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Roth AT, Philips JA, Chandra P. The role of cholesterol and its oxidation products in tuberculosis pathogenesis. IMMUNOMETABOLISM (COBHAM, SURREY) 2024; 6:e00042. [PMID: 38693938 PMCID: PMC11060060 DOI: 10.1097/in9.0000000000000042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis (TB), one of the world's most deadly infections. Lipids play an important role in M. tuberculosis pathogenesis. M. tuberculosis grows intracellularly within lipid-laden macrophages and extracellularly within the cholesterol-rich caseum of necrotic granulomas and pulmonary cavities. Evolved from soil saprophytes that are able to metabolize cholesterol from organic matter in the environment, M. tuberculosis inherited an extensive and highly conserved machinery to metabolize cholesterol. M. tuberculosis uses this machinery to degrade host cholesterol; the products of cholesterol degradation are incorporated into central carbon metabolism and used to generate cell envelope lipids, which play important roles in virulence. The host also modifies cholesterol by enzymatically oxidizing it to a variety of derivatives, collectively called oxysterols, which modulate cholesterol homeostasis and the immune response. Recently, we found that M. tuberculosis converts host cholesterol to an oxidized metabolite, cholestenone, that accumulates in the lungs of individuals with TB. M. tuberculosis encodes cholesterol-modifying enzymes, including a hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, a putative cholesterol oxidase, and numerous cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. Here, we review what is known about cholesterol and its oxidation products in the pathogenesis of TB. We consider the possibility that the biological function of cholesterol metabolism by M. tuberculosis extends beyond a nutritional role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T. Roth
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Philips
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pallavi Chandra
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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2
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Zeng R, Fang M, Shen A, Chai X, Zhao Y, Liu M, Zhu L, Rui W, Feng B, Hong L, Ding C, Song Z, Lu W, Zhang A. Discovery of a Highly Potent Oxysterol Receptor GPR183 Antagonist Bearing the Benzo[ d]thiazole Structural Motif for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). J Med Chem 2024; 67:3520-3541. [PMID: 38417036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated a critical pathological role of oxysterol receptor GPR183 in various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the currently reported GPR183 antagonists are very limited and not qualified for in vivo studies due to their inferior druglike properties. Herein, we conducted a structural elaboration focusing on improving its PK and safety profile based on a reference antagonist NIBR189. Of note, compound 33, bearing an aminobenzothiazole motif, exhibited reduced hERG inhibition, improved PK properties, and robust antagonistic activity (IC50 = 0.82 nM) with high selectivity against GPR183. Moreover, compound 33 displayed strong in vitro antimigration and anti-inflammatory activity in monocytes. Oral administration of compound 33 effectively improved the pathological symptoms of DSS-induced experimental colitis. All of these findings demonstrate that compound 33 is a novel and promising GPR183 antagonist suitable for further investigation to treat IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoqing Zeng
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Meimiao Fang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ancheng Shen
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 200210, China
- National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaolei Chai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yumiao Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lingfeng Zhu
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Weiwei Rui
- Department of General Surgery and Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Bo Feng
- Department of General Surgery and Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Liang Hong
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chunyong Ding
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zilan Song
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Weiqiang Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ao Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 200210, China
- National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai 200240, China
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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3
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Marini S, Huber A, Cash MN, Salemi M, Cook RL, Borsa P, Mavian CN. Oral Cannabidiol Treatment Is Associated with an Anti-Inflammatory Gene Expression Signature in Myeloid Cells of People Living with HIV. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2024. [PMID: 38252549 DOI: 10.1089/can.2023.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: HIV-related comorbidities appear to be related to chronic inflammation, a condition characterizing people living with HIV (PLWH). Prior work indicates that cannabidiol (CBD) might reduce inflammation; however, the genetics underpinning of this effect are not well investigated. Our main objective is to detect gene expression alterations in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from PLWH after at least 1 month of CBD treatment. Materials and Methods: We analyzed ∼41,000 PBMCs from three PLWH at baseline and after CBD treatment (27-60 days) through single-cell RNA sequencing. Results: We obtained a coherent signature, characterized by an anti-inflammatory activity, of differentially expressed genes in myeloid cells. Conclusions: Our study shows how CBD is associated with alterations of gene expression in myeloid cells after CBD treatment. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT05209867.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Marini
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Amanda Huber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Melanie N Cash
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Marco Salemi
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Robert L Cook
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Paul Borsa
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Carla N Mavian
