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Šimková A, Civáňová Křížová K, Voříšková K, Vetešník L, Bystrý V, Demko M. Transcriptome Profile Analyses of Head Kidney in Roach ( Rutilus rutilus), Common Bream ( Abramis brama) and Their Hybrids: Does Infection by Monogenean Parasites in Freshwater Fish Reveal Differences in Fish Vigour among Parental Species and Their Hybrids? BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1199. [PMID: 37759598 PMCID: PMC10525477 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid generations usually face either a heterosis advantage or a breakdown, that can be expressed by the level of parasite infection in hybrid hosts. Hybrids are less infected by parasites than parental species (especially F1 generations) or more infected than parental species (especially post-F1 generations). We performed the experiment with blood-feeding gill parasite Paradiplozoon homoion (Monogenea) infecting leuciscid species, Abramis brama and Rutilus rutilus, their F1 generation and two backcross generations. Backcross generations tended to be more parasitized than parental lines and the F1 generation. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was lower in F1 hybrids and higher in backcross hybrids when compared to each of the parental lines. The main groups of DEGs were shared among lines; however, A. brama and R. rutilus differed in some of the top gene ontology (GO) terms. DEG analyses revealed the role of heme binding and erythrocyte differentiation after infection by blood-feeding P. homoion. Two backcross generations shared some of the top GO terms, representing mostly downregulated genes associated with P. homoion infection. KEGG analysis revealed the importance of disease-associated pathways; the majority of them were shared by two backcross generations. Our study revealed the most pronounced DEGs associated with blood-feeding monogeneans in backcross hybrids, potentially (but not exclusively) explainable by hybrid breakdown. The lower DEGs reported in F1 hybrids being less parasitized than backcross hybrids is in line with the hybrid advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Šimková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.C.K.); (K.V.)
| | - Kristína Civáňová Křížová
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.C.K.); (K.V.)
| | - Kristýna Voříšková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.C.K.); (K.V.)
| | - Lukáš Vetešník
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.C.K.); (K.V.)
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 603 65 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.V.)
| | - Vojtěch Bystrý
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Martin Demko
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.C.K.); (K.V.)
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.B.); (M.D.)
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Dedić N, Vetešník L, Šimková A. Monogeneans in intergeneric hybrids of leuciscid fish: Is parasite infection driven by hybrid heterosis, genetic incompatibilities, or host-parasite coevolutionary interactions? Front Zool 2023; 20:5. [PMID: 36703186 PMCID: PMC9881282 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-022-00481-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain parasite infection in parental species and their hybrids. Hybrid heterosis is generally applied to explain the advantage for F1 generations of hybrids exhibiting a lower level of parasite infection when compared to parental species. Post-F1 generations often suffer from genetic incompatibilities potentially reflected in the higher level of parasite infection when compared to parental species. However, the presence of specific parasites in an associated host is also limited by close coevolutionary genetic host-parasite associations. This study focused on monogenean parasites closely associated with two leuciscid fish species-common bream and roach-with the aim of comparing the level of monogenean infection between parental species and hybrids representing two F1 generations with different mtDNA and two backcross generations with different cyto-nuclear compositions. RESULTS Monogenean infection in F1 generations of hybrids was lower when compared to parental species, in line with the hybrid heterosis hypothesis. Monogenean infection in backcross generations exhibited similarities with the parental species whose genes contributed more to the backcross genotype. The distribution of monogeneans associated with one or the other parental species showed the same asymmetry with a higher proportion of roach-associated monogeneans in both F1 generations and backcross generation with roach in the paternal position. A higher proportion of common bream-associated monogeneans was found in backcross generation with common bream in the paternal position. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that cyto-nuclear incompatibilities in hybrids do not induce higher monogenean infection in backcross generations when compared to parental species. However, as backcross hybrids with a higher proportion of the genes of one parental taxon also exhibited high level of this parental taxon-associated parasites, host-parasite coevolutionary interactions seem to play an obvious role in determining the level of infection of host-specific monogeneans in hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neira Dedić
- grid.10267.320000 0001 2194 0956Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Vetešník
- grid.10267.320000 0001 2194 0956Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic ,grid.418095.10000 0001 1015 3316Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 603 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Šimková
- grid.10267.320000 0001 2194 0956Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
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Cheng L, Song D, Yu X, Du X, Huo T. Endangered Schizothoracin Fish in the Tarim River Basin Are Threatened by Introgressive Hybridization. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11070981. [PMID: 36101362 PMCID: PMC9311807 DOI: 10.3390/biology11070981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Interspecific hybridization and introgression may threaten the survival of endangered species. Big-head Schizothoracin (Aspiorhynchus laticeps) and Tarim Schizothoracin (Schizothorax biddulphi) are two recognized types of fish of Schizothoracinae which belong to the family Cyprinidae. Big-head Schizothoracin and Tarim Schizothoracin are sympatrically distributed in the Tarim River basin in Xinjiang, China, and have been listed as first-class and second-class national key protected animals, respectively. Based on morphological characteristics, Schizothorax esocinus (another Schizothoracin that occurs in the Tarim River basin) is speculated to be hybrid offspring of Big-head Schizothoracin and Tarim Schizothoracin, but there is no direct genetic evidence for this point. In this study, the hybridization status of Schizothorax esocinus was confirmed by comparing genetic constitutions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and inter transcribed spacer (ITS2) encoded by the nuclear genome. Extensive hybridization and introgression between Big-head Schizothoracin and Tarim Schizothoracin was detected. Since both Big-head Schizothoracin and Tarim Schizothoracin are critically endangered fishes, risk management due to hybridization is recommended to be considered as a part of current conservation programs. Abstract Big-head Schizothoracin (Aspiorhynchus laticeps) and Tarim Schizothoracin (Schizothorax biddulphi) are locally sympatric in the Tarim River Basin. Although another Schizothoracin (Schizothorax esocinus) in Tarim River basin has been speculated to be hybrid offspring of Big-head Schizothoracin and Tarim Schizothoracin, there was no genetic evidence. Previous studies on the genetics and evolution of Schizothoracins in Xinjiang Province were mostly based on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), whose characteristics of maternal inheritance made it hard to answer the question of whether there was hybridization and introgression between Big-head Schizothoracin and Tarim Schizothoracin. In this study, cytochrome b (cytb) gene of mtDNA and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) that is encoded by the nuclear genome were genotyped within the entire samples at the same time. Our results confirmed that Schizothorax esocinus was the hybrid offspring of Big-head Schizothoracin and Tarim Schizothoracin. The heterozygous ITS2 genotypes and/or Aspiorhynchus laticeps-like mtDNA were also detected in a subset of samples that should have been identified as pure Schizothorax biddulphi based on morphology. The ITS2 is characterized by multi-copy, concert evolution, and biparental inheritance. Thus, by comparing with mtDNA data, broad-scale bidirectional hybridization and introgression between Big-head Schizothoracin and Tarim Schizothoracin were revealed. Although interspecific hybridization may play a positive role in ecology and evolution, interspecific hybrids could threaten their parental species by the swamping of genetics and demography. As both parents of hybridization are critically endangered fishes, in this case, it is urgently necessary to strengthen the scientific assessment of the risks of the hybrids and the control of the hybridization and introgression between Aspiorhynchus laticeps and Schizothorax biddulphi in the Tarim River Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xue Du
- Correspondence: (X.D.); (T.H.)
