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Lokken-Toyli KL, Diaz-Ochoa VE, Camacho L, Stull-Lane AR, Van Hecke AER, Mooney JP, Muñoz AD, Walker GT, Hampel D, Jiang X, Labuda JC, Depew CE, McSorley SJ, Stephensen CB, Tsolis RM. Vitamin A deficiency impairs neutrophil-mediated control of Salmonella via SLC11A1 in mice. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:727-736. [PMID: 38374245 PMCID: PMC10914596 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01613-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
In sub-Saharan Africa, multidrug-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars are a common cause of fatal bloodstream infection. Malnutrition is a predisposing factor, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here we show that vitamin A deficiency, one of the most prevalent micronutrient deficits afflicting African children, increases susceptibility to disseminated non-typhoidal Salmonella disease in mice and impairs terminal neutrophil maturation. Immature neutrophils had reduced expression of Slc11a1, a gene that encodes a metal ion transporter generally thought to restrict pathogen growth in macrophages. Adoptive transfer of SLC11A1-proficient neutrophils, but not SLC11A1-deficient neutrophils, reduced systemic Salmonella burden in Slc11a1-/- mice or mice with vitamin A deficiency. Loss of terminal granulopoiesis regulator CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein ϵ (C/EBPϵ) also decreased neutrophil-mediated control of Salmonella, but not that mediated by peritoneal macrophages. Susceptibility to infection increased in Cebpe-/- Slc11a1+/+ mice compared with wild-type controls, in an Slc11a1-expression-dependent manner. These data suggest that SLC11A1 deficiency impairs Salmonella control in part by blunting neutrophil-mediated defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L Lokken-Toyli
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Vladimir E Diaz-Ochoa
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lizbeth Camacho
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Annica R Stull-Lane
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Amber E R Van Hecke
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jason P Mooney
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ariel D Muñoz
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Gregory T Walker
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Daniela Hampel
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Xiaowen Jiang
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jasmine C Labuda
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Claire E Depew
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Stephen J McSorley
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Charles B Stephensen
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Renée M Tsolis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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Meng C, Chen G, Liu Y, Wen D, Cui J, Dong L, Yang Z, Meng H, Gao Y, Feng J, Cui X, Wu C. miR-4687-5p Affects Intracellular Survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis through Its Regulation of NRAMP1 Expression in A549 Cells. Microorganisms 2024; 12:227. [PMID: 38276212 PMCID: PMC10818500 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), as one of the leading causes of death, poses a serious predicament to the world. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a role in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. It has been reported that the expression of miRNAs changes upon mycobacterial infection; the screening and identification of miRNAs regulating the expression of genes could benefit our understanding of TB pathogenesis and generate effective strategies for its control and prevention. In this study, luciferase assays showed that miR-4687-5p is bound to the 3'-untranslated region of natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1). Additionally, we found a significant increase in miR-4687-5p expression in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-infected A549 cells. Concomitantly, we detected a reduced level of NRAMP1 expression, suggesting that NRAMP1 is one of the targets of miR-4687-5p. Infection experiments evidenced that the transfection of miR-4687-5p induced a decrease in NRAMP1 expression and increased intracellular Mtb loads post-infection, indicating that miR-4687-5p promotes the intracellular survival of Mtb through its downregulation of the NRAMP1 protein level. We also found that the transfection of miR-4687-5p induced increased apoptosis and decreased cell proliferation post-infection with Mtb. The results presented in our study suggest that miR-4687-5p may be indicative of the susceptibility of Mtb infection to humans and could act as a potential therapeutic target for tuberculosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology of Shanxi Province, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China; (C.M.); (G.C.); (Y.L.); (D.W.); (J.C.); (L.D.); (Z.Y.); (H.M.); (Y.G.); (J.F.)
- The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- The Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Control of Major Infectious Disease of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Guangxin Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology of Shanxi Province, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China; (C.M.); (G.C.); (Y.L.); (D.W.); (J.C.); (L.D.); (Z.Y.); (H.M.); (Y.G.); (J.F.)
- The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yue Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology of Shanxi Province, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China; (C.M.); (G.C.); (Y.L.); (D.W.); (J.C.); (L.D.); (Z.Y.); (H.M.); (Y.G.); (J.F.)
- The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Da Wen
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology of Shanxi Province, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China; (C.M.); (G.C.); (Y.L.); (D.W.); (J.C.); (L.D.); (Z.Y.); (H.M.); (Y.G.); (J.F.)
- The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jia Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology of Shanxi Province, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China; (C.M.); (G.C.); (Y.L.); (D.W.); (J.C.); (L.D.); (Z.Y.); (H.M.); (Y.G.); (J.F.)
- The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- The Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Control of Major Infectious Disease of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Li Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology of Shanxi Province, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China; (C.M.); (G.C.); (Y.L.); (D.W.); (J.C.); (L.D.); (Z.Y.); (H.M.); (Y.G.); (J.F.)
- The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology of Shanxi Province, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China; (C.M.); (G.C.); (Y.L.); (D.W.); (J.C.); (L.D.); (Z.Y.); (H.M.); (Y.G.); (J.F.)
- The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Hangting Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology of Shanxi Province, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China; (C.M.); (G.C.); (Y.L.); (D.W.); (J.C.); (L.D.); (Z.Y.); (H.M.); (Y.G.); (J.F.)
- The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yuanting Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology of Shanxi Province, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China; (C.M.); (G.C.); (Y.L.); (D.W.); (J.C.); (L.D.); (Z.Y.); (H.M.); (Y.G.); (J.F.)
- The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jiao Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology of Shanxi Province, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China; (C.M.); (G.C.); (Y.L.); (D.W.); (J.C.); (L.D.); (Z.Y.); (H.M.); (Y.G.); (J.F.)
- The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiaogang Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology of Shanxi Province, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China; (C.M.); (G.C.); (Y.L.); (D.W.); (J.C.); (L.D.); (Z.Y.); (H.M.); (Y.G.); (J.F.)
- The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- The Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Control of Major Infectious Disease of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Changxin Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology of Shanxi Province, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China; (C.M.); (G.C.); (Y.L.); (D.W.); (J.C.); (L.D.); (Z.Y.); (H.M.); (Y.G.); (J.F.)
- The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- The Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Control of Major Infectious Disease of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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Aaes TL, Burgoa Cardás J, Ravichandran KS. Defining solute carrier transporter signatures of murine immune cell subsets. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1276196. [PMID: 38077407 PMCID: PMC10704505 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1276196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Solute carrier (SLC) transporters are membrane-bound proteins that facilitate nutrient transport, and the movement across cellular membranes of various substrates ranging from ions to amino acids, metabolites and drugs. Recently, SLCs have gained increased attention due to their functional linkage to innate immunological processes such as the clearance of dead cells and anti-microbial defense. Further, the druggable nature of these transporters provides unique opportunities for improving outcomes in different immunological diseases. Although the SLCs represent the largest group of transporters and are often identified as significant hits in omics data sets, their role in immunology has been insufficiently explored. This is partly due to the absence of tools that allow identification of SLC expression in particular immune cell types and enable their comparison before embarking on functional studies. In this study, we used publicly available RNA-Seq data sets to analyze the transcriptome in adaptive and innate immune cells, focusing on differentially and highly expressed SLCs. This revealed several new insights: first, we identify differentially expressed SLC transcripts in phagocytes (macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils) compared to adaptive immune cells; second, we identify new potential immune cell markers based on SLC expression; and third, we provide user-friendly online tools for researchers to explore SLC genes of interest (and the rest of the genes as well), in three-way comparative dot plots among immune cells. We expect this work to facilitate SLC research and comparative transcriptomic studies across different immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Løve Aaes
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Cell Clearance in Health and Disease, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Javier Burgoa Cardás
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Cell Clearance in Health and Disease, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kodi S. Ravichandran
