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Zhang JJ, Dong X, Liu GH, Gao YD. Risk and Protective Factors for COVID-19 Morbidity, Severity, and Mortality. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2023; 64:90-107. [PMID: 35044620 PMCID: PMC8767775 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-022-08921-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 215.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become an evolving global health crisis. Currently, a number of risk factors have been identified to have a potential impact on increasing the morbidity of COVID-19 in adults, including old age, male sex, pre-existing comorbidities, and racial/ethnic disparities. In addition to these factors, changes in laboratory indices and pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as possible complications, could indicate the progression of COVID-19 into a severe and critical stage. Children predominantly suffer from mild illnesses due to COVID-19. Similar to adults, the main risk factors in pediatric patients include age and pre-existing comorbidities. In contrast, supplementation with a healthy diet and sufficient nutrition, COVID-19 vaccination, and atopic conditions may act as protective factors against the infection of SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 vaccination not only protects vulnerable individuals from SARS-CoV-2 infection, more importantly, it may also reduce the development of severe disease and death due to COVID-19. Currently used therapies for COVID-19 are off-label and empiric, and their impacts on the severity and mortality of COVID-19 are still unclear. The interaction between asthma and COVID-19 may be bidirectional and needs to be clarified in more studies. In this review, we highlight the clinical evidence supporting the rationale for the risk and protective factors for the morbidity, severity, and mortality of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jin Zhang
- Department of Allergology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang Dong
- Department of Allergology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- Department of Allergology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Ya-Dong Gao
- Department of Allergology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
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2
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Shoop-Worrall SJW, Verstappen SMM, Costello W, Angevare SP, Uziel Y, Wouters C, Wulffraat N, Beesley R. COVID-19-related anxiety trajectories in children, young people and adults with rheumatic diseases. Rheumatol Adv Pract 2023; 7:rkad007. [PMID: 36742372 PMCID: PMC9890081 DOI: 10.1093/rap/rkad007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Uncertainty regarding the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), its complications and the safety of immunosuppressive therapies may drive anxiety among adults and parents of children and young people (CYP) with rheumatic diseases. This study explored trajectories of COVID-related anxiety in adults and parents of CYP with rheumatic diseases. Methods Adults and parents of CYP participating in the international COVID-19 European Patient Registry were included in the current study if they had enrolled in the 4 weeks following 24 March 2020. COVID-related anxiety scores (0-10) were collected weekly for up to 28 weeks.Group-based trajectory models explored COVID-related anxiety clusters in adult and parent populations, with optimal models chosen based on model fit, parsimony and clinical plausibility. Demographic, clinical and COVID-19 mitigation behaviours were compared between identified clusters using univariable statistics. Results In 498 parents of CYP and 2640 adults, four common trajectory groups of COVID-related anxiety were identified in each cohort: persistent extreme anxiety (32% and 17%), persistent high anxiety (43% and 41%), improving high anxiety (25% and 32%) and improving moderate anxiety (11% and 10%), respectively. Few characteristics distinguished the clusters in the parent cohort. Higher and more persistent anxiety clusters in the adult cohort were associated with higher levels of respiratory comorbidities, use of immunosuppressive therapies, older age and greater self-isolation. Conclusions COVID-19-related anxiety in the rheumatic disease community was high and persistent during the COVID-19 pandemic, with four common patterns identified. In the adult cohort, higher COVID-related anxiety was related to perceived risk factors for COVID-19 morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J W Shoop-Worrall
- Centre for Health Informatics, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Suzanne M M Verstappen
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Manchester BRC, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Wendy Costello
- European Network for Children with Arthritis, Geneva, Switzerland
- iCAN Ireland, Bansha, Ireland
| | - Saskya P Angevare
- European Network for Children with Arthritis, Geneva, Switzerland
- KAISZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yosef Uziel
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
- Department of Pediatrics, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Carine Wouters
- Pediatric Rheumatology Division, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nico Wulffraat
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Beesley
- European Network for Children with Arthritis, Geneva, Switzerland
- Juvenile Arthritis Research, Tonbridge, UK
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3
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Jan M, Alqahtani M, Amer KA, Althubait B, Aldosari AAS, Al mudawi AAM. COVID-19 and Vaccine Hesitancy: Individual Determinants Among Saudis in Asir Region. Cureus 2022; 14:e22331. [PMID: 35317043 PMCID: PMC8934120 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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4
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Viegi G, Taborda-Barata L. A series of narrative reviews on air pollution and respiratory health for Pulmonology: Why it is important and who should read it. Pulmonology 2022; 28:243-244. [PMID: 35120867 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2021.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G Viegi
- CNR Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), Via U. La Malfa, 153 - 90146 Palermo, Italy; CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), Via Trieste 41 - 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - L Taborda-Barata
- NuESA-Health and Environment Study Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; UBIAir-Clinical & Experimental Lung Centre, UBIMedical, University of Beira Interior, EM506, 6200-000 Covilhã, Portugal; CICS-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
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5
