune cell therapies have the potential not only to mitigate the exacerbation of brain injury by inflammation but also to promote an active post-injury brain repair programme. By harnessing the reparative properties of these cells, we can reduce over-reliance on medications that mask clinical symptoms but fail to impede or reverse the progression of brain disorders. Although these discoveries encourage further testing and genetic engineering of regulatory immune cells for the clinical management of neurological disorders, a number of challenges must be surmounted to improve their safety and efficacy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Hu
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rehana K Leak
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Angus W Thomson
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Fang Yu
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yuguo Xia
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lawrence R Wechsler
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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24
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Li Z, Buttó LF, Buela KA, Jia LG, Lam M, Ward JD, Pizarro TT, Cominelli F. Death Receptor 3 Signaling Controls the Balance between Regulatory and Effector Lymphocytes in SAMP1/YitFc Mice with Crohn's Disease-Like Ileitis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:362. [PMID: 29545797 PMCID: PMC5837992 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Death receptor 3 (DR3), a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily, has been implicated in regulating T-helper type-1 (TH1), type-2 (TH2), and type-17 (TH17) responses as well as regulatory T cell (Treg) and innate lymphoid cell (ILC) functions during immune-mediated diseases. However, the role of DR3 in controlling lymphocyte functions in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is not fully understood. Recent studies have shown that activation of DR3 signaling modulates Treg expansion suggesting that stimulation of DR3 represents a potential therapeutic target in human inflammatory diseases, including Crohn's disease (CD). In this study, we tested a specific DR3 agonistic antibody (4C12) in SAMP1/YitFc (SAMP) mice with CD-like ileitis. Interestingly, treatment with 4C12 prior to disease manifestation markedly worsened the severity of ileitis in SAMP mice despite an increase in FoxP3+ lymphocytes in mesenteric lymph node (MLN) and small-intestinal lamina propria (LP) cells. Disease exacerbation was dominated by overproduction of both TH1 and TH2 cytokines and associated with expansion of dysfunctional CD25-FoxP3+ and ILC group 1 (ILC1) cells. These effects were accompanied by a reduction in CD25+FoxP3+ and ILC group 3 (ILC3) cells. By comparison, genetic deletion of DR3 effectively reversed the inflammatory phenotype in SAMP mice by promoting the expansion of CD25+FoxP3+ over CD25-FoxP3+ cells and the production of IL-10 protein. Collectively, our data demonstrate that DR3 signaling modulates a multicellular network, encompassing Tregs, T effectors, and ILCs, governing disease development and progression in SAMP mice with CD-like ileitis. Manipulating DR3 signaling toward the restoration of the balance between protective and inflammatory lymphocytes may represent a novel and targeted therapeutic modality for patients with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaodong Li
- BRB-5, Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Ludovica F Buttó
- BRB-5, Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Kristine-Anne Buela
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Li-Guo Jia
- BRB-5, Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Minh Lam
- BRB-5, Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - John D Ward
- BRB-5, Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Theresa T Pizarro
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Fabio Cominelli
- BRB-5, Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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26
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Pierini A, Iliopoulou BP, Peiris H, Pérez-Cruz M, Baker J, Hsu K, Gu X, Zheng PP, Erkers T, Tang SW, Strober W, Alvarez M, Ring A, Velardi A, Negrin RS, Kim SK, Meyer EH. T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptor promote immune tolerance. JCI Insight 2017; 2:92865. [PMID: 29046484 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.92865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular therapies based on permanent genetic modification of conventional T cells have emerged as a promising strategy for cancer. However, it remains unknown if modification of T cell subsets, such as Tregs, could be useful in other settings, such as allograft transplantation. Here, we use a modular system based on a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) that binds covalently modified mAbs to control Treg activation in vivo. Transient expression of this mAb-directed CAR (mAbCAR) in Tregs permitted Treg targeting to specific tissue sites and mitigated allograft responses, such as graft-versus-host disease. mAbCAR Tregs targeted to MHC class I proteins on allografts prolonged islet allograft survival and also prolonged the survival of secondary skin grafts specifically matched to the original islet allograft. Thus, transient genetic modification to produce mAbCAR T cells led to durable immune modulation, suggesting therapeutic targeting strategies for controlling alloreactivity in settings such as organ or tissue transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pierini
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Department of Medicine, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Program, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Bettina P Iliopoulou
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Heshan Peiris
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Magdiel Pérez-Cruz
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jeanette Baker
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Katie Hsu
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Xueying Gu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ping-Ping Zheng
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Tom Erkers
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sai-Wen Tang
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - William Strober
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Maite Alvarez
