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Oreha J, Škute N. Current genetic structure of European vendace Coregonus albula (L.) populations in Latvia after multiple past translocations. ANIMAL BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION 2022. [DOI: 10.32800/abc.2022.45.0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The European vendace Coregonus albula (L.), also known as the European cisco, is a widespread fish species in northern Europe, often regarded as an example of a glacial relict. It is an economically valuable fish and has been artificially propagated in Latvia since 1900. Despite past translocations of larvae and fry and its current protection status, it can be found in only 15 Latvian lakes. We used nine microsatellite markers to study vendace populations from nine Latvian lakes. A higher mean allelic richness and private allelic richness in Lake Riču suggest that this population may be indigenous. Three complementary clustering methods revealed similar grouping into three distinct genetic groups. According to the results, European vendace populations in the Latvian lakes studied may currently be a mixture of several other populations after multiple translocations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Oreha
- Institute of Life Sciences and Technologies, Daugavpils University, Latvia
| | - N. Škute
- Institute of Life Sciences and Technologies, Daugavpils University, Latvia
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2
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Salisbury SJ, Ruzzante DE. Genetic Causes and Consequences of Sympatric Morph Divergence in Salmonidae: A Search for Mechanisms. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2021; 10:81-106. [PMID: 34758272 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-051021-080709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Repeatedly and recently evolved sympatric morphs exhibiting consistent phenotypic differences provide natural experimental replicates of speciation. Because such morphs are observed frequently in Salmonidae, this clade provides a rare opportunity to uncover the genomic mechanisms underpinning speciation. Such insight is also critical for conserving salmonid diversity, the loss of which could have significant ecological and economic consequences. Our review suggests that genetic differentiation among sympatric morphs is largely nonparallel apart from a few key genes that may be critical for consistently driving morph differentiation. We discuss alternative levels of parallelism likely underlying consistent morph differentiation and identify several factors that may temper this incipient speciation between sympatric morphs, including glacial history and contemporary selective pressures. Our synthesis demonstrates that salmonids are useful for studying speciation and poses additional research questions to be answered by future study of this family. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Animal Biosciences, Volume 10 is February 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Salisbury
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; ,
| | - D E Ruzzante
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; ,
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Mehner T, Palm S, Delling B, Karjalainen J, Kiełpińska J, Vogt A, Freyhof J. Genetic relationships between sympatric and allopatric Coregonus ciscoes in North and Central Europe. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:186. [PMID: 34615463 PMCID: PMC8496053 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01920-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sympatric speciation along ecological gradients has been studied repeatedly, in particular in freshwater fishes. Rapid post-glacial ecological divergence has resulted in numerous endemic species or ecologically distinct populations in lakes of the temperate zones. Here, we focus on the Baltic cisco (Coregonus albula) complex, to study the genetic similarity among two pairs of sympatric autumn- and spring-spawning populations from post-glacial German Lakes Stechlin and Breiter Luzin. For comparison, we included a similar pair of sympatric populations from the Swedish Lake Fegen. We wanted to explore potential genetic similarities between the three sympatric cisco population pairs in the three lakes, to evaluate whether the pairs may have emerged independently in the three lakes, or whether two different species may have colonized all three lakes independently. Furthermore, we considered allopatric C. albula populations from three Polish, three Finnish, and four Swedish locations, added one Siberian population of the sister species C. sardinella and a Swedish C. maraena (whitefish) population. By genotyping nine microsatellite markers in 655 individuals from these 18 populations, we wanted to elucidate how strongly the cisco populations differ across a larger geographical area within Europe. Finally, we compared the genetic differences between the spring- and autumn-spawning populations of ciscoes in the two German lakes to infer the potentially deteriorating effect of strong anthropogenic pressure on the lakes. RESULTS Dendrogram, Principal Coordinate Analysis and admixture analysis all indicated strong correspondence between population differentiation and geographical location for most cisco populations in Europe, including the Siberian population of C. sardinella. However, populations from some Swedish lakes deviated from this general pattern, by showing a distinct genetic structure. We found evidence for independent evolution of the three sympatric population pairs, because the populations co-occurring in the same lake were always most closely related. However, genetic differentiation was weak in the two German population pairs, but strong in the Swedish Lake Fegen, indicating that the weak differentiation in the German pairs reported earlier has eroded further. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the genetic differentiation at neutral genetic markers among populations of the Baltic cisco complex has evolved (and is maintained) by random genetic drift in isolated populations. However, earlier studies on the Swedish populations combining mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite data indicate that also post-glacial immigration from separate glacial refugia has shaped the present genetic population structure. The low neutral differentiation of the German sympatric pairs in contrast to the Swedish pair suggests that recent anthropogenic effects on the lakes in Germany may put the endemic spring-spawners at risk to extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Mehner