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Merino-Godoy MDLÁ, Moreno-Sánchez E, Gago-Valiente FJ, Costa EI, Sáez-Padilla J. An App about Healthy Habits as an Educational Resource during the Pandemic. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10010148. [PMID: 35052312 PMCID: PMC8775479 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10010148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Educational institutions and their agents play a fundamental role in improving people’s health literacy and quality of life. We intend here to describe and justify an educational resource embodied in an application for mobile devices developed through a subsidized project by the Ministry of Health (Government of Andalusia); the purpose of this app is to educate young people in healthy habits. The application was designed to be easily used in both smartphones and tablets with the aim of achieving good physical, psychological and social health. The project comprises several phases and the results we have so far show that, from an early age, health institutions and educational settings must work in partnership, increasing health literacy levels. This cooperative work combined with the use of this innovative approach presents an important potential for change in the lifestyles of younger generations. This type of intervention took on a special role in the pandemic context, allowing for the maintenance of the educational stimulus in a safe context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emilia Moreno-Sánchez
- Department of Pedagogy, Faculty of Education, Psychology and Sports Sciences, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-6-5501-0969
| | - Francisco-Javier Gago-Valiente
- Health Department of IES Cuenca Minera, Minas de Riotinto (Huelva), Consejería de Educación y Deporte, Junta de Andalucía, 21007 Huelva, Spain;
| | - Emília Isabel Costa
- Nursing Department, Health School, University of Algarve, 8000 Faro, Portugal;
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing, Nursing School of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jesús Sáez-Padilla
- Integrated Didactics Department, Faculty of Education, Psychology and Sports Sciences, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain;
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Ruffin M, Bigot J, Calmel C, Mercier J, Givelet M, Oliva J, Pizzorno A, Rosa-Calatrava M, Corvol H, Balloy V, Terrier O, Guillot L. Flagellin From Pseudomonas aeruginosa Modulates SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity in Cystic Fibrosis Airway Epithelial Cells by Increasing TMPRSS2 Expression. Front Immunol 2021; 12:714027. [PMID: 34950129 PMCID: PMC8688244 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.714027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) health crisis, one major challenge is to identify the susceptibility factors of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in order to adapt the recommendations for populations, as well as to reduce the risk of COVID-19 development in the most vulnerable people, especially patients with chronic respiratory diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF). Airway epithelial cells (AECs) play a critical role in the modulation of both immune responses and COVID-19 severity. SARS-CoV-2 infects the airway through the receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, and a host protease, transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), plays a major role in SARS-CoV-2 infectivity. Here, we show that Pseudomonas aeruginosa increases TMPRSS2 expression, notably in primary AECs with deficiency of the ion channel CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Further, we show that the main component of P. aeruginosa flagella, the protein flagellin, increases TMPRSS2 expression in primary AECs and Calu-3 cells, through activation of Toll-like receptor-5 and p38 MAPK. This increase is particularly seen in Calu-3 cells deficient for CFTR and is associated with an intracellular increased level of SARS-CoV-2 infection, however, with no effect on the amount of virus particles released. Considering the urgency of the COVID-19 health crisis, this result may be of clinical significance for CF patients, who are frequently infected with and colonized by P. aeruginosa during the course of CF and might develop COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Ruffin
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Jeanne Bigot
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, APHP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Claire Calmel
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Julia Mercier
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Maëlle Givelet
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Justine Oliva
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VirPath, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Andrés Pizzorno
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VirPath, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Manuel Rosa-Calatrava
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VirPath, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Harriet Corvol
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
- Pneumologie Pédiatrique, APHP, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Viviane Balloy
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Olivier Terrier
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VirPath, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Loïc Guillot
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
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Moreno-Sánchez E, Castillo-Viera E, Vélez-Moreno E, Gago-Valiente FJ. Facts and Challenges about Asthma and COVID-19 among the Paediatric Population: A Systematic Literature Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:medicina57121306. [PMID: 34946251 PMCID: PMC8706787 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57121306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A systematic review of the literature was conducted to analyse the factors that affect the probability of the paediatric asthma population suffering from COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2, such as asthma phenotypes, inhaled corticosteroids, and the effects of lockdown. This systematic review was based on PRISMA guidelines. A bibliographic search was conducted using BNE, BVS (LILAC), CSIC (IME, ISOC), IBECS, Scielo, Scopus, Medline, and PubMed, using the following search profile: (COVID-19 or 2019-NCOV or SARS-CoV-2 or COV-19) AND asthma AND (children or adolescents or youths or children or teenagers). The results were limited to those articles published between December 2019 and December 2020, selecting only articles published in Spanish, English and French that included the study population (children aged 0–18 years). Among the 1066 results of the bibliographic search and seven articles selected from a manual search, only 19 articles were found to fit our eligibility criteria. Most of the articles highlight the effects of lockdown on the paediatric asthma population, increased therapeutic compliance, and the role of inhaled corticosteroids and intrinsic factors such as ACE2 receptors as causes of the decreased prevalence of COVID-19 among the paediatric asthma population. This population has unique characteristics that serve as protective factors against COVID-19. The safety measures implemented during the lockdown period along with inhaled corticosteroid treatment also contributed to this protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Moreno-Sánchez