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Vieceli Dalla Sega F, Fortini F, Licastro D, Monego SD, Degasperi M, Ascierto A, Marracino L, Severi P, D'Accolti M, Soffritti I, Brambilla M, Camera M, Tremoli E, Contoli M, Spadaro S, Campo G, Ferrari R, Caselli E, Rizzo P. Serum from COVID-19 patients promotes endothelial cell dysfunction through protease-activated receptor 2. Inflamm Res 2024; 73:117-130. [PMID: 38117300 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01823-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction plays a central role in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and is closely linked to the severity and mortality of the disease. The inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 infection can alter the capacity of the endothelium to regulate vascular tone, immune responses, and the balance between anti-thrombotic and pro-thrombotic properties. However, the specific endothelial pathways altered during COVID-19 still need to be fully understood. OBJECTIVE In this study, we sought to identify molecular changes in endothelial cells induced by circulating factors characteristic of COVID-19. METHODS AND RESULTS To this aim, we cultured endothelial cells with sera from patients with COVID-19 or non-COVID-19 pneumonia. Through transcriptomic analysis, we were able to identify a distinctive endothelial phenotype that is induced by sera from COVID-19 patients. We confirmed and expanded this observation in vitro by showing that COVID-19 serum alters functional properties of endothelial cells leading to increased apoptosis, loss of barrier integrity, and hypercoagulability. Furthermore, we demonstrated that these endothelial dysfunctions are mediated by protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2), as predicted by transcriptome network analysis validated by in vitro functional assays. CONCLUSION Our findings provide the rationale for further studies to evaluate whether targeting PAR-2 may be a clinically effective strategy to counteract endothelial dysfunction in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Alessia Ascierto
- Department of Translational Medicine and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luisa Marracino
- Department of Translational Medicine and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Severi
- Department of Translational Medicine and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria D'Accolti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical, and Agricultural Sciences, and LTTA, Section of Microbiology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Irene Soffritti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical, and Agricultural Sciences, and LTTA, Section of Microbiology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Marina Camera
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Marco Contoli
- Respiratory Section, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Savino Spadaro
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gianluca Campo
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Ferrari
- Department of Translational Medicine and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Caselli
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical, and Agricultural Sciences, and LTTA, Section of Microbiology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Rizzo
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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5
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Ray JL, Postma B, Kendall RL, Ngo MD, Foo CX, Saunders B, Ronacher K, Gowdy KM, Holian A. Estrogen contributes to sex differences in M2a macrophages during multi-walled carbon nanotube-induced respiratory inflammation. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23350. [PMID: 38071600 PMCID: PMC10752389 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301571rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Lung diseases characterized by type 2 inflammation are reported to occur with a female bias in prevalence/severity in both humans and mice. This includes previous work examining multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-induced eosinophilic inflammation, in which a more exaggerated M2a phenotype was observed in female alveolar macrophages (AMs) compared to males. The mechanisms responsible for this sex difference in AM phenotype are still unclear, but estrogen receptor (ER) signaling is a likely contributor. Accordingly, male AMs downregulated ERα expression after MWCNT exposure while female AMs did not. Thus, ER antagonist Fulvestrant was administered prior to MWCNT instillation. In females, Fulvestrant significantly attenuated MWCNT-induced M2a gene expression and eosinophilia without affecting IL-33. In males, Fulvestrant did not affect eosinophil recruitment but reduced IL-33 and M2a genes compared to controls. Regulation of cholesterol efflux and oxysterol synthesis is a potential mechanism through which estrogen promotes the M2a phenotype. Levels of oxysterols 25-OHC and 7α,25-OHC were higher in the airways of MWCNT-exposed males compared to MWCNT-females, which corresponds with the lower IL-1β production and greater macrophage recruitment previously observed in males. Sex-based changes in cholesterol efflux transporters Abca1 and Abcg1 were also observed after MWCNT exposure with or without Fulvestrant. In vitro culture with estrogen decreased cellular cholesterol and increased the M2a response in female AMs, but did not affect cholesterol content in male AMs and reduced M2a polarization. These results reveal the modulation of (oxy)sterols as a potential mechanism through which estrogen signaling may regulate AM phenotype resulting in sex differences in downstream respiratory inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Ray
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Britten Postma
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Rebekah L. Kendall
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Minh Dao Ngo
- Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Cheng Xiang Foo
- Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brett Saunders
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Katharina Ronacher
- Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kymberly M. Gowdy
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrij Holian
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
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6