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Stefan Palm
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Freshwater Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Drottningholm, Sweden
| | - Bo Delling
- Department of Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juha Karjalainen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jolanta Kiełpińska
- Department of Aquatic Bioengineering and Aquaculture, Faculty of Food Science and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Asja Vogt
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Freyhof
- Museum Für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
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Cárcamo-Tejer V, Vila I, Llanquín-Rosas F, Sáez-Arteaga A, Guerrero-Jiménez C. Phylogeography of high Andean killifishes Orestias (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae) in Caquena and Lauca sub-basins of the Altiplano (Chile): mitochondrial and nuclear analysis of an endangered fish. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11917. [PMID: 34484986 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
From the early Miocene, the uplift of the Andes Mountains, intense volcanic activity and the occurrence of successive periods of dryness and humidity would have differentially influenced the modification of Altiplano watersheds, and consequently the evolutionary history of the taxa that live there. We analyzed Orestias populations from the Caquena and Lauca Altiplanic sub-basins of northern Chile to determine their genetic differentiation and relationship to their geographical distribution using mitochondrial (D-loop) and nuclear (microsatellite) molecular markers and to reconstruct its biogeographic history on these sub-basins. The results allowed reconstructing and reevaluating the evolutionary history of the genus in the area; genic diversity and differentiation together with different founding genetic groups suggest that Orestias have been spread homogeneously in the study area and would have experienced local disturbances that promoted isolation and diversification in restricted zones of their distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Cárcamo-Tejer
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Irma Vila
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Francisco Llanquín-Rosas
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Alberto Sáez-Arteaga
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Región de la Araucanía, Chile
| | - Claudia Guerrero-Jiménez
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Región de la Araucanía, Chile
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Sendek DS. Phylogenetic Relationships in Vendace and Least Cisco, and Their Distribution Areas in Western Eurasia. ANN ZOOL FENN 2021. [DOI: 10.5735/086.058.0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry S. Sendek
- Saint Petersburg Branch of VNIRO (GosNIORKH, named after L.S. Berg), Makarova emb. 26, RU-199053 Saint Petersburg, Russia (e-mail: )
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Fu Q, Lu G, Fu Y, Wang Y. Genetic differentiation between two varieties of Oreocharis benthamii (Gesneriaceae) in sympatric and allopatric regions. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:7792-7805. [PMID: 32760565 PMCID: PMC7391312 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The pattern of genetic differentiation between diverging species receives much attention as one of the key observable features of speciation. It has often been suggested that introgression between closely related species occurs commonly where their distributions overlap, leading to their becoming more morphologically and genetically similar, but there are a few opposite results. However, most of these studies have been carried out with animals and separate species; few have looked at intraspecific cases, especially in plants. Here, we conduct a comparative study on patterns of genetic differentiation among populations of two varieties of Oreocharis benthamii in allopatry and sympatry based on ISSR data for 754 individuals from 26 populations, in order to understand the processes leading to speciation. Contrary to expectations, the facultative xenogamy (mixed mating) species O. benthamii has a relatively low genetic diversity within populations (H = 0.1014, I = 0.1528) and high genetic differentiation among populations (G ST = 0.5867, ФST = 0.659), as is typically found for selfing species. Genetic variance between the two varieties in sympatric populations (44%, ФST = 0.444) is significantly more than that in allopatric populations (14%, ФST = 0.138). Consistent with the taxonomical delimitation of the two varieties, all sampled individuals of O. benthamii clustered into two genetic groups. Moreover, the genetic structures of populations of both varieties are correlated with their different geographical origins. Our studies show that significant divergence between sympatric populations of the two varieties could be attributed primarily to reinforcement by genetic divergent selection in sympatry where secondary contact had occurred. The major proportion of the genetic variation in outcrossing and mixed mating plants may exist among populations when the populations are distributed in