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Cell Clearance in Health and Disease, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Parisien M, Lima LV, Dagostino C, El-Hachem N, Drury GL, Grant AV, Huising J, Verma V, Meloto CB, Silva JR, Dutra GGS, Markova T, Dang H, Tessier PA, Slade GD, Nackley AG, Ghasemlou N, Mogil JS, Allegri M, Diatchenko L. Acute inflammatory response via neutrophil activation protects against the development of chronic pain. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabj9954. [PMID: 35544595 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abj9954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The transition from acute to chronic pain is critically important but not well understood. Here, we investigated the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the transition from acute to chronic low back pain (LBP) and performed transcriptome-wide analysis in peripheral immune cells of 98 participants with acute LBP, followed for 3 months. Transcriptomic changes were compared between patients whose LBP was resolved at 3 months with those whose LBP persisted. We found thousands of dynamic transcriptional changes over 3 months in LBP participants with resolved pain but none in those with persistent pain. Transient neutrophil-driven up-regulation of inflammatory responses was protective against the transition to chronic pain. In mouse pain assays, early treatment with a steroid or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) also led to prolonged pain despite being analgesic in the short term; such a prolongation was not observed with other analgesics. Depletion of neutrophils delayed resolution of pain in mice, whereas peripheral injection of neutrophils themselves, or S100A8/A9 proteins normally released by neutrophils, prevented the development of long-lasting pain induced by an anti-inflammatory drug. Analysis of pain trajectories of human subjects reporting acute back pain in the UK Biobank identified elevated risk of pain persistence for subjects taking NSAIDs. Thus, despite analgesic efficacy at early time points, the management of acute inflammation may be counterproductive for long-term outcomes of LBP sufferers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Parisien
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Lucas V Lima
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Concetta Dagostino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma 43126, Italy
| | - Nehme El-Hachem
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Gillian L Drury
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Audrey V Grant
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Jonathan Huising
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Palliative Medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen 6525, Netherlands
| | - Vivek Verma
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Carolina B Meloto
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Jaqueline R Silva
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Gabrielle G S Dutra
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Teodora Markova
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Hong Dang
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Philippe A Tessier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Gary D Slade
- Center for Pain Research and Innovation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Andrea G Nackley
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine and Departments of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Nader Ghasemlou
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jeffrey S Mogil
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Massimo Allegri
- Pain Therapy Service, Policlinico of Monza Hospital, Monza 20900, Italy.,Pain Management and Neuromodulation Centre, Ensemble Hospitalier de la Côte, Morges 1110, Switzerland
| | - Luda Diatchenko
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada
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Single-Cell Landscape of Lungs Reveals Key Role of Neutrophil-Mediated Immunopathology during Lethal SARS-CoV-2 Infection. J Virol 2022; 96:e0003822. [PMID: 35420442 PMCID: PMC9093099 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00038-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the limitation of human studies with respect to individual difference or the accessibility of fresh tissue samples, how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection results in pathological complications in lung, the main site of infection, is still incompletely understood. Therefore, physiologically relevant animal models under realistic SARS-CoV-2 infection conditions would be helpful to our understanding of dysregulated inflammation response in lung in the context of targeted therapeutics. Here, we characterized the single-cell landscape in lung and spleen upon SARS-CoV-2 infection in an acute severe disease mouse model that replicates human symptoms, including severe lung pathology and lymphopenia. We showed a reduction of lymphocyte populations and an increase of neutrophils in lung and then demonstrated the key role of neutrophil-mediated lung immunopathology in both mice and humans. Under severe conditions, neutrophils recruited by a chemokine-driven positive feedback produced elevated “fatal signature” proinflammatory genes and pathways related to neutrophil activation or releasing of granular content. In addition, we identified a new Cd177high cluster that is undergoing respiratory burst and Stfahigh cluster cells that may dampen antigen presentation upon infection. We also revealed the devastating effect of overactivated neutrophil by showing the highly enriched neutrophil extracellular traps in lung and a dampened B-cell function in either lung or spleen that may be attributed to arginine consumption by neutrophil. The current study helped our understanding of SARS-CoV-2-induced pneumonia and warranted the concept of neutrophil-targeting therapeutics in COVID-19 treatment. IMPORTANCE We demonstrated the single-cell landscape in lung and spleen upon SARS-CoV-2 infection in an acute severe disease mouse model that replicated human symptoms, including severe lung pathology and lymphopenia. Our comprehensive study revealed the key role of neutrophil-mediated lung immunopathology in SARS-CoV-2-induced severe pneumonia, which not only helped our understanding of COVID-19 but also warranted the concept of neutrophil targeting therapeutics in COVID-19 treatment.
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Transcriptional and Translational Responsiveness of the Neisseria gonorrhoeae Type IV Secretion System to Conditions of Host Infections. Infect Immun 2021; 89:e0051921. [PMID: 34581604 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00519-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The type IV secretion system of Neisseria gonorrhoeae translocates single-stranded DNA into the extracellular space, facilitating horizontal gene transfer and initiating biofilm formation. Expression of this system has been observed to be low under laboratory conditions, and multiple levels of regulation have been identified. We used a translational fusion of lacZ to traD, the gene for the type IV secretion system coupling protein, to screen for increased type IV secretion system expression. We identified several physiologically relevant conditions, including surface adherence, decreased manganese or iron, and increased zinc or copper, which increase gonococcal type IV secretion system protein levels through transcriptional and/or translational mechanisms. These metal treatments are reminiscent of the conditions in the macrophage phagosome. The ferric uptake regulator, Fur, was found to repress traD transcript levels but to also have a second role, acting to allow TraD protein levels to increase only in the absence of iron. To better understand type IV secretion system regulation during infection, we examined transcriptomic data from active urethral infection samples from five men. The data demonstrated differential expression of 20 of 21 type IV secretion system genes during infection, indicating upregulation of genes necessary for DNA secretion during host infection.
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Qi H, Wang X, Su L, Wang S, Wang Y. Study on peptide-peptide interactions between transmembrane domains of Slc11a1 in model membranes. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 253:119594. [PMID: 33662699 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we determined the interaction between TM4 and TM2/TM3 domain of Solute carrier family 11 member 1 (Slc11a1) by circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence spectrum. The results indicated that, the cation transport process was likely to be accomplished by the collaboration of multiple TM domains rather than by TM4 domain alone. Therefore, this finding suggested possible transportation theory and be helpful to elucidate the mechanism of Slc11a1 in cation transport process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Qi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, No. 42, Wenhua Street, Qiqihar, PR China; Heilongjiang Industrial Hemp Processing Technology Innovation Center, PR China.
| | - Xiuwen Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, No. 42, Wenhua Street, Qiqihar, PR China
| | - Liqiang Su
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, No. 42, Wenhua Street, Qiqihar, PR China
| | - Shu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, No. 42, Wenhua Street, Qiqihar, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, No. 42, Wenhua Street, Qiqihar, PR China
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Wahyuni TD, Hatta M, Bukhari A, Santoso A, Massi MN. Increasing Natural Resistance Associated Macrophage Protein 1 serum level after Miana treatment in BALB/c induced Klebsiella pneumoniae experimental research. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 65:102262. [PMID: 33898034 PMCID: PMC8058902 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Miana (Coleus Scutellariodes [L] Benth) inhibits growth of bacterial pathogen inside macrophage. Objective The aim of this study is to determine the protein level of Natural Resistance Associated Macrophage Protein 1 (NRAMP1), after administration of Miana extracts in BALB/c mice induced Klebsiella pneumoniae. Methods This is an experimental study using animal model with post test-only controlled group design. Twenty healthy adult male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups, negative control group (distilled water), Levofloxacin 100 mg/kg, injection intraperitoneal, first treatment group (Miana leaves extract/MLE 510 mg/kg) and second treatment group (Miana + levofloxacin). MLE were administered via gastric gavage for ten consecutive days. The blood was drawn from each mice on the first day, on the eight day of experiment (2 h after treatment), and at 10 days. The blood sample was examined by ELISA to determine the NRAMP1 protein level. Analysis of the number of lung tissue bacteria used Plate count agar to see the growth of Klebsiella pneumonia. Results NRAMP1 protein level in BALB/c mice after administration of Miana extract was increased significantly in after 10 days treatment (p < 0.0001). The highest increasing in protein levels was found in treatment group (Miana + levofloxacin) with an increase before treatment 3036,07 to 10010,30 pg/ml after treatment p < 0,0001. Conclusion NRAMP1 protein level in BALB/c mice were highest increasing in protein levels after administration of Miana extract and Levofloxacin compared Miana or Levofloxacin only and clinical impact proved a comparable effect on suppressing Klebsiella pneumoniae growth. The institutional protocol number of this study is 1010/UN4.6.4.5.31/PP36/2019. NRAMP1 was increased significantly in after 10 days treatment of Miana (Coleus scutellaroides (L) Benth). NRAMP1 protein level in were highest increasing after administration of Miana and Levofloxacin compared Miana or Levofloxacin only. The administration of Levofloxacin and Miana proved a comparable effect on suppressing Klebsiella pneumoniae growth. Further study needed to explore in the mRNA expression of NRAMP1 gene after administration of Levofloxacin and Miana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titis Dewi Wahyuni
- Department of Internal Medicine Faculty Medicine Universitas Pelita Harapan, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mochammad Hatta
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Faculty Medicine Universitas Hasanuddin Makassar, Indonesia
- Corresponding author. Molecular Biology and Immunology Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.