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Foo CX, Fessler MB, Ronacher K. Oxysterols in Infectious Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1440:125-147. [PMID: 38036878 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43883-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxysterols have emerged as important bioactive lipids in the immune response to infectious diseases. This chapter discusses our current knowledge of oxysterols and their receptors in bacterial and viral infections of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Oxysterols are produced in response to infections and have multiple roles including chemotaxis of immune cells to the site of infection and regulation of inflammation. Some oxysterols have been shown to possess antiviral or antibacterial activity.Lastly, we delve into the emerging mechanisms of action of oxysterols. Oxysterols can enhance host cell resistance via reduction of membrane accessible cholesterol, modulate membrane immune signalling, and impact inflammasome activation and efferocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng X Foo
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael B Fessler
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Katharina Ronacher
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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7
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Fessler MB, Madenspacher JH, Baker PJ, Hilligan KL, Bohrer AC, Castro E, Meacham J, Chen SH, Johnson RF, McDonald JG, Martin NP, Tucker CJ, Mahapatra D, Cesta M, Mayer-Barber KD. Endogenous and Therapeutic 25-Hydroxycholesterols May Worsen Early SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis in Mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 69:638-648. [PMID: 37578898 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0007oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxysterols (i.e., oxidized cholesterol species) have complex roles in biology. 25-Hydroxycholesterol (25HC), a product of the activity of cholesterol-25-hydroxylase (CH25H) on cholesterol, has recently been shown to be broadly antiviral, suggesting therapeutic potential against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, 25HC can also amplify inflammation and be converted by CYP7B1 (cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily B member 1) to 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol, a lipid with chemoattractant activity, via the G protein-coupled receptor EBI2 (Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 2)/GPR183 (G protein-coupled receptor 183). Here, using in vitro studies and two different murine models of SARS-CoV-2 infection, we investigate the effects of these two oxysterols on SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. We show that although 25HC and enantiomeric-25HC are antiviral in vitro against human endemic coronavirus-229E, they did not inhibit SARS-CoV-2; nor did supplemental 25HC reduce pulmonary SARS-CoV-2 titers in the K18-human ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) mouse model in vivo. Treatment with 25HC also did not alter immune cell influx into the airway, airspace cytokines, lung pathology, weight loss, symptoms, or survival but was associated with increased airspace albumin, an indicator of microvascular injury, and increased plasma proinflammatory cytokines. Conversely, mice treated with the EBI2/GPR183 inhibitor NIBR189 displayed a modest increase in lung viral load only at late time points but no change in weight loss. Consistent with these findings, although Ch25h and 25HC were upregulated in the lungs of SARS-CoV-2-infected wild-type mice, lung viral titers and weight loss in Ch25h-/- and Gpr183-/- mice infected with the β variant were similar to those in control animals. Taken together, endogenous 25HCs do not significantly regulate early SARS-CoV-2 replication or pathogenesis, and supplemental 25HC may have proinjury rather than therapeutic effects in SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Reed F Johnson
- SARS-CoV-2 Virology Core, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jeffrey G McDonald
- Department of Molecular Genetics and
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; and
| | | | - Charles J Tucker
- Fluorescence Microscopy and Imaging Center, Signal Transduction Laboratory, and
| | | | - Mark Cesta
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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Lai B, Jiang H, Liao T, Gao Y, Zhou X. Bioinformatics and system biology analysis revealed the crosstalk between COVID-19 and osteoarthritis. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1123. [PMID: 38156385 PMCID: PMC10739374 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has significantly impacted public health. Moreover, there has been an association between the incidence and severity of osteoarthritis (OA) and the onset of COVID-19. However, the optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for patients with both diseases remain uncertain. Bioinformatics is a novel approach that may help find the common pathology between COVID-19 and OA. METHODS Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by R package "limma." Functional enrichment analyses were performed to find key biological functions. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by STRING database and then Cytoscape was used to select hub genes. External data sets and OA mouse model validated and identified the hub genes in both mRNA and protein levels. Related transcriptional factors (TF) and microRNAs (miRNAs) were predicted with miRTarBase and JASPR database. Candidate drugs were obtained from Drug Signatures database. The immune infiltration levels of COVID-19 and OA were evaluated by CIBERSORT and scRNA-seq. RESULTS A total of 74 common DEGs were identified between COVID-19 and OA. Receiver operating characteristic curves validated the effective diagnostic values (area under curve > 0.7) of four hub genes (matrix metalloproteinases 9, ATF3, CCL4, and RELA) in both the training and validation data sets of COVID-19 and OA. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western Blot showed significantly higher hub gene expression in OA mice than in healthy controls. A total of 84 miRNAs and 28 TFs were identified to regulate the process of hub gene expression. The top 10 potential drugs were screened including "Simvastatin," "Hydrocortisone," and "Troglitazone" which have been proven by Food and Drug Administration. Correlated with hub gene expression, Macrophage M0 was highly expressed while Natural killer cells and Mast cells were low in both COVID-19 and OA. CONCLUSION Four hub genes, disease-related miRNAs, TFs, drugs, and immune infiltration help to understand the pathogenesis and perform further studies, providing a potential therapy target for COVID-19 and OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Lai
