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Freund O, Hadad Y, Lagziel T, Friedman Regev I, Kleinhendler E, Unterman A, Bar-Shai A, Perluk TM. The Added Value of Bronchoalveolar Lavage for Pulmonary Tuberculosis Diagnosis in High-Risk Hospitalized Patients with Negative Sputum Samples. Adv Respir Med 2023; 92:15-24. [PMID: 38392033 PMCID: PMC10885945 DOI: 10.3390/arm92010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Hospitalized patients with a high suspicion of pulmonary tuberculosis (HS-PTB) are isolated until a definite diagnosis can be determined. If doubt remains after negative sputum samples, bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is often sought. Still, evidence of the added value of BAL in this patient population is scarce. To address this issue, we included consecutive HS-PTB patients with negative sputum samples who underwent BAL between 2017 and 2018. Chest X-rays (CXR) and CT scans were evaluated by a chest radiologist blind to the final diagnosis. Independent predictors for PTB were assessed by multivariate regression, using all positive PTB patients between 2017 and 2019 (by sputum or BAL) as a control group (n = 41). Overall, 42 HS-PTB patients were included (mean age 51 ± 9, 36% female). BAL was a viable diagnostic for PTB in three (7%) cases and for other clinically relevant pathogens in six (14%). Independent predictors for PTB were ≥2 sub-acute symptoms (adjusted OR 3.18, 95% CI 1.04-9.8), CXR upper-lobe consolidation (AOR 8.70, 95% CI 2.5-29), and centrilobular nodules in chest CT (AOR 3.96, 95% CI 1.20-13.0, p = 0.02). In conclusion, bronchoscopy with BAL in hospitalized patients with HS-PTB had a 7% added diagnostic value after negative sputum samples. Our findings highlight specific predictors for PTB diagnosis that could be used in future controlled studies to personalize the diagnostic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophir Freund
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Sourasky Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6423906, Israel; (I.F.R.); (A.B.-S.)
| | - Yitzhac Hadad
- Radiology Department, Sourasky Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6423906, Israel
| | - Tomer Lagziel
- Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Inbal Friedman Regev
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Sourasky Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6423906, Israel; (I.F.R.); (A.B.-S.)
| | - Eyal Kleinhendler
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Sourasky Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6423906, Israel; (I.F.R.); (A.B.-S.)
| | - Avraham Unterman
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Sourasky Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6423906, Israel; (I.F.R.); (A.B.-S.)
| | - Amir Bar-Shai
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Sourasky Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6423906, Israel; (I.F.R.); (A.B.-S.)
| | - Tal Moshe Perluk
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Sourasky Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6423906, Israel; (I.F.R.); (A.B.-S.)
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Toennesen B, Schmid JM, Sørensen BS, Fricker M, Hoffmann HJH. A five-gene qPCR signature can classify type 2 asthma comparably to microscopy of induced sputum from severe asthma patients. Eur Clin Respir J 2023; 11:2293318. [PMID: 38178813 PMCID: PMC10763913 DOI: 10.1080/20018525.2023.2293318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogenous disease characterized by airway inflammation and variable expiratory airflow limitation resulting in variable respiratory symptoms. Characterization of airway inflammation is important to choose the optimal treatment for severe asthma patients eligible for biological treatment. However, counting cells in induced sputum samples are a time-consuming process, highly dependent on personal skills. Replacing eosinophil and neutrophil cell counting with qPCR for transcripts of selected mast cell, and basophil genes may provide more reproducible results. Aims The objective of this study was to compare qPCR with microscopy in asthma endotyping. Methods A qPCR method measuring five mast cell/basophil genes was applied on induced sputum samples from 30 severe asthma patients and compared with microscopy. Target gene Ct-values (CPA3, GATA2, HDC, MS4A2, TPSAB1/TPSB2) were referenced to household β-actin Ct values as a measure of relative mRNA abundance of the target in each sample. Target/β-actin-ratios in eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic groups determined by microscopy with an eosinophil threshold of 3% in 400 cells were compared using Mann-Whitney U Test. Spearman´s correlations were used to test for correlation between targets vs. FENO and targets vs. blood eosinophil counts. Results The study demonstrated a statistical difference in relative mRNA abundance for four mast cell/basophil specific genes. CPA3, GATA2, HDC and MS4A2 were elevated in eosinophilic asthma versus non-eosinophilic asthma patients. The study found that GATA2, CPA3, MS4A2 and TPSAB1/TPSB2 transcripts are positively correlated with FENO. Neither the five mast cell genes nor the five-gene signature correlated with blood eosinophils. The five-gene signature with a target/β-actin-ratio cut-off ≥2 generated sensitivity = 87%, specificity = 94%, NPV = 88% and PPV = 92% compared to microscopy. Conclusion This study confirms the contribution of mast cells in the pathogenesis of EA and suggests that mast cell mRNA markers could be one of the biomarkers used to identify EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Toennesen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - J. M. Schmid
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - B. S. Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - M. Fricker
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia & Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia, Newcastle, Australia
| | - H. J. H. Hoffmann
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus, Denmark
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Oğuzülgen K, Öztürk AB, Bacceoğlu A, Aydın Ö, Köycü Buhari G, Damadoğlu E, Öner Erkekol F, Göksel Ö, Karakaya G, Kalyoncu AF, Kalpaklıoğlu F, Mungan D, Türktaş H, Pur Özyiğit L, Ergin Ç, Erdoğan M, Kalkancı A. Inhaler Steroid Use Changes Oral and Airway Bacterial and Fungal Microbiome Profile in Asthma Patients. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2023; 185:10-19. [PMID: 37844548 DOI: 10.1159/000531866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The full spectrum of bacterial and fungal species in adult asthma and the effect of inhaled corticosteroid use is not well described. The aim was to collect mouthwash and induced sputum samples from newly diagnosed asthma patients in the pretreatment period and in chronic asthma patients while undergoing regular maintenance inhaled corticosteroid therapy, in order to demonstrate the bacterial and fungal microbiome profile. METHODS The study included 28 asthmatic patients on inhaler steroid therapy, 25 steroid-naive asthmatics, and 24 healthy controls. Genomic DNA was isolated from induced sputum and mouthwash samples. Analyses were performed using bacterial primers selected from the 16S rRNA region for the bacterial genome and "panfungal" primers selected from the 5.8S rRNA region for the fungal genome. RESULTS Dominant genera in mouthwash samples of steroid-naive asthmatics were Neisseria, Haemophilus, and Rothia. The oral microbiota of asthmatic patients on inhaler steroid treatment included Neisseria, Rothia, and Veillonella species. Abundant genera in induced sputum samples of steroid-naive asthma patients were Actinomyces, Granulicatella, Fusobacterium, Peptostreptococcus, and Atopobium. Sputum microbiota of asthma patients taking inhaler steroids were dominated by Prevotella and Porphyromonas. Mucor plumbeus and Malassezia restricta species were abundant in the airways of steroid-naive asthma patients. Choanephora infundibulifera and Malassezia restricta became dominant in asthma patients taking inhaled steroids. CONCLUSION The oral and airway microbiota consist of different bacterial and fungal communities in healthy and asthmatic patients. Inhaler steroid use may influence the composition of the oral and airway microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kıvılcım Oğuzülgen
- Department of Chest Diseases, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayse Bilge Öztürk
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Bacceoğlu
- Department of Immunology and Allergic Diseases, School of Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkkale, Turkey
| | - Ömür Aydın
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gözde Köycü Buhari
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Atatürk Sanatoryum Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ebru Damadoğlu
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Chest Diseases, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ferda Öner Erkekol
- Division of Immunology and Allergic Diseases, Department of Chest Diseases, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özlem Göksel
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Asthma, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gül Karakaya
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Chest Diseases, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Fuat Kalyoncu
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Chest Diseases, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Füsun Kalpaklıoğlu
- Department of Immunology and Allergic Diseases, School of Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkkale, Turkey
| | - Dilşad Mungan
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Haluk Türktaş
- Department of Chest Diseases, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Leyla Pur Özyiğit
- Adult Allergy Service, Glenfield Hospital, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Çağrı Ergin
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Merve Erdoğan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Sanko University School of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Kalkancı
- Medical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Goncalves B, Eze UA. Sputum induction and its diagnostic applications in inflammatory airway disorders: a review. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 4:1282782. [PMID: 37901763 PMCID: PMC10600502 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1282782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sputum induction is a technique that covers the induction and the subsequent processing of the expectorate primarily for the analysis of cells and different inflammatory biomarkers present in the airways to further understand the pathophysiology of different inflammatory respiratory disorders such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as well as the diagnosis of lung diseases such as lung cancer, tuberculosis, and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. It is a non-invasive, safe, cost-effective, and reliable technique reported to exhibit a high success rate. However, due to being technically demanding and time-consuming and having the need of employing trained staff, this technique is only used in restricted research centres and in limited centres of clinical use. When the sputum is collected after induction, the primary goal is to obtain a differential cell count and evaluate the molecular biomarkers of airway inflammation such as eosinophil cationic protein, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin, major basic protein, tryptase, cytokine production [e.g., interleukin (IL)-5], albumin, and fibrinogen. In addition, cytospins from the processed sputum are used for immunocytochemical staining of cellular products such as EG-2 reactive protein, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, tumour necrosis factor alpha, and IL-8 that play significant roles in understanding the pathophysiology of inflammatory airway diseases. Nowadays, this technique can be further used by performing an additional analysis such as flow cytometry and in situ hybridisation on the sputum supernatant to investigate more the immune response and pathophysiological process of such various respiratory diseases. In addition, the application of sputum fluid phase to assess the biomarkers could be used more routinely in pathological laboratories for diagnosing lung cancer, COPD, and asthma as well as for monitoring lung cancer progression and asthma and COPD treatment, allowing for early detection and a better treatment provided by the clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Goncalves
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Respiratory Sciences, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Ukpai A. Eze
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
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Gao J, Yi X, Wang Z. The application of multi-omics in the respiratory microbiome: Progresses, challenges and promises. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:4933-4943. [PMID: 37867968 PMCID: PMC10585227 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of the respiratory microbiome has entered a multi-omic era. Through integrating different omic data types such as metagenome, metatranscriptome, metaproteome, metabolome, culturome and radiome surveyed from respiratory specimens, holistic insights can be gained on the lung microbiome and its interaction with host immunity and inflammation in respiratory diseases. The power of multi-omics have moved the field forward from associative assessment of microbiome alterations to causative understanding of the lung microbiome in the pathogenesis of chronic, acute and other types of respiratory diseases. However, the application of multi-omics in respiratory microbiome remains with unique challenges from sample processing, data integration, and downstream validation. In this review, we first introduce the respiratory sample types and omic data types applicable to studying the respiratory microbiome. We next describe approaches for multi-omic integration, focusing on dimensionality reduction, multi-omic association and prediction. We then summarize progresses in the application of multi-omics to studying the microbiome in respiratory diseases. We finally discuss current challenges and share our thoughts on future promises in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Gao
- Institute of Ecological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xinzhu Yi
- Institute of Ecological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhang Wang
- Institute of Ecological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Morales-González F, Lira-Lucio JA, Falfán-Valencia R, Márquez-García JE, Abarca-Rojano E, Ramírez-Venegas A, Sansores RH, García-Gómez L, Hernández-Pérez A, Pérez-Rubio G. Characterization of the lung microbiome and inflammatory cytokine levels in women exposed to environmental risk factors: A pilot study. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e825. [PMID: 37102657 PMCID: PMC10108684 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lung microbiome dysbiosis affects the immune system balance and promotes lung inflammation. We aimed to characterize and compare the lung bacteriome composition and the cytokine profile in women with normal lung function exposed to risk factors for chronic lung diseases (tobacco smoking and biomass-burning smoke exposure). METHODS We included women with biomass-burning smoke exposure (BE, n = 11) and current smokers women (TS, n = 10). The bacteriome composition was performed in induced sputum, sequencing the 16 rRNA gene. Cytokine levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay multiplex assay in the supernatant of induced sputum. For quantitative variables, we used medians and minimum and maxim values. For the amplicon sequence variants (ASV) differential abundance testing between groups. RESULTS At the taxa level, the phylum Proteobacteria was found in a higher proportion in the TS group concerning BE (p = .045); however, after the false discovery rate adjustment, this difference was not retained (p = .288). We found a higher concentration of IL-1β in the TS group than in the BE group (248.6 vs. 177.9 pg/mL, p = .010). Women with high biomass-burning smoke exposure in an hour per day had a positive correlation with the abundance of Bacteroidota (ρ = 0.71, p = .014) and Fusobacteriota (ρ = 0.73, p = .011). FEV1/FVC had a positive correlation with an abundance of Bacteroidota, Proteobacteria, and Fusobacteria (ρ = 0.74, p = .009, ρ = 0.85, p = .001, and ρ = 0.83, p = .001, respectively). In tobacco smoking, women had a positive correlation (ρ = 0.77, p = .009) between cigarettes per day and Firmicutes' abundance. CONCLUSION Compared to biomass-burning smoke-exposed women, current smokers have poor lung function and high levels of IL-1β in sputum. Women with biomass-burning smoke exposure present an increased abundance of Bacteroidota and Fusobacteriota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Morales-González
- HLA Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan A Lira-Lucio
- HLA Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ramcés Falfán-Valencia
- HLA Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José E Márquez-García
- Subdirección de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edgar Abarca-Rojano
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Ramírez-Venegas
- Department of Tobacco Smoking and COPD Research, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Raúl H Sansores
- Clínica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Fundación Médica Sur, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leonor García-Gómez
- Department of Tobacco Smoking and COPD Research, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andrea Hernández-Pérez
- Department of Tobacco Smoking and COPD Research, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gloria Pérez-Rubio
- HLA Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
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Gram Stain and Culture of Sputum Samples Detect Only Few Pathogens in Community-Acquired Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13040628. [PMID: 36832116 PMCID: PMC9955084 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13040628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of the bacterial etiology of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) is crucial to ensure a narrow-spectrum, targeted antibiotic treatment. However, Gram stain and culture results are often difficult to interpret as they depend strongly on sputum sample quality. We aimed to investigate the diagnostic yield of Gram stain and culture from respiratory samples collected by tracheal suction and expiratory technique from adults admitted with suspected community-acquired LRTI (CA-LRTI). In this secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial, 177 (62%) samples were collected by tracheal suction, and 108 (38%) by expiratory technique. We detected few pathogenic microorganisms, and regardless of sputum quality, there were no significant differences between the sample types. Common pathogens of CA-LRTI were identified by culture in 19 (7%) samples, with a significant difference between patients with or without prior antibiotic treatment (p = 0.007). The clinical value of sputum Gram stain and culture in CA-LRTI is therefore questionable, especially in patients treated with antibiotics.
