1
|
Feng Y, Qin P, Wang R, Mi Y, Li Y, Feng J, Shen W, Dong H, Duo J, Ma L, Yao X, Hu X, Xiong F, Shi X, Wang H. Effects of Tibetan medicine Longdan zhike tablet on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease through MAPK pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 328:118082. [PMID: 38522625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Longdan zhike tablet (LDZK) is a Tibetan medicine formula commonly used in the highland region of Tibet, China, to ameliorate respiratory diseases, such as acute bronchitis and asthma. In Chinese traditional medicine, some herbal formulas with anti-inflammatory properties targeting the respiratory system are clinically adopted as supplementary therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the specific anti-COPD effects of LDZK remain to be evaluated. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study is to identify the principal bioactive compounds in LDZK, and elucidate the effects and mechanisms of the LDZK on COPD. METHODS High-resolution mass spectrometry was utilized for a comprehensive characterization of the chemical composition of LDZK. The therapeutic effects of LDZK were assessed on the LPS-papain-induced COPD mouse model, and LPS-induced activation model of A549 cells. The safety of LDZK was evaluated by orally administering a single dose of 30 g/kg to rats and monitoring physiological and biochemical indicators after a 14-day period. Network pharmacology and Western blot analysis were employed for mechanism prediction of LDZK. RESULTS A comprehensive analysis identified a total of 45 compounds as the major constituents of LDZK. Oral administration of LDZK resulted in notable ameliorative effects in respiratory function, accompanied by reduced inflammatory cell counts and cytokine levels in the lungs of COPD mice. Acute toxicity tests demonstrated a favorable safety profile at a dose equivalent to 292 times the clinically prescribed dose. In vitro studies revealed that LDZK exhibited protective effects on A549 cells by mitigating LPS-induced cellular damage, reducing the release of NO, and downregulating the expression of iNOS, COX2, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Network pharmacology and Western blot analysis indicated that LDZK primarily modulated the MAPK signaling pathway and inhibited the phosphorylation of p38/ERK/JNK. CONCLUSIONS LDZK exerts significant therapeutic effects on COPD through the regulation of the MAPK pathway, suggesting its potential as a promising adjunctive therapy for the treatment of chronic inflammation in COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Pengfei Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yahui Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - You Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jiahao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wenbin Shen
- Instrumental Analysis Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Haijuan Dong
- Instrumental Analysis Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jietai Duo
- Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Tibetan Hospital, Xianggelila, China.
| | - Liming Ma
- Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Tibetan Hospital, Xianggelila, China.
| | - Xiaowu Yao
- Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Tibetan Hospital, Xianggelila, China.
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Fei Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xinhong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Versi A, Ivan FX, Abdel-Aziz MI, Bates S, Riley J, Baribaud F, Kermani NZ, Montuschi P, Dahlen SE, Djukanovic R, Sterk P, Maitland-Van Der Zee AH, Chotirmall SH, Howarth P, Adcock IM, Chung KF. Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis in sputum of severe asthma with inflammasome and neutrophil activation. Allergy 2023; 78:2906-2920. [PMID: 37287344 DOI: 10.1111/all.15776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of altered airway microbiome in asthma, we analysed the bacterial species in sputum of patients with severe asthma. METHODS Whole genome sequencing was performed on induced sputum from non-smoking (SAn) and current or ex-smoker (SAs/ex) severe asthma patients, mild/moderate asthma (MMA) and healthy controls (HC). Data were analysed by asthma severity, inflammatory status and transcriptome-associated clusters (TACs). RESULTS α-diversity at the species level was lower in SAn and SAs/ex, with an increase in Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis, and Haemophilus influenzae and Tropheryma whipplei, respectively, compared to HC. In neutrophilic asthma, there was greater abundance of Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis and in eosinophilic asthma, Tropheryma whipplei was increased. There was a reduction in α-diversity in TAC1 and TAC2 that expressed high levels of Haemophilus influenzae and Tropheryma whipplei, and Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis, respectively, compared to HC. Sputum neutrophils correlated positively with Moraxella catarrhalis and negatively with Prevotella, Neisseria and Veillonella species and Haemophilus parainfluenzae. Sputum eosinophils correlated positively with Tropheryma whipplei which correlated with pack-years of smoking. α- and β-diversities were stable at one year. CONCLUSIONS Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis were more abundant in severe neutrophilic asthma and TAC2 linked to inflammasome and neutrophil activation, while Haemophilus influenzae and Tropheryma whipplei were highest in SAs/ex and in TAC1 associated with highest expression of IL-13 type 2 and ILC2 signatures with the abundance of Tropheryma whipplei correlating positively with sputum eosinophils. Whether these bacterial species drive the inflammatory response in asthma needs evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Versi