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Aaron Ring
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Andrea Velardi
- Department of Medicine, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Program, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Robert S Negrin
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Seung K Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Everett H Meyer
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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27
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Ronald JA, Kim BS, Gowrishankar G, Namavari M, Alam IS, D'Souza A, Nishikii H, Chuang HY, Ilovich O, Lin CF, Reeves R, Shuhendler A, Hoehne A, Chan CT, Baker J, Yaghoubi SS, VanBrocklin HF, Hawkins R, Franc BL, Jivan S, Slater JB, Verdin EF, Gao KT, Benjamin J, Negrin R, Gambhir SS. A PET Imaging Strategy to Visualize Activated T Cells in Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease Elicited by Allogenic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant. Cancer Res 2017; 77:2893-2902. [PMID: 28572504 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A major barrier to successful use of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation is acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), a devastating condition that arises when donor T cells attack host tissues. With current technologies, aGVHD diagnosis is typically made after end-organ injury and often requires invasive tests and tissue biopsies. This affects patient prognosis as treatments are dramatically less effective at late disease stages. Here, we show that a novel PET radiotracer, 2'-deoxy-2'-[18F]fluoro-9-β-D-arabinofuranosylguanine ([18F]F-AraG), targeted toward two salvage kinase pathways preferentially accumulates in activated primary T cells. [18F]F-AraG PET imaging of a murine aGVHD model enabled visualization of secondary lymphoid organs harboring activated donor T cells prior to clinical symptoms. Tracer biodistribution in healthy humans showed favorable kinetics. This new PET strategy has great potential for early aGVHD diagnosis, enabling timely treatments and improved patient outcomes. [18F]F-AraG may be useful for imaging activated T cells in various biomedical applications. Cancer Res; 77(11); 2893-902. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Ronald
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Robarts Research Institute, Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Byung-Su Kim
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Gayatri Gowrishankar
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Mohammad Namavari
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Israt S Alam
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Aloma D'Souza
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Hidekazu Nishikii
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Hui-Yen Chuang
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ohad Ilovich
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Chih-Feng Lin
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Pathology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Robert Reeves
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Adam Shuhendler
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Aileen Hoehne
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Carmel T Chan
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Jeanette Baker
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | | | - Henry F VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Randall Hawkins
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Benjamin L Franc
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Salma Jivan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - James B Slater
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Emily F Verdin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Kenneth T Gao
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jonathan Benjamin
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Robert Negrin
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Sanjiv Sam Gambhir
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California. .,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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28
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Mahr B, Wekerle T. Murine models of transplantation tolerance through mixed chimerism: advances and roadblocks. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 189:181-189. [PMID: 28395110 PMCID: PMC5508343 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Organ transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with end-stage organ failure, but chronic immunosuppression is taking its toll in terms of morbidity and poor efficacy in preventing late graft loss. Therefore, a drug-free state would be desirable where the recipient permanently accepts a donor organ while remaining otherwise fully immunologically competent. Mouse studies unveiled mixed chimerism as an effective approach to induce such donor-specific tolerance deliberately and laid the foundation for a series of clinical pilot trials. Nevertheless, its widespread clinical implementation is currently prevented by cytotoxic conditioning and limited efficacy. Therefore, the use of mouse studies remains an indispensable tool for the development of novel concepts with potential for translation and for the delineation of underlying tolerance mechanisms. Recent innovations developed in mice include the use of pro-apoptotic drugs or regulatory T cell (Treg ) transfer for promoting bone marrow engraftment in the absence of myelosuppression and new insight gained in the role of innate immunity and the interplay between deletion and regulation in maintaining tolerance in chimeras. Here, we review these and other recent advances in murine studies inducing transplantation tolerance through mixed chimerism and discuss both the advances and roadblocks of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Mahr
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - T. Wekerle
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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29
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Bittner S, Ehrenschwender M. Multifaceted death receptor 3 signaling-promoting survival and triggering death. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:2543-2555. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Bittner