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Cottin S, Doyen V, Pilette C. Upper airway disease diagnosis as a predictive biomarker of therapeutic response to biologics in severe asthma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1129300. [PMID: 37035303 PMCID: PMC10073432 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1129300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease sharing airway instability but with different biology, risk factors, and response-to-therapy patterns. Biologics have revolutionized the one-size-fits-to-all approach to personalized medicine in severe asthma (SA), which relies on the identification of biomarkers that define distinct endotypes. Thus, blood eosinophils and, to some extent, exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) can predict the response to approved anti-type 2 (T2) biologics (anti-IgE, anti-IL-5, and anti-IL-4R alpha), whereas age at onset and comorbidities such as anxiety/depression, obesity, reflux, and upper airway disease (UAD) also influence therapeutic responses in SA. In this article, focusing on the predictive value of biomarkers for the therapeutic response to biologics in SA, we first summarize the level of prediction achieved by T2 biomarkers (blood eosinophils, FeNO) and then review whether data support the predictive value of upper airway diagnosis on such outcomes. Post hoc analysis of most studies with T2 biologics suggests that chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and, to a lower extent, allergic rhinitis may help in predicting clinical response. Considering that T2 biologics are now also approved for the treatment of severe CRSwNP, diagnosis of upper airway disease is a key step in determining eligibility for such therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Cottin
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Virginie Doyen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire UCL Namur, Université catholique de Louvain, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Charles Pilette
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
- Pole of Pulmonology, ENT and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Cliniqal Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Charles Pilette
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Hanibuchi M, Mitsuhashi A, Saijo A, Kajimoto T, Sato S, Kitagawa T, Nishioka Y. A case of atopic cough with aphonia showed a prominent response to a histamine H 1 receptor antagonist. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2023; 70:281-284. [PMID: 37164735 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.70.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A 33-year-old woman admitted to our hospital for further examination of severe non-productive cough lasting for about two months. Her symptom did not ameliorate by treatments including long acting β2 agonists. She had a medical history of drug allergy to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. At the initial visit, she could not speak at all and communicated with us in writing. Chest auscultation revealed no wheezes, rhonchi and other crackles. Laboratory findings showed a mild eosinophilia with normal total and specific serum immunoglobulin E. The results of an electrocardiogram, a chest X-ray and a chest CT were unremarkable. A fractional exhaled nitric oxide value was within normal limit. Based on these observations, a diagnosis of atopic cough (AC) was suspected, and we started treatment with a histamine H1 receptor antagonist (H1-RA). She had become able to speak again in association with complete disappearance of cough by eight-weeks after treatment initiation, and her symptoms did not recur even after cessation of treatment. By the confirmation of remarkable clinical improvement in response to a H1-RA, a diagnosis of AC was made. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an AC patient who presented severe cough with aphonia. J. Med. Invest. 70 : 281-284, February, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Hanibuchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shikoku Central Hospital of the Mutual aid Association of Public School teachers, Shikoku-Chuo, Japan
- Department of Community Medicine for Respirology, Hematology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Atsushi Mitsuhashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Atsuro Saijo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shikoku Central Hospital of the Mutual aid Association of Public School teachers, Shikoku-Chuo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kajimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shikoku Central Hospital of the Mutual aid Association of Public School teachers, Shikoku-Chuo, Japan
| | - Seidai Sato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kitagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shikoku Central Hospital of the Mutual aid Association of Public School teachers, Shikoku-Chuo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Nishioka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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Chen M, Xu K, He Y, Jin J, Mao R, Gao L, Zhang Y, Wang G, Gao P, Xie M, Liu C, Chen Z. CC16 as an Inflammatory Biomarker in Induced Sputum Reflects Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Severity. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2023; 18:705-717. [PMID: 37139166 PMCID: PMC10150740 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s400999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The progression of an abnormal inflammatory response plays a crucial role in the lung function decline of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Compared to serum biomarkers, inflammatory biomarkers in induced sputum would be a more reliable reflection of inflammatory processes in the airways. Patients and Methods A total of 102 COPD participants were divided into a mild-to-moderate group (FEV1%pred≥ 50%, n=57) and a severe-to-very-severe group (FEV1%pred<50%, n=45). We measured a series of inflammatory biomarkers in induced sputum and analyzed their association with lung function and SGRQ in COPD patients. To evaluate the relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and the inflammatory phenotype, we also analyzed the correlation between biomarkers and airway eosinophilic phenotype. Results We found increased mRNA levels of MMP9, LTB4R, and A1AR and decreased levels of CC16 mRNA in induced sputum in the severe-to-very-severe group. After adjustment for age, sex and other biomarkers, CC16 mRNA expression was positively associated with FEV1%pred (r=0.516, p=0.004) and negatively correlated with SGRQ scores (r=-0.3538, p=0.043). As previously known, decreased CC16 was related to the migration and aggregation of eosinophils in airway. It was also found that CC16 had a moderate negative correlation with the eosinophilic inflammation in airway (r=-0.363, p=0.045) in our COPD patients. Conclusion Low CC16 mRNA expression levels in induced sputum were associated with low FEV1%pred and a high SGRQ score in COPD patients. Sputum CC16 as a potential biomarker for predicting COPD severity in clinical practice might attribute to the involvement of CC16 in airway eosinophilic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Respiratory Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kan Xu
- Geriatric Department of Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Respiratory Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuting He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Respiratory Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Jin
- Research Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruolin Mao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Respiratory Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Respiratory Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Air Liquide Holding Co., Ltd, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Xie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical 10 College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunfang Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Chunfang Liu, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 12# Wlmq Road, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Zhihong Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Respiratory Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zhihong Chen, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Zhongshan Hospital, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-21-64041990-2445, Fax +86-21-64187165, Email
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11
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Using induced sputum method in clinical practice in patients with bronchial asthma. ACTA BIOMEDICA SCIENTIFICA 2022. [DOI: 10.29413/abs.2022-7.5-2.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents an overview of modern statements of the induced sputum method; detailed description of the methods and protocols for taking sputum in adults and children, methods for processing the obtained substance. The paper describes in detail the features of the cellular composition of induced sputum in healthy individuals and in patients with bronchial asthma, emphasizes the importance of the eosinophilia level as a prognostic and diagnostic criterion of asthma and also determines the functions of other induced sputum cells such as neutrophils, macrophages, basophils. The article is illustrated with photographs of sputum microscopy. In addition to sputum cytology, we give accent to the possibility of using other research methods such as an identification of viral and bacterial pathogens, genomics, proteomics, lipidomics, metabolomics, determination of the concentration of various mediators in the sputum supernatant. The paper presents the ideas on biochemical inflammatory markers and remodelling of the respiratory tract in asthma, which can be determined in sputum (C3a anaphylatoxin, clusterin, periostin, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin, folliculin). In addition, we summarize the information on inflammatory phenotypes of bronchial asthma, emphasize their variability and modification depending on the period of the disease, prescribed treatment, intercurrent respiratory infections, and smoking. The article also presents detailed characteristics of eosinophilic, neutrophilic, mixed and small granulocyte phenotypes of bronchial asthma, and describes the most frequent correlations of phenotypes with the severity and course of the disease, with lung function parameters and other indicators. The paper gives an account of the possibilities of using the induced sputum method for a comprehensive assessment of the course, asthma controllability and the effectiveness of drug therapy, as well as for a personalized selection of an antiinflammatory drug considering the inflammatory phenotype.
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12
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Cartuliares MB, Rosenvinge FS, Mogensen CB, Skovsted TA, Andersen SL, Pedersen AK, Skjøt-Arkil H. Expiratory Technique versus Tracheal Suction to Obtain Good-Quality Sputum from Patients with Suspected Lower Respiratory Tract Infection: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12102504. [PMID: 36292193 PMCID: PMC9600387 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12102504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiological diagnostics of good-quality sputum samples are fundamental for infection control and targeted treatment of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). This study aims to compare the expiratory technique and tracheal suction on the quality of sputa from adults acutely hospitalized with suspected LRTI. We performed an open-label, randomized controlled trial. Patients were randomized to sputum sampling by tracheal suction (standard care) or the expiratory technique. The primary outcome was quality of sputum evaluated by microscopy and was analysed in the intention-to-treat population. The secondary outcomes were adverse events and patients experience. In total, 280 patients were assigned to tracheal suction (n = 141, 50.4%) or the expiratory technique (n = 139, 49.6%). Sputum samples were collected from 122 (86.5%) patients with tracheal suction and 67 (48.2%) patients with expiratory technique. Good-quality sputa were obtained more often with tracheal suction than with expiratory technique (odds ratio 1.83 [95% CI 1.05 to 3.19]; p = 0.035). There was no statistical difference in adverse events (IRR 1.21 [95% CI, 0.94 to 1.66]; p = 0.136), but patient experience was better in the expiratory technique group (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, tracheal suction should be considered a routine procedure in emergency departments for patients with suspected LRTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana B. Cartuliares
- Emergency Department, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 6200 Aabenraa, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 6200 Aabenraa, Denmark
- Correspondence:
| | - Flemming S. Rosenvinge
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Research Unit of Clinical Microbiology, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Christian B. Mogensen
- Emergency Department, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 6200 Aabenraa, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 6200 Aabenraa, Denmark
| | - Thor A. Skovsted
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 6200 Aabenraa, Denmark
| | - Steen L. Andersen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 6200 Aabenraa, Denmark
| | - Andreas K. Pedersen
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 6200 Aabenraa, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 6200 Aabenraa, Denmark
| | - Helene Skjøt-Arkil
- Emergency Department, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 6200 Aabenraa, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 6200 Aabenraa, Denmark
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Guida G, Bagnasco D, Carriero V, Bertolini F, Ricciardolo FLM, Nicola S, Brussino L, Nappi E, Paoletti G, Canonica GW, Heffler E. Critical evaluation of asthma biomarkers in clinical practice. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:969243. [PMID: 36300189 PMCID: PMC9588982 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.969243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of personalized medicine has revolutionized the whole approach to the management of asthma, representing the essential basis for future developments. The cornerstones of personalized medicine are the highest precision in diagnosis, individualized prediction of disease evolution, and patient-tailored treatment. To this aim, enormous efforts have been established to discover biomarkers able to predict patients' phenotypes according to clinical, functional, and bio-humoral traits. Biomarkers are objectively measured characteristics used as indicators of biological or pathogenic processes or clinical responses to specific therapeutic interventions. The diagnosis of type-2 asthma, prediction of response to type-2 targeted treatments, and evaluation of the risk of exacerbation and lung function impairment have been associated with biomarkers detectable either in peripheral blood or in airway samples. The surrogate nature of serum biomarkers, set up to be less invasive than sputum analysis or bronchial biopsies, has shown several limits concerning their clinical applicability. Routinely used biomarkers, like peripheral eosinophilia, total IgE, or exhaled nitric oxide, result, even when combined, to be not completely satisfactory in segregating different type-2 asthma phenotypes, particularly in the context of severe asthma where the choice among different biologics is compelling. Moreover, the type-2 low fraction of patients is not only an orphan of biological treatments but is at risk of being misdiagnosed due to the low negative predictive value of type-2 high biomarkers. Sputum inflammatory cell analysis, considered the highest specific biomarker in discriminating eosinophilic inflammation in asthma, and therefore elected as the gold standard in clinical trials and research models, demonstrated many limits in clinical applicability. Many factors may influence the measure of these biomarkers, such as corticosteroid intake, comorbidities, and environmental exposures or habits. Not least, biomarkers variability over time is a confounding factor leading to wrong clinical choices. In this narrative review, we try to explore many aspects concerning the role of routinely used biomarkers in asthma, applying a critical view over the "state of the art" and contemporarily offering an overview of the most recent evidence in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Guida
- Severe Asthma and Rare Lung Disease Unit, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Diego Bagnasco
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Vitina Carriero
- Severe Asthma and Rare Lung Disease Unit, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Bertolini
- Severe Asthma and Rare Lung Disease Unit, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Fabio Luigi Massimo Ricciardolo
- Severe Asthma and Rare Lung Disease Unit, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefania Nicola
- Allergy and Immunology, AO Mauriziano Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luisa Brussino
- Allergy and Immunology, AO Mauriziano Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Emanuele Nappi
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Paoletti
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Walter Canonica
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Heffler
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
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Lee HW, Baek MG, Choi S, Ahn YH, Bang JY, Sohn KH, Kang MG, Jung JW, Choi JH, Cho SH, Yi H, Kang HR. Peripheral blood transcriptomic clusters uncovered immune phenotypes of asthma. Respir Res 2022; 23:237. [PMID: 36076228 PMCID: PMC9461267 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02156-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcriptomic analysis has been used to elucidate the complex pathogenesis of heterogeneous disease and may also contribute to identify potential therapeutic targets by delineating the hub genes. This study aimed to investigate whether blood transcriptomic clustering can distinguish clinical and immune phenotypes of asthmatics, and microbiome in asthmatics. METHODS Transcriptomic expression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 47 asthmatics and 21 non-asthmatics was measured using RNA sequencing. A hierarchical clustering algorithm was used to classify asthmatics. Differentially expressed genes, clinical phenotypes, immune phenotypes, and microbiome of each transcriptomic cluster were assessed. RESULTS In asthmatics, three distinct transcriptomic clusters with numerously different transcriptomic expressions were identified. The proportion of severe asthmatics was highest in cluster 3 as 73.3%, followed by cluster 2 (45.5%) and cluster 1 (28.6%). While cluster 1 represented clinically non-severe T2 asthma, cluster 3 tended to include severe non-T2 asthma. Cluster 2 had features of both T2 and non-T2 asthmatics characterized by the highest serum IgE level and neutrophil-dominant sputum cell population. Compared to non-asthmatics, cluster 1 showed higher CCL23 and IL1RL1 expression while the expression of TREML4 was suppressed in cluster 3. CTSD and ALDH2 showed a significant positive linear relationship across three clusters in the order of cluster 1 to 3. No significant differences in the diversities of lung and gut microbiomes were observed among transcriptomic clusters of asthmatics and non-asthmatics. However, our study has limitations in that small sample size data were analyzed with unmeasured confounding factors and causal relationships or function pathways were not verified. CONCLUSIONS Genetic clustering based on the blood transcriptome may provide novel immunological insight, which can be biomarkers of asthma immune phenotypes. Trial registration Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Woo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Gyung Baek