- National Heart & Lung Institute & Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Mahmoud I Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - John Riley
- Respiratory Therapeutic Unit, GSK, Brentford, UK
| | | | | | - Paolo Montuschi
- Department of Pharmacology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Sven-Erik Dahlen
- Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ratko Djukanovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Southampton University, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Peter Sterk
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anke H Maitland-Van Der Zee
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sanjay H Chotirmall
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore City, Singapore
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Peter Howarth
- Faculty of Medicine, Southampton University, Southampton, UK
| | - Ian M Adcock
- National Heart & Lung Institute & Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart & Lung Institute & Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang N, Zhang L, Tian D, Wang P, Men K, Ge Y, Zhang C. Tanshinone increases Hemopexin expression in lung cells and macrophages to protect against cigarette smoke-induced COPD and enhance antiviral responses. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:645-665. [PMID: 36218263 PMCID: PMC9980497 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2129933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory disease, while respiratory infections can elicit exacerbations in COPD patients to mediate increased mortality. Administration of Tanshinones (TS) derivatives has been demonstrated to protect against cigarette smoking (CS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced COPD progression. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms and the roles of TS in mitigating the severity of viral-mediated exacerbations of COPD have not been elucidated. Here, we found that TS treatments significantly attenuated lung function decline, inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in CS and LPS-induced COPD mice. Subsequent RNA-seq analysis revealed significantly upregulated Hemopexin expression and enriched interferons (IFNs) signaling pathways in lung tissues of COPD mice upon TS treatments. Moreover, TS administration demonstrated Hemopexin-dependent beneficial roles in BEAS-2B lung cells and RAW264.7 macrophages, which was associated with the suppression of oxidative stress and ERK, NF-κB, and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways-mediated inflammation. Furthermore, TS promoted IFN signaling and rescued impaired antiviral responses in CS and LPS-exposed lung cells that were infected by influenza virus. Notably, hemopexin over-expression in lung cells and macrophages recapitulated the pharmacological activities of TS. Taken together, these results indicate that TS administration is a promising and potential therapeutic strategy for treating COPD and preventing COPD exacerbations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yang
- Department of Respiratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Dongdong Tian
- Department of Respiratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Respiratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Kai Men
- Department of Respiratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yiliang Ge
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hunan
| | - Cailian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang P, Zhang Y, Wang L, Wang X, Xu S, Zhai Z, Wang C, Cai H. Reversal of NADPH Oxidase-Dependent Early Oxidative and Inflammatory Responses in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Puerarin. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5595781. [PMID: 35651727 PMCID: PMC9151001 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5595781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated effects of Puerarin on the early oxidative and inflammatory responses in the lung triggered by acute cigarette smoking (ACS). C57BL/6 mice were exposed to ACS for 1 hr in the presence or absence of Puerarin and harvested at 2, 6, and 24 hours. ACS induced significant increases in superoxide production in mouse lungs at 2 and 6 hours; and superoxide production was also elevated in a time and concentration dependent manner in cigarette smoke extract (CSE) stimulated human small airway epithelial cells (HSAECs), which was dose-dependently abrogated by Puerarin. ACS exposure upregulated NOX1, NOX2, and NOX4 protein expression in mouse lungs. Likewise, NOX1 and NOX4 were upregulated in CSE-stimulated HSAECs. These responses were significantly or completely attenuated by Puerarin. ACS induced significant infiltrations of neutrophils and macrophages in mouse lung parenchyma and BAL fluid, which were completely or significantly abrogated by Puerarin, so was the activation of the NF-кB pathway and the upregulation in inflammatory mediators including TNF-α, KC (murine homolog of IL-8), COX-2, IL-6 and MCP-1. Nuclear translocation of p65, IL-8 secretion, and upregulation of COX-2 in CSE stimulated HSAECs were also markedly attenuated by Puerarin. Moreover, ACS