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Phylogeography of Sarmarutilus rubilio (Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae): Complex Genetic Structure, Clues to a New Cryptic Species and Further Insights into Roaches Phylogeny. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13061071. [PMID: 35741833 PMCID: PMC9222716 DOI: 10.3390/genes13061071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Italy hosts a large number of endemic freshwater fish species due to complex geological events which promoted genetic differentiation and allopatric speciation. Among them, the South European roach Sarmarutilus rubilio inhabits various freshwater environments in three different ichthyogeographic districts. We investigated the genetic diversity of S. rubilio using two different mitochondrial markers (COI and CR), aiming to define its relationship with other similar taxa from the Balkan area and, from a phylogeographic perspective, test the effects of past hydrogeological dynamics of Italian river basins on its genetic structure and demographic history. Our analysis highlighted a marked genetic divergence between S. rubilio and all other roach species and, among Italian samples, revealed the existence of three deeply divergent geographic haplogroups, named A, B and C. Haplogroup C likely corresponds to a new putative cryptic species and is located at the northern border of the South European roach range; haplogroup B is restricted to Southern Italy; and haplogroup A is widespread across the entire range and in some sites it is in co-occurrence with C or B. Their origin is probably related to the tectonic uplifting of the Apuan Alps in the north and of the Colli Albani Volcano in the south during the Pleistocene, which promoted isolation and vicariance followed by secondary contacts.
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5
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Balakirev ES. Recombinant Mitochondrial Genomes Reveal Recent Interspecific Hybridization between Invasive Salangid Fishes. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:661. [PMID: 35629328 PMCID: PMC9144084 DOI: 10.3390/life12050661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The interspecific recombination of the mitochondrial (mt) genome, if not an experimental artifact, may result from interbreeding of species with broken reproductive barriers, which, in turn, is a frequent consequence of human activities including species translocations, habitat modifications, and climate change. This issue, however, has not been addressed for Protosalanx chinensis and other commercially important and, simultaneously, invasive salangid fishes that were the product of successful aquaculture in China. To assess the probability of interspecific hybridization, we analyzed the patterns of diversity and recombination in the complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes of these fishes using the GenBank resources. A sliding window analysis revealed a non-uniform distribution of the intraspecific differences in P. chinensis with four highly pronounced peaks of divergence centered at the COI, ND4L-ND4, and ND5 genes, and also at the control region. The corresponding divergent regions in P. chinensis show a high sequence similarity (99−100%) to the related salangid fishes, Neosalanx tangkahkeii and N. anderssoni. This observation suggests that the divergent regions of P. chinensis may represent a recombinant mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) containing mt genome fragments belonging to different salangid species. Indeed, four, highly significant (pairwise homoplasy index test, P < 0.00001) signals of recombination have been revealed at coordinates closely corresponding to the divergent regions. The recombinant fragments are, however, not fixed, and different mt genomes of P. chinensis are mosaic, containing different numbers of recombinant events. These facts, along with the high similarity or full identity of the recombinant fragments between the donor and the recipient sequences, indicate a recent interspecific hybridization between P. chinensis and two Neosalanx species. Alternative hypotheses, including taxonomical misidentifications, sequence misalignments, DNA contamination, and/or artificial PCR recombinants, are not supported by the data. The recombinant fragments revealed in our study represent diagnostic genetic markers for the identification and distinguishing of hybrids, which can be used to control the invasive dynamics of hybrid salangid fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniy S Balakirev
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, Russia
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6
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Lorencen BM, Homola JJ, Robinson JD, Scribner KT. Quantifying nonlinear temporal effects of ethanol preservation on round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) anatomical traits. J Morphol 2021; 282:1772-1784. [PMID: 34652032 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Geometric morphometrics provides a powerful means of evaluating differences in phenotypic traits among specimens. However, inferences of trait variability can be confounded when measurements are based on preserved samples. We evaluated effects of ethanol preservation on morphology over a 22-week time period for a Laurentian Great Lakes invasive fish, round goby (Neogobius melanostomus, Pallas 1814), using sets of 17 lateral and six dorsal landmarks. We tested whether ethanol preservation affected the magnitude of inter-population variation between individuals collected from lake and river habitats. Generalized least square regression determined that length did not significantly vary through the preservation time series for fish from either population, while mass decreased significantly. Body shape variation was summarized using principal component analysis, which revealed that most preservation-associated changes occurred in the first 14 days. The lateral shape experienced a large magnitude change during the first 24 h in ethanol then only minor changes for the remainder of the study. The dorsal shape began to revert to pre-preservation measurements about 14 days following preservation. Additionally, differences in shape were apparent between the two populations throughout the experiment; however, the magnitude of differences between populations varied depending on whether dorsal or lateral landmarks were considered. Our study demonstrates that tissue responses to ethanol preservation can be more complex than a simple loss of mass, resulting in difficult to predict consequences for geometric morphometric analyses, including variable responses depending on the anatomical region being analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey M Lorencen