- Department of Pedagogy, Faculty of Education, Psychology and Sports Sciences, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain;
| | - Estefanía Castillo-Viera
- Faculty of Education, Psychology and Sports Sciences, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-959219272
| | - Emilia Vélez-Moreno
- Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain;
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Di Cicco M, Tozzi MG, Ragazzo V, Peroni D, Kantar A. Chronic respiratory diseases other than asthma in children: the COVID-19 tsunami. Ital J Pediatr 2021; 47:220. [PMID: 34742332 PMCID: PMC8571868 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-021-01155-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects all components of the respiratory system, including the neuromuscular breathing apparatus, conducting and respiratory airways, pulmonary vascular endothelium, and pulmonary blood flow. In contrast to other respiratory viruses, children have less severe symptoms when infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A minority of children experience a post-infectious inflammatory syndrome, the pathology and long-term outcomes of which are poorly understood. The reason for the lower burden of symptomatic disease in children is not yet clear, but several pathophysiological characteristics are postulated. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has brought distinct challenges to the care of children globally. Proper recommendations have been proposed for a range of non-asthmatic respiratory disorders in children, including primary ciliary dyskinesia and cystic fibrosis. These recommendations involve the continuation of the treatment during this period and ways to maintain stability. School closures, loss of follow-up visit attendance, and loss of other protective systems for children are the indirect outcomes of measures to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, COVID-19 has reshaped the delivery of respiratory care in children, with non-urgent and elective procedures being postponed, and distancing imperatives have led to rapid scaling of telemedicine. The pandemic has seen an unprecedented reorientation in clinical trial research towards COVID-19 and a disruption in other trials worldwide, which will have long-lasting effects on medical science. In this narrative review, we sought to outline the most recent findings on the direct and indirect effects of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on pediatric respiratory chronic diseases other than asthma, by critically revising the most recent literature on the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Di Cicco
- Allergology Section, Paediatrics Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Via Roma n. 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma n. 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Maria Giulia Tozzi
- Allergology Section, Paediatrics Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Via Roma n. 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma n. 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ragazzo
- Paediatrics and Neonatology Division, Women's and Children's Health Department, Versilia Hospital, Via Aurelia n. 335, Lido Di Camaioree, Italy, 55049
| | - Diego Peroni
- Allergology Section, Paediatrics Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Via Roma n. 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma n. 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ahmad Kantar
- Paediatric Asthma and Cough Centre, Istituti Ospedalieri Bergamaschi - Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, via Forlanini n. 15, 24036, Ponte S. Pietro - Bergamo, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina n. 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
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Asif M, Saleem M, Yaseen HS, Yehya AH, Saadullah M, Zubair HM, Oon CE, Khaniabadi PM, Khalid SH, Khan IU, Mahrukh. Potential role of marine species-derived bioactive agents in the management of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Future Microbiol 2021; 16:1289-1301. [PMID: 34689597 PMCID: PMC8592065 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2021-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, has resulted in a massive global health crisis. Bioactive molecules extracted or synthesized using starting material obtained from marine species, including griffithsin, plitidepsin and fingolimod are in clinical trials to evaluate their anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anti-HIV efficacies. The current review highlights the anti-SARS-CoV-2 potential of marine-derived phytochemicals explored using in silico, in vitro and in vivo models. The current literature suggests that these molecules have the potential to bind with various key drug targets of SARS-CoV-2. In addition, many of these agents have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory potentials and thus could play a role in the attenuation of COVID-19 complications. Overall, these agents may play a role in the management of COVID-19, but further preclinical and clinical studies are still required to establish their role in the mitigation of the current viral pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Saleem
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Hafiza Sidra Yaseen
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ashwaq Hs Yehya
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11800, Malaysia
| | - Malik Saadullah
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Chern E Oon
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11800, Malaysia
| | - Pegah Moradi Khaniabadi
- Department of Radiology & Molecular Imaging, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, PO. Box 35, 123, Al Khod, Muscat, Oman
| | - Syed Haroon Khalid
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ikram Ullah Khan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Mahrukh
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
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Martinez-Folgar K, Alburez-Gutierrez D, Paniagua-Avila A, Ramirez-Zea M, Bilal U. Excess Mortality During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Guatemala. Am J Public Health 2021; 111:1839-1846. [PMID: 34554821 PMCID: PMC8561179 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2021.306452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Objectives. To describe excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in Guatemala during 2020 by week, age, sex, and place of death. Methods. We used mortality data from 2015 to 2020, gathered through the vital registration system of Guatemala. We calculated weekly mortality rates, overall and stratified by age, sex, and place of death. We fitted a generalized additive model to calculate excess deaths, adjusting for seasonality and secular trends and compared excess deaths to the official COVID-19 mortality count. Results. We found an initial decline of 26% in mortality rates during the first weeks of the pandemic in 2020, compared with 2015 to 2019. These declines were sustained through October 2020 for the population younger than 20 years and for deaths in public spaces and returned to normal from July onward in the population aged 20 to 39 years. We found a peak of 73% excess mortality in mid-July, especially in the population aged 40 years or older. We estimated a total of 8036 excess deaths (95% confidence interval = 7935, 8137) in 2020, 46% higher than the official COVID-19 mortality count. Conclusions. The extent of this health crisis is underestimated when COVID-19 confirmed death counts are used. (Am J Public Health. 2021;111(10): 1839-1846. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306452).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Martinez-Folgar