or CSE stimulated upregulation in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and expression of inflammatory mediators were alleviated by ROS scavenger TEMPO in vivo and vitro, with no synergy combining with Puerarin, indicating that the effects of Puerarin are redox-sensitive following activation of NOX. In summary, our data for the first time demonstrate that Puerarin robustly attenuates NOX isoform-dependent ROS production and inflammatory activation in ACS exposed mice and CSE treated HSAECs, indicating that Puerarin might be used as a robust therapeutic agent for early or early stage COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yixuan Zhang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinjing Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shiqing Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenguo Zhai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Cai
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novel form of cell death characterized by the iron-dependent accumulation of lipid peroxides and is different from other types of cell death. The mechanisms of ferroptosis are discussed in the review, including System Xc-, Glutathione Peroxidase 4 pathway, Ferroptosis Suppressor Protein 1 and Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase pathway. Ferroptosis is associated with the occurrence of various diseases, including sepsis. Research in recent years has displayed that ferroptosis is involved in sepsis occurrence and development. Iron chelators can inhibit the development of sepsis and improve the survival rate of septic mice. The ferroptotic cells can release damage-associated molecular patterns and lipid peroxidation, which further mediate inflammatory responses. Ferroptosis inhibitors can resist sepsis-induced multiple organ dysfunction and inflammation. Finally, we reviewed ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of cell death that is different from other types of cell death in biochemistry, morphology, and major regulatory mechanisms, which is involved in multiple organ injuries caused by sepsis. Exploring the relationship between sepsis and ferroptosis may yield new treatment targets for sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.,Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Sichuang Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongbin Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.,Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Sipin Tan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.,Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kotlyarov S. Involvement of the Innate Immune System in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:985. [PMID: 35055174 PMCID: PMC8778852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common, socially significant disease characterized by progressive airflow limitation due to chronic inflammation in the bronchi. Although the causes of COPD are considered to be known, the pathogenesis of the disease continues to be a relevant topic of study. Mechanisms of the innate immune system are involved in various links in the pathogenesis of COPD, leading to persistence of chronic inflammation in the bronchi, their bacterial colonization and disruption of lung structure and function. Bronchial epithelial cells, neutrophils, macrophages and other cells are involved in the development and progression of the disease, demonstrating multiple compromised immune mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zanthoxylum bungeanum Seed Oil Attenuates LPS-Induced BEAS-2B Cell Activation and Inflammation by Inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF- κB Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:2073296. [PMID: 34603465 PMCID: PMC8486531 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2073296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed oil (ZBSO) is a natural essential oil derived from the seeds of the Chinese medicinal plant Zanthoxylum bungeanum, which has been investigated for antitumor and anti-inflammatory effects. However, little is known regarding the effects of ZBSO in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods In this study, lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) were induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish an in vitro model of COPD, and cytotoxicity was detected by a cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) assay. Griess test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), western blot, immunofluorescence, and molecular docking analyses were used to investigate the effects of ZBSO and its potential mechanisms. Results The results showed that LPS promoted the expression of nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), suggesting that LPS can induce inflammation and oxidative stress in BEAS-2B cells. ZBSO inhibits the LPS-induced expression of inflammatory mediators and proinflammatory cytokines in BEAS-2B cells. The molecular docking results indicated that active components in ZBSO could successfully dock with toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and p65. Immunofluorescence and western blot analyses further demonstrated that ZBSO repressed protein expression associated with the TLR4/MyD88/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Conclusions ZBSO reduced the inflammatory response and oxidative stress induced by LPS by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby suppressing COPD. ZBSO may represent a promising therapeutic candidate for COPD treatment.