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Jared J Homola
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - John D Robinson
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Kim T Scribner
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Aguirre‐Sarabia I, Díaz‐Arce N, Pereda‐Agirre I, Mendibil I, Urtizberea A, Gerritsen HD, Burns F, Holmes I, Landa J, Coscia I, Quincoces I, Santurtún M, Zanzi A, Martinsohn JT, Rodríguez‐Ezpeleta N. Evidence of stock connectivity, hybridization, and misidentification in white anglerfish supports the need of a genetics-informed fisheries management framework. Evol Appl 2021; 14:2221-2230. [PMID: 34603494 PMCID: PMC8477593 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding population connectivity within a species as well as potential interactions with its close relatives is crucial to define management units and to derive efficient management actions. However, although genetics can reveal mismatches between biological and management units and other relevant but hidden information such as species misidentification or hybridization, the uptake of genetic methods by the fisheries management process is far from having been consolidated. Here, we have assessed the power of genetics to better understand the population connectivity of white (Lophius piscatorius) and its interaction with its sister species, the black anglerfish (Lophius budegassa). Our analyses, based on thousands of genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms, show three findings that are crucial for white anglerfish management. We found (i) that white anglerfish is likely composed of a single panmictic population throughout the Northeast Atlantic, challenging the three-stock based management, (ii) that a fraction of specimens classified as white anglerfish using morphological characteristics are genetically identified as black anglerfish (L. budegassa), and iii) that the two Lophius species naturally hybridize leading to a population of hybrids of up to 20% in certain areas. Our results set the basics for a genetics-informed white anglerfish assessment framework that accounts for stock connectivity, revises and establishes new diagnostic characters for Lophius species identification, and evaluates the effect of hybrids in the current and future assessments of the white anglerfish. Furthermore, our study contributes to provide additional evidence of the potentially negative consequences of ignoring genetic data for assessing fisheries resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imanol Aguirre‐Sarabia
- Marine ResearchAZTI Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)SukarrietaBizkaiaSpain
| | - Natalia Díaz‐Arce
- Marine ResearchAZTI Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)SukarrietaBizkaiaSpain
| | - Iker Pereda‐Agirre
- Marine ResearchAZTI Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)SukarrietaBizkaiaSpain
| | - Iñaki Mendibil
- Marine ResearchAZTI Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)SukarrietaBizkaiaSpain
| | - Agurtzane Urtizberea
- Marine ResearchAZTI Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)SukarrietaBizkaiaSpain
| | | | - Finlay Burns
- Marine LaboratoryMarine Scotland ScienceAberdeenshireUK
| | - Ian Holmes
- Lowestoft LaboratoryCentre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture ScienceLowestoftSuffolkUK
| | - Jorge Landa
- Centro Oceanográfico de SantanderInstituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO)SantanderSpain
| | - Ilaria Coscia
- School of Science, Engineering and EnvironmentUniversity of SalfordSalfordUK
| | - Iñaki Quincoces
- Marine ResearchAZTI Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)SukarrietaBizkaiaSpain
| | - Marina Santurtún
- Marine ResearchAZTI Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)SukarrietaBizkaiaSpain
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Diversity of MHC IIB genes and parasitism in hybrids of evolutionarily divergent cyprinoid species indicate heterosis advantage. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16860. [PMID: 34413384 PMCID: PMC8376869 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96205-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are an essential component of the vertebrate immune system and MHC genotypes may determine individual susceptibility to parasite infection. In the wild, selection that favors MHC variability can create situations in which interspecies hybrids experience a survival advantage. In a wild system of two naturally hybridizing leuciscid fish, we assessed MHC IIB genetic variability and its potential relationships to hosts' ectoparasite communities. High proportions of MHC alleles and parasites were species-specific. Strong positive selection at specific MHC codons was detected in both species and hybrids. MHC allele expression in hybrids was slightly biased towards the maternal species. Controlling for a strong seasonal effect on parasite communities, we found no clear associations between host-specific parasites and MHC alleles or MHC supertypes. Hybrids shared more MHC alleles with the more MHC-diverse parental species, but expressed intermediate numbers of MHC alleles and positively selected sites. Hybrids carried significantly fewer ectoparasites than either parent species, suggesting a hybrid advantage via potential heterosis.