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene; University Hospital Regensburg; Germany
| | - Martin Ehrenschwender
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene; University Hospital Regensburg; Germany
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30
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Bittner S, Knoll G, Ehrenschwender M. Death receptor 3 signaling enhances proliferation of human regulatory T cells. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:1187-1195. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Bittner
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene; University Hospital Regensburg; Germany
| | - Gertrud Knoll
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene; University Hospital Regensburg; Germany
| | - Martin Ehrenschwender
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene; University Hospital Regensburg; Germany
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31
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Wolf D, Barreras H, Bader CS, Copsel S, Lightbourn CO, Pfeiffer BJ, Altman NH, Podack ER, Komanduri KV, Levy RB. Marked in Vivo Donor Regulatory T Cell Expansion via Interleukin-2 and TL1A-Ig Stimulation Ameliorates Graft-versus-Host Disease but Preserves Graft-versus-Leukemia in Recipients after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2017; 23:757-766. [PMID: 28219835 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are critical for self-tolerance. Although adoptive transfer of expanded Tregs limits graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), ex vivo generation of large numbers of functional Tregs remains difficult. Here, we demonstrate that in vivo targeting of the TNF superfamily receptor TNFRSF25 using the TL1A-Ig fusion protein, along with IL-2, resulted in transient but massive Treg expansion in donor mice, which peaked within days and was nontoxic. Tregs increased in multiple compartments, including blood, lymph nodes, spleen, and colon (GVHD target tissue). Tregs did not expand in bone marrow, a critical site for graft-versus-malignancy responses. Adoptive transfer of in vivo-expanded Tregs in the setting of MHC-mismatched or MHC-matched allogeneic HSCT significantly ameliorated GVHD. Critically, transplantation of Treg-expanded donor cells facilitated transplant tolerance without GVHD, with complete sparing of graft-versus-malignancy. This approach may prove valuable as a therapeutic strategy promoting transplantation tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietlinde Wolf
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Henry Barreras
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Cameron S Bader
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Sabrina Copsel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Casey O Lightbourn
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Brent J Pfeiffer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Norman H Altman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Eckhard R Podack
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Krishna V Komanduri
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Robert B Levy
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
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32
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Targeting Cytokines in GVHD Therapy. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH AND THERAPY 2017; 2:90-99. [PMID: 28819653 PMCID: PMC5557058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of donor-derived allogeneic hematopoietic cells causes increased survival in patients suffering from various blood cancers and other hematologic and immunologic diseases. However, this health benefit is limited to certain patients. One major complication is graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) that occurs when donor-derived immune cells recognize host cells/tissues as foreign and perpetrate subsequent destruction. Cytokines are a major class of effector molecules that are involved in GVHD pathogenesis. Proinflammatory cytokines released by activated immune cells including T cells lead to the onset of GVHD. T cell depletion (TCD) is an effective approach for GVHD prevention. Several immune suppressive drugs are also used to treat GVHD. However, these prophylactic and treatment strategies often lead to an immune compromised state that increases the risk for infection and cancer relapse. Considering the adverse effects of TCD and overall immune suppression, more selective managements such as approaches targeting proinflammatory cytokines have emerged as a promising strategy to control GVHD. Therefore, this work is dedicated to review recent development in the studies of cytokines and their future implication in GVHD therapy.
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33
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Donor Cell Composition and Reactivity Predict Risk of Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:5601204. [PMID: 27965986 PMCID: PMC5124677 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5601204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a serious complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We designed a functional assay for assessment of individual risk for acute GVHD. Study Design and Methods. Blood samples were collected from patients and donors before HSCT. Two groups of seven patients each were selected, one in which individuals developed acute GVHD grades II-IV and one in which none showed any clinical signs of GVHD. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from donors were incubated in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLCs) with recipient PBMCs. The cells were characterized by flow cytometry before and after MLC. Results. Samples from donors in the GVHD group contained significantly lower frequencies of naïve γδ T-cells and T-cells expressing NK-cell markers CD56 and CD94. Donor samples in this group also exhibited lower frequencies of naïve CD95+ T-cells compared to controls. After MLC, there were dissimilarities in the CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio and frequency of CD69+ T-cells between the two patient groups, with the non-GVHD group showing higher frequencies of CD8+ and CD69+ T-cells. Conclusion. We conclude that a thorough flow cytometric analysis of donor cells for phenotype and allogeneic reactivity may be of value when assessing pretransplant risk for severe acute GVHD.