- Kevin Martinez-Folgar and Usama Bilal are with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA. Diego Alburez-Gutierrez is with the Laboratory of Digital and Computational Demography, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany. Alejandra Paniagua-Avila is with the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY. Manuel Ramirez-Zea is with the INCAP Research Center for the Prevention of Chronic Diseases, Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Diego Alburez-Gutierrez
- Kevin Martinez-Folgar and Usama Bilal are with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA. Diego Alburez-Gutierrez is with the Laboratory of Digital and Computational Demography, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany. Alejandra Paniagua-Avila is with the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY. Manuel Ramirez-Zea is with the INCAP Research Center for the Prevention of Chronic Diseases, Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Alejandra Paniagua-Avila
- Kevin Martinez-Folgar and Usama Bilal are with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA. Diego Alburez-Gutierrez is with the Laboratory of Digital and Computational Demography, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany. Alejandra Paniagua-Avila is with the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY. Manuel Ramirez-Zea is with the INCAP Research Center for the Prevention of Chronic Diseases, Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Manuel Ramirez-Zea
- Kevin Martinez-Folgar and Usama Bilal are with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA. Diego Alburez-Gutierrez is with the Laboratory of Digital and Computational Demography, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany. Alejandra Paniagua-Avila is with the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY. Manuel Ramirez-Zea is with the INCAP Research Center for the Prevention of Chronic Diseases, Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Usama Bilal
- Kevin Martinez-Folgar and Usama Bilal are with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA. Diego Alburez-Gutierrez is with the Laboratory of Digital and Computational Demography, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany. Alejandra Paniagua-Avila is with the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY. Manuel Ramirez-Zea is with the INCAP Research Center for the Prevention of Chronic Diseases, Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama, Guatemala City, Guatemala
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Oluyase AO, Hocaoglu M, Cripps RL, Maddocks M, Walshe C, Fraser LK, Preston N, Dunleavy L, Bradshaw A, Murtagh FEM, Bajwah S, Sleeman KE, Higginson IJ. The Challenges of Caring for People Dying From COVID-19: A Multinational, Observational Study (CovPall). J Pain Symptom Manage 2021; 62:460-470. [PMID: 33556496 PMCID: PMC7863772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2021.01.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Systematic data on the care of people dying with COVID-19 are scarce. OBJECTIVES To understand the response of and challenges faced by palliative care services during the COVID-19 pandemic, and identify associated factors. METHODS We surveyed palliative care and hospice services, contacted via relevant organizations. Multivariable logistic regression identified associations with challenges. Content analysis explored free text responses. RESULTS A total of 458 services responded; 277 UK, 85 rest of Europe, 95 rest of the world; 81% cared for patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, 77% had staff with suspected or confirmed COVID-19; 48% reported shortages of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), 40% staff shortages, 24% medicines shortages, 14% shortages of other equipment. Services provided direct care and education in symptom management and communication; 91% changed how they worked. Care often shifted to increased community and hospital care, with fewer admissions to inpatient palliative care units. Factors associated with increased odds of PPE shortages were: charity rather than public management (OR 3.07, 95% CI 1.81-5.20), inpatient palliative care unit rather than other settings (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.46-3.75). Being outside the UK was associated with lower odds of staff shortages (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.26-0.76). Staff described increased workload, concerns for their colleagues who were ill, whilst expending time struggling to get essential equipment and medicines, perceiving they were not a front-line service. CONCLUSION Palliative care services were often overwhelmed, yet felt ignored in the COVID-19 response. Palliative care needs better integration with health care systems when planning and responding to future epidemics/pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adejoke O Oluyase
- Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mevhibe Hocaoglu
- Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rachel L Cripps
- Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew Maddocks
- Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Catherine Walshe
- International Observatory on End of Life Care, Division of Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Lorna K Fraser
- Health Sciences, University of York, York, North Yorkshire, UK
| | - Nancy Preston
- International Observatory on End of Life Care, Division of Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Lesley Dunleavy
- International Observatory on End of Life Care, Division of Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Andy Bradshaw
- Wolfson Palliative Care Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Fliss E M Murtagh
- Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation, King's College London, London, UK; Wolfson Palliative Care Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Sabrina Bajwah
- Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation, King's College London, London, UK; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, UK
| | - Katherine E Sleeman
- Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation, King's College London, London, UK; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, UK
| | - Irene J Higginson
- Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation, King's College London, London, UK; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, UK.