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen S, Wang F, Liu Z, Zhao Y, Jiang Y, Chen L, Li C, Zhou X. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor promotes proliferation and progesterone synthesis in bovine granulosa cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:8776-8787. [PMID: 30456817 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in regulating the growth of ovarian follicles, maturation of the oocyte, and development of the early embryo through its receptor, tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB). However, it is still unclear as to how BDNF influences proliferation and steroidogenesis of bovine granulosa cells (GCs). In this paper, we confirmed that BDNF and TrkB were expressed in bovine GCs, and that proliferation and steroidogenesis by bovine GCs were reduced by knockdown of BDNF or inhibition of TrkB. With respect to GC proliferation, BDNF enhanced cellular viability and the percentage of cells in the S phase. BDNF also activated both protein kinase B (PKB, also known as AKT) and the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2)-signaling pathway. Through the AKT-signaling pathway, BDNF increased the expression of proliferation-related genes, including cyclin A1 (CCNA1), cyclin E2 (CCNE2), cyclin D1 (CCND1), and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). However, through the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, BDNF only increased the expression of CCNA1 and CCNE2. Regarding steroidogenesis by bovine GCs, BDNF promoted progesterone (P 4 ) synthesis, but had no effect on estradiol; it also activated the AKT-signaling pathway and increased the expression of steroidogenesis-related genes, including steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR) and hydroxy-δ-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3β- and steroid δ-isomerase 1 (HSD3B1). In summary, our data are the first to show that BDNF promotes the proliferation of bovine GCs through TrkB-AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways and increases P4 synthesis by bovine GCs through the TrkB-AKT signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuxiong Chen
- Laboratory for Regulation of Reproduction, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fengge Wang
- Laboratory for Regulation of Reproduction, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Laboratory for Regulation of Reproduction, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Laboratory for Regulation of Reproduction, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanwen Jiang
- Laboratory for Regulation of Reproduction, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Laboratory for Regulation of Reproduction, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunjin Li
- Laboratory for Regulation of Reproduction, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Laboratory for Regulation of Reproduction, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen B, You WJ, Xue S, Qin H, Zhao XJ, Zhang M, Liu XQ, Zhu SY, Jiang HD. Overexpression of farnesoid X receptor in small airways contributes to epithelial to mesenchymal transition and COX-2 expression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Thorac Dis 2016; 8:3063-3074. [PMID: 28066584 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2016.11.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) contribute to airway remodelling and inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Recent data suggest that the farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a nuclear receptor traditionally considered as bile acid-activated receptor, is also expressed in non-classical bile acids target tissues with novel functions beyond regulating bile acid homeostasis. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of FXR in the development of COPD, as well as factors that affect FXR expression. METHODS Expression of FXR, EMT biomarkers and COX-2 was examined by immunohistochemistry in lung tissues from non-smokers, smokers, and smokers with COPD. The role of FXR in TGF-β1-induced EMT and COX-2 expression in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells was evaluated in vitro. Factors regulating FXR expression were assessed in cultured HBE cells and a cigarette smoke-induced rat model of COPD. RESULTS Expression of FXR, EMT markers and COX-2 was significantly elevated in small airway epithelium of COPD patients compared with controls. The staining scores of FXR in small airway epithelium were negatively related with FEV1% of predicted of smokers without and with COPD. FXR agonist GW4064 remarkably enhanced and FXR antagonist Z-Guggulsterone significantly inhibited EMT changes in TGF-β1-treated HBE cells. Both chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and GW4064 increased COX-2 expression in HBE cells, whereas Z-Guggulsterone dramatically restrained CDCA-induced COX-2 expression. Finally, FXR expression is induced by IL-4 and IL-13 in HBE cells, as well as by cigarette smoke exposure in a rat model of COPD. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of FXR in small airway may contribute to airway remodelling and inflammation in COPD by regulating EMT and COX-2 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bi Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wen-Jie You