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34
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DR3 signaling modulates the function of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and the severity of acute graft-versus-host disease. Blood 2016; 128:2846-2858. [PMID: 27760760 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-06-723783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) are a subpopulation of T cells, which regulate the immune system and enhance immune tolerance after transplantation. Donor-derived Treg prevent the development of lethal acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in murine models of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We recently demonstrated that a single treatment of the agonistic antibody to DR3 (death receptor 3, αDR3) to donor mice resulted in the expansion of donor-derived Treg and prevented acute GVHD, although the precise role of DR3 signaling in GVHD has not been elucidated. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the immunophenotype of Treg after DR3 signal activation, demonstrating that DR3-activated Treg (DR3-Treg) had an activated/mature phenotype. Furthermore, the CD25+Foxp3+ subpopulation in DR3-Treg showed stronger suppressive effects in vivo. Prophylactic treatment of αDR3 to recipient mice expanded recipient-derived Treg and reduced the severity of GVHD, whereas DR3 activation in mice with ongoing GVHD further promoted donor T-cell activation/proliferation. These data suggest that the function of DR3 signaling was highly dependent on the activation status of the T cells. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that DR3 signaling affects the function of Treg and T-cell activation after alloantigen exposure in a time-dependent manner. These observations provide important information for future clinical testing using human DR3 signal modulation and highlight the critical effect of the state of T-cell activation on clinical outcomes after activation of DR3.
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35
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TNF-α priming enhances CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T-cell suppressive function in murine GVHD prevention and treatment. Blood 2016; 128:866-71. [PMID: 27365424 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-04-711275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been shown to effectively prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) when adoptively transferred in murine models of hematopoietic cell transplantation and in phase 1/2 clinical trials. Critical limitations to Treg clinical application are the paucity of cells and limited knowledge of the mechanisms of in vivo function. We hypothesized that inflammatory conditions in GVHD modify Treg characteristics and activity. We found that peripheral blood of recipient animals during acute GVHD (aGVHD) induces Treg activation and enhances their function. The serum contains high levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) that selectively activates Tregs without impacting CD4(+)FoxP3(-) T cells. TNF-α priming induces Treg in vivo proliferation, whereas it limits the ability of CD4 and CD8 conventional T cells (Tcons) to proliferate and induce GVHD. TNF-α-primed Tregs prolong animal survival as compared with unprimed Tregs when used at an unfavorable Treg:Tcon ratio, demonstrating enhanced in vivo efficacy of TNF-α-primed Tregs. Because TNF-α is produced by several immune cells during inflammation, our work elucidates aspects of the physiologic mechanisms of Treg function. Furthermore, TNF-α priming of Tregs provides a new tool to optimize Treg cellular therapies for GVHD prevention and treatment.
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36
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Regulatory T Cell Therapy for Ischemic Stroke: how far from Clinical Translation? Transl Stroke Res 2016; 7:415-9. [PMID: 27307291 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-016-0476-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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37
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Rashidi A, DiPersio JF, Sandmaier BM, Colditz GA, Weisdorf DJ. Steroids Versus Steroids Plus Additional Agent in Frontline Treatment of Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2016; 22:1133-1137. [PMID: 26970383 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite extensive research in the last few decades, progress in treatment of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), a common complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), has been limited and steroids continue to be the standard frontline treatment. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have failed to find a beneficial effect of escalating immunosuppression using additional agents. Considering the small number of RCTs, limited sample sizes, and frequent early termination because of anticipated futility, we conducted a systematic review and an aggregate data meta-analysis to explore whether a true efficacy signal has been missed because of the limitations of individual RCTs. Seven reports met our inclusion criteria. The control arm in all studies was 2 mg/kg/day prednisone (or equivalent). The additional agent(s) used in the experimental arm(s) were higher-dose steroids, antithymocyte globulin, infliximab, anti-interleukin-2 receptor antibody (daclizumab and BT563), CD5-specific immunotoxin, and mycophenolate mofetil. Random effects meta-analysis revealed no efficacy signal in pooled response rates at various times points. Overall survival at 100 days was significantly worse in the experimental arm (relative risk [RR], .83; 95% confidence interval [CI], .74 to .94; P = .004, data from 3 studies) and showed a similar trend (albeit not statistically significantly) at 1 year as well (RR, .86; 95% CI, .68 to 1.09; P = .21, data from 5 studies). In conclusion, these results argue against the value of augmented generic immunosuppression beyond steroids for frontline treatment of aGVHD and emphasize the importance of developing alternative strategies. Novel forms of immunomodulation and targeted therapies against non-immune-related pathways may enhance the efficacy of steroids in this setting, and early predictive and prognostic biomarkers can help identify the subgroup of patients who would likely need treatments other than (or in addition to) generic immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Rashidi