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9
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Šimková A, Janáč M, Hyršl P, Krasnovyd V, Vetešník L. Vigour-related traits and immunity in hybrids of evolutionary divergent cyprinoid species: advantages of hybrid heterosis? JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 98:1155-1171. [PMID: 33340100 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid advantage, described as the superiority of hybrids in some traits over their parents and termed the "heterosis effect," is widely documented in the case of reciprocal crosses of parental species (i.e., hybrids representing the F1 generation). In fish, high survival, fast growth and better health status have been widely documented in F1 hybrids. Nonetheless, the effects of interspecific hybridization on vigour, physiology and immunity-related traits in fish are largely unknown, especially concerning native systems of coexisting parental and hybrid genomes in the same habitat. The present study examined the potential physiological and immune aspects of hybrid heterosis by comparing condition status (measured especially by indexes), haematological profile, glucose concentration and selected parameters of non-specific and specific immunity between the evolutionarily divergent non-congeneric cyprinoid species Abramis brama and Rutilus rutilus and their hybrids representing the F1 generation, all of them caught in nature. Clear differences were documented for vigour-related, physiological and immune parameters between the two divergent species. Hybrids generally tended to express intermediate characters of the measured traits, likely generated by the evolutionary divergence of the hybridizing species; nonetheless, for some traits, hybrids exhibited a character that was more similar to one parental species than to the other. This was interpreted as the heterozygote advantage for F1 hybrids. It is suggested that a maternally inherited genetic background may potentially influence the expression of some branches of non-specific immunity or other aspects related to the fish health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Šimková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Janáč
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hyršl
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vadym Krasnovyd
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Vetešník
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
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10
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Kirchner S, Sattmann H, Haring E, Victor R, Kruckenhauser L. Hidden diversity—Delimitation of cryptic species and phylogeography of the cyprinid
Garra
species complex in Northern Oman. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kirchner
- Department of Evolutionary Biology University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Central Research Laboratories Natural History Museum Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Helmut Sattmann
- Third Zoological Department Natural History Museum Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Elisabeth Haring
- Department of Evolutionary Biology University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Central Research Laboratories Natural History Museum Vienna Vienna Austria
| | | | - Luise Kruckenhauser
- Department of Evolutionary Biology University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Central Research Laboratories Natural History Museum Vienna Vienna Austria
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11
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Hockaday CM, Geheber AD. Quantifying Morphology of Cyprinella lutrensis x C. venusta Hybrids in Missouri. SOUTHEAST NAT 2020. [DOI: 10.1656/058.019.0408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron D. Geheber
- University of Central Missouri, School of Natural Sciences, Warrensburg, MO 64093
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12
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Blackwell T, Ford AGP, Ciezarek AG, Bradbeer SJ, Gracida Juarez CA, Smith AM, Ngatunga BP, Shechonge A, Tamatamah R, Etherington G, Haerty W, Di Palma F, Turner GF, Genner MJ. Newly discovered cichlid fish biodiversity threatened by hybridization with non-native species. Mol Ecol 2020; 30:895-911. [PMID: 33063411 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Invasive freshwater fishes are known to readily hybridize with indigenous congeneric species, driving loss of unique and irreplaceable genetic resources. Here we reveal that newly discovered (2013-2016) evolutionarily significant populations of Korogwe tilapia (Oreochromis korogwe) from southern Tanzania are threatened by hybridization with the larger invasive Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). We use a combination of morphology, microsatellite allele frequencies and whole genome sequences to show that O. korogwe from southern lakes (Nambawala, Rutamba and Mitupa) are distinct from geographically disjunct populations in northern Tanzania (Zigi River and Mlingano Dam). We also provide genetic evidence of O. korogwe × niloticus hybrids in three southern lakes and demonstrate heterogeneity in the extent of admixture across the genome. Finally, using the least admixed genomic regions we estimate that the northern and southern O. korogwe populations most plausibly diverged ~140,000 years ago, suggesting that the geographical separation of the northern and southern groups is not a result of a recent translocation, and instead these populations represent independent evolutionarily significant units. We conclude that these newly discovered and phenotypically unique cichlid populations are already threatened by hybridization with an invasive species, and propose that these irreplaceable genetic resources would benefit from conservation interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonia G P Ford
- Department of Life Sciences, Whitelands College, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Adam G Ciezarek
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park Innovation Centre, Norwich, UK
| | | | | | - Alan M Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | | | - Asilatu Shechonge
- Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute (TAFIRI), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Rashid Tamatamah
- Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute (TAFIRI), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Wilfried Haerty
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park Innovation Centre, Norwich, UK
| | - Federica Di Palma
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park Innovation Centre, Norwich, UK.,Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - George F Turner
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Martin J Genner
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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13
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Genetic and phenotypic displacement of an endemic Barbus complex by invasive European barbel Barbus barbus in central Italy. Biol Invasions 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02379-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Evidence for enemy release in invasive common dace Leuciscus leuciscus in Ireland: a helminth community survey and systematic review. J Helminthol 2020; 94:e191. [PMID: 32924909 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x20000759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Invasive species lose parasites in the process of invasion and tend to be less parasitized than conspecifics in the native range and sympatric native species in the invasive range (enemy release). We evaluated enemy release in an invasive freshwater fish in Ireland, common dace Leuciscus leuciscus, using helminth parasite community surveys at the core and front of the invasive range of common dace. Furthermore, we undertook a systematic literature review of helminth infection in common dace across its native range in Great Britain and Europe and invasive range in Ireland. The helminth parasite community survey revealed that invasive common dace were infected with fewer helminth species at the invasion front than at the core. Four helminth taxa - Acanthocephala, Monogenea, Digenea and Nematoda - were present in dace at the invasion core compared to only a single helminth species (Pomphorhynchus tereticollis) at the front. The systematic review revealed that invasive common dace in Ireland hosted fewer species of helminths than common dace in the native range. We report a total of three helminth species in common dace in Ireland compared to 24 in Great Britain and 84 in Continental Europe. Our results support the hypotheses that invasive populations are less parasitized than native populations and that more recently established populations host fewer parasites. However, we demonstrate that invasive species may continue to experience release from parasites long after initial invasion.