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12
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Andersen ZJ, Hoffmann B, Morawska L, Adams M, Furman E, Yorgancioglu A, Greenbaum D, Neira M, Brunekreef B, Forastiere F, Rice MB, Wakenhut F, Coleen E, Boogaard H, Gehring U, Melén E, Ward B, De Matteis S. Air pollution and COVID-19: clearing the air and charting a post-pandemic course: a joint workshop report of ERS, ISEE, HEI and WHO. Eur Respir J 2021; 58:2101063. [PMID: 34385271 PMCID: PMC8361303 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01063-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is now recognised by governments, international institutions and civil society as a major global public health risk factor. The health burden of air pollution is large: 509 000 premature deaths every year in Europe [1] and serious aggravations of heart and lung diseases that affect millions of patients, both children and adults. The European Environmental Agency estimated that in 2018 there were 417 000 premature deaths attributable to particulate matter with diameter <2.5 µm (PM2.5), 55 000 to NO2, and 20 600 to O3 in Europe (table 10.1 in EEA Report 9/2020 [2]). In addition, 4 805 800 years of life lost could be attributed to PM2.5, 623 600 to NO2, and 246 700 to O3 (table 10.2 in [2]). This “silent killer” is one the most important determinants of health, surpassed only by high blood pressure, tobacco use and poor diet. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has raised concerns about whether air pollution can increase the severity of disease and risk of death after infection, as well as facilitate the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Chronic lung disease patients are in the epicentre of the current crisis, as they are more vulnerable to both the adverse effects of a SARS-CoV-2 infection and air pollution exposure, as well as their possible interactions. At the same time, the lockdown measures to control the spread of COVID-19 brought historical short-term reductions in air pollution levels around the globe, and increasing general public interest and demand for clean air policies [3]. The COVID-19 pandemic, an emerging infectious disease probably caused by a spill over from animals, and its possible interactions with air pollution, is an existential reminder that we are a part of a larger ecosystem, and that human health is closely connected with the health of our environment and planet. Here we provide a short summary on the potential role of air pollution in the spread and worsening of health impacts of COVID-19, and on the influence of the pandemic on air pollution levels in Europe. Moreover, we outline the major lessons learned to chart a healthy post-pandemic course. This work summarises the key messages from a workshop that took place on 2 December, 2020, organised by the European Respiratory Society (ERS), the International Society for Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE) and the Health Effects Institute (HEI), endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO), and hosted by the European Parliament Lung Health Group and the European Commission (table 1). The potential role of air pollution in the worsening of health impacts of COVID-19, and the influence of the pandemic on air pollution levels in Europe is explored. This editorial outlines the major lessons learned to chart a healthy post-pandemic course. https://bit.ly/3hmbaya
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorana J Andersen
- Environmental Epidemiology Group, Section of Environmental Health, Dept of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Barbara Hoffmann
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lidia Morawska
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health (ILAQH), School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Martin Adams
- European Environment Agency, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eeva Furman
- Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arzu Yorgancioglu
- Celal Bayar University Medical Faculty, Dept of Pulmonology, Manisa, Turkey
| | | | - Maria Neira
- World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mary B Rice
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - François Wakenhut
- Clean Air Unit, Directorate-General Environment, European Commission, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Erika Coleen
- Belgian Asthma and Allergy Association, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Ulrike Gehring
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Melén
- Dept of Clinical Sciences and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brian Ward
- European Respiratory Society, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sara De Matteis
- Dept of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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13
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Franco PA, Jezler S, Cruz AA. Is asthma a risk factor for coronavirus disease-2019 worse outcomes? The answer is no, but …. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 21:223-228. [PMID: 33534417 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To search for evidence on whether having asthma increases the risk of poor outcomes of COVID-19 and report on recommendations on optimal asthma management in times of COVID-19. RECENT FINDINGS Patients with asthma are neither at greater risk of becoming infected by SARS-CoV-2 nor they are at risk of complications of COVID-19 but those requiring frequent use of oral corticosteroid may be at greater risk. SUMMARY In general, patients with asthma are not at risk of COVID-19 morbidity or mortality. On the contrary, patients with asthma may be at lower risk of hospitalizations during the COVID-19 pandemic. This may be related to asthma and its treatment, to patient's behavior, to the health system, and to collective changes in activities. It is likely that reduction in respiratory infections because of social distancing, face masks, and hand washing have a role in the reduction in asthma hospitalizations. Management of asthma in times of COVID-19 must be optimized, medication have to be used regularly and exacerbations detected early. Systemic corticosteroids may be used for control of severe asthma or severe exacerbations. Patient education on an action plan is crucial, as well as facilitating communications with the healthcare team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila A Franco
- Divisions of Allergy-Immunology and Pulmonology, São Paulo University Hospital, Sao Paulo
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14
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Proteomics of extracellular vesicles in plasma reveals the characteristics and residual traces of COVID-19 patients without underlying diseases after 3 months of recovery. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:541. [PMID: 34035220 PMCID: PMC8146187 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03816-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
More and more patients suffered from Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have got recovery gradually due to suitable intervention. Increasing data mainly studies the clinical characteristics of recovered COVID-19 patients, and their molecular changes especially proteome changes also play the same important role in understanding of biological characteristics of recovered COVID-19 patients as clinical characteristics do. In our study, we reported the whole lung-ground glass-CT value-average of mild/severe recovered patients 3 months after discharge without underlying diseases was significantly lower than that of healthy subjects. Then we isolated the extracellular vesicles (EVs) of plasma from 19 healthy subjects and 67 recovered COVID-19 patients. Mass Spectrometry was used to catalogue the proteins of these EVs compared to a defined group of controls. Identified 174 proteins were differentially expressed in the EVs of COVID-19 patients compared with healthy subjects, which involved in lipid metabolic process, response to cellular, and response to stress oxygen-containing compound. Besides, we identified several protein of plasma EVs in recovered patients associated with coagulation activity, inflammatory reaction, immune response, and low organ function. In addition, proteins correlating with clinical index such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were also detected. Moreover, we also identified many unique or characteristic associations found in the recovered COVID-19 patients, which especially involved the kidney, serum electrolyte levels, and inflammation functions. This finding suggests that monitoring the situation of recovered patients might be useful, especially the indexes of coagulation, inflammation, immunity, and organ function, which can prevent bleeding, reinfection and organ dysfunction.