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Shan Xue
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Hui Qin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xu-Ji Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Xue-Qing Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Shu-Yang Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Han-Dong Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Drozdovszky O, Barta I, Antus B. Sputum eicosanoid profiling in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respiration 2014; 87:408-15. [PMID: 24714447 DOI: 10.1159/000358099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eicosanoids are small lipid molecules with diverse biological functions in the airways. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate changes in leukotriene B4 (LTB4), 8-isoprostane, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and cysteinyl-leukotriene (cys-LT) levels in the sputum of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) at the onset of a severe exacerbation and during the course of recovery. METHODS Thirty-seven ex-smoker COPD patients suffering an episode of acute exacerbation were enrolled. Samples were taken (i) on hospital admission and (ii) after regular treatment. Twenty-five stable ex-smoker COPD patients served as controls. Eicosanoids were determined by enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS Sputum PGE2 [39.8 (13.3-103.3) vs. 5.05 (2.3-12.1) pg/ml, p < 0.001], 8-isoprostane [89.5 (36.9-184.7) vs. 29.7 (13.8-68.8) pg/ml, p < 0.01] and LTB4 [587.7 (252.9-774.8) vs. 276.1 (105.4-594.7) pg/ml, p < 0.05] levels were increased in patients with exacerbation compared to stable subjects. After treatment only PGE2 levels decreased significantly [at discharge: 19.6 (4.6-52.5) pg/ml, p < 0.01], the levels of other eicosanoids remained elevated (p = NS). Sputum cys-LT levels were similar in stable patients and in those with exacerbation and treatment did not influence cys-LTs either. There was a significant correlation between PGE2 and sputum neutrophil and lymphocyte cell counts in patients with exacerbation. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that 8-isoprostane, LTB4 and PGE2 but not cys-LTs may be involved in exacerbation-associated inflammatory processes in the airways of patients with COPD. Validation of PGE2 for use as a biomarker of recovery from an exacerbation requires further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Drozdovszky
- Department of Pathophysiology, National Koranyi Institute of TB and Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yokoyama U, Iwatsubo K, Umemura M, Fujita T, Ishikawa Y. The Prostanoid EP4 Receptor and Its Signaling Pathway. Pharmacol Rev 2013; 65:1010-52. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.112.007195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
|
12
|
Murphy TF, Chonmaitree T, Barenkamp S, Kyd J, Nokso-Koivisto J, Patel JA, Heikkinen T, Yamanaka N, Ogra P, Swords WE, Sih T, Pettigrew MM. Panel 5: Microbiology and immunology panel. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2013; 148:E64-89. [PMID: 23536533 DOI: 10.1177/0194599812459636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective is to perform a comprehensive review of the literature from January 2007 through June 2011 on the virology, bacteriology, and immunology related to otitis media. DATA SOURCES PubMed database of the National Library of Medicine. REVIEW METHODS Three subpanels with co-chairs comprising experts in the virology, bacteriology, and immunology of otitis media were formed. Each of the panels reviewed the literature in their respective fields and wrote draft reviews. The reviews were shared with all panel members, and a second draft was created. The entire panel met at the 10th International Symposium on Recent Advances in Otitis Media in June 2011 and discussed the review and refined the content further. A final draft was created, circulated, and approved by the panel. CONCLUSION Excellent progress has been made in the past 4 years in advancing an understanding of the microbiology and immunology of otitis media. Advances include laboratory-based basic studies, cell-based assays, work in animal models, and clinical studies. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The advances of the past 4 years formed the basis of a series of short-term and long-term research goals in an effort to guide the field. Accomplishing these goals will provide opportunities for the development of novel interventions, including new ways to better treat and prevent otitis media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy F Murphy