- Department of OrthopedicsChangzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Heng Jiang
- Department of OrthopedicsChangzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Taotao Liao
- Department of OrthopedicsChangzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of OrthopedicsChangzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Department of OrthopedicsChangzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
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9
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Qi Z, Zhong W, Jiao B, Chen K, Yang X, Wang L, Zeng W, Huang J, Xie J. Activation of G-protein-coupled receptor 183 initiates inflammatory pain via macrophage CCL22 secretion. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 954:175872. [PMID: 37353188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a major public health problem with limited effective therapeutic options. G-protein-coupled receptors play a significant role in pain modulation; however, whether and how G-protein-coupled receptor 183 participates in pain regulation remain unclear. In the present study, we found that G-protein-coupled receptor 183 expression was specifically upregulated in the hind paws of mice in various inflammatory pain models. Activation of G-protein-coupled receptor 183 induced acute pain, whereas inhibition or silencing of this receptor alleviated mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) model. Mechanistically, activating G-protein-coupled receptor 183 triggers pain responses via the upregulation of C-C motif chemokine 22(CCL22) in macrophages while blocking the CCL22 receptor C-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) attenuates pain hypersensitivity. Taken together, our findings indicate that the G-protein-coupled receptor 183-CCL22 axis has a critical role in the development and maintenance of inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Qi
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Weiqiang Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Boyu Jiao
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Kang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiaohua Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Weian Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Junting Huang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
| | - Jingdun Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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10
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Shi Q, Zhan T, Bi X, Ye BC, Qi N. Cholesterol-autoxidation metabolites in host defense against infectious diseases. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2350501. [PMID: 37369622 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol plays essential roles in biological processes, including cell membrane stability and myelin formation. Cholesterol can be metabolized to oxysterols by enzymatic or nonenzymatic ways. Nonenzymatic cholesterol metabolites, also called cholesterol-autoxidation metabolites, are formed dependent on the oxidation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as OH• or reactive nitrogen species, such as ONOO- . Cholesterol-autoxidation metabolites are abundantly produced in diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and atherosclerosis, which are associated with oxidative stress. Recent studies have shown that cholesterol-autoxidation metabolites can further regulate the immune system. Here, we review the literature and summarize how cholesterol-autoxidation metabolites, such as 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-OHC), 7α/β-OHC, and 7-ketocholesterol, deal with the occurrence and development of infectious diseases through pattern recognition receptors, inflammasomes, ROS production, nuclear receptors, G-protein-coupled receptor 183, and lipid availability. In addition, we include the research regarding the roles of these metabolites in COVID-19 infection and discuss our viewpoints on the future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingzhu Zhan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaobao Bi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bang-Ce Ye
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nan Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Department of Basic Research, Guangzhou International Bio-Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Zhong G, He C, Wang S, Lin C, Li M. Research progress on the mechanism of cholesterol-25-hydroxylase in intestinal immunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1241262. [PMID: 37720208 PMCID: PMC10500599 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1241262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a general term encompassing Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), and other conditions, is a chronic and relapsing autoimmune disease that can occur in any part of the digestive tract. While the cause of IBD remains unclear, it is acknowledged that the disease has much to do with the dysregulation of intestinal immunity. In the intestinal immune regulatory system, Cholesterol-25-hydroxylase (CH25H) plays an important role in regulating the function of immune cells and lipid metabolism through catalyzing the oxidation of cholesterol into 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC). Specifically, CH25H focuses its mechanism of regulating the inflammatory response, signal transduction and cell migration on various types of immune cells by binding to relevant receptors, and the mechanism of regulating lipid metabolism and immune cell function via the transcription factor Sterol Regulator-Binding Protein. Based on this foundation, this article will review the function of CH25H in intestinal immunity, aiming to provide evidence for supporting the discovery of early diagnostic and treatment targets for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mingsong Li