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15
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Jindal SK. Caring for respiratory disease in India in the COVID era. Expert Rev Respir Med 2021; 15:959-961. [PMID: 33929927 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2021.1924682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Khatib MY, Mahgoub OB, Elzain M, Ahmed AA, Mohamed AS, Nashwan AJ. Managing a patient with bipolar disorder associated with COVID-19: A case report from Qatar. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:2285-2288. [PMID: 33936680 PMCID: PMC8077261 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.4015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This case highlights an atypical presentation of a patient with unknown history of mental disease who has been diagnosed with a bipolar disorder associated with severe COVID-19 symptoms. Neuroimaging was only positive for subtle white matter changes; he was treated with antipsychotics and mood-stabilizing agents until he reached partial remission. The authors urge clinicians to consider the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with mental illness and the urgent need for vigilant monitoring of presenting signs and symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Y. Khatib
- Critical Care Medicine DepartmentHazm Mebaireek General Hospital (HMGH)Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC)DohaQatar
| | - Omer B. Mahgoub
- Mental Health Services (MHS)Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC)DohaQatar
| | - Marwa Elzain
- Mental Health Services (MHS)Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC)DohaQatar
| | - Amna A. Ahmed
- Critical Care Medicine DepartmentHazm Mebaireek General Hospital (HMGH)Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC)DohaQatar
| | - Ahmed S. Mohamed
- Critical Care Medicine DepartmentHazm Mebaireek General Hospital (HMGH)Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC)DohaQatar
| | - Abdulqadir J. Nashwan
- Critical Care Medicine DepartmentHazm Mebaireek General Hospital (HMGH)Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC)DohaQatar
- Mental Health Services (MHS)Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC)DohaQatar
- University of Calgary in QatarDohaQatar
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Barh D, Tiwari S, Andrade BS, Weener ME, Góes-Neto A, Azevedo V, Ghosh P, Blum K, Ganguly NK. A novel multi-omics-based highly accurate prediction of symptoms, comorbid conditions, and possible long-term complications of COVID-19. Mol Omics 2021; 17:317-337. [PMID: 33683246 DOI: 10.1039/d0mo00189a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive clinical pictures, comorbid conditions, and long-term complications of COVID-19 are still unknown. Recently, using a multi-omics-based strategy, we predicted potential drugs for COVID-19 with ∼70% accuracy. Herein, using a novel multi-omics-based bioinformatic approach and three ways of analysis, we identified the symptoms, comorbid conditions, and short-, mid-, and possible long-term complications of COVID-19 with >90% precision including 27 parent, 170 child, and 403 specific conditions. Among the specific conditions, 36 viral, 53 short-term, 62 short-mid-long-term, 194 mid-long-term, and 57 congenital conditions are identified. At a threshold "count of occurrence" of 4, we found that 83-100% (average 92.67%) of enriched conditions are associated with COVID-19. Except for dry cough and loss of taste, all the other COVID-19-associated mild and severe symptoms are enriched. CVDs, and pulmonary, metabolic, musculoskeletal, neuropsychiatric, kidney, liver, and immune system disorders are top comorbid conditions. Specific diseases like myocardial infarction, hypertension, COPD, lung injury, diabetes, cirrhosis, mood disorders, dementia, macular degeneration, chronic kidney disease, lupus, arthritis, etc. along with several other NCDs were found to be top candidates. Interestingly, many cancers and congenital disorders associated with COVID-19 severity are also identified. Arthritis, gliomas, diabetes, psychiatric disorders, and CVDs having a bidirectional relationship with COVID-19 are also identified as top conditions. Based on our accuracy (>90%), the long-term presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in human, and our "genetic remittance" assumption, we hypothesize that all the identified top-ranked conditions could be potential long-term consequences in COVID-19 survivors, warranting long-term observational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debmalya Barh
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, WB, India.