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungmi Choi
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Hae Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-744, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Bang
- Department of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Hee Sohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Gyu Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hee Choi
- Department of Pulmonology and Allergy, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-744, Korea.,Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hana Yi
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, Korea. .,School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
| | - Hye-Ryun Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-744, Korea. .,Department of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. .,Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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15
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Yi X, Gao J, Wang Z. The human lung microbiome-A hidden link between microbes and human health and diseases. IMETA 2022; 1:e33. [PMID: 38868714 PMCID: PMC10989958 DOI: 10.1002/imt2.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Once thought to be sterile, the human lung is now well recognized to harbor a consortium of microorganisms collectively known as the lung microbiome. The lung microbiome is altered in an array of lung diseases, including chronic lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and bronchiectasis, acute lung diseases caused by pneumonia, sepsis, and COVID-19, and other lung complications such as those related to lung transplantation, lung cancer, and human immunodeficiency virus. The effects of lung microbiome in modulating host immunity and inflammation in the lung and distal organs are being elucidated. However, the precise mechanism by which members of microbiota produce structural ligands that interact with host genes and pathways remains largely uncharacterized. Multiple unique challenges, both technically and biologically, exist in the field of lung microbiome, necessitating the development of tailored experimental and analytical approaches to overcome the bottlenecks. In this review, we first provide an overview of the principles and methodologies in studying the lung microbiome. We next review current knowledge of the roles of lung microbiome in human diseases, highlighting mechanistic insights. We finally discuss critical challenges in the field and share our thoughts on broad topics for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhu Yi
- Institute of Ecological Sciences, School of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Jingyuan Gao
- Institute of Ecological Sciences, School of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Zhang Wang
- Institute of Ecological Sciences, School of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
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16
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Hoshino Y, Soma T, Uchida Y, Shiko Y, Nakagome K, Nagata M. Treatment Resistance in Severe Asthma Patients With a Combination of High Fraction of Exhaled Nitric Oxide and Low Blood Eosinophil Counts. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:836635. [PMID: 35517829 PMCID: PMC9065285 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.836635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Combining a fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and blood eosinophil count (B-EOS) may be a useful strategy for administration of biologics such as anti-IgE or anti-IL-5 to patients with type 2 inflammatory-predominant severe asthma and is important to be elucidated considering the increasing use of biologics. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed the clinical data from 114 adult patients with severe asthma, who were treated at Saitama Medical University Hospital. The eligible patients were stratified into four subgroups defined by thresholds of FeNO and blood eosinophil (B-EOS) counts to detect sputum eosinophilia, using the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. A total of 75 patients with optimal samples were stratified into four subtypes defined by thresholds of sputum eosinophilia and neutrophilia. Clinical characteristics, pattern of biologics, and distribution of sputum subtypes were analyzed in the stratified subclasses according to the FeNO and B-EOS thresholds. The asthma exacerbation (AE)-free time of the FeNO/B-EOS subgroups and any biologics treatment including anti-IgE or anti-IL-5 use were examined using the Kaplan–Meier method. The hazard ratios (HRs) for AE-free time were examined using the Cox proportional hazard model. Results: The optimal cutoff values for prediction of sputum eosinophilia were defined as ≥2.7% wherein for FeNO as ≥27 ppb and B-EOS as ≥265/µL were considered. The high-FeNO subgroups showed significant high total IgE, compared with the low FeNO. The high-FeNO/high-B-EOS and the high-FeNO/low-B-EOS subgroups showed the largest prevalence of mepolizumab and benralizumab use among the other FeNO/B-EOS, respectively. The high-FeNO/low-B-EOS showed the largest frequency of AEs, high HR, and the shortest AE-free time, among the other FeNO/B-EOS. The sputum eosinophil-predominant subtype was the great majority in the high FeNO/high B-EOS. A diverse distribution of sputum leukocyte-predominant subtype was observed in the other FeNO/B-EOS. The subsequent AE-free time and its HR were comparable among the biologics use groups. Conclusion: The strategy of classifying severe asthma based on the combination of FeNO and B-EOS proposes particular refractory type 2 severe asthma and underlying airway inflammation as a feasible trait for optimal biologics use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hoshino
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
- Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Soma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
- Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Tomoyuki Soma,
| | - Yoshitaka Uchida
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
- Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuki Shiko
- Research Administration Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Nakagome
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
- Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Makoto Nagata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
- Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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The Immune Mechanisms of Severe Equine Asthma-Current Understanding and What Is Missing. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12060744. [PMID: 35327141 PMCID: PMC8944511 DOI: 10.3390/ani12060744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe equine asthma is a chronic respiratory disease of adult horses, occurring when genetically susceptible individuals are exposed to environmental aeroallergens. This results in airway inflammation, mucus accumulation and bronchial constriction. Although several studies aimed at evaluating the genetic and immune pathways associated with the disease, the results reported are inconsistent. Furthermore, the complexity and heterogeneity of this disease bears great similarity to what is described for human asthma. Currently available studies identified two chromosome regions (ECA13 and ECA15) and several genes associated with the disease. The inflammatory response appears to be mediated by T helper cells (Th1, Th2, Th17) and neutrophilic inflammation significantly contributes to the persistence of airway inflammatory status. This review evaluates the reported findings pertaining to the genetical and immunological background of severe equine asthma and reflects on their implications in the pathophysiology of the disease whilst discussing further areas of research interest aiming at advancing treatment and prognosis of affected individuals.
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18
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Performance of a Real Time PCR for Pneumocystis jirovecii Identification in Induced Sputum of AIDS Patients: Differentiation between Pneumonia and Colonization. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8030222. [PMID: 35330224 PMCID: PMC8950466 DOI: 10.3390/jof8030222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PcP) remains an important cause of morbimortality worldwide and a diagnostic challenge. Conventional methods have low accuracy, hardly discriminating colonization from infection, while some new high-cost or broncho-alveolar lavage-based methods have limited usefulness in developing countries. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) tests may overcome these limitations due to their high accuracy, possibility of automation, and decreasing cost. We evaluated an in-house qPCR targeting the fungus mtSSU gene using induced sputum. Sensitivity of the assay (ten target gene copies/assay) was determined using recombinant plasmids. We prospectively studied 86 AIDS patients with subacute respiratory symptoms in whom PcP was suspected. qPCR results were determined as quantification cycles (Cq) and compared with a qualitative PCR performed in the same IS, serum 1,3-β-D-Glucan assay, and a clinical/laboratory/radiology index for PcP. The qPCR clustered the patients in three groups: 32 with Cq ≤ 31 (qPCR+), 45 with Cq ≥ 33 (qPCR-), and nine with Cq between 31-33 (intermediary), which, combined with the other three analyses, enabled us to classify the groups as having PcP, not P. jirovecii-infected, and P. jirovecii-colonized, respectively. This molecular assay may contribute to improve PcP management, avoiding unnecessary treatments, and our knowledge of the natural history of this infection.
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Rybka-Fraczek A, Dabrowska M, Grabczak EM, Bialek-Gosk K, Klimowicz K, Truba O, Nejman-Gryz P, Paplinska-Goryca M, Krenke R. Inflammatory Phenotypes of Cough Variant Asthma as Response Predictors to Anti-Asthmatic Therapy. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:595-602. [PMID: 35115807 PMCID: PMC8801361 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s343411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Eosinophilic inflammatory phenotype was thought to be the most common phenotype of cough variant asthma (CVA), nevertheless other phenotypes were also reported. Purpose The study aimed to analyze the inflammatory phenotypes of CVA in relation to treatment response to the stepwise anti-asthmatic treatment. Patients and Methods The study included 45 patients with chronic cough (CC) and suspicion of CVA (normal chest X-ray, presence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness and no history of wheezing or dyspnea) in whom induced sputum was successfully collected. Based on the cellular composition of the sputum, patients were divided into major inflammatory phenotypes: eosinophilic, neutrophilic, paucigranulocytic or mixed granulocytic. A stepwise treatment, including inhaled corticosteroids with long-acting β2-agonist, montelukast and short-term therapy with prednisone was initiated. Good treatment response was defined as the reduction in cough severity at least 20 mm from the baseline in visual analogue scale and improvement in cough-related quality of life assessed by the Leicester cough questionnaire at least 1.3 points after any of three steps. Results Finally, 40/45 (88.9%) patients improved after therapy. Eosinophilic asthma was found in 13/40 (32.5%) patients, neutrophilic in 6/40 (15.0%) and paucigranulocytic pattern in 21/40 (52.5%) patients. No one demonstrated a mixed granulocytic phenotype. The response to the treatment was similar in all groups. However, the reduction in cough severity was inversely related to the percentage of sputum neutrophils (r = −0.44, P = 0.003). We showed that the percentage of neutrophils in sputum >46% may be considered as a predictor of poor response to anti-asthmatic therapy. Conclusion The diversity of inflammatory phenotypes with paucigranulocytic preponderance was found in subjects with CVA. The response to anti-asthmatic treatment in patients with CVA was not related to the inflammatory phenotype. High neutrophil count in sputum may predict poor response to anti-asthmatic therapy in patients with CC and bronchial hyperresponsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Rybka-Fraczek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Dabrowska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: Marta Dabrowska, Tel +48 22 599 2599, Fax +48 22 599 1069, Email
| | - Elzbieta M Grabczak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bialek-Gosk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Klimowicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Truba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patrycja Nejman-Gryz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Paplinska-Goryca
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafal Krenke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Schnell A, Davrandi M, Saxenhofer M, Leboreiro C, Graeter S, Moreira F, Hauswald M, Witte C, Irincheeva I, Feussner A, Vonarburg C, Schulze I, Schaub A, Burns SO, Lowe DM. Airway inflammation and dysbiosis in antibody deficiency despite the presence of IgG. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 149:2105-2115.e10. [PMID: 34968528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.12.778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with antibody deficiency suffer chronic respiratory symptoms, recurrent exacerbations and progressive airways disease despite systemic replacement of Immunoglobulin G. Little is known about the respiratory tract biology of these patients. OBJECTIVE To measure immunoglobulin levels, inflammatory cytokines and mediators of tissue damage in serum and sputum from patients with antibody deficiency and healthy controls; to analyse the respiratory microbiome in the same cohorts. METHODS We obtained paired sputum and serum samples from 31 immunocompetent subjects and 67 antibody deficient patients, the latter divided on computed tomography scan appearance into 'abnormal airways' (bronchiectasis or airway thickening) or 'normal airways'. We measured inflammatory cytokines, immunoglobulin levels, neutrophil elastase, matrix-metalloproteinase-9, urea, albumin and total protein levels using standard assays. We employed V3-V4 region 16S sequencing for microbiome analysis. RESULTS Immunodeficient patients had markedly reduced Immunoglobulin A in sputum but higher concentrations of Immunoglobulin G compared to healthy controls. Inflammatory cytokines and tissue damage markers were higher in immunodeficient patients, who also exhibited dysbiosis with over-representation of pathogenic taxa and significantly reduced alpha diversity compared to immunocompetent individuals. These differences were seen regardless of airway morphology. Sputum matrix metalloproteinase-9 and elastase correlated inversely with alpha diversity in the antibody deficient group, as did sputum Immunoglobulin G, which correlated positively with several inflammatory markers, even after correction for albumin levels. CONCLUSION Patients with antibody deficiency, even with normal lung imaging, exhibit inflammation and dysbiosis in their airways despite higher levels of Immunoglobulin G compared to healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Schnell
- CSL Behring, Research Europe, Bern, Switzerland; CSL Behring, Research Europe, Marburg, Germany
| | - Mehmet Davrandi
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Moritz Saxenhofer
- CSL Behring, Research Europe, Bern, Switzerland; CSL Behring, Research Europe, Marburg, Germany
| | - Clara Leboreiro
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefanie Graeter
- CSL Behring, Research Europe, Bern, Switzerland; CSL Behring, Research Europe, Marburg, Germany
| | - Fernando Moreira
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Hauswald
- CSL Behring, Research Europe, Bern, Switzerland; CSL Behring, Research Europe, Marburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Witte
- CSL Behring, Research Europe, Bern, Switzerland; CSL Behring, Research Europe, Marburg, Germany
| | - Irina Irincheeva
- CSL Behring, Research Europe, Bern, Switzerland; CSL Behring, Research Europe, Marburg, Germany
| | - Annette Feussner
- CSL Behring, Research Europe, Bern, Switzerland; CSL Behring, Research Europe, Marburg, Germany
| | - Cedric Vonarburg
- CSL Behring, Research Europe, Bern, Switzerland; CSL Behring, Research Europe, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ilka Schulze
- CSL Behring, Research Europe, Bern, Switzerland; CSL Behring, Research Europe, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Schaub
- CSL Behring, Research Europe, Bern, Switzerland; CSL Behring, Research Europe, Marburg, Germany
| | - Siobhan O Burns
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - David M Lowe
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
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21
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Cartuliares MB, Skjøt-Arkil H, Rosenvinge FS, Mogensen CB, Skovsted TA, Pedersen AK. Effectiveness of expiratory technique and induced sputum in obtaining good quality sputum from patients acutely hospitalized with suspected lower respiratory tract infection: a statistical analysis plan for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2021; 22:675. [PMID: 34600559 PMCID: PMC8487344 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05639-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Targeted antimicrobial treatment is essential to avoid unnecessary use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance. Targeted treatment relies on a precise microbiological diagnosis — in pneumonia, this poses a challenge as the usefulness of Gram stains and cultures is highly dependent on the quality of the sputum sample. This study aims to examine adverse effects and quality of sputum samples obtained by expiratory techniques (forced expiratory technique and sputum induction) compared with tracheal suction. The hypothesis is that expiratory techniques are non-inferior to tracheal suction in obtaining samples from the lower respiratory tract. This statistical analysis plan (SAP) describes the study design, method, and data analysis of the trial to increase transparency, avoid reporting bias or data-driven analysis and increase the study’s reproducibility. Method The design is a pragmatic, non-inferiority, parallel-arm randomized controlled trial including 280 patients admitted with suspected lower respiratory infection to two emergency departments. Patients are randomized to a usual care group, where sputum samples are collected by tracheal suction or to an intervention group where sputum samples are collected by forced expiratory technique and sputum induction. The statistical analysis will follow an intention-to-treat protocol. This SAP is developed and submitted before the end of recruitment, database closure, and statistical analyses. Discussion The results of this study will provide valuable knowledge to clinical practice by comparing adverse effects and sputum sample quality associated with different sample methods. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04595526. Submitted on October 19, 2020 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13063-021-05639-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Bichuette Cartuliares
- Emergency Department, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Kresten Philipsens vej 15, 6200, Aabenraa, Denmark. .,Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Aabenraa, Denmark.