| | - Agussalim Bukhari
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty Medicine Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Arif Santoso
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiration, Faculty Medicine Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Nasrum Massi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty Medicine Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
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Wang H, Yuan FF, Dai ZW, Wang B, Ye DQ. Association between rheumatoid arthritis and genetic variants of natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 gene: A meta-analysis. Int J Rheum Dis 2019; 21:1651-1658. [PMID: 30345642 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the association between natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1) polymorphisms and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHOD All related studies were retrieved and screened from PubMed, CNKI and Web of Science. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were assessed for the strength of association between NRAMP1 and RA. Publication bias was measured by Begg's funnel plot and Egger's regression test. The robustness of this meta-analysis was detected by sensitivity analysis. RESULTS A total of five eligible publications were included in the present meta-analysis. The polled data showed no association between RA and NRAMP1 D543N and 1729 + 55del4 in the allele model. However, the relationship between RA and NRAMP1 INT4 was statistically significant (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.14-2.38). Genotypic analysis demonstrated that there were no associations between RA and NRAMP1 D543N, 1729 + 55del4 and INT4 in homozygous comparison (D543N: OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.15-6.09; 1729 + 55del4: OR 1.19, 95% CI 0.29-24.88; INT4: OR 3.18, 95% CI 0.62-16.26), dominant model (D543N: OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.61-61.78; 1729 + 55del4: OR 1.41, 95% CI 0.81-2.47; INT4: OR 1.22, 95% CI 0.72-2.06) and recessive model (D543N: OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.15-5.91; 1729 + 55del4: OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.26-3.86; INT4: OR 2.95, 95% CI 0.61-14.16). In heterozygous comparison, it no association was shown between RA and NRAMP1 D543N and INT4, excepting NRAMP1 1729 + 55del4 (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.17-2.56). Further subgroup analysis indicated that NRAMP1 1729 + 55del4 and INT4 were related to RA in Asia and in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium group. There exists no publication bias in this meta-analysis. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis indicated that NRAMP1 1729 + 55del4 and INT4 confer susceptibility to RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fei-Fei Yuan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zi-Wei Dai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dong-Qing Ye
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Perry ID, Krishnan L, Murphy SP. SLC11A1 is expressed in the human placenta across multiple gestational ages. Placenta 2018; 75:23-26. [PMID: 30712662 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The human placenta functions as an innate immune barrier to prevent fetal infection. However, the molecular mechanisms accounting for placental resistance to pathogens are currently poorly understood. The solute carrier family 11 member 1 (SLC11A1) is a divalent cation transporter expressed primarily by macrophages and neutrophils that is essential for controlling infections by intracellular pathogens such as Salmonella, Leishmania and Mycobacteria. This report demonstrates that SLC11A1 is expressed in the syncytiotrophoblast of the human placenta at multiple gestational ages. These results suggest that SLC11A1 may play a role in blocking productive placental infections by certain intracellular pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian D Perry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Lakshmi Krishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Human Health Therapeutics, Division of Life Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shawn P Murphy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
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11
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Xu YZ, Thuraisingam T, Kanagaratham C, Tao S, Radzioch D. c-Src kinase is involved in the tyrosine phosphorylation and activity of SLC11A1 in differentiating macrophages. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196230. [PMID: 29723216 PMCID: PMC5933793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that the solute carrier family 11 member 1 (SLC11A1) is heavily glycosylated and phosphorylated in macrophages. However, the mechanisms of SLC11A1 phosphorylation, and the effects of phosphorylation on SLC11A1 activity remain largely unknown. Here, the tyrosine phosphorylation of SLC11A1 is observed in SLC11A1-expressing U937 cells when differentiated into macrophages by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). The phosphorylation of SLC11A1 is almost completely blocked by treatment with PP2, a selective inhibitor of Src family kinases. Furthermore, we found that SLC11A1 is a direct substrate for active c-Src kinase and siRNA-mediated knockdown of cellular Src (c-Src) expression results in a significant decrease in tyrosine phosphorylation. We found that PMA induces the interaction of SLC11A1 with c-Src kinase. We demonstrated that SLC11A1 is phosphorylated by Src family kinases at tyrosine 15 and this type of phosphorylation is required for SLC11A1-mediated modulation of NF-κB activation and nitric oxide (NO) production induced by LPS. Our results demonstrate important roles for c-Src tyrosine kinase in phosphorylation and activation of SLC11A1 in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhong Xu
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thusanth Thuraisingam
- Division of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cynthia Kanagaratham
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shao Tao
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Danuta Radzioch
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- * E-mail:
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12
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Abstract
Granules are essential for the ability of neutrophils to fulfill their role in innate immunity. Granule membranes contain proteins that react to environmental cues directing neutrophils to sites of infection and initiate generation of bactericidal oxygen species. Granules are densely packed with proteins that contribute to microbial killing when liberated to the phagosome or extracellularly. Granules are, however, highly heterogeneous and are traditionally subdivided into azurophil granules, specific granules, and gelatinase granules in addition to secretory vesicles. This review will address issues pertinent to formation of granules, which is a process intimately connected to maturation of neutrophils from their precursors in the bone marrow. We further discuss possible mechanisms by which decisions are made regarding sorting of proteins to constitutive secretion or storage in granules and how degranulation of granule subsets is regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack B Cowland
- The Granulocyte Research Laboratory, Department of Hematology, National University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Borregaard
- The Granulocyte Research Laboratory, Department of Hematology, National University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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Developmental Control of NRAMP1 (SLC11A1) Expression in Professional Phagocytes. BIOLOGY 2017; 6:biology6020028. [PMID: 28467369 PMCID: PMC5485475 DOI: 10.3390/biology6020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
NRAMP1 (SLC11A1) is a professional phagocyte membrane importer of divalent metals that contributes to iron recycling at homeostasis and to nutritional immunity against infection. Analyses of data generated by several consortia and additional studies were integrated to hypothesize mechanisms restricting NRAMP1 expression to mature phagocytes. Results from various epigenetic and transcriptomic approaches were collected for mesodermal and hematopoietic cell types and compiled for combined analysis with results of genetic studies associating single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with variations in NRAMP1 expression (eQTLs). Analyses establish that NRAMP1 is part of an autonomous topologically associated domain delimited by ubiquitous CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) sites. NRAMP1 locus contains five regulatory regions: a predicted super-enhancer (S-E) key to phagocyte-specific expression; the proximal promoter; two intronic areas, including 3' inhibitory elements that restrict expression during development; and a block of upstream sites possibly extending the S-E domain. Also the downstream region adjacent to the 3' CTCF locus boundary may regulate expression during hematopoiesis. Mobilization of the locus 14 predicted transcriptional regulatory elements occurs in three steps, beginning with hematopoiesis; at the onset of myelopoiesis and through myelo-monocytic differentiation. Basal expression level in mature phagocytes is further influenced by genetic variation, tissue environment, and in response to infections that induce various epigenetic memories depending on microorganism nature. Constitutively associated transcription factors (TFs) include CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBPb), purine rich DNA binding protein (PU.1), early growth response 2 (EGR2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) while hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) may stimulate iron acquisition in pro-inflammatory conditions. Mouse orthologous locus is generally conserved; chromatin patterns typify a de novo myelo-monocytic gene whose expression is tightly controlled by TFs Pu.1, C/ebps and Irf8; Irf3 and nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p 65 subunit (RelA) regulate expression in inflammatory conditions. Functional differences in the determinants identified at these orthologous loci imply that species-specific mechanisms control gene expression.
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14
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Qi H, Tang W, Bai L, Gao L. Structure and positioning of three transmembrane segments from Slc11a1 in SDS micelles. Chem Res Chin Univ 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-017-6288-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Hennigar SR, McClung JP. Homeostatic regulation of trace mineral transport by ubiquitination of membrane transporters. Nutr Rev 2015; 74:59-67. [PMID: 26611242 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuv060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modification is a critical mechanism by which trace mineral transporters rapidly adapt to their environment to homeostatically regulate ion transport. Recently, a novel pathway was described whereby iron stimulates the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of the trace mineral transporter ZIP14. Discovery of this pathway suggests the proteasome as a potential therapeutic target for regulation of iron storage. Moreover, these findings contribute to a theoretical framework that can be applied to other ubiquitinated trace mineral transporters. This review will detail the current state of knowledge regarding the ubiquitination of trace mineral transporters, focusing on iron and zinc transporters, and the potential utility of post-translational modification of trace mineral transporters in the treatment of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Hennigar
- S.R. Hennigar and J.P. McClung are with the Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James P McClung
- S.R. Hennigar and J.P. McClung are with the Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, USA.