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Krasnovyd V, Vetešník L, Šimková A. Distribution of host-specific parasites in hybrids of phylogenetically related fish: the effects of genotype frequency and maternal ancestry? Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:402. [PMID: 32771040 PMCID: PMC7414675 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04271-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Host specificity is one of the outputs of the coevolution between parasites and their associated hosts. Several scenarios have been proposed to explain the pattern of parasite distribution in parental and hybrid genotypes ranging from hybrid resistance to hybrid susceptibility. We hypothesized that host-parasite co-adaptation limits the infection of host-specific parasites in hybrid genotypes even under the condition of the high frequency of hybrids. The experimental monogenean infection in pure breeds of Blicca bjoerkna and Abramis brama and cross-breeds (the F1 generation of hybrids) under the condition of similar frequencies of pure and hybrid genotypes was investigated. We also examined the potential effect of the maternal origin of hybrids (potential co-adaptation at the level of mitochondrial genes) on monogenean abundance. Methods Pure breeds of two cyprinids and two cross-breeds (one with B. bjoerkna, the next with A. brama in the maternal positions) were exposed to infection by monogeneans naturally occurring in B. bjoerkna and A. brama. The experiment was run under similar frequencies of the four breed lines. Results We showed similar levels of monogenean infection in B. bjoerkna and A. brama. However, each species harboured specific monogenean fauna. Hybrids harboured all monogenean species specifically infecting one or the other species. Monogenean infection levels, especially those of Dactylogyrus specific to A. brama, were lower in hybrids. For the majority of host-specific parasites, there was no effect of the maternal origin of hybrids on monogenean abundance. Asymmetry was found in the distribution of specific parasites in favour of specialists of B. bjoerkna in the monogenean communities of hybrids. Conclusions Our results indicate that the maternal mtDNA of hybrids is not an important predictor of host-specific monogenean infection, which may suggest that mitochondrial genes are not strongly involved in the coadaptation between monogeneans and their associated hosts. The asymmetry of species-specific parasites suggests similarity between the molecular components of the immune mechanisms in hybrids and B. bjoerkna. Our results revealed a difference between the degree of host-parasite coadaptation in specific parasites of A. brama and the degree of host-parasite coadaptation in specific parasites of B. bjoerkna and their associated hosts.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadym Krasnovyd
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Vetešník
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Šimková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Quilodrán CS, Currat M, Montoya-Burgos JI. Effect of hybridization with genome exclusion on extinction risk. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2018; 32:1139-1149. [PMID: 29691912 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Human-induced habitat changes may lead to the breakdown of reproductive barriers between distantly related species. This phenomenon may result in fertile first-generation hybrids (F1 ) that exclude the genome of one parental species during gametogenesis, thus disabling introgression. The species extinction risk associated with hybridization with genome exclusion is largely underappreciated because the phenomenon produces only F1 hybrid phenotype, leading to the misconception that hybrids are sterile and potentially of minor conservation concern. We used a simulation model that integrates the main genetic, demographic, and ecological processes to examine the dynamics of hybridization with genome exclusion. We showed that this mode of hybridization may lead to extremely rapid extinction when the process of genome exclusion is unbalanced between the interbreeding species and when the hybridization rate is not negligible. The coexistence of parental species was possible in some cases of asymmetrical genome exclusion, but show this equilibrium was highly vulnerable to environmental variation. Expanding the exclusive habitat of the species at risk allowed its persistence. Our results highlight the extent of possible extinction risk due to hybridization with genome exclusion and suggest habitat management as a promising conservation strategy. In anticipation of serious threats to biodiversity due to hybridization with genome exclusion, we recommend a detailed assessment of the reproductive status of hybrids in conservation programs. We suggest such assessments include the inspection of genetic content in hybrid gametes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio S Quilodrán
- Laboratory of Anthropology, Genetics and Peopling History, Anthropology Unit, Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution, Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, OX1 3PS, U.K
| | - Mathias Currat
- Laboratory of Anthropology, Genetics and Peopling History, Anthropology Unit, Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (IGE3), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Juan I Montoya-Burgos
- Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution, Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (IGE3), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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Bradbeer SJ, Harrington J, Watson H, Warraich A, Shechonge A, Smith A, Tamatamah R, Ngatunga BP, Turner GF, Genner MJ. Limited hybridization between introduced and Critically Endangered indigenous tilapia fishes in northern Tanzania. HYDROBIOLOGIA 2018; 832:257-268. [PMID: 30880834 PMCID: PMC6394572 DOI: 10.1007/s10750-018-3572-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hybridization between introduced and indigenous species can lead to loss of unique genetic resources and precipitate extinction. In Tanzania, the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and blue-spotted tilapia (Oreochromis leucostictus) have been widely introduced to non-native habitats for aquaculture and development of capture fisheries. Here, we aimed to quantify interspecific hybridization between these introduced species and the indigenous species Oreochromis esculentus, Oreochromis jipe and Oreochromis korogwe. In the Pangani basin, several hybrids were observed (O. niloticus × O. jipe, O. leucostictus × O. jipe, O. niloticus × O. korogwe), although hybrids were relatively uncommon within samples relative to purebreds. Hybrids between the native O. jipe × O. korogwe were also observed. In the Lake Victoria basin, no evidence of hybrids was found. Analysis of body shape using geometric morphometrics suggested that although purebreds could be discriminated from one another, hybrids could not be readily identified on body and head shape alone. These results provide the first evidence of hybridization between the introduced species and the Critically Endangered O. jipe in Tanzania. Given uncertainty regarding benefits of introduced species over large-bodied indigenous species in aquaculture and capture fisheries, we suggest that future introductions of hybridization-prone species should be carefully evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J. Bradbeer
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ UK
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, Miall Building, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Jack Harrington
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ UK
| | - Henry Watson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ UK
| | - Abrahim Warraich
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ UK
| | - Asilatu Shechonge
- Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute (TAFIRI), P.O. Box 9750, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35064, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Alan Smith
- Evolutionary and Environmental Genomics Group, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, HU5 7RX UK
| | - Rashid Tamatamah
- Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute (TAFIRI), P.O. Box 9750, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35064, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Benjamin P. Ngatunga
- Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute (TAFIRI), P.O. Box 9750, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - George F. Turner
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW UK
| | - Martin J. Genner
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ UK