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Su YC, Singh B, Riesbeck K. Moraxella catarrhalis: from interactions with the host immune system to vaccine development. Future Microbiol 2013; 7:1073-100. [PMID: 22953708 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.12.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Moraxella catarrhalis is a human-restricted commensal that over the last two decades has developed into an emerging respiratory tract pathogen. The bacterial species is equipped with various adhesins to facilitate its colonization. Successful evasion of the human immune system is a prerequisite for Moraxella infection. This strategy involves induction of an excessive proinflammatory response, intervention of granulocyte recruitment to the infection site, activation of selected pattern recognition receptors and cellular adhesion molecules to counteract the host bacteriolytic attack, as well as, finally, reprogramming of antigen presenting cells. Host immunomodulator molecules are also exploited by Moraxella to aid in resistance against complement killing and host bactericidal molecules. Thus, breaking the basis of Moraxella immune evasion mechanisms is fundamental for future invention of effective therapy in controlling Moraxella infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ching Su
- Medical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Madanayake TW, Fidler TP, Fresquez TM, Bajaj N, Rowland AM. Cytochrome P450 2S1 depletion enhances cell proliferation and migration in bronchial epithelial cells, in part, through modulation of prostaglandin E(2) synthesis. Drug Metab Dispos 2012; 40:2119-25. [PMID: 22863683 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.112.046466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochromes P450 (P450s) contribute to the metabolic activation and inactivation of various endogenous substrates. Despite years of research, the physiological role of CYP2S1 remains unknown. CYP2S1 has demonstrated NADPH P450-reductase-independent metabolism of cyclooxygenase (COX)-derived prostaglandins [e.g., prostaglandin G(2) (PGG(2))] at nanomolar concentrations. Arachidonic acid is converted to prostaglandin precursors [PGG(2) and prostaglandin H(2) (PGH(2))] through COX. These precursors are used to synthesize numerous prostanoids, including PGE(2). Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) promotes cell proliferation and cell migration and inhibits apoptosis. CYP2S1 metabolism of PGG(2) presumably sequesters PGG(2) and PGH(2), making them unavailable for synthesis of prostanoids such as PGE(2). Whether CYP2S1 contributes to prostaglandin metabolism and influences cell physiological remains to be determined. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physiological role of CYP2S1, if any, in human bronchial epithelial cells [SV40-derived bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B)]. To do this, we used small interfering RNA to deplete CYP2S1 mRNA and protein by approximately 75% and evaluated the impact of CYP2S1 depletion on cell proliferation and migration. CYP2S1 depletion enhanced both cell proliferation and migration in BEAS-2B cells. Consistent with the proposed role of CYP2S1 in PGE(2) synthesis, the reduction in CYP2S1 expression doubled intracellular PGE(2) levels. Pharmacological administration of PGE(2) enhanced cell proliferation in BEAS-2B cells but failed to promote migration. Our data reveal an important role for CYP2S1 in the regulation of cell proliferation and migration, occurring in part through modulation of prostaglandin synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T W Madanayake
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Minimally modified LDL upregulates endothelin type B receptors in rat coronary artery via ERK1/2 MAPK and NF-κB pathways. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2012; 1821:582-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
16
|
Zhang W, Case S, Bowler RP, Martin RJ, Jiang D, Chu HW. Cigarette smoke modulates PGE(2) and host defence against Moraxella catarrhalis infection in human airway epithelial cells. Respirology 2011; 16:508-16. [PMID: 21199162 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2010.01920.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Airway bacterial infections pose a significant challenge to the management of COPD, a disease mainly caused by cigarette smoking. However, the mechanisms of impaired airway mucosal innate immunity against bacteria in COPD remain unclear. We examined the effect of cigarette smoke on prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and downstream epithelial host defence mechanisms including the antimicrobial substance human β-defensin-2 (hBD-2). METHODS Brushed bronchial epithelial cells were obtained from healthy smokers and individuals with COPD, and cultured under air-liquid interface conditions with or without exposure to whole cigarette smoke (WCS) or Moraxella catarrhalis (Mc) infection. Bacterial load, hBD-2 (a molecule known to kill Mc) and PGE(2) were measured. RESULTS WCS decreased Mc-induced hBD-2 expression and increased Mc load on bronchial epithelial cells from healthy smokers and COPD patients. Moreover, WCS inhibited PGE(2) induction following Mc. PGE(2) was shown to increase hBD-2 production in bronchial epithelial cells from healthy smokers, but not from COPD patients. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that in well-differentiated human bronchial epithelial cells, WCS may impair host defence against Mc in part through inhibiting PGE(2) production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiyun Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Batra S, Balamayooran G, Sahoo MK. Nuclear factor-κB: a key regulator in health and disease of lungs. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2011; 59:335-51. [PMID: 21786215 PMCID: PMC7079756 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-011-0136-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Rel/NF-κB transcription factors play a key role in modulating the response of immunoregulatory genes including cytokines and chemokines, cell adhesion molecules, acute phase proteins, and anti-microbial peptides. Furthermore, an array of genes important for angiogenesis, tumor invasion and metastasis is also regulated by nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Close association of NF-κB with inflammation and tumorigenesis makes it an attractive target for basic research as well as for pharmaceutical industries. Studies involving various animal and cellular models have revealed the importance of NF-κB in pathobiology of lung diseases. This review (a) describes structures, activities, and regulation of NF-κB family members; (b) provides information which implicates NF-κB in pathogenesis of pulmonary inflammation and cancer; and (c) discusses information about available synthetic and natural compounds which target NF-κB or specific components of NF-κB signal transduction pathway and which may provide the foundation for development of effective therapy for lung inflammation and bronchogenic carcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Batra
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, 70803, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
NF-kappaB signaling mediates vascular smooth muscle endothelin type B receptor expression in resistance arteries. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 637:148-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Revised: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
19
|
Liao PL, Cheng YW, Li CH, Lo YL, Kang JJ. Cholesterol-3-beta, 5-alpha, 6-beta-triol induced PI3K-Akt-eNOS-dependent cyclooxygenase-2 expression in endothelial cells. Toxicol Lett 2009; 190:172-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Revised: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
20
|
Issuree PDA, Pushparaj PN, Pervaiz S, Melendez AJ. Resveratrol attenuates C5a‐induced inflammatory responses
in vitro
and
in vivo
by inhibiting phospholipase D and sphingosine kinase activities. FASEB J 2009; 23:2412-24. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-130542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter N. Pushparaj
- Department of PhysiologyYong Loo Lin School of MedicineSingapore
- Medicine‐Immunology, Infection, and InflammationGlasgow Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Shazib Pervaiz
- Department of PhysiologyYong Loo Lin School of MedicineSingapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and EngineeringSingapore
- Duke‐NUS Graduate Medical SchoolNational University of SingaporeSingapore
- Singapore‐Massachusetts Institute of Technology AllianceSingapore
| | - Alirio J. Melendez
- Department of PhysiologyYong Loo Lin School of MedicineSingapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and EngineeringSingapore
- Medicine‐Immunology, Infection, and InflammationGlasgow Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fan SH, Zhang ZF, Zheng YL, Lu J, Wu DM, Shan Q, Hu B, Wang YY. Troxerutin protects the mouse kidney from d-galactose-caused injury through anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation. Int Immunopharmacol 2008; 9:91-6. [PMID: 19000936 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2008.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2008] [Revised: 10/09/2008] [Accepted: 10/09/2008] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the protective effect of troxerutin against D-galactose (D-gal)-induced renal injury in mice. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained sections of kidneys revealed D-gal could cause renal injury and troxerutin could significantly attenuate the injury. We further investigated the mechanisms involved in the protective effects of troxerutin on mouse kidney. The following antioxidant defense enzymes were measured: cytosolic Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD-1), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). The content of the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) was also analyzed. In D-gal-treated mice, antioxidant enzymes activities were significantly decreased and the level of MDA was significantly higher than those in the vehicle controls. Our results indicated that the protective effect of troxerutin against D-gal induced renal injury might be caused, at least in part, by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes with a reduction in lipid peroxidation product. Furthermore, we also examined the inflammatory signal mediators of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostanoid receptor subtype EP2 by Western blot. After treatment with D-gal, the NF-kappaB p65, iNOS, COX-2 and EP2 were markedly upregulated. Upon co-treatment with the troxerutin, however, the expressions of the NF-kappaB p65, iNOS, COX-2 and EP2 markedly reduced, compared to D-gal treatment alone. These results indicated that troxerutin has significantly inhibitory effects on the NF-kappaB-mediated inflammatory response. These findings suggest troxerutin could attenuate renal injury induced by D-gal probably through its antioxidant and anti-inflammation properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Hua Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Xuzhou Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Slevogt H, Zabel S, Opitz B, Hocke A, Eitel J, N'Guessan PD, Lucka L, Riesbeck K, Zimmermann W, Zweigner J, Temmesfeld-Wollbrueck B, Suttorp N, Singer BB. CEACAM1 inhibits Toll-like receptor 2–triggered antibacterial responses of human pulmonary epithelial cells. Nat Immunol 2008; 9:1270-8. [DOI: 10.1038/ni.1661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Accepted: 09/02/2008] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