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16
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Meijer M, Rijkers GT, van Overveld FJ. Neutrophils and emerging targets for treatment in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 9:1055-68. [PMID: 24168412 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2013.851347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by a decreased airflow due to airway narrowing that, once it occurs, is not fully reversible. The disease usually is progressive and associated with an enhanced inflammatory response in the lungs after exposure to noxious particles or gases. After removal of the noxious particles, the inflammation can continue in a self-sustaining manner. It has been established that improper activation of neutrophils lies at the core of the pathology. This paper provides an overview of the mechanisms by which neutrophils can induce the pulmonary damage of COPD. As the pathogenesis of COPD is slowly being unraveled, new points of intervention are discovered, some of which with promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariska Meijer
- Department of Science, University College Roosevelt, Lange Noordstraat 1, 4113 CB Middelburg, The Netherlands
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17
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Fava V, Orlova M, Cobat A, Alcaïs A, Mira M, Schurr E. Genetics of leprosy reactions: an overview. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2013; 107 Suppl 1:132-42. [PMID: 23283464 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762012000900020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-1 (T1R) and Type-2 (T2R) leprosy reactions (LR), which affect up to 50% of leprosy patients, are aggressive inflammatory episodes of sudden onset and highly variable incidence across populations. LR are often diagnosed concurrently with leprosy, but more frequently occur several months after treatment onset. It is not uncommon for leprosy patients to develop recurring reactional episodes; however, they rarely undergo both types of LR. Today, LR are the main cause of permanent disabilities associated with leprosy and represent a major challenge in the clinical management of leprosy patients. Although progress has been made in understanding the immunopathology of LR, the factors that cause a leprosy patient to suffer from LR are largely unknown. Given the impact that ethnic background has on the risk of developing LR, host genetic factors have long been suspected of contributing to LR. Indeed, polymorphisms in seven genes [Toll-like receptors (TLR)1, TLR2, nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain containing 2, vitamin D receptor, natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1, C4B and interleukin-6] have been found to be associated with one or more LR outcomes. The identification of host genetic markers with predictive value for LR would have a major impact on nerve damage control in leprosy. In this review, we present the recent advances achieved through genetic studies of LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Fava
- McGill Centre for the Study of Host Resistance, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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18
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Troxell B, Hassan HM. Transcriptional regulation by Ferric Uptake Regulator (Fur) in pathogenic bacteria. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2013; 3:59. [PMID: 24106689 PMCID: PMC3788343 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2013.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the ancient anaerobic environment, ferrous iron (Fe2+) was one of the first metal cofactors. Oxygenation of the ancient world challenged bacteria to acquire the insoluble ferric iron (Fe3+) and later to defend against reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by the Fenton chemistry. To acquire Fe3+, bacteria produce low-molecular weight compounds, known as siderophores, which have extremely high affinity for Fe3+. However, during infection the host restricts iron from pathogens by producing iron- and siderophore-chelating proteins, by exporting iron from intracellular pathogen-containing compartments, and by limiting absorption of dietary iron. Ferric Uptake Regulator (Fur) is a transcription factor which utilizes Fe2+ as a corepressor and represses siderophore synthesis in pathogens. Fur, directly or indirectly, controls expression of enzymes that protect against ROS damage. Thus, the challenges of iron homeostasis and defense against ROS are addressed via Fur. Although the role of Fur as a repressor is well-documented, emerging evidence demonstrates that Fur can function as an activator. Fur activation can occur through three distinct mechanisms (1) indirectly via small RNAs, (2) binding at cis regulatory elements that enhance recruitment of the RNA polymerase holoenzyme (RNAP), and (3) functioning as an antirepressor by removing or blocking DNA binding of a repressor of transcription. In addition, Fur homologs control defense against peroxide stress (PerR) and control uptake of other metals such as zinc (Zur) and manganese (Mur) in pathogenic bacteria. Fur family members are important for virulence within bacterial pathogens since mutants of fur, perR, or zur exhibit reduced virulence within numerous animal and plant models of infection. This review focuses on the breadth of Fur regulation in pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Troxell
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA
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19
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Abstract
Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (Nramp1) plays an important role in restraining the growth of intracellular pathogens within macrophages. In this study, Nramp1 cDNA was cloned from Qinchuan cattle and its anti-bacterial activity was demonstrated as being able to significantly inhibit the growth of Salmonella abortusovis and Brucella abortus in macrophages. Calf fibroblasts stably transfected with pSP-NRAMP1-HA vector were used to reconstruct bovine embryos by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Reconstructed embryos were maturated in vitro and the blastocyst formation rate (14.0%) was similar to that of control embryos (14.5%). Transgenic blastocysts were transplanted into 43 recipient cattle, of which 14 recipients became pregnant as evidenced by non-return estrus and by rectal palpation. One fetus was aborted after 6½ months of pregnancy and transgene integration was confirmed by semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Together, this study showed that bovine Nramp1 retains biological function against the growth of intracellular bacteria and can be used to reconstruct embryos and produce Nramp1 transgenic cattle, which may benefit the animal and enhance their ability to prevent attack by intracellular pathogens.
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20
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Upregulation of the host SLC11A1 gene by Clostridium difficile toxin B facilitates glucosylation of Rho GTPases and enhances toxin lethality. Infect Immun 2013; 81:2724-32. [PMID: 23690404 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01177-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomembranous enterocolitis associated with Clostridium difficile infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients being treated with antibiotics. Two closely related large protein toxins produced by C. difficile, TcdA and TcdB, which act identically but at different efficiencies to glucosylate low-molecular-weight Rho GTPases, underlie the microbe's pathogenicity. Using antisense RNA encoded by a library of human expressed sequence tags (ESTs), we randomly inactivated host chromosomal genes in HeLa cells and isolated clones that survived exposure to ordinarily lethal doses of TcdB. This phenotypic screening and subsequent analysis identified solute carrier family 11 member 1 (SLC11A1; formerly NRAMP1), a divalent cation transporter crucial to host defense against certain microbes, as an enhancer of TcdB lethality. Whereas SLC11A1 normally is poorly expressed in human cells of nonmyeloid lineage, TcdB increased SLC11A1 mRNA abundance in such cells through the actions of the RNA-binding protein HuR. We show that short hairpin RNA (shRNA) directed against SLC11A1 reduced TcdB glucosylation of small Rho GTPases and, consequently, toxin lethality. Consistent with the previously known role of SLC11A1 in cation transport, these effects were enhanced by elevation of Mn(2+) in media; conversely, they were decreased by treatment with a chelator of divalent cations. Our findings reveal an unsuspected role for SLC11A1 in determining C. difficile pathogenicity, demonstrate the novel ability of a bacterial toxin to increase its cytotoxicity, establish a mechanistic basis for these effects, and suggest a therapeutic approach to mitigate cell killing by C. difficile toxins A and B.
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21
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Taka S, Liandris E, Gazouli M, Sotirakoglou K, Theodoropoulos G, Bountouri M, Andreadou M, Ikonomopoulos J. In vitro expression of the SLC11A1 gene in goat monocyte-derived macrophages challenged with Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2013; 17:8-15. [PMID: 23567820 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Johne's disease or paratuberculosis is a chronic, progressive intestinal disease of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). One of the genes that have been targeted with regard to resistance or sensitivity to paratuberculosis is the SLC11A1 (solute carrier family 11 member A1). Here we extend our previous work to the sequence and structure analysis of the caprine SLC11A1 gene and we assess the functional impact of the most frequent polymorphisms of the 3' UTR region of the SLC11A1 gene to its expression in goat macrophages exposed in vitro to MAP. The role of these polymorphisms in primary immune response is also investigated with connection to gene expression of two interleukins (IL), one of which pro (IL-1a), and the other anti-inflammatory (IL-10). In order to assess gene response, quantitative detection of the SLC11A1, IL-10 and IL1a mRNA was performed by real time PCR before, and at 1, 3 and 24h after exposure of primary cultures of peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages to MAP, collected from 54 goats of the Greek native goat breed. Sequence analysis of the 3' UTR end of the caprine SLC11A1 gene determined its full length to be 522 bases. Structure analysis confirmed the presence of two microsatellites consisted of a variable number of guanine-thymine repeats (regions A and B). The homozygous B7 genotype [B(GTn)7/7] was associated at a statistically significant level with increased expression of the SLC11A1 and IL-1α genes indicating increased in vitro responsiveness and therefore resistance of mononuclear derived macrophages to MAP infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Taka
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos St, 11855 Athens, Greece.
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22
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Hedges JF, Kimmel E, Snyder DT, Jerome M, Jutila MA. Solute carrier 11A1 is expressed by innate lymphocytes and augments their activation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:4263-73. [PMID: 23509347 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Solute carrier 11A1 (SLC11A1) is a divalent ion transporter formerly known as the natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (NRAMP1) and the Bcg/Lsh/Ity locus. SLC11A1 was thought to be exclusively expressed in monocyte/macrophages and to have roles in phagosome maturation and cell activation. We characterized the expression of SLC11A1 in the majority of human and bovine γδ T cells and NK cells and in human CD3(+)CD45RO(+) T cells. Consistent with a role for iron-dependent inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases, SLC11A1(+) lymphocytes were more prone to activation and retained tyrosine phosphorylation. Transfection of SLC11A1 into a human γδ T cell-like line rendered the cells more prone to activation. Nonadherent splenocytes from wild-type mice expressed significantly greater IFN-γ compared with cells from Sv/129 (SLC11A1(-/-)) mice. Our data suggest that SLC11A1 has a heretofore unknown role in activation of a large subset of innate lymphocytes that are critical sources of IFN-γ. SLC11A1(+) animals have enhanced innate IFN-γ expression in response to Salmonella infection compared with SLC11A1(-) mice, which include commonly used inbred laboratory mice. Expression of SLC11A1 in innate lymphocytes and its role in augmenting their activation may account for inconsistencies in studies of innate lymphocytes in different animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi F Hedges
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA.