| | - Helene Skjøt-Arkil
- Emergency Department, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Kresten Philipsens vej 15, 6200, Aabenraa, Denmark.,Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Aabenraa, Denmark
| | | | - Christian Backer Mogensen
- Emergency Department, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Kresten Philipsens vej 15, 6200, Aabenraa, Denmark.,Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Aabenraa, Denmark
| | - Thor Aage Skovsted
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Kresten Philipsens vej 15, 6200, Aabenraa, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kristian Pedersen
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Aabenraa, Denmark.,Department of Research and Learning, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Kresten Philipsens vej 15, 6200, Aabenraa, Denmark
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22
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Rybka-Fraczek A, Dabrowska M, Grabczak EM, Bialek-Gosk K, Klimowicz K, Truba O, Krenke R. Does bronchial hyperresponsiveness predict a diagnosis of cough variant asthma in adults with chronic cough: a cohort study. Respir Res 2021; 22:252. [PMID: 34556106 PMCID: PMC8461979 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01845-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness is a typical, but non-specific feature of cough variant asthma (CVA). This study aimed to determine whether bronchial hyperresponsiveness may be considered as a predictor of CVA in non-smoking adults with chronic cough (CC). The study included 55 patients with CC and bronchial hyperresponsiveness confirmed in the methacholine provocation test, in whom an anti-asthmatic, gradually intensified treatment was introduced. The diagnosis of CVA was established if the improvement in cough severity and cough-related quality of life in LCQ were noted.The study showed a high positive predictive value of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in this population. Cough severity and cough related quality of life were not related to the severity of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in CVA patients. A poor treatment outcome was related to a low baseline capsaicin threshold and the occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux-related symptoms. In conclusion, bronchial hyperresponsiveness could be considered as a predictor of cough variant asthma in non-smoking adults with CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Rybka-Fraczek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1A, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Dabrowska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1A, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Elzbieta M Grabczak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1A, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bialek-Gosk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1A, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Klimowicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1A, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Truba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1A, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafal Krenke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1A, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
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23
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Ricci F, Bassi M, McGeough CM, Jellema GL, Govoni M. A Novel Processing-Free Method for RNAseq Analysis of Spontaneous Sputum in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:704969. [PMID: 34489698 PMCID: PMC8417251 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.704969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Assessments of airways inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) require semi-invasive procedures and specialized sample processing know-how. In this study we aimed to set up and validate a novel non-invasive processing-free method for RNA sequencing (RNAseq) of spontaneous sputum samples collected from COPD patients. Methods: Spontaneous sputum samples were collected and stabilized, with or without selection of plugs and with or without the use of a stabilizer specifically formulated for downstream diagnostic testing (PrimeStore® Molecular Transport Medium). After 8 days storage at ambient temperature RNA was isolated according to an optimized RNAzol® method. An average percentage of fragments longer than 200 nucleotides (DV200) >30% and an individual yield >50 ng were required for progression of samples to sequencing. Finally, to assess if the transcriptome generated would reflect a true endotype of COPD inflammation, the outcome of single-sample gene-set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was validated using an independent set of processed induced sputum samples. Results: RNA extracted from spontaneous sputum using a stabilizer showed an average DV200 higher than 30%. 70% of the samples had a yield >50 ng and were submitted to downstream analysis. There was a straightforward correlation in terms of gene expression between samples handled with or without separation of plugs. This was also confirmed by principal component analysis and ssGSEA. The top ten enriched pathways resulting from spontaneous sputum ssGSEA were associated to features of COPD, namely, inflammation, immune responses and oxidative stress; up to 70% of these were in common within the top ten enriched pathways resulting from induced sputum ssGSEA. Conclusion: This analysis confirmed that the typical COPD endotype was represented within spontaneous sputum and supported the current method as a non-invasive processing-free procedure to assess the level of sputum cell inflammation in COPD patients by RNAseq analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ricci
- Global Clinical Development, Personalised Medicine and Biomarkers, Chiesi, Parma, Italy
| | - Michele Bassi
- Global Clinical Development, Personalised Medicine and Biomarkers, Chiesi, Parma, Italy
| | - Cathy M McGeough
- Almac Diagnostic Services, Craigavon, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Gera L Jellema
- Almac Diagnostic Services, Craigavon, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Mirco Govoni
- Global Clinical Development, Personalised Medicine and Biomarkers, Chiesi, Parma, Italy
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24
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Campisi M, Liviero F, Maestrelli P, Guarnieri G, Pavanello S. DNA Methylation-Based Age Prediction and Telomere Length Reveal an Accelerated Aging in Induced Sputum Cells Compared to Blood Leukocytes: A Pilot Study in COPD Patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:690312. [PMID: 34368190 PMCID: PMC8342924 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.690312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the predominant risk factor for most degenerative diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This process is however very heterogeneous. Defining the biological aging of individual tissues may contribute to better assess this risky process. In this study, we examined the biological age of induced sputum (IS) cells, and peripheral blood leukocytes in the same subject, and compared these to assess whether biological aging of blood leukocytes mirrors that of IS cells. Biological aging was assessed in 18 COPD patients (72.4 ± 7.7 years; 50% males). We explored mitotic and non-mitotic aging pathways, using telomere length (TL) and DNA methylation-based age prediction (DNAmAge) and age acceleration (AgeAcc) (i.e., difference between DNAmAge and chronological age). Data on demographics, life style and occupational exposure, lung function, and clinical and blood parameters were collected. DNAmAge (67.4 ± 5.80 vs. 61.6 ± 5.40 years; p = 0.0003), AgeAcc (-4.5 ± 5.02 vs. -10.8 ± 3.50 years; p = 0.0003), and TL attrition (1.05 ± 0.35 vs. 1.48 ± 0.21 T/S; p = 0.0341) are higher in IS cells than in blood leukocytes in the same patients. Blood leukocytes DNAmAge (r = 0.927245; p = 0.0026) and AgeAcc (r = 0.916445; p = 0.0037), but not TL, highly correlate with that of IS cells. Multiple regression analysis shows that both blood leukocytes DNAmAge and AgeAcc decrease (i.e., younger) in patients with FEV1% enhancement (p = 0.0254 and p = 0.0296) and combined inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) therapy (p = 0.0494 and p = 0.0553). In conclusion, new findings from our work reveal a differential aging in the context of COPD, by a direct quantitative comparison of cell aging in the airway with that in the more accessible peripheral blood leukocytes, providing additional knowledge which could offer a potential translation into the disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Campisi
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Filippo Liviero
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Piero Maestrelli
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Gabriella Guarnieri
- Respiratory Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Sofia Pavanello
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
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25
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Abdo M, Trinkmann F, Kirsten AM, Biller H, Pedersen F, Waschki B, Von Mutius E, Kopp M, Hansen G, Rabe KF, Bahmer T, Watz H. The Relevance of Small Airway Dysfunction in Asthma with Nocturnal Symptoms. J Asthma Allergy 2021; 14:897-905. [PMID: 34285516 PMCID: PMC8286106 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s313572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale Small airway dysfunction (SAD) is a frequent feature of asthma that has been linked to disease severity and poor symptom control. However, little is known about the role of SAD in nocturnal asthma. Objective To study the association between the severity of SAD and frequency of nocturnal symptoms compared to conventional lung function testing. Methods We assessed the frequency of self-reported nocturnal symptoms through the asthma control test. We studied the impact of nocturnal asthma using the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) and the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20). We assessed the lung function using spirometry, body plethysmography, impulse oscillometry, single and multiple inert gas washout and measured markers of T2-inflammation (blood and sputum eosinophils; fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNo)). We stratified the patients according to the presence and frequency of nocturnal asthma. Results A total of 166 asthma patients were enrolled in the analysis. Eighty-seven patients (52%) reported to have nocturnal symptoms at least once in the last four weeks. The odds ratio of nocturnal asthma correlated with the severity of all non-spirometric measures of SAD, yet neither with airflow obstruction (FEV1 and FEV/FVC) nor with large airway resistance (R20). Patients with frequent nocturnal asthma (n = 29) had a numerical increase of T2 markers and more severe SAD, as indicated by all non-spirometric measures of SAD (all p-values < 0.05), worse overall asthma control, increased fatigue and reduced quality of life (all p-values < 0.01) compared to patients with infrequent nocturnal asthma (n = 58) or patients without nocturnal asthma (n = 79). We identified 63 patients without airflow obstruction, nearly 43% of them (n = 27) had nocturnal asthma. In this subgroup, only markers of air trapping and ventilation heterogeneity were significantly elevated and correlated with the frequency of nocturnal symptoms: LCI (Spearman’s coefficient = −0.42, p < 0.001), RV% (−0.32, p = 0.02). Conclusion SAD is closely associated to asthma with nocturnal symptoms. Spirometry might underestimate the broad spectrum of distal lung function impairments in this population of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Abdo
- LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Frederik Trinkmann
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Heinrich-Lanz-Center, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne-Marie Kirsten
- Pulmonary Research Institute at the LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Heike Biller
- LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Frauke Pedersen
- LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany.,Pulmonary Research Institute at the LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Benjamin Waschki
- LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Erika Von Mutius
- Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), and Institute of Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Helmholtz Centre, Both Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Kopp
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Inselspital, University Children's Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Division of Pediatric Pneumology & Allergology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein-Campus Luebeck, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Luebeck, Germany
| | - Gesine Hansen
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Klaus F Rabe
- LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Bahmer
- LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany.,University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein-Campus Kiel, department for Internal Medicine I, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Kiel, Germany
| | - Henrik Watz
- Pulmonary Research Institute at the LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
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26
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Patel D, Dacanay KC, Pashley CH, Gaillard EA. Comparative Analysis of Clinical Parameters and Sputum Biomarkers in Establishing the Relevance of Filamentous Fungi in Cystic Fibrosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:605241. [PMID: 33553007 PMCID: PMC7862329 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.605241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between fungal culture (FC) positivity and airway inflammation in CF is largely unknown. Identifying the clinical significance of filamentous fungi in CF using both clinical parameters and biomarkers may change our antimicrobial therapeutic strategies. Objectives To investigate the clinical characteristics and airway biomarker profile in relation to the detection of filamentous fungi in respiratory samples obtained from CF patients. Methods A prospective cohort study over 24 months, including children and adults with CF. Participants provided sputum and/or bronchoalveolar lavage samples, which underwent processing for bacterial and fungal culture, leukocyte differential cell count and biomarker analysis for neutrophil elastase (NE), interleukin-8 (IL-8), galactomannan and tumor necrosis factor receptor type 2 (TNF-R2). We performed FC using neat sputum plugs, an approach shown to be more sensitive compared to routine laboratory testing. Results Sixty-one patients provided 76 respiratory samples (72 sputum and 4 BAL). Median age was 17 years (range 6 months-59 years). FC positivity was noted in 49% of the cohort. FC positivity was greater during pulmonary exacerbation compared to the stable state (67 versus 50%). Participants aged 5-30 years had a lower FEV1 within the FC positive group. A significant association between FC positivity and non-tuberculosis mycobacterial (NTM) culture was observed on non-parametric testing (p = 0.022) and regression analysis (p = 0.007). Exposure to indoor mold was a predictor for FC positivity (p = 0.047). There was a trend towards increased lung clearance index (LCI), bronchiectasis and intravenous antibiotic use in the FC positive group. There was no significant difference in biomarkers between FC positive and negative patients. Conclusion Aspergillus. fumigatus is the commonest filamentous fungi cultured from CF airways. We found no difference in the airway biomarker profile between FC positive and negative patients. The role of galactomannan and TNFR2 as fungal specific biomarkers in CF remains uncertain. FC positivity is associated with a lower FEV1 in younger patients, a lower LCI, NTM positivity, bronchiectasis, and intravenous antibiotic exposure. Larger trials are needed to determine the role of galactomannan and TNF-R2 as potential fungal biomarkers in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Patel
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.,Paediatric Respiratory Department, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Chester Dacanay
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.,Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Center, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine H Pashley
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.,Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Center, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Erol A Gaillard
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.,Paediatric Respiratory Department, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom.,Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Center, Leicester, United Kingdom
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27
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Pastor L, Vera E, Marin JM, Sanz-Rubio D. Extracellular Vesicles from Airway Secretions: New Insights in Lung Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020583. [PMID: 33430153 PMCID: PMC7827453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung diseases (LD) are one of the most common causes of death worldwide. Although it is known that chronic airway inflammation and excessive tissue repair are processes associated with LD such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), their specific pathways remain unclear. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous nanoscale membrane vesicles with an important role in cell-to-cell communication. EVs are present in general biofluids as plasma or urine but also in secretions of the airway as bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), induced sputum (IS), nasal lavage (NL) or pharyngeal lavage. Alterations of airway EV cargo could be crucial for understanding LD. Airway EVs have shown a role in the pathogenesis of some LD such as eosinophil increase in asthma, the promotion of lung cancer in vitro models in COPD and as biomarkers to distinguishing IPF in patients with diffuse lung diseases. In addition, they also have a promising future as therapeutics for LD. In this review, we focus on the importance of airway secretions in LD, the pivotal role of EVs from those secretions on their pathophysiology and their potential for biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pastor
- Translational Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IISAragón), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.P.); (E.V.); (J.M.M.)
| | - Elisabeth Vera
- Translational Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IISAragón), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.P.); (E.V.); (J.M.M.)