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Konopiński MK, Amirowicz A. Genetic composition of a population of natural common bream Abramis brama × roach Rutilus rutilus hybrids and their morphological characteristics in comparison with parent species. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2018; 92:365-385. [PMID: 29218717 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Common bream Abramis brama, roach Rutilus rutilus and their hybrids were collected in the Dobczyce Reservoir in southern Poland in 2006-2013 to study whether it is better for a hybrid individual to resemble and compete with one of its parents, or to minimize competition by having a distinctive phenotype. All hybrids were F1 crosses and originated predominantly (93·2%) from matings between female A. brama and male R. rutilus parents. In morphometric analyses, a newly defined coefficient, L3 = 2·5 (body mass) (LS × body depth)-1 , which enables forms with similar length-depth proportions but different length-mass relationships to be distinguished was used. Morphometric and meristic characteristics of the hybrids were intermediate in comparison with the parental species, with small but significant deviation towards R. rutilus in longitudinal body dimensions (trunk and tail length) and towards A. brama in body cross-sectional shape (body depth and L3 coefficient). This may result in a more R. rutilus like propulsion in hybrids and a more A. brama like ability to manoeuvre.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Konopiński
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, al. Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| | - A Amirowicz
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, al. Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
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Knudsen R, Henriksen EH, Gjelland KØ, Hansen H, Hendrichsen DK, Kristoffersen R, Olstad K. Are hybrids between Atlantic salmon and brown trout suitable long-term hosts of Gyrodactylus salaris during winter? JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2017; 40:1299-1307. [PMID: 28105680 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The monogenean parasite Gyrodactylus salaris poses serious threats to many Atlantic salmon populations and presents many conservation and management questions/foci and challenges. It is therefore critical to identify potential vectors for infection. To test whether hybrids of native Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) × brown trout (Salmo trutta) are suitable as reservoir hosts for G. salaris during winter, infected hybrid parr were released into a natural subarctic brook in the autumn. Six months later, 23.9% of the pit-tagged fish were recaptured. During the experimental period, the hybrids had a sixfold increase in mean intensity of G. salaris, while the prevalence decreased from 81% to 35%. There was high interindividual hybrid variability in susceptibility to infections. The maximum infrapopulation growth rate (0.018 day-1 ) of G. salaris throughout the winter was comparable to earlier laboratory experiments at similar temperatures. The results confirm that infrapopulations of G. salaris may reproduce on a hybrid population for several generations at low water temperatures (~1 °C). Wild salmon-trout hybrids are undoubtedly susceptible to G. salaris and represent an important reservoir host for the parasite independent of other co-occurring susceptible hosts. Consequently, these hybrids may pose a serious risk for G. salaris transmission to nearby, uninfected rivers by migratory individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Knudsen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - E H Henriksen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - K Ø Gjelland
- Fram Centre, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Tromsø, Norway
| | - H Hansen
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - R Kristoffersen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - K Olstad
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Lillehammer, Norway
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20
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Krasnovyd V, Vetešník L, Gettová L, Civáňová K, Šimková A. Patterns of parasite distribution in the hybrids of non-congeneric cyprinid fish species: is asymmetry in parasite infection the result of limited coadaptation? Int J Parasitol 2017; 47:471-483. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Geiger MF, Schreiner C, Delmastro GB, Herder F. Combining geometric morphometrics with molecular genetics to investigate a putative hybrid complex: a case study with barbels Barbus spp. (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2016; 88:1038-1055. [PMID: 26805755 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This integrative study examined the morphological and genetic affinities of three endemic barbel species from Italy (brook barbel Barbus caninus, Italian barbel Barbus plebejus and horse barbel Barbus tyberinus) and of putative hybrid specimens to their species of origin. Two of the species frequently occur together with the non-native barbel Barbus barbus. DNA barcoding indicates that mitochondrial (mt) haplotypes often do not match the species expected from morphology. Linear distance measurements and meristics are not informative for discrimination of the species and putative hybrids, but a discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) of geometric landmark data produces reassignments largely in congruence with mt and nuclear genetic data. Cyto-nuclear conflicts confirm the presence of hybridization in B. plebejus and B. tyberinus and identify additional introgressed specimens. A comparison between mixed genotypes and their morphology-based assignment reveals no predictable pattern. The finding that most individuals of the morphologically similar B. plebejus and B. tyberinus have very high assignment probabilities to their respective species suggests that the presented approach may serve as a valuable tool to distinguish morphologically very similar taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Geiger
- Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig Leibniz Institute for Animal Biodiversity, Foundation under public law, Adenauerallee 160, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - C Schreiner
- Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig Leibniz Institute for Animal Biodiversity, Foundation under public law, Adenauerallee 160, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - G B Delmastro
- Natural History Museum, Cascina Vigna, via San Francesco di Sales 188, 10022, Carmagnola, Italy
| | - F Herder
- Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig Leibniz Institute for Animal Biodiversity, Foundation under public law, Adenauerallee 160, 53113, Bonn, Germany
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22
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When Anthropogenic River Disturbance Decreases Hybridisation between Non-Native and Endemic Cyprinids and Drives an Ecomorphological Displacement towards Juvenile State in Both Species. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142592. [PMID: 26561027 PMCID: PMC4641742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the impact of non-native species on native species is a major challenge in molecular ecology, particularly for genetically compatible fish species. Invasions are generally difficult to study because their effects may be confused with those of environmental or human disturbances. Colonized ecosystems are differently impacted by human activities, resulting in diverse responses and interactions between native and non-native species. We studied the dynamics between two Cyprinids species (invasive Chondrostoma nasus and endemic Parachondrostoma toxostoma) and their hybrids in 16 populations (from allopatric to sympatric situations and from little to highly fragmented areas) corresponding to 2,256 specimens. Each specimen was assigned to a particular species or to a hybrid pool using molecular identification (cytochrome b and 41 microsatellites). We carried out an ecomorphological analysis based on size, age, body shape, and diet (gut vacuity and molecular fecal contents). Our results contradicted our initial assumptions on the pattern of invasion and the rate of introgression. There was no sign of underperformance for the endemic species in areas where hybridisation occurred. In the unfragmented zone, the introduced species was found mostly downstream, with body shapes similar to those in allopatric populations while both species were found to be more insectivorous than the reference populations. However, high level of hybridisation was detected, suggesting interactions between the two species during spawning and/or the existence of hybrid swarm. In the disturbed zone, introgression was less frequent and slender body shape was associated with diatomivorous behaviour, smaller size (juvenile characteristics) and greater gut vacuity. Results suggested that habitat degradation induced similar ecomorphological trait changes in the two species and their hybrids (i.e. a transition towards a pedomorphic state) where the invasive species is more affected than the native species. Therefore, this study reveals a diversity of relationships between two genetically compatible species and emphasizes constraints on the invasion process in disturbed areas.