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23
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He XM, Fang MX, Zhang ZT, Hu YS, Jia XZ, He DL, Liang SD, Nie QH, Zhang XQ. Characterization of chicken natural resistance-associated macrophage protein encoding genes (Nramp1 and Nramp2) and association with salmonellosis resistance. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2013; 12:618-30. [PMID: 23408449 DOI: 10.4238/2013.january.30.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 and 2 encoding genes (Nramp1 and Nramp2) are related to many diseases. We cloned the cDNA of chicken Nramp1 and Nramp2 genes, characterized their expression and polymorphisms, and investigated the association of some SNPs with resistance to salmonellosis. The Nramp1 cDNA was 1746 bp long and the Nramp2 cDNA was 1938 bp long. These cDNAs are similar to previously reported cDNAs, varying by two and one amino acids, respectively. The chicken Nramp1 gene expressed predominantly in liver, thymus and spleen in both females and males. The Nramp2 gene expressed in almost all tissues, but predominantly in breast muscle, leg muscle, cerebrum, cerebellum, lung, kidney, and heart in both females and males. We identified 45 SNPs and 2 indels in the chicken Nramp1 gene; three of 13 SNPs in the exons were missense mutations (Arg223Gln, Ala273Glu and Arg497Gln). Association analysis indicated that A24101991G is significantly associated with chicken salmonellosis resistance. These results will be useful for functional investigation of chicken Nramp1 and Nramp2 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- X M He
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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24
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Cellier MFM. Cell-Type Specific Determinants of NRAMP1 Expression in Professional Phagocytes. BIOLOGY 2013; 2:233-83. [PMID: 24832660 PMCID: PMC4009858 DOI: 10.3390/biology2010233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (Nramp1 or Solute carrier 11 member 1, Slc11a1) transports divalent metals across the membrane of late endosomes and lysosomes in professional phagocytes. Nramp1 represents an ancient eukaryotic cell-autonomous defense whereas the gene duplication that yielded Nramp1 and Nramp2 predated the origin of Sarcopterygians (lobe-finned fishes and tetrapods). SLC11A1 genetic polymorphisms associated with human resistance to tuberculosis consist of potential regulatory variants. Herein, current knowledge of the regulation of SLC11A1 gene expression is reviewed and comprehensive analysis of ENCODE data available for hematopoietic cell-types suggests a hypothesis for the regulation of SLC11A1 expression during myeloid development and phagocyte functional polarization. SLC11A1 is part of a 34.6 kb CTCF-insulated locus scattered with predicted regulatory elements: a 3' enhancer, a large 5' enhancer domain and four elements spread around the transcription start site (TSS), including several C/EBP and PU.1 sites. SLC11A1 locus ends appear mobilized by ETS-related factors early during myelopoiesis; activation of both 5' and 3' enhancers in myelo-monocytic cells correlate with transcription factor binding at the TSS. Characterizing the corresponding cis/trans determinants functionally will establish the mechanisms involved and possibly reveal genetic variation that impacts susceptibility to infectious or immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu F M Cellier
- Inrs-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531, Bd des prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada.
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Taka S, Gazouli M, Politis PK, Pappa KI, Anagnou NP. Transcription factor ATF-3 regulates allele variation phenotypes of the human SLC11A1 gene. Mol Biol Rep 2012. [PMID: 23187734 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2289-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms in the human solute carrier family 11 member 1 (SLC11A1) gene predispose to susceptibility to infectious/inflammatory diseases and cancer. Human susceptibility to these diseases exhibits allelic association with a polymorphic regulatory Z-DNA-forming microsatellite of a (GT/AC)n repeat. The carriage of different alleles may influence chromatin remodeling and accessibility by transcription factors. Of particular importance is the binding site for the Activating Protein 1 (AP-1) elements, (ATF-3 and c-Jun), adjacent to the 5' sequence of the Z-DNA-forming polymorphism. The aim of the study was to characterize the transcriptional mechanisms controlling different alleles of SLC11A1 expression by ATF-3 and c-Jun. Allele 2, [T(GT)5AC(GT)5AC(GT)10GGCAGA(G)6], and Allele 3, [T(GT)5AC(GT)5AC(GT)9GGCAGA(G)6], were subcloned into the PGL2Basic vector. Transient transfections of THP-1 cells with the constructs, in the presence or absence of pATF-3 were preformed. Luciferase expression was determined. To document the recruitment of ATF-3 and c-Jun, to the polymorphic promoter alleles in vivo, we performed ChIP assays with transient transfected THP-1 cells treated with or without lipopolyssacharides. Our data documented that ATF-3 suppresses the transcriptional activation of Allele-3, and this suppression is enhanced in the presence of lipopolyssacharides. Our findings suggest that ATF-3 and c-Jun may influence heritable variation in SLC11A1-dependent innate resistance to infection and inflammation both within and between populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Styliani Taka
- Laboratory of Biology, University of Athens School of Medicine, 176 Michalakopoulou Street, 115 27, Athens, Greece
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Fritsche G, Nairz M, Libby SJ, Fang FC, Weiss G. Slc11a1 (Nramp1) impairs growth of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in macrophages via stimulation of lipocalin-2 expression. J Leukoc Biol 2012; 92:353-9. [PMID: 22706314 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1111554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of the cation transporter Nramp1 (Slc11a1) in late phagolysosomes confers resistance to infection with several intracellular pathogens, such as Salmonella enterica, in mice. The antimicrobial actions of Nramp1 are attributable, in part, to modulation of macrophage immune function and cellular iron metabolism--the latter affecting the availability of the essential nutrient iron for intraphagosomal bacteria. Here, we provide novel evidence that Nramp1 functionality increases the expression of the peptide Lcn2, which exerts its antimicrobial activity by scavenging iron-loaded bacterial siderophores and mediating iron efflux from macrophages. With the use of macrophage cell lines expressing functional or nonfunctional Nramp1, we found significantly elevated Lcn2 mRNA and protein levels in Nramp1-expressing cells. These resulted from Nramp1-mediated alterations in the production of ROS, which stimulated NF-κ B activity and subsequently, Lcn2 transcription. We observed that increased Lcn2 levels in primary Nramp1-positive macrophages resulted in a significant suppression of S. enterica serovar typhimurium growth. Stimulation of Lcn2 expression is a novel mechanism by which Nramp1 confers resistance against infection with the intracellular bacterium S. typhimurium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot Fritsche
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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Moriguchi R, Otaki Y, Hazeki S, Shimada T, Matsumoto A, Kakita N, Kaibe S, Kuragano T, Nonoguchi H, Masayoshi N, Hasuike Y, Nakanishi T. High levels of tumor necrosis factor-α downregulate antimicrobial iron transport protein, Nramp1, in chronic hemodialysis patients: a key factor for infection risk. Am J Nephrol 2012; 35:372-8. [PMID: 22508410 DOI: 10.1159/000337742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The susceptibility of patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) to infections is a major cause of mortality and morbidity. Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (Nramp1) regulates intracellular pathogen proliferation, and its mRNA expression is highest in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs). The purpose of this study was to determine the level of Nramp1 in PMNLs from MHD patients and the factors affecting its expression. METHODS Twenty MHD patients and 24 healthy volunteers (controls) were recruited. Relative quantitative PCR was used to measure Nramp1 mRNA, and protein levels were semiquantified by means of real-time PCR and Western blot analysis or immunohistochemistry. The effect of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-6 (IL-6) on Nramp1 expression in PMNLs from controls was also examined. RESULTS Nramp1 mRNA and protein levels were substantially lower in PMNLs from MHD than control subjects. Serum TNF-α levels were significantly higher in the MHD group and were inversely correlated with Nramp1 mRNA levels. The addition of TNF-α to PMNLs from control subjects decreased mRNA and protein levels of Nramp1. IL-6 did not alter Nramp1 mRNA or protein expression. CONCLUSION We found that Nramp1 was downregulated in the PMNLs of MHD patients, which constitute the first defense barrier against bacterial challenges. High levels of TNF-α may be associated with the downregulation of Nramp1. Our findings indicate that the susceptibility to infection observed in MHD patients could be partly due to the impairment of the intracellular handling of iron and the donation of more iron to the bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rintarou Moriguchi
- Division of Kidney and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