- Respiratory Service, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose M. Marin
- Translational Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IISAragón), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.P.); (E.V.); (J.M.M.)
- Respiratory Service, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERes), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Sanz-Rubio
- Translational Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IISAragón), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.P.); (E.V.); (J.M.M.)
- Correspondence:
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28
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Wei Q, Liao J, Jiang M, Liu J, Liang X, Nong G. Relationship between Th17-mediated immunity and airway inflammation in childhood neutrophilic asthma. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2021; 17:4. [PMID: 33407843 PMCID: PMC7789788 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-020-00504-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenetic mechanisms of neutrophilic asthma are not well understood now. Whether T helper (Th)17-mediated immunity contributes to the pathogenesis of neutrophilic asthma in human is still under investigation. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between Th17-mediated immunity and airway inflammation in childhood neutrophilic asthma. METHODS Twenty-eight children with exacerbated asthma and without using any glucocorticoids were divided into three groups: eosinophilic asthma (EA, n = 12) group, neutrophilic asthma (NA, n = 10) group and paucigranulocytic asthma (PGA, n = 6) group according to the induced sputum cytology. Ten healthy children were recruited as healthy control (HC, n = 10) group. Peripheral Th17 and Th2 cells, and the expression of Ki-67 in peripheral Th17 cells were detected by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was detected by qRT-PCR. The concentrations of IL-17, IL-8 and IL-5 in sputum, as well as IL-17 in plasma and culture supernatant of activated PBMCs were measured by ELISA. RESULTS The percentage of Th17 cells in peripheral Th cells, and the concentrations of IL-17, IL-8 in sputum, as well as IL-17 in culture supernatant of activated PBMCs were all increased in NA group, and positively correlated with neutrophil level in sputum and with each other. Also, the mRNA expression of RORγt in PBMCs and Ki-67 positivity in peripheral Th17 cells were both increased in NA group. The percentage of Th2 cells in peripheral Th cells, and the concentration of IL-5 in sputum were both increased in EA group, and positively correlated with eosinophil level in sputum and with each other. CONCLUSIONS Both Th17- and Th2-mediated immunity are involved in the pathogenesis of childhood asthma. There is predominance of Th17-mediated immunity and Th17 cells proliferation in childhood neutrophilic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jing Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiuan Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Guangmin Nong
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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The airways microbiome of individuals with asthma treated with high and low doses of inhaled corticosteroids. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244681. [PMID: 33378384 PMCID: PMC7773270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are the mainstay of asthma treatment, but evidence suggests a link between ICS usage and increased rates of respiratory infections. We assessed the composition of the asthmatic airways microbiome in asthma patients taking low and high dose ICS and the stability of the microbiome over a 2 week period. METHODS We prospectively recruited 55 individuals with asthma. Of these, 22 were on low-dose ICS and 33 on high-dose ICS (16 on budesonide, 17 on fluticasone propionate). Sputum from each subject underwent DNA extraction, amplification and 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the bacterial component of the microbiome. 19 subjects returned for further sputum induction after 24 h and 2 weeks. RESULTS A total of 5,615,037 sequencing reads revealed 167 bacterial taxa in the asthmatic airway samples, with the most abundant being Streptococcus spp. No significant differences in sputum bacterial load or overall community composition were seen between the low- and high-dose ICS groups. However, Streptococcus spp. showed significantly higher relative abundance in subjects taking low-dose ICS (p = 0.002). Haemophilus parainfluenzae was significantly more abundant in subjects on high-dose fluticasone propionate than those on high-dose budesonide (p = 0.047). There were no statistically significant changes in microbiota composition over a 2-week period. DISCUSSION Whilst no significant differences were observed between the low- and high-dose ICS groups, increased abundance of the potential pathogen H. parainfluenzae was observed in patients taking high-dose fluticasone propionate compared to those taking high-dose budesonide. The microbiota were stable over fourteen days, providing novel evidence of the established community of bacteria in the asthmatic airways. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02671773.
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Latorre M, Bacci E, Seccia V, Bartoli ML, Cardini C, Cianchetti S, Cristofani L, Di Franco A, Miccoli M, Puxeddu I, Celi A, Paggiaro P. Upper and lower airway inflammation in severe asthmatics: a guide for a precision biologic treatment. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2020; 14:1753466620965151. [PMID: 33263506 PMCID: PMC7716065 DOI: 10.1177/1753466620965151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: Severe asthma may require the prescription of one of the biologic drugs currently available, using surrogate markers of airway inflammation (serum IgE levels and allergic sensitization for anti-IgE, or blood eosinophils for anti-IL5/IL5R). Our objective: to assess upper and lower airway inflammation in severe asthmatics divided according to the eligibility criteria for one of the target biologic treatments. Methods: We selected 91 severe asthmatics, uncontrolled despite high-dose ICS-LABA, and followed for >6 months with optimization of asthma treatment. Patients underwent clinical, functional and biological assessment, including induced sputum and nasal cytology. They were then clustered according to the eligibility criteria for omalizumab or mepolizumab/benralizumab. Results: Four clusters were selected: A (eligible for omalizumab, n = 23), AB (both omalizumab and mepolizumab, n = 26), B (mepolizumab, n = 22) and C (non-eligible for both omalizumab and mepolizumab, n = 20). There was no difference among clusters for asthma control (Asthma Control Test and Asthma Control Questionnaire 7), pre-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s, serum IgE and fractional exhaled nitric oxide levels. Sputum eosinophils were numerically higher in clusters AB and B, in agreement with the higher levels of blood eosinophils. Allergic rhinitis was more frequent in clusters A and AB, while chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps prevalence increased progressively from A to C. Eosinophils in nasal cytology were higher in clusters AB, B and C. Conclusion: Eosinophilic upper and lower airway inflammation is present in the large majority of severe asthmatics, independently from the prescription criteria for the currently available biologics, and might suggest the use of anti-IL5/IL5R or anti IL4/13 also in patients without blood eosinophilia. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Latorre
- Pulmonary Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Apuano, UO Pneumologia, Via Enrico Mattei 21, Massa, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Medicine, Molecular Biology and Critical Care, University of Pisa, Pisa, Toscana, Italy
| | - Elena Bacci
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Molecular Biology and Critical Care, University of Pisa, Pisa, Toscana, Italy
| | | | - Maria Laura Bartoli
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Molecular Biology and Critical Care, University of Pisa, Pisa, Toscana, Italy
| | - Cristina Cardini
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Molecular Biology and Critical Care, University of Pisa, Pisa, Toscana, Italy
| | - Silvana Cianchetti
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Molecular Biology and Critical Care, University of Pisa, Pisa, Toscana, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Di Franco
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Molecular Biology and Critical Care, University of Pisa, Pisa, Toscana, Italy
| | - Mario Miccoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Toscana, Italy
| | - Ilaria Puxeddu
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Toscana, Italy
| | - Alessandro Celi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Molecular Biology and Critical Care, University of Pisa, Pisa, Toscana, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Paggiaro
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Molecular Biology and Critical Care, University of Pisa, Pisa, Toscana, Italy
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Kang SY, Song WJ, Won HK, Chung SJ, Kim JY, Park HW, Morice AH, Cho SH. Cough persistence in adults with chronic cough: A 4-year retrospective cohort study. Allergol Int 2020; 69:588-593. [PMID: 32327301 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2020.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is very limited evidence regarding long-term prognosis of chronic cough. We examined longitudinal outcomes among patients with chronic cough, and explored predictors of cough persistence. METHODS A retrospective cohort was constructed of adults who had newly visited a specialist cough clinic in 2012-2013. All had undergone systematic investigation for chronic cough. The Hull Airway Reflux Questionnaire (HARQ) was administered to assess reflux cough symptoms. A follow-up survey was conducted in 2016-2017 to assess cough persistence. RESULTS From 418 candidates, 323 participated in the follow-up study; main analyses focused on patients with chronic persistent cough (n = 64; 19.8%) and remitted cough (n = 193; 59.8%). Compared with remitted cough group, chronic persistent cough group had more family history of chronic cough (17.2% vs. 4.7%, p = 0.001) and cold air-sensitive cough (62.5% vs. 44.6%, p = 0.013). The total HARQ score did not differ; however, two items (cough with eating and cough with certain foods) scored significantly higher in chronic persistent cough. In multivariate analyses, a family history of chronic cough (adjusted odds ratio 4.27 [95% confidence interval 1.35-9.89]), cold air-sensitive cough (2.01 [1.09-3.73]), and cough with eating (1.22 [1.02-1.45]) were associated with chronic persistent cough at 4 years. CONCLUSIONS Cough persists in about 20% of patients after 4 years following systematic assessment and treatments. Several cough characteristics, such as family history, cold air-sensitivity, or reflux cough, may be associated with cough persistence. Larger cohort studies are warranted to further understand long-term prognosis and confirm predictors of persistence in patients with chronic cough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Yoon Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, South Korea; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo-Jung Song
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Airway Sensation and Cough Research Laboratory, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Ha-Kyeong Won
- Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo Jie Chung
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pulmonology and Allergy, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, South Korea
| | - Ju-Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Heung-Woo Park
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Alyn H Morice
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull York Medical School, Castle Hill Hospital, University of Hull, Cottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sang-Heon Cho
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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32
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Patarin J, Ghiringhelli É, Darsy G, Obamba M, Bochu P, Camara B, Quétant S, Cracowski JL, Cracowski C, Robert de Saint Vincent M. Rheological analysis of sputum from patients with chronic bronchial diseases. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15685. [PMID: 32973305 PMCID: PMC7518272 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72672-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchial diseases are characterised by the weak efficiency of mucus transport through the lower airways, leading in some cases to the muco-obstruction of bronchi. It has been hypothesised that this loss of clearance results from alterations in the mucus rheology, which are reflected in sputum samples collected from patients, making sputum rheology a possible biophysical marker of these diseases and their evolution. However, previous rheological studies have focused on quasi-static viscoelastic (linear storage and loss moduli) properties only, which are not representative of the mucus mobilisation within the respiratory tract. In this paper, we extend this approach further, by analysing both quasi-static and some dynamic (flow point) properties, to assess their usability and relative performance in characterising several chronic bronchial diseases (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cystic fibrosis) and distinguishing them from healthy subjects. We demonstrate that pathologies influence substantially the linear and flow properties. Linear moduli are weakly condition-specific and even though the corresponding ranges overlap, distinct levels can be identified. This directly relates to the specific mucus structure in each case. In contrast, the flow point is found to strongly increase in muco-obstructive diseases, which may reflect the complete failure of mucociliary clearance causing episodic obstructions. These results suggest that the analysis of quasi-static and dynamic regimes in sputum rheology is in fact useful as these regimes provide complementary markers of chronic bronchial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Patarin
- Rheonova, domaine universitaire, 1270 rue de la piscine, 38400, Saint Martin d'Hères, France
| | - Étienne Ghiringhelli
- Rheonova, domaine universitaire, 1270 rue de la piscine, 38400, Saint Martin d'Hères, France
| | - Guillaume Darsy
- Rheonova, domaine universitaire, 1270 rue de la piscine, 38400, Saint Martin d'Hères, France
| | - Martinien Obamba
- Rheonova, domaine universitaire, 1270 rue de la piscine, 38400, Saint Martin d'Hères, France
| | - Philippe Bochu
- Rheonova, domaine universitaire, 1270 rue de la piscine, 38400, Saint Martin d'Hères, France
| | - Boubou Camara
- Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Pneumologie et Physiologie, Pôle Thorax et Vaisseaux, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Grenoble-Alpes, Boulevard de la Chantourne, 38700, La Tronche, France
| | - Sébastien Quétant
- Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Pneumologie et Physiologie, Pôle Thorax et Vaisseaux, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Grenoble-Alpes, Boulevard de la Chantourne, 38700, La Tronche, France
| | - Jean-Luc Cracowski
- Inserm CIC1406, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Grenoble-Alpes, Boulevard de la Chantourne, 38700, La Tronche, France
| | - Claire Cracowski
- Inserm CIC1406, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Grenoble-Alpes, Boulevard de la Chantourne, 38700, La Tronche, France
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Saeed MI, Sivapalan P, Eklöf J, Ulrik CS, Pisinger C, Lapperre T, Tønnesen P, Hoyer N, Janner J, Karlsson ML, Bech CS, Marså K, Godtfredsen N, Brøndum E, Munk B, Raaschou M, Browatzski A, Lütken P, Jensen JUS. TOB-STOP-COP (TOBacco STOP in COPd trial): study protocol-a randomized open-label, superiority, multicenter, two-arm intervention study of the effect of "high-intensity" vs. "low-intensity" smoking cessation intervention in active smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Trials 2020; 21:730. [PMID: 32825845 PMCID: PMC7441548 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04653-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and it contributes to the development of many other serious diseases. Smoking cessation in COPD patients is known to improve survival and reduce the number of hospitalization-requiring acute exacerbations of COPD. However, smoking cessation interventions in these patients have only been successful for approximately 15-20% for consistent smoking abstinence in 12 months. Thus, more effective interventions are needed for this patient group. The aim of this study is to determine whether a high-intensity intervention compared to a low-intensity intervention can increase the proportion of persistent (> 12 months) anamnestic and biochemical smoking cessation in active smokers with COPD. METHODS This study is a randomized controlled trial. A total of 600 active smokers with COPD will be randomly assigned 1:1 to either a standard treatment (guideline-based municipal smoking cessation program, "low intensity" group) or an intervention ("high-intensity" group) group, which consists of group sessions, telephone consultations, behavior design, hotline, and "buddy-matching" (smoker matched with COPD patient who has ceased smoking). Both groups will receive pharmacological smoking cessation. The primary endpoint is anamnestic and biochemical (cotinine analysis in urine) validated smoking cessation after 12 months. DISCUSSION The potential benefit of this project is to improve smoking cessation rates and thereby reduce smoking-related exacerbations of COPD. In addition, the project can potentially benefit from increasing the quality of life and longevity of COPD patients and reducing the risk of other smoking-related diseases. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04088942 . Registered on 13 September 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Isam Saeed
- Department of Internal Medicine C, Section of Respiratory Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark.