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Research Center, Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Jing H, Chen X, Wang D. Identification of biomarkers associated with diagnosis of acute lung injury based on bioinformatics and machine learning. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34840. [PMID: 37603512 PMCID: PMC10443773 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lung injury (ALI) is an acute inflammatory disease characterized by excess production of inflammatory factors in lung tissue and has a high mortality. This research was designed for the identification of novel diagnostic biomarkers for ALI and analyzing the possible association between critical genes and infiltrated immune cells. METHODS The study used 2 datasets (GSE2411 and GSE18341) to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between 2 groups. Then we performed Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses to identify the functions of these DEGs. The study also used SVM-recursive feature elimination analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression model to screen possible markers. The study further analyzed immune cell infiltration via CIBERSORT. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was used to explore the molecular mechanism of the critical genes. RESULTS DEGs were identified between 2 groups. In total, 690 DEGs were obtained: 527 genes were upregulated and 163 genes were downregulated. We identified PDZK1IP1, CCKAR, and CXCL2 as critical genes. And we then found that these critical genes correlated with Mast Cells, Neutrophil Cells, M1 Macrophage, dendritic cell Actived, Eosinophil Cells, B Cells Naive, Mast Cells, and dendritic cell Immature. Furthermore, we investigated the specific signaling pathways involved in key genes and derived some potential molecular mechanisms by which key genes affect disease progression by use of Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. Moreover, we predict transcription factors. Also, we obtained critical gene-related microRNAs through the targetscan database, and visualized the microRNA network of the genes. CONCLUSION Our findings might provide some novel clue for the exploration of novel markers for ALI diagnosis. The critical genes and their associations with immune infiltration may offer new insight into understanding ALI developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hekun Jing
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaorui Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Daoxin Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Conlon TM, Yildirim AÖ. Oxysterol metabolism dictates macrophage influx during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Eur Respir J 2023; 61:13993003.02417-2022. [PMID: 36858446 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02417-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Conlon
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Helmholtz Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Ali Önder Yildirim
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Helmholtz Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
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Ribeiro ML, Profitós-Pelejà N, Santos JC, Blecua P, Reyes-Garau D, Armengol M, Fernández-Serrano M, Miskin HP, Bosch F, Esteller M, Normant E, Roué G. G protein-coupled receptor 183 mediates the sensitization of Burkitt lymphoma tumors to CD47 immune checkpoint blockade by anti-CD20/PI3Kδi dual therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1130052. [PMID: 37153563 PMCID: PMC10160608 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1130052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immunotherapy-based regimens have considerably improved the survival rate of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) patients in the last decades; however, most disease subtypes remain almost incurable. TG-1801, a bispecific antibody that targets CD47 selectively on CD19+ B-cells, is under clinical evaluation in relapsed/refractory (R/R) B-NHL patients either as a single-agent or in combination with ublituximab, a new generation CD20 antibody. Methods A set of eight B-NHL cell lines and primary samples were cultured in vitro in the presence of bone marrow-derived stromal cells, M2-polarized primary macrophages, and primary circulating PBMCs as a source of effector cells. Cell response to TG-1801 alone or combined with the U2 regimen associating ublituximab to the PI3Kδ inhibitor umbralisib, was analyzed by proliferation assay, western blot, transcriptomic analysis (qPCR array and RNA sequencing followed by gene set enrichment analysis) and/or quantification of antibody-dependent cell death (ADCC) and antibody-dependent cell phagocytosis (ADCP). CRISPR-Cas9 gene edition was used to selectively abrogate GPR183 gene expression in B-NHL cells. In vivo, drug efficacy was determined in immunodeficient (NSG mice) or immune-competent (chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM)) B-NHL xenograft models. Results Using a panel of B-NHL co-cultures, we show that TG-1801, by disrupting the CD47-SIRPα axis, potentiates anti-CD20-mediated ADCC and ADCP. This led to a remarkable and durable antitumor effect of the triplet therapy composed by TG-1801 and U2 regimen, in vitro, as well as in mice and CAM xenograft models of B-NHL. Transcriptomic analysis also uncovered the upregulation of the G protein-coupled and inflammatory receptor, GPR183, as a crucial event associated with the efficacy of the triplet combination. Genetic depletion and pharmacological inhibition of GPR183 impaired ADCP initiation, cytoskeleton remodeling and cell migration in 2D and 3D spheroid B-NHL co-cultures, and disrupted macrophage-mediated control of tumor growth in B-NHL CAM xenografts. Conclusions Altogether, our results support a crucial role for GPR183 in the recognition and elimination of malignant B cells upon concomitant targeting of CD20, CD47 and PI3Kδ, and warrant further clinical evaluation of this triplet regimen in B-NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Lima Ribeiro
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University Medical School, Braganca Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Núria Profitós-Pelejà
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Pedro Blecua
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Diana Reyes-Garau
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Marc Armengol
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miranda Fernández-Serrano
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Francesc Bosch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Experimental Hematology, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituciò Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Gael Roué
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Experimental Hematology, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Gael Roué,
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