- Section of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Leukemia, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
| | - John F DiPersio
- Section of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Leukemia, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Brenda M Sandmaier
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Graham A Colditz
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Daniel J Weisdorf
- The Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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38
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NK Cell and CD4+FoxP3+ Regulatory T Cell Based Therapies for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Engraftment. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:9025835. [PMID: 26880996 PMCID: PMC4736409 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9025835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a powerful therapy to treat multiple hematological diseases. The intensive conditioning regimens used to allow for donor hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) engraftment are often associated with severe toxicity, delayed immune reconstitution, life-threatening infections, and thus higher relapse rates. Additionally, due to the high incidence of graft versus host disease (GvHD), HCT protocols have evolved to prevent such disease that has a detrimental impact on antitumor and antiviral responses. Here, we analyzed the role of host T and natural killer (NK) cells in the rejection of donor HSC engraftment as well as the impact of donor regulatory T cells (Treg) and NK cells on HSC engraftment. We review some of the current strategies that utilize NK or Treg to improve allogeneic HCT therapy in order to accomplish better HSC engraftment and immune reconstitution and achieve a lower incidence of cancer relapse, opportunistic infections, and GvHD.
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39
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Bittner S, Knoll G, Füllsack S, Kurz M, Wajant H, Ehrenschwender M. Soluble TL1A is sufficient for activation of death receptor 3. FEBS J 2015; 283:323-36. [PMID: 26509650 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Death receptor 3 (DR3) is a typical member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family, and was initially identified as a T-cell co-stimulatory molecule. However, further studies revealed a more complex and partly dichotomous role for DR3 and its ligand TL1A under (patho)physiological conditions. TL1A and DR3 are not only a driving force in the development of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, but also play an important role in counteracting these processes through an increase in the number of regulatory T cells. Ligands of the tumor necrosis factor family typically occur in two forms, membrane-bound and soluble, that can differ strikingly with respect to their efficacy in activating their corresponding receptor(s). Ligand-based approaches to activate the TL1A-DR3 pathway therefore require understanding of the molecular prerequisites of TL1A-based DR3 activation. To date, this has not been addressed. Here, we show that recombinant soluble trimeric TL1A is fully sufficient to strongly activate DR3-associated pro- and anti-apoptotic signaling pathways. In contrast to the TRAIL death receptors, which are much better activated by soluble TRAIL upon secondary ligand oligomerization, but similarly to the death receptor tumor necrosis factor receptor 1, DR3 is efficiently activated by soluble TL1A trimers. Additionally, we have measured the affinity of TL1A-DR3 interaction in a cell-based system, and demonstrated TL1A-induced DR3 internalization. Identification of DR3 as a tumor necrosis factor receptor that responds to soluble ligand trimers without further oligomerization provides a basis for therapeutic exploitation of the TL1A-DR3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Bittner
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gertrud Knoll
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Simone Füllsack
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maria Kurz
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Harald Wajant
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Ehrenschwender
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg, Germany
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40
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Pierini A, Schneidawind D, Nishikii H, Negrin RS. Regulatory T Cell Immunotherapy in Immune-Mediated Diseases. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2015; 1:177-186. [PMID: 26779417 DOI: 10.1007/s40778-015-0025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Broad clinical interest rapidly followed the recent discovery of different subpopulations of T cells that have immune regulatory properties and a number of studies have been conducted aiming to dissect the translational potential of these promising cells. In this review we will focus on forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) positive regulatory T cells, T regulatory type 1 cells and invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT). We will analyze their ability to correct immune dysregulation in animal models of immune mediated diseases and we will examine the first clinical approaches where these cells have been directly or indirectly employed. We will discuss successes, challenges and limitations that rose in the road to the clinical use of regulatory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pierini
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Dominik Schneidawind
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine II, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hidekazu Nishikii
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Robert S Negrin
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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