| | - Pradeesh Sivapalan
- Department of Internal Medicine C, Section of Respiratory Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark.,Department of Internal Medicine, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Josefin Eklöf
- Department of Internal Medicine C, Section of Respiratory Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | | | - Charlotta Pisinger
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Therese Lapperre
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Philip Tønnesen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nils Hoyer
- Department of Internal Medicine C, Section of Respiratory Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Julie Janner
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hvidovre University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Marie Lavesen Karlsson
- Department of Respiratory and Infectious Medicine, Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
| | | | - Kristoffer Marså
- Palliation Unit, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Nina Godtfredsen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hvidovre University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Eva Brøndum
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hvidovre University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Birgit Munk
- Rygestopcaféen, Hvidovre University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | | | - Andrea Browatzski
- Department of Respiratory and Infectious Medicine, Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
| | | | - Jens-Ulrik Stæhr Jensen
- Department of Internal Medicine C, Section of Respiratory Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark.,PERSIMUNE & CHIP, Department of Infectious Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Hvidtfeldt M, Sverrild A, Backer V, Porsbjerg C. Airway hyperresponsiveness to mannitol improves in both type 2 high and type 2 low asthma after specialist management. J Asthma 2020; 58:1221-1228. [PMID: 32519918 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2020.1780255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Type 2 low (T2-low) asthma is reported to respond less to anti-inflammatory treatment compared with Type 2 high (T2-high) asthma. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to mannitol, a marker of airway mast cell activation, may be indicative of response to treatment in patients with T2-low disease. We investigated whether AHR to mannitol improves in patients with T2-low asthma after specialist management. METHODS Patients with asthma or suspected asthma, referred to our specialist outpatient clinic, were enrolled consecutively and assessed with FeNO, asthma control, blood eosinophils, mannitol and methacholine tests and induced sputum. T2-low asthma was defined in patients with FeNO < 25ppb and sputum eosinophils < 3% and blood eosinophils < 300µl-1 at inclusion. Patients with asthma and AHR to mannitol (PD15 ≤ 635 mg) were followed and reassessed after 12 months of specialist management. RESULTS Thirty-two patients (Females: 56%, age: 22 years (15-59)) were followed. Fourteen (44%) with T2-high and 18 (56%) with T2-low asthma. Baseline AHR to mannitol was comparable: Gmean PD15: 150 mg (95% CI 61-368) and 214 mg (95% CI 106-432) for T2-high and T2-low asthma respectively (P = 0.51). Both groups improved equally: Gmean PD15: 488 mg (95% CI 311-767) and 507 mg (95% CI 345-746); corresponding to a doubling-dose of: 3.00 (95% CI 1.58-5.74, P = 0.003) and 2.28 (95% CI 1.47-3.53, P = 0.001) respectively. There were no concomitant improvements in AHR to methacholine. CONCLUSION Patients with asthma and AHR to mannitol improve similarly in responsiveness to mannitol after 12 months of specialist management regardless of Type 2 inflammatory biomarker levels. Mechanisms driving AHR in T2-low asthma need to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asger Sverrild
- Respiratory Research Unit, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Backer
- Center for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Celeste Porsbjerg
- Respiratory Research Unit, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Liang Z, Wang F, Zhang D, Long F, Yang Y, Gu W, Deng K, Xu J, Jian W, Zhou L, Shi W, Zheng J, Chen X, Chen R. Sputum and serum autoantibody profiles and their clinical correlation patterns in COPD patients with and without eosinophilic airway inflammation. J Thorac Dis 2020; 12:3085-3100. [PMID: 32642231 PMCID: PMC7330801 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-20-545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Autoimmunity plays a role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the autoantibody responses and their clinical correlation patterns in COPD patients with and without airway eosinophilic inflammation are unknown. The aim of this study was to compare the autoantibody profiles and their clinical associations in stable COPD patients, stratified by airway inflammatory phenotypes. Methods Matched sputum and serum, obtained from 62 stable COPD patients and 14 age-matched controls, were assayed for the presence of IgG and IgM antibodies against 13 autoantigens using protein array. A sputum eosinophil count ≥3% was used as cut-off value to stratify COPD patients into eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic groups. Correlation network analysis was used to evaluate the correlation patterns among autoantibody and clinical variables in each group. Results There were no significant differences of clinical parameters and autoantibody levels between the two COPD groups. In non-eosinophilic COPD, sputum anti-CytochromeC_IgG and anti-Aggrecan_IgM were significantly higher than those in healthy controls, and prior exacerbation was positively associated with lung function and sputum anti-Collagen-IV_IgG. While in eosinophilic COPD, sputum/serum anti-heat shock protein (HSP)47_IgG, serum anti-HSP70_IgG and serum anti-Amyloid-beta_IgG were significantly lower than those in healthy controls, and no significant correlation between prior exacerbations and lung function was found. Differences were also observed in network hubs, with the network for non-eosinophilic COPD possessing 9 hubs comprising two lung function parameters and seven autoantibodies, compared with eosinophilic COPD possessing 12 hubs all comprising autoantibodies. Conclusions Autoantibody responses were heterogeneous and differentially correlated with the exacerbation risk and other clinical parameters in COPD patients of different inflammatory phenotypes. These findings provide useful insight into the need for personalized management for preventing COPD exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Long
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqiong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weili Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kuimiao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luqian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongchang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Pulmonary and Critical Care Department, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Gao J, Törölä T, Li CX, Ohlmeier S, Toljamo T, Nieminen P, Hattori N, Pulkkinen V, Iwamoto H, Mazur W. Sputum Vitamin D Binding Protein (VDBP) GC1S/1S Genotype Predicts Airway Obstruction: A Prospective Study in Smokers with COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2020; 15:1049-1059. [PMID: 32546996 PMCID: PMC7237691 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s234464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The vitamin D binding protein (VDBP, also known as GC-globulin) and vitamin D deficiency have been associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). rs7041 and rs4588 are two single nucleotide polymorphisms of the VDBP gene, including three common allelic variants (GC1S, GC1F and GC2). Previous studies primarily assessed the serum levels of vitamin D and VDBP in COPD. However, less is known regarding the impact of the local release of VDBP on COPD lung function. Thus, we examined the association of sputum and plasma VDBP with lung function at baseline and at four years, and examined potential genetic polymorphism interactions. Methods The baseline levels of sputum VDBP, plasma VDBP and plasma 25-OH vitamin D, as well as the GC rs4588 and rs7041 genotypes, were assessed in a 4-year Finnish follow-up cohort (n = 233) of non-smokers, and smokers with and without COPD. The associations between the VDBP levels and the longitudinal decline of lung function were further analysed. Results High frequencies of the haplotypes in rs7041/rs4588 were homozygous GC1S/1S (42.5%). Higher sputum VDBP levels in stage I and stage II COPD were observed only in carriers with GC1S/1S genotype when compared with non-smokers (p = 0.034 and p = 0.002, respectively). Genotype multivariate regression analysis indicated that the baseline sputum VDBP and FEV1/FVC ratio at baseline independently predicted FEV1% at follow-up. Discussion and Conclusion The baseline sputum VDBP expression was elevated in smokers with COPD among individuals with the GC1S/1S genotype, and predicted follow-up airway obstruction. Our results suggest that the GC polymorphism should be considered when exploring the potential of VDBP as a biomarker for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Heart and Lung Centre, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tanja Törölä
- Heart and Lung Centre, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Chuan-Xing Li
- Pulmonomics Group, Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine & Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steffen Ohlmeier
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biocentre Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuula Toljamo
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Lapland Central Hospital, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Pentti Nieminen
- Medical Informatics and Statistics Group, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Noboru Hattori
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ville Pulkkinen
- Heart and Lung Centre, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hiroshi Iwamoto
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Witold Mazur
- Heart and Lung Centre, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Soma T, Uchida Y, Hoshino Y, Katayama K, Kobayashi T, Nakagome K, Nagata M. Relationship between airway inflammation and airflow limitation in elderly asthmatics. Asia Pac Allergy 2020; 10:e17. [PMID: 32411582 PMCID: PMC7203439 DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.2020.10.e17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of asthma in elderly population has been increasing. Previous studies have demonstrated clinical characteristics of elderly asthmatics (EA). However, little is known regarding the influence of immunological change on the physiological status of EA. Objective We investigated the relationship between inflammatory mediators and the pulmonary function (PF) of EA. Methods Eligible adult asthmatics recruited from the Allergy Center of Saitama Medical University Hospital were classified into a non-EA group (<40 years old, n = 15) and an EA group (≥60 years old, n = 43). Sputum induction and PF tests were performed. Concentrations of an eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) and neutrophil elastase (NE) in sputum supernatants were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a fluorometric assay using a commercial assay kit, respectively. Cell counts and EDN and NE concentrations in sputum were compared between the 2 groups. The association among those parameters and PF were analyzed in each group. Results The EA group had a significantly higher severe asthmatics proportion (p = 0.01), a lower current smokers proportion (p = 0.002), lower sensitization rate to aeroallergens (p = 0.012), several PFs deterioration (p < 0.0001) and lower total IgE levels (p = 0.001) than the non-EA group. Sputum neutrophil counts and NE concentrations were significantly higher in the EA group than those in the non-EA group (median neutrophil: 4.11 vs. 2.74 ×105/mL, p = 0.03; NE: 2.0 vs.1.6 µg/mL, p < 0.05, respectively), whereas sputum eosinophil counts and EDN concentrations were not. Sputum EDN concentrations were significantly positively correlated with sputum neutrophil counts (r = 0.39, p = 0.031) and NE concentrations (r = 0.57, p < 0.0001) only in the EA group. Eosinophil-related parameters were negatively correlated with several PFs in the 2 groups. Neutrophil-related parameters were negatively correlated with PFs only in the non-EA group. Conclusion This study determines that in EA, persistent active eosinophilic airway inflammation is accompanied by advanced neutrophilic inflammation, which may contribute to deteriorated PF. This distinct airway inflammation may increase the severity of asthma in EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Soma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Uchida
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuki Hoshino
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuki Katayama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takehito Kobayashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Department of General Internal Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Nakagome
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Makoto Nagata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
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Hanibuchi M, Saijo A, Mitsuhashi A, Takeji T, Kitagawa T. The clinical usefulness of a new hand-held device for fractional exhaled nitric oxide measurement, NIOX VERO®, for diagnosing the etiology of cough. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2020; 67:265-270. [PMID: 33148899 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.67.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Cough is one of the most common symptoms seen in clinical practice, however the differential diagnosis is often difficult. The utility of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) measurement in the differential diagnosis of the etiology of cough has been reported. NIOX VERO® (NOV) is a new hand-held device that will replace NIOX MINO®, but its diagnostic utility has not been fully elucidated in clinical practice. In this study, the performance of NOV for FeNO measurements was determined. We retrospectively analyzed 243 consecutive patients complaining cough. Among 243 patients, final diagnosis was cough variant asthma (CVA) in 74 (30.5%), bronchial asthma (BA) in 48 (19.8%), post-infectious cough (PIC) in 52 (21.4%), atopic chough (AC) in 24 (9.9%), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in 10 (4.1%), and Others in 35 (14.4%). FeNO values were significantly higher in CVA and BA as compared to PIC, AC, GERD, and Others. In the multivariate analysis, only FeNO value was identified as independent factors to discriminate CVA and non-CVA other than BA. These findings indicated that FeNO measured by using NOV could be used as a diagnostic marker of intractable cough, especially for the differential diagnosis of CVA from non-CVA. J. Med. Invest. 67 : 265-270, August, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Atsushi Mitsuhashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuya Kitagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shikoku Central Hospital of the Mutual aid Association of Public School teachers, 2233 Kawanoe-cho, Shikoku-Chuo, 799-0193, Japan
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Vignoli A, Santini G, Tenori L, Macis G, Mores N, Macagno F, Pagano F, Higenbottam T, Luchinat C, Montuschi P. NMR-Based Metabolomics for the Assessment of Inhaled Pharmacotherapy in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients. J Proteome Res 2019; 19:64-74. [PMID: 31621329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this proof-of-concept, pilot study was the evaluation of the effects of steroid administration and suspension of an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)-long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) extrafine fixed dose combination (FDC) on metabolomic fingerprints in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We hypothesized that a comprehensive metabolomics approach discriminates across inhaled pharmacotherapies and that their effects on metabolomic signatures depend on the biological fluids analyzed. We performed metabolomics via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in exhaled breath condensate (EBC), sputum supernatants, serum, and urine. Fourteen patients suffering from COPD who were on regular inhaled fluticasone propionate/salmeterol therapy (visit 1) were consecutively treated with 2-week beclomethasone dipropionate/formoterol (visit 2), 4-week formoterol alone (visit 3), and 4-week beclomethasone/formoterol (visit 4). The comprehensive NMR-based metabolomics approach showed differences across all pharmacotherapies and that different biofluids provided orthogonal information. Serum formate was lower at visits 1 versus 3 (P = 0.03), EBC formate was higher at visit 1 versus 4 (P = 0.03), and urinary 1-methyl-nicotinamide was lower at 3 versus 4 visit (P = 0.002). NMR-based metabolomics of different biofluids distinguishes across inhaled pharmacotherapies, provides complementary information on the effects of an extrafine ICS/LABA FDC on metabolic fingerprints in COPD patients, and might be useful for elucidating the ICS mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Vignoli
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) , University of Florence , Via Luigi Sacconi 6 , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy 50019.,Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP) , Piazza San Marco 4 , Florence , Italy 50121
| | - Giuseppe Santini
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo F. Vito, 1, Rome, Italy 00168,Pharmacology Unit, University Hospital Agostino Gemelli Foundation, IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, Rome, Italy 00168