23
|
Moraxella catarrhalis binding to host cellular receptors is mediated by sequence-specific determinants not conserved among all UspA1 protein variants. Infect Immun 2008; 76:5322-9. [PMID: 18678656 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00572-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Moraxella catarrhalis ubiquitous surface proteins (UspAs) are autotransporter molecules reported to interact with a variety of different host proteins and to affect processes ranging from serum resistance to cellular adhesion. The role of UspA1 as an adhesin has been confirmed with a number of different human cell types and is mediated by binding to eukaryotic proteins including carcinoembryonic antigen-related cellular adhesion molecules (CEACAMs), fibronectin, and laminin. A distinct difference in the ability of prototypical M. catarrhalis strains to adhere to CEACAM-expressing cell lines prompted us to perform strain-specific structure-function analyses of UspA1 proteins. In this study, we characterized CEACAM binding by a diverse set of UspA1 proteins and showed that 3 out of 10 UspA1 proteins were incapable of binding CEACAM. This difference resulted from the absence of a distinct CEACAM binding motif in nonadhering strains. Our sequence analysis also revealed a single M. catarrhalis isolate that lacked the fibronectin-binding motif and was defective in adherence to Chang conjunctival epithelial cells. These results clearly demonstrate that UspA1-associated adhesive functions are not universally conserved. Instead, UspA1 proteins must be considered as variants with the potential to confer both different cell tropisms and host cell responses.
Collapse
|
24
|
Xu F, Xu Z, Zhang R, Wu Z, Lim JH, Koga T, Li JD, Shen H. Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae induces COX-2 and PGE2 expression in lung epithelial cells via activation of p38 MAPK and NF-kappa B. Respir Res 2008; 9:16. [PMID: 18237405 PMCID: PMC2270828 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-9-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2007] [Accepted: 01/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is an important respiratory pathogen implicated as an infectious trigger in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but its molecular interaction with human lung epithelial cells remains unclear. Herein, we tested that the hypothesis that NTHi induces the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) via activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B in pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells. Methods Human alveolar epithelial A549 cells were infected with different concentrations of NTHi. The phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was detected by Western blot analysis, the DNA binding activity of NF-kappa B was assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), and the expressions of COX-1 and 2 mRNA and PGE2 protein were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. The roles of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4, well known NTHi recognizing receptor in lung epithelial cell and gram-negative bacteria receptor, respectively, on the NTHi-induced COX-2 expression were investigated in the HEK293 cells overexpressing TLR2 and TLR4 in vitro and in the mouse model of NTHi-induced pneumonia by using TLR2 and TLR4 knock-out mice in vivo. In addition, the role of p38 MAPK and NF-kappa B on the NTHi-induced COX-2 and PGE2 expression was investigated by using their specific chemical inhibitors. Results NTHi induced COX-2 mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner, but not COX-1 mRNA expression in A549 cells. The enhanced expression of PGE2 by NTHi infection was significantly decreased by pre-treatment of COX-2 specific inhibitor, but not by COX-1 inhibitor. NTHi induced COX-2 expression was mediated by TLR2 in the epithelial cell in vitro and in the lungs of mice in vivo. NTHi induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and up-regulated DNA binding activity of NF-kappa B. Moreover, the expressions of COX-2 and PGE2 were significantly inhibited by specific inhibitors of p38 MAPK and NF-kappa B. However, NTHi-induced DNA binding activity of NF-kappa B was not affected by the inhibition of p38 MAPK. Conclusion NTHi induces COX-2 and PGE2 expression in a p38 MAPK and NF-kappa B-dependent manner through TLR2 in lung epithelial cells in vitro and lung tissues in vivo. The full understanding of the role of endogenous anti-inflammatory PGE2 and its regulation will bring new insight to the resolution of inflammation in pulmonary bacterial infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|