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Cheng X, Wang H. Multiple targeting motifs direct NRAMP1 into lysosomes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 419:578-83. [PMID: 22382021 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1) containing 548 amino acids (AA) and 12 transmembrane domains (TMDs) is localized in membranes of lysosomes. Our study aimed to investigate the targeting motifs of NRAMP1 by expressing GFP-tagged full-length and truncated NRAMP1 proteins and overlapping with the lysosomal marker Lamp1-RFP in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The NH(2)-terminal amino acids 73-140 region including TMD2 was essential for NRAMP1 lysosomal targeting. The AA.263-334 region containing the tyrosine-based motif (327)YAPI(330) targeted NRAMP1 into lysosomes. Additionally, two internal signal peptides AA.451-483 and AA.489-522 were identified as lysosomal targeting motifs. Taken together, NRAMP1 consists of multiple targeting motifs for trafficking into lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Cheng
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Shawki A, Knight PB, Maliken BD, Niespodzany EJ, Mackenzie B. H(+)-coupled divalent metal-ion transporter-1: functional properties, physiological roles and therapeutics. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2012. [PMID: 23177986 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394316-3.00005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Divalent metal-ion transporter-1 (DMT1) is a widely expressed, iron-preferring membrane transport protein. Animal models establish that DMT1 plays indispensable roles in intestinal nonheme-iron absorption and iron acquisition by erythroid precursor cells. Rare mutations in human DMT1 result in severe microcytic-hypochromic anemia. When we express DMT1 in RNA-injected Xenopus oocytes, we observe rheogenic Fe(2+) transport that is driven by the proton electrochemical potential gradient. In that same preparation, DMT1 also transports cadmium and manganese but not copper. Whether manganese metabolism relies upon DMT1 remains unclear but DMT1 contributes to the effects of overexposure to cadmium and manganese in some tissues. There exist at least four DMT1 isoforms that arise from variant transcription of the SLC11A2 gene. Whereas these isoforms display identical functional properties, N- and C-terminal variations contain cues that direct the cell-specific targeting of DMT1 isoforms to discrete subcellular compartments (plasma membrane, endosomes, and lysosomes). An iron-responsive element (IRE) in the mRNA 3'-untranslated region permits the regulation of some isoforms by iron status, and additional mechanisms by which DMT1 is regulated are emerging. Natural-resistance-associated macrophage protein-1 (NRAMP1)-the only other member of the mammalian SLC11 gene family-contributes to antimicrobial function by extruding from the phagolysosome divalent metal ions (e.g. Mn(2+)) that may be essential cofactors for bacteria-derived enzymes or required for bacterial growth. The principal or only intestinal nonheme-iron transporter, DMT1 is a validated therapeutic target in hereditary hemochromatosis (HHC) and other iron-overload disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shawki
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Akçakaya P, Azeroglu B, Even I, Ates O, Turker H, Ongen G, Topal-Sarikaya A. The functional SLC11A1 gene polymorphisms are associated with sarcoidosis in Turkish population. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:5009-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1297-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rodrigues PN, Gomes SS, Neves JV, Gomes-Pereira S, Correia-Neves M, Nunes-Alves C, Stolte J, Sanchez M, Appelberg R, Muckenthaler MU, Gomes MS. Mycobacteria-induced anaemia revisited: A molecular approach reveals the involvement of NRAMP1 and lipocalin-2, but not of hepcidin. Immunobiology 2011; 216:1127-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Redmond SB, Chuammitri P, Andreasen CB, Palić D, Lamont SJ. Genetic control of chicken heterophil function in advanced intercross lines: associations with novel and with known Salmonella resistance loci and a likely mechanism for cell death in extracellular trap production. Immunogenetics 2011; 63:449-58. [PMID: 21455609 PMCID: PMC3111730 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-011-0523-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Heterophils, the avian polymorphonuclear leukocyte and the counterpart of mammalian neutrophils, generate the primary innate response to pathogens in chickens. Heterophil performance against pathogens is associated with host disease resistance, and heterophil gene expression and function are under genetic control. To characterize the genomic basis of heterophil function, heterophils from F13 advanced intercross chicken lines (broiler × Leghorn and broiler × Fayoumi) were assayed for phagocytosis and killing of Salmonella enteritidis, oxidative burst, and extracellular trap production. A whole-genome association analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms at 57,636 loci identified genomic locations controlling these functional phenotypes. Genomic analysis revealed a significant association of extracellular trap production with the SAL1 locus and the SLC11A1 gene, which have both been previously associated with resistance to S. enteritidis. Fine mapping supports SIVA1 as a candidate gene controlling SAL1-mediated resistance and indicates that the proposed cell-death mechanism associated with extracellular trap production, ETosis, likely functions through the CD27/Siva-1-mediated apoptotic pathway. The SLC11A1 gene was also associated with phagocytosis of S. enteritidis, suggesting that the Slc11a1 protein may play an additional role in immune response beyond depleting metal ions to inhibit intracellular bacterial growth. A region of chromosome 6 with no characterized genes was also associated with extracellular trap production. Further characterization of these novel genes in chickens and other species is needed to understand their role in polymorphonuclear leukocyte function and host resistance to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B Redmond
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Stewart LC, Day AS, Pearson J, Barclay ML, Gearry RB, Roberts RL, Bentley RW. SLC11A1 polymorphisms in inflammatory bowel disease and Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis status. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:5727-31. [PMID: 21128323 PMCID: PMC2997989 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i45.5727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To test for association of SLC11A1 with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) status in a Caucasian cohort.
METHODS: Five hundred and seven Crohn’s disease (CD) patients, 474 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, and 569 healthy controls were genotyped for SLC11A1 1730G>A and SLC11A1 469+14G>C using pre-designed TaqMan® SNP assays. χ2 tests were applied to test for association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with disease, and the presence of MAP DNA.
RESULTS: SLC11A1 1730G>A and SLC11A 1469+14G>C were not associated with CD, UC, or IBD. The SLC11A1 1730A minor allele was over-represented in patients who did not require immunomodulator therapy (P = 0.002, OR: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.13-0.66). The frequency of the SLC11A1 469+14C allele was higher in the subset of study participants who tested positive for MAP DNA (P = 0.02, OR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.06-2.29). No association of SLC11A1 1730G>A with MAP was observed.
CONCLUSION: Although SLC11A1 was not associated with IBD, association with MAP suggests that SLC11A1 is important in determining susceptibility to bacteria implicated in the etiology of CD.
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Quantitative PCR-based competitive index for high-throughput screening of Salmonella virulence factors. Infect Immun 2010; 79:360-8. [PMID: 21041489 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00873-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is an intracellular pathogen and a main cause of food-borne illness. In this study, a quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based competitive index (CI) method was developed to simultaneously compare the growth of multiple Salmonella strains. This method was applied to a mixture of 17 Salmonella mutants lacking regulator genes, and their survival ratios were compared based on expression of natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (Nramp1). Nramp1, as a major host innate immune component, controls the intracellular replication of pathogens. Deletion strains containing unique DNA barcodes in place of regulator genes were mixed with the parental control, and the bacteria were inoculated into congenic mice differing only at Nramp1. Most of the deletion strains were outcompeted by wild-type bacteria in either mouse strain, and the lack of Nramp1 didn't increase the tested strain/parent control replication ratios. When the same collection of mutants was tested in congenic mouse-derived primary macrophages, a major Nramp1-expressing cell type, six strains (ΔhimD, ΔphoP/phoQ, ΔrpoE, ΔrpoS, ΔompR/envZ, and Δhfq strains) grew better in Nramp1(-/-) than in Nramp1(+/+) macrophages, suggesting that these six regulators may play roles in overcoming Nramp1-mediated bactericidal activity in primary macrophages. The discrepancy in survival of macrophages and that of mice suggests either that there are differences in macrophage populations or that other cell types expressing Nramp1 control Salmonella proliferation in the host. The method described allows competitive infection analysis to be carried out on complex mixtures of bacteria and provides high reproducibility from independent biological replicates.