| | - Leonardo Tenori
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) , University of Florence , Via Luigi Sacconi 6 , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy 50019.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine , University of Florence , Largo Brambilla 3 , Florence , Italy 50100
| | - Giuseppe Macis
- Imaging Diagnostics,University Hospital Agostino Gemelli Foundation, IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, Rome, Italy 00168
| | - Nadia Mores
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo F. Vito, 1, Rome, Italy 00168,Pharmacology Unit, University Hospital Agostino Gemelli Foundation, IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, Rome, Italy 00168
| | - Francesco Macagno
- Respiratory Medicine Unit,University Hospital Agostino Gemelli Foundation, IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, Rome, Italy 00168
| | - Francesco Pagano
- Ageing Unit, University Hospital Agostino Gemelli Foundation, IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, Rome, Italy 00168,Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo F. Vito, 1, Rome, Italy 00168
| | - Tim Higenbottam
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Medicine , Royal College of Physicians , London NW1 4LE , United Kingdom
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) , University of Florence , Via Luigi Sacconi 6 , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy 50019.,Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP) , Piazza San Marco 4 , Florence , Italy 50121.,Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" , University of Florence , Via della Lastruccia 3 , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy 50019
| | - Paolo Montuschi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo F. Vito, 1, Rome, Italy 00168,Pharmacology Unit, University Hospital Agostino Gemelli Foundation, IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, Rome, Italy 00168
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40
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Cianchetti S, Cardini C, Puxeddu I, Latorre M, Bartoli ML, Bradicich M, Dente F, Bacci E, Celi A, Paggiaro P. Distinct profile of inflammatory and remodelling biomarkers in sputum of severe asthmatic patients with or without persistent airway obstruction. World Allergy Organ J 2019; 12:100078. [PMID: 31871533 PMCID: PMC6911957 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2019.100078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both inflammatory and remodelling processes are associated with irreversible airway obstruction observed in severe asthma. Our aim was to characterize a group of severe asthmatic patients with or without persistent airway obstruction in relation to specific sputum inflammatory and remodelling biomarkers. METHODS Forty-five patients under regular high-dose inhaled corticosteroid/ß-2agonist treatment were studied, after a follow-up period of at least 2 years, with a minimum of 4 visits. Periostin, TGF-ß, RANTES, IL-8, GM-CSF, FGF-2, and cell counts were measured in induced sputum. Serum periostin was also measured. RESULTS Sputum induction was successfully performed in all but 5 patients. There were no significant differences in demographic and clinical data between patients with non-persistent obstruction (NO: FEV1/VC>88%pred.) and those with persistent obstruction (O: a not completely reversible obstruction with FEV1/VC<88%pred. at each visit before the study visit). Patients with persistent obstruction had significantly higher sputum periostin and TGF-ß concentrations than NO patients and a trend of higher serum periostin levels. GM-CSF and FGF-2 were significantly increased in NO compared to O patients. No differences between groups were found for RANTES, IL-8 and differential cell counts. Sputum periostin inversely correlated with functional parameters (prebronch. FEV1: rho = -0.36, p < 0.05; postbronch. FEV1: rho = -0.33, p = 0.05). Patients with high sputum periostin concentration (>103.3 pg/ml: median value) showed an absolute number of sputum eosinophils significantly higher than patients with low sputum periostin; this behavior was unobserved when serum periostin was considered. CONCLUSIONS Only periostin and TGF-ß identified a subgroup of severe asthmatic patients with persistent airway obstruction. Sputum periostin was also inversely associated with FEV1 and proved to be a more sensitive biomarker than serum periostin to identify severe asthmatics with higher sputum eosinophilia.
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Key Words
- Airway inflammation
- BMI, body mass index
- Biomarkers
- FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s
- FGF-2, fibroblast growth factor-2
- FeNO, fraction of exhaled nitric oxide
- GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
- ICS, inhaled corticosteroids
- IFN, interferon
- IL-8, interleukin-8
- Induced sputum
- LABA, long-acting ß-2agonist
- LTRA, leukotriene receptor antagonist
- RANTES, regulated on activation, normal T-cells expressed and secreted
- Remodelling
- Severe asthma
- TGF-ß, transforming growth factor-ß-1
- VC, vital capacity
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Cianchetti
- Respiratory Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Surgery, Medicine, Molecular Biology, and Critical Care, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Cardini
- Respiratory Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Surgery, Medicine, Molecular Biology, and Critical Care, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Puxeddu
- Immunology and Allergology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Manuela Latorre
- Respiratory Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Surgery, Medicine, Molecular Biology, and Critical Care, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bartoli
- Respiratory Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Surgery, Medicine, Molecular Biology, and Critical Care, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Bradicich
- Respiratory Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Surgery, Medicine, Molecular Biology, and Critical Care, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Dente
- Respiratory Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Surgery, Medicine, Molecular Biology, and Critical Care, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Bacci
- Respiratory Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Surgery, Medicine, Molecular Biology, and Critical Care, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Celi
- Respiratory Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Surgery, Medicine, Molecular Biology, and Critical Care, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Paggiaro
- Respiratory Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Surgery, Medicine, Molecular Biology, and Critical Care, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Colonization by Pneumocystis jirovecii in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: association with exacerbations and lung function status. Braz J Infect Dis 2019; 23:352-357. [PMID: 31545952 PMCID: PMC9427795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to Pneumocystis jirovecii (P. jirovecii) can lead to a wide variety of presenting features ranging from colonization in immunocompetent patients with lung disease, to invasive infections in immunocompromised hosts. Colonization by this fungus in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) could be associated with higher rates of exacerbations and impaired lung function in these patients. Our objective was to determine whether colonization by P. jirovecii in patients with COPD is associated with increased exacerbations and deterioration of lung function. This was a prospective cohort study on patients with COPD. All participants meeting selection criteria underwent clinical and microbiological assessments and were then classified as colonized vs. non-colonized patients. Chi-squared tests were performed and multivariate logistic models were fitted in order to obtain risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). We documented a frequency of colonization by P. jirovecii of 32.3%. Most patients were categorized as having GOLD B and D COPD. The history of significant exacerbations in the last year, health status impairment (COPD Assesment Tool ≥10), airflow limitation (percent of post-bronchodilator FEV1), and BODEx score (≥5) were similar between groups. After a 52-week follow-up period, the rate of adjusted significant exacerbations did not differ between groups. However, a decrease in FEVI was found in both groups.
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Teopompi E, Risé P, Pisi R, Buccellati C, Aiello M, Pisi G, Tripodi C, Fainardi V, Clini E, Chetta A, Rovati GE, Sala A. Arachidonic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid Metabolites in the Airways of Adults With Cystic Fibrosis: Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:938. [PMID: 31507425 PMCID: PMC6716427 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder, caused by genetic mutations in CF transmembrane conductance regulator protein. Several reports have indicated the presence of specific fatty acid alterations in CF patients, most notably decreased levels of plasmatic and tissue docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the precursor of specialized pro-resolving mediators. We hypothesized that DHA supplementation could restore the production of DHA-derived products and possibly contribute to a better control of the chronic pulmonary inflammation observed in CF subjects. Sputum samples from 15 CF and 10 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) subjects were collected and analyzed by LC/MS/MS, and blood fatty acid were profiled by gas chromatography upon lipid extraction and transmethylation. Interestingly, CF subjects showed increased concentrations of leukotriene B4 (LTB4), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE), when compared with COPD patients, whereas the concentrations of DHA metabolites did not differ between the two groups. After DHA supplementation, not only DHA/arachidonic acid (AA) ratio and highly unsaturated fatty acid index were significantly increased in the subjects completing the study (p < 0.05) but also a reduction in LTB4 and 15-HETE was observed, together with a tendency for a decrease in PGE2, and an increase in 17-hydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid (17OH-DHA) levels. At the end of the washout period, LTB4, PGE2, 15-HETE, and 17OH-DHA showed a trend to return to baseline values. In addition, 15-HETE/17OH-DHA ratio in the same sample significantly decreased after DHA supplementation (p < 0.01) when compared with baseline. In conclusion, our results show here that in CF patients, an impairment in fatty acid metabolism, characterized by increased AA-derived metabolites and decreased DHA-derived metabolites, could be partially corrected by DHA supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Teopompi
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital, Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Patrizia Risé
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberta Pisi
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital, Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carola Buccellati
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Marina Aiello
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital, Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanna Pisi
- Department of Pediatrics, CF Unit Children Hospital, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Candida Tripodi
- Department of Pediatrics, CF Unit Children Hospital, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Valentina Fainardi
- Department of Pediatrics, CF Unit Children Hospital, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Enrico Clini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences SMECHIMAI, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Alfredo Chetta
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital, Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - G Enrico Rovati
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Angelo Sala
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy.,IBIM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
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Meneghini A, Koenigkam-Santos M, Pereira M, Tonidandel P, Terra-Filho J, Cunha F, de Menezes M, Vianna E. Biomass smoke COPD has less tomographic abnormalities but worse hypoxemia compared with tobacco COPD. Braz J Med Biol Res 2019; 52:e8233. [PMID: 31038579 PMCID: PMC6487741 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20198233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Special attention has emerged towards biomass smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), providing new knowledge for prevention and therapeutic approach of non-smoker COPD patients. However, the understanding of biomass smoke COPD is still limited and somewhat controversial. The aim of the present study was to compare COPD exclusively caused by tobacco smoking with COPD exclusively caused by environmental or occupational exposures. For this cross-sectional study, COPD patients were recruited from outpatient clinics and formed two groups: non-smoker COPD group (n=16) with exposure to biomass smoke who did not smoke cigarette and tobacco smoker COPD group (n=15) with people who did not report biomass smoke exposure. Subjects underwent pulmonary function tests, thoracic high-resolution computed tomography, 6-min walk test, and sputum induction. The non-smoker COPD group had biomass smoke exposure of 133.3±86 hour-years. The tobacco COPD group smoked 48.5±27.4 pack-years. Women were 62.5 and 66.7%, respectively, of non-smokers and smokers. The non-smoker COPD group showed higher prevalence of dyspnea, lower arterial oxygen tension (PaO2), and lower arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2%) with similar spirometry results, lung volumes, and diffusion capacity. Regarding inflammatory biomarkers, differences were detected in sputum number of lymphomononuclear cells and in sputum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 with higher values in the smoker group. Emphysema was more prevalent in the tobacco smoker group, which also showed higher relative bronchial wall thickness and lower lung density by quantitative analysis. Biomass smoke induced more hypoxemia compared to tobacco in COPD patients with similar severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.C. Meneghini
- Departamento de Medicina Social, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - M. Koenigkam-Santos
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - M.C. Pereira
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - P.R. Tonidandel
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - J. Terra-Filho
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - F.Q. Cunha
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - M.B. de Menezes
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - E.O. Vianna
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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Uchida Y, Soma T, Nakagome K, Kobayashi T, Nagata M. Implications of prostaglandin D2 and leukotrienes in exhaled breath condensates of asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2019; 123:81-88.e1. [PMID: 30986547 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various inflammatory eicosanoid levels in biomaterials from airways of asthma and their associations with clinical parameters remain uncertain. We hypothesized that prostaglandin and leukotriene levels differ between in exhaled breath condensates (EBCs) and in sputum in mild, moderate, and severe levels of asthma and that EBC and sputum eicosanoid levels are associated with indexes of pulmonary function and inflammation. OBJECTIVE To determine the differences between EBC and sputum eicosanoid levels in healthy participants and patients with asthma with different asthma severity levels. METHODS Collected EBC and sputum, as well as pulmonary function, were examined in adult patients with asthma and healthy participants. Exhaled breath condensate prostaglandin D2-methoxime (PGD2-MOX), cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs), leukotriene B4 (LTB4), and thromboxane B2 levels, and some sputum eicosanoid and tryptase levels were measured. Differences in eicosanoid levels among participants and their associations with pulmonary function and tryptase and granulocyte levels in sputum were then evaluated. RESULTS Analysis of 94 EBCs and 43 sputa revealed that EBC and sputum PGD2-MOX and CysLT levels were significantly higher in patients with asthma than in healthy participants. Exhaled breath condensate PGD2-MOX, CysLT, and LTB4 levels were significantly higher in patients with severe asthma. Exhaled breath condensate PGD2-MOX level was also significantly correlated with sputum tryptase levels and lower pulmonary function in patients with asthma. Sputum PGD2-MOX and CysLT levels were significantly correlated with the proportion of eosinophils among all cells in sputum in patients with asthma. CONCLUSION The results suggest that EBC PGD2 levels are associated with impairment of pulmonary function in adults with asthma who have undergone guideline treatment. Exhaled breath condensate or sputum PGD2 and CysLTs may represent severity or airway inflammation in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Uchida
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan; Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Soma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan; Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Kazuyuki Nakagome
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan; Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takehito Kobayashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan; Department of General Internal Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan