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Pedreschi D, Mariani S, Coughlan J, Voigt CC, O'Grady M, Caffrey J, Kelly-Quinn M. Trophic flexibility and opportunism in pike Esox lucius. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2015; 87:876-894. [PMID: 26351044 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The first comprehensive investigation of pike Esox lucius trophic ecology in a region (Ireland) where they have long been thought to be a non-native species is presented. Diet was investigated across habitat types (lake, river and canal) through the combined methods of stable-isotope and stomach content analyses. Variations in niche size, specialization and the timing of the ontogenetic dietary switch were examined, revealing pronounced opportunism and feeding plasticity in E. lucius, along with a high occurrence of invertivory (up to 60 cm fork length, LF ) and a concomitant delayed switch to piscivory. Furthermore, E. lucius were found to primarily prey upon the highly available non-native roach Rutilus rutilus, which may alleviate predation pressure on brown trout Salmo trutta, highlighting the complexity of dynamic systems and the essential role of research in informing effective management.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pedreschi
- School of Biology & Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - S Mariani
- School of Biology & Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
- School of Environment & Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, U.K
| | - J Coughlan
- School of Biology & Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - C C Voigt
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - M O'Grady
- Inland Fisheries Ireland, 3044 Lake Drive, Citywest Business Campus, Dublin, D24 Y265, Ireland
| | - J Caffrey
- Inland Fisheries Ireland, 3044 Lake Drive, Citywest Business Campus, Dublin, D24 Y265, Ireland
| | - M Kelly-Quinn
- School of Biology & Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
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Hutchings JA. Unintentional selection, unanticipated insights: introductions, stocking and the evolutionary ecology of fishes. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2014; 85:1907-1926. [PMID: 25469951 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Natural environmental change has produced countless opportunities for species to disperse into and persist in habitats where they previously did not exist. Introduction and stocking programmes have facilitated similar sorts of colonization opportunities across considerably greater geographical scales and often in much shorter periods of time. Even though the mechanism of colonization differs, the result can be the same: evolutionary change in the colonizing population in response to novel selection pressures. As a consequence, some human-mediated fish transfers have unintentionally yielded novel research opportunities to study how phenotypes and genes interact with their environment and affect ecological and evolutionary change. The primary purpose here is to explore how work, directly or indirectly involved with human-mediated transfers, has unintentionally yielded novel research and research opportunities in fish ecology and evolution. Insights have produced new knowledge or altered previously held perceptions on topics such as local adaptation, rate of evolutionary change, phenotypic plasticity, alternative reproductive strategies, population structure and colonization probability. Well-documented stocking programmes, especially in terms of history, numbers and original population sources, can provide highly fertile ground for generating further insights on the ecology and evolution of fishes and of the factors likely to influence the success of conservation-based, restoration programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hutchings
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada; Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1066, Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
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Hayden B, Massa-Gallucci A, Harrod C, O'grady M, Caffrey J, Kelly-Quinn M. Trophic flexibility by roach Rutilus rutilus in novel habitats facilitates rapid growth and invasion success. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2014; 84:1099-1116. [PMID: 24628030 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Stable isotope and gut content analyses, in conjunction with backcalculated length-at-age estimates of growth, were employed to examine the relationship between trophic ecology and growth rate of a successful invader, Rutilus rutilus, in eight lakes in Ireland. The data revealed that R. rutilus was a trophic generalist in Irish lakes. It utilized a greater proportion of pelagic resources in mesotrophic lakes than in eutrophic lakes, potentially due to a greater density of benthic macroinvertebrates in eutrophic systems. The species was characterized by a large dietary and isotopic niche width and high temporal and spatial variations in diet. Growth rates were typical of those found in the native range of the species and were unrelated to either lake productivity or fish's diet. A generalist trophic ecology confers significant advantages on an invasive species, allowing it to exploit a variety of novel resources and fluctuations in prey availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hayden
- Kilpisjärvi Biological Station, University of Helsinki, Käsivarrentie 14622, FI-99490, Kilpisjärvi, Finland; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 65, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland; School of Biological Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Kuparinen A, Vinni M, Teacher AGF, Kähkönen K, Merilä J. Mechanism of hybridization between bream Abramis brama and roach Rutilus rutilus in their native range. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2014; 84:237-242. [PMID: 24383808 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms of hybridization between bream Abramis brama and roach Rutilus rutilus were studied within the native range of the species in a lake in southern Finland. Through the genetic analysis of A. brama, R. rutilus and putative hybrids, hybridization is shown to have occurred between female A. brama and male R. rutilus. These results match with previous findings from introduced habitats, suggesting that mating between female A. brama and male R. rutilus is the predominant mechanism through which the two species hybridize.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kuparinen
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Department of Biosciences, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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Testing species delimitations in four Italian sympatric leuciscine fishes in the Tiber River: a combined morphological and molecular approach. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60392. [PMID: 23565240 PMCID: PMC3614999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leuciscine fishes represent an important component of freshwater ichthyofauna endemic to northern Mediterranean areas. This lineage shows high intra-specific morphological variability and exhibits high levels of hybridization, two characteristics that contribute to systematic uncertainties, misclassification of taxa and, potentially, the mismanagement of biodiversity. This study focused on brook chub, Squalius lucumonis, an endemic taxon of Central Italy. The taxonomic status of this species has long been questioned, and a hybrid origin from sympatric leusciscines (S. squalus x Rutilus rubilio, or S. squalus x Telestes muticellus) has been hypothesised. A phenotypic (evaluating shape and meristic counts) and genetic (using mitochondrial and nuclear markers) investigation of these four taxa was conducted to test species delimitation in sympatric areas and to evaluate the taxonomic status of S. lucumonis. One hundred and forty-five individuals of all four taxa were collected within streams of the lowest portion of the Tiber River basin and analysed; this region encompasses a large portion of the S. lucumonis distribution. The different morphological and genetic approaches were individually examined, compared, and then combined in a quantitative model to both investigate the limits of each approach and to identify cases of misclassification. The results obtained confirm the cladogenetic non-hybrid origin of S. lucumonis, highlight the need for immediate conservation actions and emphasise the value of an integrated approach in the study of leuciscines evolution.