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Impact of COVID-19 on the Most Frequent Middle and Lower Obstructive Airway Diseases/Syndromes in Adult Population. Arch Bronconeumol 2021; 57:7-8. [PMID: 34629628 PMCID: PMC7927575 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yang S, Chen Y, Zhou L, Huang Y, Dai J. Willingness to Adopt mHealth Among Chinese Parents During the COVID-19 Outbreak: Cross-sectional Questionnaire Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2021; 9:e23155. [PMID: 33406052 PMCID: PMC7843007 DOI: 10.2196/23155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parental involvement in mobile health (mHealth) to consult with medical professionals appears to be prevalent in China with the rapid development of the internet. More parents with busy jobs have chosen to use mHealth. During the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak, mHealth can assist with health promotion, directions for medication use, and disease diagnosis via online chat and video consultation without contacting others. To our knowledge, no studies have been performed to explore the role of mHealth in parents’ attitudes toward child health care at home during the COVID-19 outbreak. Objective This study aims to identify the associated factors of willingness to adopt mHealth among Chinese parents during the COVID-19 outbreak and to explore the correlation between the frequency of adopting mHealth and parents’ attitudes toward child health care at home. Methods Chinese parents were asked to complete an online survey from January 25 to February 15, 2020. The questionnaire comprised of two parts with a total of 16 items, including parents’ demographic variables and attitudes toward child health care at home. By multivariate logistic regression, we explored factors associated with parents’ willingness to adopt mHealth during the COVID-19 outbreak. Pearson chi-square tests were used to reveal the correlation between the frequency of adopting mHealth and parents’ attitudes toward child health care at home. Results A total of 254 parents enrolled, and 202 (79.5%) parents were willing to adopt mHealth during the COVID-19 outbreak. Parents’ age (26-35 years: adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 8.114, 95% CI 1.471-44.764), parents’ interest in the COVID-19 pandemic (moderate: AOR 8.753, 95% CI 2.009-38.127; high: AOR 22.194, 95% CI 5.509-89.411), the source that recommended mHealth (medical health providers: AOR 4.257, 95% CI 1.439-12.596), the presence of chronic disease in their children (yes: AOR 20.844, 95% CI 4.600-94.443), parents’ duration of daily internet use (4-6 hours: AOR 6.487, 95% CI 1.870-22.495; >6 hours: AOR 8.766, 95% CI 1.883-40.804), and adoption of mHealth before the COVID-19 outbreak (yes: AOR 3.413, 95% CI 1.234-9.444) were significantly correlated with the parents’ willingness to adopt mHealth during the COVID-19 outbreak. The frequency of mHealth use among parents was correlated with their behaviors in regard to handwashing (χ26=18.967, P=.004), mask wearing (χ26=45.364, P<.001), frequency of leaving the home (χ26=16.767, P=.01), room disinfection and ventilation (χ26=19.515, P=.003), temperature checking (χ26=17.47, P=.007), and mental health care of children (χ26=63.810, P<.001) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions We found various objective factors that were associated with parents’ willingness to adopt mHealth during the COVID-19 outbreak. Overall, parents’ willingness to adopt mHealth was high. The frequency of mHealth use among parents was correlated with their attitudes toward child health care at home. The option of mHealth to patients at home during the COVID-19 outbreak would be beneficial for education and improvement in self-management of child health care at home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Yang
- Nursing Department, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yijing Chen
- Wuhan Mental Health Center-affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Leshan Zhou
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuting Huang
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiahui Dai
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Puchner B, Sahanic S, Kirchmair R, Pizzini A, Sonnweber B, Wöll E, Mühlbacher A, Garimorth K, Dareb B, Ehling R, Wenter J, Schneider S, Brenneis C, Weiss G, Tancevski I, Sonnweber T, Löffler-Ragg J. Beneficial effects of multi-disciplinary rehabilitation in postacute COVID-19: an observational cohort study. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2021; 57:189-198. [PMID: 33448756 DOI: 10.23736/s1973-9087.21.06549-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic increases the demand for postacute care in patients after a severe disease course. Various long-term sequelae are expected and rehabilitation medicine is challenged to support physical and cognitive recovery. AIM We aimed to explore the dysfunctions and outcome of COVID-19 survivors after early postacute rehabilitation. DESIGN Observational cohort study. METHODS This study evaluated the postacute sequelae of patients hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection and analyzed rehabilitative outcomes of a subgroup of patients included in the prospective observational multicenter CovILD study. RESULTS A total of 23 subjects discharged after severe to critical COVID-19 infection underwent an individualized, multiprofessional rehabilitation. At the start of postacute rehabilitation, impairment of pulmonary function (87%), symptoms related to postintensive care syndrome, and neuropsychological dysfunction (85%) were frequently found, whereas cardiac function appeared to be largely unaffected. Of interest, multi-disciplinary rehabilitation resulted in a significant improvement in lung function, as reflected by an increase of forced vital capacity (P=0.007) and forced expiratory volume in one second (P=0.014), total lung capacity (P=0.003), and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (P=0.002). Accordingly, physical performance status significantly improved as reflected by a mean increase of six-minute walking distance by 176 (SD±137) meters. Contrarily, a considerable proportion of patients still had limited diffusion capacity (83%) or neurological symptoms including peripheral neuropathy at the end of rehabilitation. CONCLUSIONS Individuals discharged after a severe course of COVID-19 frequently present with persisting physical and cognitive dysfunctions after hospital discharge. Those patients significantly benefit from multi-disciplinary inpatient rehabilitation. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT Our data demonstrated the highly promising effects of early postacute rehabilitation in survivors of severe or critical COVID-19. This findings urge further prospective evaluations and may impact future treatment and rehabilitation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Puchner