| | - Makoto Nagata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan; Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan
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Kurade A, Dhanawade S, Shetti S. Induced Sputum as a Diagnostic Tool in Pneumonia in Under Five Children-A Hospital-based Study. J Trop Pediatr 2018; 64:510-515. [PMID: 29415185 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmx106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this articlewas to study the success, tolerability of sputum induction and the bacterial isolates of induced sputum in children aged <5 years. METHODS The cross-sectional study included 120 hospitalized children aged 1-59 months meeting WHO criteria for pneumonia. Sputum induction was performed using hypertonic (3%) saline. RESULTS Mean age of the subjects was 19.5 months (2-59 months). Overall success of sputum induction was 53.3% and highest (64.28%) in 37-59 months age group. Adverse events such as tachypnea, hypoxemia (SpO2 <90) and vomiting were observed in 41.6, 17.5 and 15.8%, respectively. A potential pathogen was isolated in 45 (70.3%) of 64 cases with good quality sputum. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the commonest (38.2%) followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae (14.8%) and others. CONCLUSION Sputum induction in young children is safe and feasible in Indian settings. While the success was limited, bacterial yield was high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Kurade
- Department of Pediatrics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College and Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra 416416, India
| | - Sara Dhanawade
- Department of Pediatrics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College and Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra 416416, India
| | - Sachin Shetti
- Department of Physiotherapy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College and Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra 416416, India
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Cordova-Rivera L, Gibson PG, Gardiner PA, McDonald VM. Physical activity associates with disease characteristics of severe asthma, bronchiectasis and COPD. Respirology 2018; 24:352-360. [PMID: 30384396 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Physical activity (PA) in obstructive airway diseases (OAD) is likely to be impaired but this has not been extensively studied outside of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We describe PA levels in severe asthma and bronchiectasis compared to moderate-severe COPD and to controls, and tested the cross-sectional associations of PA (steps/day) with shared disease characteristics in the OAD group. METHODS Adults with OAD (severe asthma = 62, COPD = 67, bronchiectasis = 60) and controls (n = 63) underwent a multidimensional assessment, including device-measured PA levels. RESULTS The OAD group included 189 participants (58.7% females), with median (interquartile range) age of 67 (58-72) years and mean forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1 ) % predicted of 69.4%. Demographic characteristics differed between groups. Compared to controls (52.4% females, aged 55 (34-64) years, median 7640 steps/day), those with severe asthma, bronchiectasis and COPD accumulated less steps/day: median difference of -2255, -2289, and -4782, respectively (P ≤ 0.001). Compared to COPD, severe asthma and bronchiectasis participants accumulated more steps/day: median difference of 2375 and 2341, respectively (P ≤ 0.001). No significant differences were found between the severe asthma and bronchiectasis group. Exercise capacity, FEV1 % predicted, dyspnoea and systemic inflammation differed between groups, but were each significantly associated with steps/day in OAD. In the multivariable model adjusted for all disease characteristics, exercise capacity and FEV1 % predicted remained significantly associated. CONCLUSION PA impairment is common in OAD. The activity level was associated with shared characteristics of these diseases. Interventions to improve PA should be multifactorial and consider the level of impairment and the associated characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cordova-Rivera
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Excellence in Severe Asthma, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter G Gibson
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Excellence in Severe Asthma, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul A Gardiner
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Vanessa M McDonald
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Excellence in Severe Asthma, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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Increased Sputum IL-17A Level in Non-asthmatic Eosinophilic Bronchitis. Lung 2018; 196:699-705. [PMID: 30276559 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-018-0166-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-asthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis (NAEB) is one common cause of chronic cough which is characterized as airway eosinophilic inflammation like asthma but lack of airway hyper-responsiveness. Previous studies showed that Th2-pathway plays a role in NAEB, but the role of non-Th2 pathway in mechanism of NAEB remains unknown. Recently, IL-17A, a Th17-pathway cytokine, has been demonstrated to be involved in asthma development. However, the relationship between Th17-pathway and NAEB is unknown. METHODS We aim to assess the airway level of IL-17A in the subjects with NAEB. Relationships between the IL-17A level and airway function in NAEB or asthma are also observed. We measured IL-17A concentrations in the sputum supernatant from 12 subjects with EB, 16 subjects with asthma [9 eosinophilic asthmatic (EA) and 7 non-eosinophilic asthmatic (NEA) according to the sputum eosinophil ≥ 3%], and 9 healthy control subjects. RESULTS Increasing IL-17A level was found in NAEB group (29.65 ± 8.13 pg/ml), EA group (32.45 ± 3.22 pg/ml), and NEA group (29.62 ± 6.91 pg/ml) compared with the healthy control group (17.05 ± 10.30 pg/ml) (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.05, respectively). The sputum IL-17A level was correlated with FENO (r = 0.44, P < 0.01), FEV1/FVC% (r = - 0.38, P < 0.05), MMEF%pred (r = - 0.34, P < 0.05), and sputum neutrophil% (r = 0.33, P < 0.05) in total. CONCLUSION Th17-pathway may play a role not only in asthmatics, but also in subjects with NAEB, as reflected by increasing IL-17A concentrations in sputum supernatant.
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Brandsma J, Goss VM, Yang X, Bakke PS, Caruso M, Chanez P, Dahlén SE, Fowler SJ, Horvath I, Krug N, Montuschi P, Sanak M, Sandström T, Shaw DE, Chung KF, Singer F, Fleming LJ, Sousa AR, Pandis I, Bansal AT, Sterk PJ, Djukanović R, Postle AD. Lipid phenotyping of lung epithelial lining fluid in healthy human volunteers. Metabolomics 2018; 14:123. [PMID: 30830396 PMCID: PMC6153688 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1412-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung epithelial lining fluid (ELF)-sampled through sputum induction-is a medium rich in cells, proteins and lipids. However, despite its key role in maintaining lung function, homeostasis and defences, the composition and biology of ELF, especially in respect of lipids, remain incompletely understood. OBJECTIVES To characterise the induced sputum lipidome of healthy adult individuals, and to examine associations between different ELF lipid phenotypes and the demographic characteristics within the study cohort. METHODS Induced sputum samples were obtained from 41 healthy non-smoking adults, and their lipid compositions analysed using a combination of untargeted shotgun and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry methods. Topological data analysis (TDA) was used to group subjects with comparable sputum lipidomes in order to identify distinct ELF phenotypes. RESULTS The induced sputum lipidome was diverse, comprising a range of different molecular classes, including at least 75 glycerophospholipids, 13 sphingolipids, 5 sterol lipids and 12 neutral glycerolipids. TDA identified two distinct phenotypes differentiated by a higher total lipid content and specific enrichments of diacyl-glycerophosphocholines, -inositols and -glycerols in one group, with enrichments of sterols, glycolipids and sphingolipids in the other. Subjects presenting the lipid-rich ELF phenotype also had significantly higher BMI, but did not differ in respect of other demographic characteristics such as age or gender. CONCLUSIONS We provide the first evidence that the ELF lipidome varies significantly between healthy individuals and propose that such differences are related to weight status, highlighting the potential impact of (over)nutrition on lung lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost Brandsma
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - Victoria M Goss
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Xian Yang
- Data Science Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Per S Bakke
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Massimo Caruso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Pascal Chanez
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Sven-Erik Dahlén
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephen J Fowler
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ildiko Horvath
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Norbert Krug
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Paolo Montuschi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Marek Sanak
- Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Thomas Sandström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dominick E Shaw
- Respiratory Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | | | | | - Ana R Sousa
- Respiratory Therapy Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, London, UK
| | | | - Aruna T Bansal
- Acclarogen Ltd, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter J Sterk
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ratko Djukanović
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton, UK
| | - Anthony D Postle
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Pembrey L, Barreto ML, Douwes J, Cooper P, Henderson J, Mpairwe H, Ardura-Garcia C, Chico M, Brooks C, Cruz AA, Elliott AM, Figueiredo CA, Langan SM, Nassanga B, Ring S, Rodrigues L, Pearce N. Understanding asthma phenotypes: the World Asthma Phenotypes (WASP) international collaboration. ERJ Open Res 2018; 4:00013-2018. [PMID: 30151371 PMCID: PMC6104297 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00013-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Asthma Phenotypes (WASP) study started in 2016 and has been conducted in five centres, in the UK, New Zealand, Brazil, Ecuador and Uganda. The objectives of this study are to combine detailed biomarker and clinical information in order to 1) better understand and characterise asthma phenotypes in high-income countries (HICs) and low and middle-income countries (LMICs), and in high and low prevalence centres; 2) compare phenotype characteristics, including clinical severity; 3) assess the risk factors for each phenotype; and 4) assess how the distribution of phenotypes differs between high prevalence and low prevalence centres. Here we present the rationale and protocol for the WASP study to enable other centres around the world to carry out similar analyses using a standardised protocol. Large collaborative and integrative studies like this are essential to further our understanding of asthma phenotypes. The findings of this study will help elucidate the aetiological mechanisms of asthma and might potentially identify new causes and guide the development of new treatments, thereby enabling better management and prevention of asthma in both HICs and LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Pembrey
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Mauricio L Barreto
- Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,Center for Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Fiocruz, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Jeroen Douwes
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Philip Cooper
- St George's University of London, London, UK.,Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.,Fundacion Ecuatoriana Para Investigacion en Salud, Quito, Ecuador
| | - John Henderson
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Harriet Mpairwe
- Medical Research Council (MRC)/Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI) Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda
| | | | - Martha Chico
- Fundacion Ecuatoriana Para Investigacion en Salud, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Collin Brooks
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Alvaro A Cruz
- The Programme for Control of Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis (ProAR), Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,Institute for Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Alison M Elliott
- Medical Research Council (MRC)/Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI) Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Camila A Figueiredo
- Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Beatrice Nassanga
- Medical Research Council (MRC)/Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI) Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Susan Ring
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Neil Pearce
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
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50
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Montuschi P, Santini G, Mores N, Vignoli A, Macagno F, Shoreh R, Tenori L, Zini G, Fuso L, Mondino C, Di Natale C, D'Amico A, Luchinat C, Barnes PJ, Higenbottam T. Breathomics for Assessing the Effects of Treatment and Withdrawal With Inhaled Beclomethasone/Formoterol in Patients With COPD. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:258. [PMID: 29719507 PMCID: PMC5914154 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Prospective pharmacological studies on breathomics profiles in COPD patients have not been previously reported. We assessed the effects of treatment and withdrawal of an extrafine inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)-long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) fixed dose combination (FDC) using a multidimensional classification model including breathomics. Methods: A pilot, proof-of-concept, pharmacological study was undertaken in 14 COPD patients on maintenance treatment with inhaled fluticasone propionate/salmeterol (500/50 μg b.i.d.) for at least 8 weeks (visit 1). Patients received 2-week treatment with inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate/formoterol (100/6 μg b.i.d.) (visit 2), 4-week treatment with formoterol alone (6 μg b.i.d.) (visit 3), and 4-week treatment with beclomethasone/formoterol (100/6 μg b.i.d.) (visit 4). Exhaled breath analysis with two e-noses, based on different technologies, and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) NMR-based metabolomics were performed. Sputum cell counts, sputum supernatant and EBC prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and 15-F2t-isoprostane, fraction of exhaled nitric oxide, and spirometry were measured. Results: Compared with formoterol alone, EBC acetate and sputum PGE2, reflecting airway inflammation, were reduced after 4-week beclomethasone/formoterol. Three independent breathomics techniques showed that extrafine beclomethasone/formoterol short-term treatment was associated with different breathprints compared with regular fluticasone propionate/salmeterol. Either ICS/LABA FDC vs. formoterol alone was associated with increased pre-bronchodilator FEF25−75% and FEV1/FVC (P = 0.008–0.029). The multidimensional model distinguished fluticasone propionate/salmeterol vs. beclomethasone/formoterol, fluticasone propionate/salmeterol vs. formoterol, and formoterol vs. beclomethasone/formoterol (accuracy > 70%, P < 0.01). Conclusions: Breathomics could be used for assessing ICS treatment and withdrawal in COPD patients. Large, controlled, prospective pharmacological trials are required to clarify the biological implications of breathomics changes. EUDRACT number: 2012-001749-42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Montuschi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, University Hospital Agostino Gemelli Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Santini
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, University Hospital Agostino Gemelli Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Nadia Mores
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, University Hospital Agostino Gemelli Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Vignoli
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Macagno
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, University Hospital Agostino Gemelli Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Rugia Shoreh
- Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Leonardo Tenori
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gina Zini
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, University Hospital Agostino Gemelli Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Leonello Fuso
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, University Hospital Agostino Gemelli Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Mondino
- Department of Allergology, 'Bellinzona e Valli' Hospital, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Corrado Di Natale
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Arnaldo D'Amico
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Peter J Barnes
- Airway Disease Section, Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Higenbottam
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Medicine, Royal College of Physicians, London, United Kingdom
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