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Recent invasion by a non-native cyprinid (common bream Abramis brama) is followed by major changes in the ecological quality of a shallow lake in southern Europe. Biol Invasions 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-013-0433-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Renaud S, Alibert P, Auffray JC. Modularity as a source of new morphological variation in the mandible of hybrid mice. BMC Evol Biol 2012; 12:141. [PMID: 22873779 PMCID: PMC3506452 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-12-141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hybridization is often seen as a process dampening phenotypic differences accumulated between diverging evolutionary units. For a complex trait comprising several relatively independent modules, hybridization may however simply generate new phenotypes, by combining into a new mosaic modules inherited from each parental groups and parts intermediate with respect to the parental groups. We tested this hypothesis by studying mandible size and shape in a set of first and second generation hybrids resulting from inbred wild-derived laboratory strains documenting two subspecies of house mice, Musmusculus domesticus and Musmusculus musculus. Phenotypic variation of the mandible was divided into nested partitions of developmental, evolutionary and functional modules. Results The size and shape of the modules were differently influenced by hybridization. Some modules seemed to be the result of typical additive effects with hybrids intermediate between parents, some displayed a pattern expected in the case of monogenic dominance, whereas in other modules, hybrids were transgressive. The result is interpreted as the production of novel mandible morphologies. Beyond this modularity, modules in functional interaction tended to display significant covariations. Conclusions Modularity emerges as a source of novel morphological variation by its simple potential to combine different parts of the parental phenotypes into a novel offspring mosaic of modules. This effect is partly counterbalanced by bone remodeling insuring an integration of the mosaic mandible into a functional ensemble, adding a non-genetic component to the production of transgressive phenotypes in hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Renaud
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, 69622, Villeurbanne, France.
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Sun Y, Corcoran P, Menkis A, Whittle CA, Andersson SGE, Johannesson H. Large-scale introgression shapes the evolution of the mating-type chromosomes of the filamentous ascomycete Neurospora tetrasperma. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1002820. [PMID: 22844246 PMCID: PMC3406010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The significance of introgression as an evolutionary force shaping natural populations is well established, especially in animal and plant systems. However, the abundance and size of introgression tracts, and to what degree interspecific gene flow is the result of adaptive processes, are largely unknown. In this study, we present medium coverage genomic data from species of the filamentous ascomycete Neurospora, and we use comparative genomics to investigate the introgression landscape at the genomic level in this model genus. We revealed one large introgression tract in each of the three investigated phylogenetic lineages of Neurospora tetrasperma (sizes of 5.6 Mbp, 5.2 Mbp, and 4.1 Mbp, respectively). The tract is located on the chromosome containing the locus conferring sexual identity, the mating-type (mat) chromosome. The region of introgression is confined to the region of suppressed recombination and is found on one of the two mat chromosomes (mat a). We used Bayesian concordance analyses to exclude incomplete lineage sorting as the cause for the observed pattern, and multilocus genealogies from additional species of Neurospora show that the introgression likely originates from two closely related, freely recombining, heterothallic species (N. hispaniola and N. crassa/N. perkinsii). Finally, we investigated patterns of molecular evolution of the mat chromosome in Neurospora, and we show that introgression is correlated with reduced level of molecular degeneration, consistent with a shorter time of recombination suppression. The chromosome specific (mat) and allele specific (mat a) introgression reported herein comprise the largest introgression tracts reported to date from natural populations. Furthermore, our data contradicts theoretical predictions that introgression should be less likely on sex-determining chromosomes. Taken together, the data presented herein advance our general understanding of introgression as a force shaping eukaryotic genomes. Introgression is a process by which genetic material from one species becomes infiltrated into another, genetically distinct species. Introgression usually occurs via sexual reproduction: individuals of two species mate and produce a hybrid offspring, then the offspring repeatedly backcross with one of the parental species. Introgression has long been recognized as a key process in evolution, as it may contribute to speciation, diversification, and adaptation to new environments. The importance and prevalence of introgression has been well established in plant and animal systems, and in this study we use a fungal model system, Neurospora, to study the introgression at the genomic level. We gathered genomic data from six genomes, and by comparative genomics we revealed genetic transfer of DNA regions of unprecedentedly large sizes, covering over 50% of the mating-type chromosomes, and used phylogenetic analyses to reveal the origin and direction of the transfer. Introgression was found solely on the mating-type chromosomes, which contradicts theoretical predictions for sex-determining chromosomes. We argue that this unexpected pattern is due to the fact that fungi do not have differentiated sexes (female/male) and thereby are free from sex-biased evolutionary forces. Instead, we suggest that introgression between fungal species may result in reinvigoration of genomic regions exposed to suppressed recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pádraic Corcoran
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Audrius Menkis
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carrie A. Whittle
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Hanna Johannesson
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Jones JC, Perez-Sato JA, Meyer A. A phylogeographic investigation of the hybrid origin of a species of swordtail fish from Mexico. Mol Ecol 2012; 21:2692-712. [PMID: 22494472 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2012.05571.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid speciation may contribute significantly to generating biodiversity, but only a few well-documented examples for it exist so far that do not involve polyploidization as a mechanism. The swordtail fish, Xiphophorus clemenciae, shows common hallmarks of a hybrid origin and still overlaps in its current geographic distribution with its putative ancestral species (Xiphophorus hellerii and Xiphophorus maculatus). Xiphophorus clemenciae provides an ideal system for investigating the possible continued genetic interactions between a hybrid and its parental species. Here, we use microsatellite and mitochondrial markers to investigate the population structure of these species of swordtails and search for signs of recent hybridization. Individuals were sampled from 21 localities across the known range of X. clemenciae- the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (IT) Mexico, and several environmental parameters that might represent barriers to dispersal were recorded. The hybridization event that gave rise to X. clemenciae appears to be rather ancient, and a single origin is likely. We find negligible evidence for ongoing hybridization and introgression between the putative ancestral species, because they now occupy distinct ecological niches, and a common haplotype is shared by most populations of X. clemenciae. The population structure within these species shows an isolation-by-distance (IBD) pattern and genetic differentiation between most populations is significant and high. We infer that tectonic evolution in the Isthmus has greatly restricted gene flow between the southern and central IT populations of X. clemenciae and X. helleriii and provide preliminary information to aid in conservation management of this geographically restricted hybrid species, X. clemenciae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C Jones
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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Hayden B, Coscia I, Mariani S. Low cytochrome b variation in bream Abramis brama. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2011; 78:1579-1587. [PMID: 21539561 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.02941.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Variability in cytochrome b (cytb) in European populations of bream Abramis brama was assessed. The cytb gene was found to be strongly conserved in A. brama relative to other cyprinid taxa. This limits the usefulness of this marker in examining geographical genetic structure in this species and raises interesting questions as to the recent evolutionary history of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hayden
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
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