- Clinic for Rehabilitation Münster and Karl Landsteiner Institut für Interdisziplinäre Forschung am Reha Zentrum Münster, Münster, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sabina Sahanic
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rudolf Kirchmair
- Clinic for Rehabilitation Münster and Karl Landsteiner Institut für Interdisziplinäre Forschung am Reha Zentrum Münster, Münster, Austria
| | - Alex Pizzini
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bettina Sonnweber
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vinzenz Hospital, Zams, Austria
| | - Ewald Wöll
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vinzenz Hospital, Zams, Austria
| | - Andreas Mühlbacher
- Clinic for Rehabilitation Münster and Karl Landsteiner Institut für Interdisziplinäre Forschung am Reha Zentrum Münster, Münster, Austria
| | - Katja Garimorth
- Clinic for Rehabilitation Münster and Karl Landsteiner Institut für Interdisziplinäre Forschung am Reha Zentrum Münster, Münster, Austria
| | - Bernhard Dareb
- Clinic for Rehabilitation Münster and Karl Landsteiner Institut für Interdisziplinäre Forschung am Reha Zentrum Münster, Münster, Austria
| | - Rainer Ehling
- Clinic for Rehabilitation Münster and Karl Landsteiner Institut für Interdisziplinäre Forschung am Reha Zentrum Münster, Münster, Austria
| | - Johanna Wenter
- Clinic for Rehabilitation Münster and Karl Landsteiner Institut für Interdisziplinäre Forschung am Reha Zentrum Münster, Münster, Austria
| | - Sybille Schneider
- Clinic for Rehabilitation Münster and Karl Landsteiner Institut für Interdisziplinäre Forschung am Reha Zentrum Münster, Münster, Austria
| | - Christian Brenneis
- Clinic for Rehabilitation Münster and Karl Landsteiner Institut für Interdisziplinäre Forschung am Reha Zentrum Münster, Münster, Austria
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ivan Tancevski
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Sonnweber
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria -
| | - Judith Löffler-Ragg
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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21
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Esmail Karar M, Reyad O, Abd-Elnaby M, Abdel-Aty AH, Ahmed Shouman M. Lightweight Transfer Learning Models for Ultrasound-Guided Classification of COVID-19 Patients. COMPUTERS, MATERIALS & CONTINUA 2021; 69:2295-2312. [DOI: 10.32604/cmc.2021.018671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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22
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Rogliani P, Lauro D, Di Daniele N, Chetta A, Calzetta L. Reduced risk of COVID-19 hospitalization in asthmatic and COPD patients: a benefit of inhaled corticosteroids? Expert Rev Respir Med 2020; 15:561-568. [PMID: 33183113 PMCID: PMC7752139 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2021.1850275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background: The comorbidities and clinical signs of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients have been reported mainly as descriptive statistics, rather than quantitative analysis even in very large investigations. The aim of this study was to identify specific patients’ characteristics that may modulate COVID-19 hospitalization risk. Research design and methods: A pooled analysis was performed on high-quality epidemiological studies to quantify the prevalence (%) of comorbidities and clinical signs in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Pooled data were used to calculate the relative risk (RR) of specific comorbidities by matching the frequency of comorbidities in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with those of general population. Results: The most frequent comorbidities were hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular and/or cerebrovascular diseases. The RR of COVID-19 hospitalization was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in patients with asthma (0.86, 0.77–0.97) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (0.46, 0.40–0.52). The most frequent clinical signs were fever and cough. Conclusion: The clinical signs of hospitalized COVID-19 patients are similar to those of other infective diseases. Patients with asthma or COPD were at lower hospitalization risk. This paradoxical evidence could be related with the protective effect of inhaled corticosteroids that are administered worldwide to most asthmatic and COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rogliani
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Lauro
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Di Daniele
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Chetta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Luigino Calzetta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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23
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Tan LF, Chua JW. Preventing the spread of COVID-19 in custodial settings. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115337. [PMID: 32795889 PMCID: PMC7831787 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Feng Tan
- Division of Healthy Ageing, Alexandra Hospital, Singapore; Site Director, Geriatrics Senior Residency Programme, Singapore.
| | - Joo Wei Chua
- Fast and Chronic Programme, Alexandra Hospital, Singapore; Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
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