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Gomez MA, Alisaraie L, Shio MT, Berghuis AM, Lebrun C, Gautier-Luneau I, Olivier M. Protein tyrosine phosphatases are regulated by mononuclear iron dicitrate. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:24620-8. [PMID: 20519508 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.107037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of macrophages (Mvarphis) as host, accessory, and effector cells in the development of infectious diseases, together with their central role in iron homeostasis, place these immune cells as key players in the interface between iron and infection. Having previously shown that the functional expression of NRAMP-1 results in increased protein phosphorylation mediated in part by an iron-dependent inhibition of Mvarphi protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) activity, we sought to study the mechanism(s) underlying this specific event. Herein we have identified the mononuclear dicitrate iron complex [Fe(cit)(2)H(4-x)]((1+x)-) as the species responsible for the specific inhibition of Mvarphi PTP activity. By using biochemical and computational approaches, we show that [Fe(cit)(2)](5-) targets the catalytic pocket of the PTP SHP-1, competitively inhibiting its interaction with an incoming phosphosubstrate. In vitro and in vivo inhibition of PTP activity by iron-citrate results in protein hyperphosphorylation and enhanced MAPK signaling in response to LPS stimulation. We propose that iron-citrate-mediated PTP inhibition represents a novel and biologically relevant regulatory mechanism of signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Adelaida Gomez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2B4, Canada
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Valdez Y, Ferreira RBR, Finlay BB. Molecular mechanisms of Salmonella virulence and host resistance. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2010; 337:93-127. [PMID: 19812981 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-01846-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella species can cause typhoid fever and gastroenteritis in humans and pose a global threat to human health. In order to establish a successful infection, Salmonella utilize a large number of genes encoding a variety of virulence factors. Different animal models of infection have been used to better understand the mechanisms underlying each disease including cattle, rodents, and nematodes. To date, a number of different bacterial virulence factors have been identified using such animal models, most of which are secreted by two type three secretion systems (T3SS) encoded within Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPI) 1 and 2. These proteins alter various host cell pathways, facilitating the invasion of epithelial cells during infection, as well as the survival and replication of Salmonella inside phagocytic cells. On the other hand, host genetics and resistance also play a role in the susceptibility to Salmonella infection. The natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (Nramp1), for example, is critical for host defense, since mice lacking Nramp1 fail to control bacterial replication and succumb to low doses of S. Typhimurium. In this chapter, we analyze the different pathogen and host factors that play a role in the dynamic interaction between Salmonella and its host and their impact on disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanet Valdez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Castellucci L, Jamieson SE, Miller EN, Menezes E, Oliveira J, Magalhães A, Guimarães LH, Lessa M, de Jesus AR, Carvalho EM, Blackwell JM. CXCR1 and SLC11A1 polymorphisms affect susceptibility to cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil: a case-control and family-based study. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2010; 11:10. [PMID: 20089160 PMCID: PMC2823618 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-11-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background L. braziliensis causes cutaneous (CL) and mucosal (ML) leishmaniasis. Wound healing neutrophil (PMN) and macrophage responses made following the bite of the vector sand fly contribute to disease progression in mice. To look at the interplay between PMN and macrophages in disease progression in humans we asked whether polymorphisms at genes that regulate their infiltration or function are associated with different clinical phenotypes. Specifically, CXCR1 (IL8RA) and CXCR2 (IL8RB) are receptors for chemokines that attract PMN to inflammatory sites. They lie 30-260 kb upstream of SLC11A1, a gene known primarily for its role in regulating macrophage activation, resistance to leishmaniasis, and wound healing responses in mice, but also known to be expressed in PMN, macrophages and dendritic cells. Methods Polymorphic variants at CXCR1, CXCR2 and SLC11A1 were analysed using Taqman or ABI fragment separation technologies in cases (60 CL; 60 ML), unrelated controls (n = 120), and multicase families (104 nuclear families; 88 ML, 250 CL cases) from Brazil. Logistic regression analysis, family-based association testing (FBAT) and haplotype analysis (TRANSMIT) were performed. Results Case-control analysis showed association between the common C allele (OR 2.38; 95% CI 1.23-4.57; P = 0.009) of CXCR1_rs2854386 and CL, supported by family-based (FBAT; Z score 2.002; P = 0.045) analysis (104 nuclear families; 88 ML, 250 CL cases). ML associated with the rarer G allele (Z score 1.999; P = 0.046). CL associated with a 3' insertion/deletion polymorphism at SLC11A1 (Z score 2.549; P = 0.011). Conclusions The study supports roles for CXCR1 and SLC11A1 in the outcome of L. braziliensis infection in humans. Slc11a1 does not influence cutaneous lesion development following needle injection of Leishmania in mice, suggesting that its role here might relate to the action of PMN, macrophage and/or dendritic cells in the wound healing response to the sand fly bite. Together with the CXCR1 association, the data are consistent with hypotheses relating to the possible role of PMN in initiation of a lesion following the delivery of parasites via the sand fly bite. Association of ML with the rare derived G allele suggests that PMN also have an important positive role to play in preventing this form of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Castellucci
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
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Czachorowski M, Lam-Yuk-Tseung S, Cellier M, Gros P. Transmembrane topology of the mammalian Slc11a2 iron transporter. Biochemistry 2009; 48:8422-34. [PMID: 19621945 PMCID: PMC2736113 DOI: 10.1021/bi900606y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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The mammalian Slc11a1 and Slc11a2 proteins define a large family of secondary metal transporters. Slc11a1 and Slc11a2 function as pH-dependent divalent cation transporters that play a critical role in host defenses against infections and in Fe2+ homeostasis, respectively. The position and polarity of individual transmembrane domains (TMD) of Slc11a2 were studied by an epitope tagging method based on the insertion of small antigenic hemagglutinin A (HA) peptides (YPYDVPDYAS) in predicted intra- or extracellular loops of the protein. The tagged proteins were expressed in transfected LLC-PK1 kidney cells and tested for transport activity, and the polarity of inserted tags with respect to the plasma membrane was determined by immunofluorescence in intact and permeabilized cells. HA epitope tags were inserted at positions 1, 98, 131, 175, 201, 243, 284, 344, 403, 432, 468, 504, and 561. Insertions at positions 98, 131, 175, 403, and 432 abrogated metal transport by Slc11a2, while insertions at positions 1, 201, 243, 284, 344, 468, 504, and 561 resulted in functional proteins. Topology mapping in functional HA-tagged Slc11a2 proteins indicated that the N-terminus (1), as well as loops delineated by TMD4−5 (201), TMD6−7 (284), and TMD10−11 (468), and C-terminus (561) are intracellular, while loops separating TMD5−6 (243), TMD7−8 (344), and TMD11−12 (504) are extracellular. These results are compatible with a topology of 12 transmembrane domains, with intracellular amino and carboxy termini. Structural models constructed by homology threading support this 12TMD topology and show 2-fold structural symmetry in the arrangement of membrane helices for TM1−5 and TM6−10 (conserved Slc11 hydrophobic core).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Czachorowski
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G-0B1
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Nairz M, Fritsche G, Crouch MLV, Barton HC, Fang FC, Weiss G. Slc11a1 limits intracellular growth of Salmonella enterica sv. Typhimurium by promoting macrophage immune effector functions and impairing bacterial iron acquisition. Cell Microbiol 2009; 11:1365-81. [PMID: 19500110 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2009.01337.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1, Slc11a1, is a phagolysosomal transporter for protons and divalent ions including iron that confers host protection against diverse intracellular pathogens including Salmonella. We investigated and compared the regulation of iron homeostasis and immune function in RAW264.7 murine phagocytes stably transfected with non-functional Slc11a1 and functional Slc11a1 controls in response to an infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. We report that macrophages lacking functional Slc11a1 displayed an increased expression of transferrin receptor 1, resulting in enhanced acquisition of transferrin-bound iron. In contrast, cellular iron release mediated via ferroportin 1 was significantly lower in Salmonella-infected Slc11a1-negative macrophages in comparison with phagocytes bearing Slc11a1. Lack of Slc11a1 led to intracellular persistence of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium within macrophages, which was paralleled by a reduced formation of nitric oxide, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in Slc11a1-negative macrophages following Salmonella infection, whereas interleukin-10 production was increased. Moreover, Slc11a1-negative phagocytes exhibited higher cellular iron content, resulting in increased iron acquisition by intracellular Salmonella. Our observations indicate a bifunctional role for Slc11a1 within phagocytes. Slc11a restricts iron availability, which first augments pro-inflammatory macrophage effector functions and second concomitantly limits microbial iron access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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Song Y, Wang D, Qi H, Xiao S, Xue R, Li F. Metal ion binding of the first external loop of DCT1 in aqueous solution. Metallomics 2009; 1:392-4. [DOI: 10.1039/b909702n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Valdez Y, Grassl GA, Guttman JA, Coburn B, Gros P, Vallance BA, Finlay BB. Nramp1 drives an accelerated inflammatory response during Salmonella-induced colitis in mice. Cell Microbiol 2008; 11:351-62. [PMID: 19016783 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2008.01258.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A recently developed model for enterocolitis in mice involves pre-treatment with the antibiotic streptomycin prior to infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). The contribution of Nramp1/Slc11a1 protein, a critical host defence mechanism against S. Typhimurium, to the development of inflammation in this model has not been studied. Here, we analysed the impact of Nramp1 expression on the early development of colitis using isogenic Nramp1(+/+) and Nramp1(-/-) mice. We hypothesized that Nramp1 acts by rapidly inducing an inflammatory response in the gut mucosa creating an antibacterial environment and limiting spread of S. Typhimurium to systemic sites. We observed that Nramp1(+/+) mice showed lower numbers of S. Typhimurium in the caecum compared with Nramp1(-/-) mice at all times analysed. Acute inflammation was much more pronounced in Nramp1(+/+) mice 1 day after infection. The effect of Nramp1 on development of colitis was characterized by higher secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and MIP-1alpha and a massive infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages, compared with Nramp1(-/-) animals. These data show that an early and rapid inflammatory response results in protection against pathological effects of S. Typhimurium infection in Nramp1(+/+) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanet Valdez
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
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42
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O'Brien BA, Archer NS, Simpson AM, Torpy FR, Nassif NT. Association of SLC11A1 promoter polymorphisms with the incidence of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases: A meta-analysis. J Autoimmun 2008; 31:42-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2008.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2007] [Revised: 02/07/2008] [Accepted: 02/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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43
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Soe-Lin S, Sheftel AD, Wasyluk B, Ponka P. Nramp1 equips macrophages for efficient iron recycling. Exp Hematol 2008; 36:929-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2008.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Revised: 02/27/2008] [Accepted: 02/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
Haemophagocytosis (hemophagocytosis) is the phenomenon of activated macrophage consumption of red and white blood cells, including professional phagocytes and lymphocytes. It can occur in patients with severe cases of intracellular microbial infection, including avian influenza, leishmaniasis, tuberculosis and typhoid fever. While well-known to physicians since at least the mid-1800s, haemophagocytosis has been little studied due to a paucity of tractable animal and cell culture models. Recently, haemophagocytosis has been described in a mouse model of typhoid fever, and it was noted that the infectious agent, Salmonella enterica, resides within haemophagocytic macrophages in mice. In addition, a cell culture model for haemophagocytosis revealed that S. enterica preferentially replicate in haemophagocytic macrophages. This review describes how, at the molecular and cellular levels, S. enterica may promote and take advantage of haemophagocytosis to establish long-term systemic infections in mammals. The role, relevance and possible molecular mechanisms of haemophagocytosis are discussed within the context of other microbial infections and of genetic deficiencies in which haemophagocytosis occurs and is associated with morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Silva-Herzog
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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45
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Vidal SM, Malo D, Marquis JF, Gros P. Forward genetic dissection of immunity to infection in the mouse. Annu Rev Immunol 2008; 26:81-132. [PMID: 17953509 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Forward genetics is an experimental approach in which gene mapping and positional cloning are used to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying phenotypic differences between two individuals for a given trait. This strategy has been highly successful for the study of inbred mouse strains that show differences in innate susceptibility to bacterial, parasitic, fungal, and viral infections. Over the past 20 years, these studies have led to the identification of a number of cell populations and critical biochemical pathways and proteins that are essential for the early detection of and response to invading pathogens. Strikingly, the macrophage is the point of convergence for many of these genetic studies. This has led to the identification of diverse pathways involved in extracellular and intracellular pathogen recognition, modification of the properties and content of phagosomes, transcriptional response, and signal transduction for activation of adaptive immune mechanisms. In models of viral infections, elegant genetic studies highlighted the pivotal role of natural killer cells in the detection and destruction of infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Vidal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
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46
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Champion OL, Valdez Y, Thorson L, Guttman JA, Menendez A, Gaynor EC, Finlay BB. A murine intraperitoneal infection model reveals that host resistance to Campylobacter jejuni is Nramp1 dependent. Microbes Infect 2008; 10:922-7. [PMID: 18656410 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2008.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2008] [Revised: 04/30/2008] [Accepted: 05/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that host resistance to Campylobacter jejuni is Nramp1 dependent. Following intraperitoneal (IP) inoculation of Nramp1+/+ and isogenic Nramp1-deficient (Nramp1-/-) mice C. jejuni primarily associated with mac1-positive cells in liver tissue. A significant reduction of C. jejuni was observed in Nramp1+/+ mice 4 days post-infection (PI) (liver) and 8 days PI cecum-colon. In contrast, Nramp1-/- mice showed no significant reduction of C. jejuni and instead had a chronic inflammatory response and significant histopathological lesions 30 days PI. Differential cytokine profiles were observed in C. jejuni infected Nramp1+/+ and Nramp1-/- primary dendritic cells. Taken together these data indicate that Nramp1 is critical for host resistance to C. jejuni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia L Champion
- University of British Columbia, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Centre, 2558-2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
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47
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Valdez Y, Diehl GE, Vallance BA, Grassl GA, Guttman JA, Brown NF, Rosenberger CM, Littman DR, Gros P, Finlay BB. Nramp1 expression by dendritic cells modulates inflammatory responses during Salmonella Typhimurium infection. Cell Microbiol 2008; 10:1646-61. [PMID: 18397382 PMCID: PMC3051341 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2008.01155.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Host resistance against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is mediated by natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (Nramp1/Slc11a1). Nramp1 is critical to host defence, as mice lacking Nramp1 fail to control bacterial replication and succumb to low doses of S. Typhimurium. Despite this crucial role, the mechanisms underlying Nramp1's protective effects are unclear. Dendritic cells (DCs) that sample the intestinal lumen are among the first cells encountered by S. Typhimurium following oral infection and act as a conduit for S. Typhimurium to cross the intestinal epithelial barrier. We report that DCs, including intestinal, splenic and bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs), express Nramp1 protein. In the small intestine, Nramp1 expression is greater in a subset of DCs (CD11c(+)CD103(-)) characterized by the elevated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to bacterial products. While Nramp1 expression did not affect S. Typhimurium replication in BMDCs, infected Nramp1+/+ BMDCs and intestinal CD11c(+)CD103(-) DCs secreted more inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-alpha) than Nramp1-/-, suggesting that Nramp1 expression may promote a more rapid inflammatory response following infection. Collectively, these findings reveal a new role for DCs and Nramp1 in modulating the host inflammatory response to S. Typhimurium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanet Valdez
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Marquis JF, Gros P. Genetic analysis of resistance to infections in mice: A/J meets C57BL/6J. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2008; 321:27-57. [PMID: 18727486 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-75203-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Susceptibility to infectious diseases has long been known to have a genetic component in human populations. This genetic effect is often complex and difficult to study as it is further modified by environmental factors including the disease-causing pathogen itself. The laboratory mouse has proved a useful alternative to implement a genetic approach to study host defenses against infections. Our laboratory has used genetic analysis and positional cloning to characterize single and multi-gene effects regulating inter-strain differences in the susceptibility of A/J and C57BL/6J mice to infection with several bacterial and parasitic pathogens. This has led to the identification of several proteins including Nrampl (Slc11a1), Birc1e, Icsbp, C5a, and others that play critical roles in the antimicrobial defenses of macrophages against intracellular pathogens. The use of AcB/BcA recombinant congenic strains has further facilitated the characterization of single gene effects in complex traits such as susceptibility to malaria. The genetic identification of erythrocyte pyruvate kinase (Pklr) and myeloid pantetheinase enzymes (Vnn1/3) as key regulators of blood-stage parasitemia has suggested that cellular redox potential may be a key biochemical determinant of Plasmodium parasite replication. Expanding these types of studies to additional inbred strains and to emerging stocks of mutagenized mice will undoubtedly continue to unravel the molecular basis of host defense against infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-F Marquis
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, McIntyre Medical Building, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
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Gomez MA, Li S, Tremblay ML, Olivier M. NRAMP-1 Expression Modulates Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase Activity in Macrophages. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:36190-8. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m703140200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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50
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Techau ME, Valdez-Taubas J, Popoff JF, Francis R, Seaman M, Blackwell JM. Evolution of differences in transport function in Slc11a family members. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:35646-56. [PMID: 17932044 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m707057200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Slc11a1 (formerly Nramp1) is a proton/divalent cation transporter that regulates cation homeostasis in macrophages. Slc11a2 mediates divalent cation uptake via the gut and delivery into cells. The mode of action of the two transporters remains controversial. Heterologous expression in frog oocytes shows Slc11a2 is a symporter, whereas Slc11a1 is an antiporter fluxing divalent cations against the proton gradient. This explains why Slc11a2, but not Slc11a1, can complement EGTA sensitivity in smf1Delta/smf2Delta/smf3Delta yeast. However, some studies of transport in mammalian cells suggest Slc11a1 is a symporter. We now demonstrate that Slc11a1, but not Slc11a2, complements a divalent cation stress phenotype in bsd2Delta/rer1Delta yeast. This is the first description of a yeast complementation assay for Slc11a1 function. Given the prior demonstration in frog oocytes that Slc11a1 acts as an antiporter, the most plausible interpretation of the data is that Slc11a1 is rescuing bsd2Delta/rer1Delta yeast by exporting divalent cations. Chimaeras define the N terminus, and a segment of the protein core preceding transmembrane domain 9 through transmembrane domain 12, as important in rescuing the divalent cation stress phenotype. EGTA sensitivity and divalent cation stress phenotypes in yeast expressing Slc11a orthologues show that symport activity is ancestral. Molecular changes that mediate rescue of the divalent cation stress phenotype post-date frogs and co-evolved with Slc11a1 orthologues that regulate divalent cation homeostasis in macrophages and resistance to infection in chickens and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michala Eichner Techau
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2XY, UK
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