fragmented habitats, due to the paucity of suitable habitat combined with inefficient seed dispersal mechanism and limited pollinator foraging area that may limit the gene flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant DevelopmentSchool of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Guo‐Hui Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant DevelopmentSchool of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yu‐Hui Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant DevelopmentSchool of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ying‐Qiang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant DevelopmentSchool of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and BiomonitoringSchool of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Comparative studies on population genetic structure of two closely related selfing and outcrossing Zingiber species in Hainan Island. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17997. [PMID: 31784623 PMCID: PMC6884562 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54526-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
How mating system impacts the genetic diversity of plants has long fascinated and puzzled evolutionary biologists. Numerous studies have shown that self-fertilising plants have less genetic diversity at both the population and species levels than outcrossers. However, the phylogenetic relationships between species and correlated ecological traits have not been accounted for in these previous studies. Here, we conduct a comparative population genetic study of two closely related selfing and outcrossing Zingiber species, with sympatric distribution in Hainan Island, and obtain a result contrary to previous studies. The results indicate that selfing Z. corallinum can maintain high genetic diversity through differentiation intensified by local adaptation in populations across the species’ range. In contrast, outcrossing Z. nudicarpum preserves high genetic diversity through gene exchange by frequent export of pollen within or among populations. Contrary to expectations, the major portion of genetic variation of outcrossing Z. nudicarpum may exist among populations, depending on the dispersal ability of pollen and seed. Our results also reveal that the main factor affecting population structure of selfing Z. corallinum is mountain ranges, followed by a moist climate, while that of outcrossing Z. nudicarpum is likely moisture, but not mountain ranges, due to gene flow via pollen.
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Araújo da Silva F, Feldberg E, Moura Carvalho ND, Hernández Rangel SM, Schneider CH, Carvalho-Zilse GA, Fonsêca da Silva V, Gross MC. Effects of environmental pollution on the rDNAomics of Amazonian fish. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:180-187. [PMID: 31146233 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pollution is a growing environmental problem throughout the world, and the impact of human activities on biodiversity and the genetic variability of natural populations is increasingly preoccupying, given that adaptive processes depend on this variability, in particular that found in the repetitive DNA. In the present study, the mitochondrial DNA (COI) and the distribution of repetitive DNA sequences (18S and 5S rDNA) in the fish genome were analysed in fish populations inhabiting both polluted and unpolluted waters in the northern Amazon basin. The results indicate highly complex ribosomal sequences in the fish genome from the polluted environment because these sequences are involved primarily in the maintenance of genome integrity, mediated by a systematic increase in the number of copies of the ribosomal DNA in response to changes in environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francijara Araújo da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | - Eliana Feldberg
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Natália Dayane Moura Carvalho
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biotecnologia e Recursos Naturais da Amazônia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gislene Almeida Carvalho-Zilse
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Claudia Gross
- Instituto de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Integração Latino Americana, Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil
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Mehner T, Pohlmann K, Bittner D, Freyhof J. Testing the devil's impact on southern Baltic and North Sea basins whitefish (Coregonus spp.) diversity. BMC Evol Biol 2018; 18:208. [PMID: 30594141 PMCID: PMC6311081 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-018-1339-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The diversity and phylogeny of whitefish of the genus Coregonus is complex, and includes many endemic species of high conservation concern. However, because of commercial importance of whitefish fisheries, stockings and translocations have occurred repeatedly, which challenges the identification of local populations as conservation units. This study analyses the phylogenetic relationships of 15 contemporary and two historical populations of lake-resident and anadromous whitefish (Coregonus spp.) from the southern Baltic and North Sea basins. We elucidated the complex history of Lake Schaal (northern Germany) whitefish, for which a local tale suggests that the devil threw whitefish from the Central European Lake Constance into this lake. Studies from the early twentieth century indeed suggested numerous stocking events for Lake Schaal from Lake Constance, from Estonian/Russian Lake Peipsi and from the anadromous whitefish of the Baltic Sea. Results Analyses of 13 microsatellite markers showed that Lake Constance whitefish are unrelated to any northern Germany whitefish population, including the contemporary whitefish population from Lake Schaal. Comparison with four historical specimens further showed that the native Lake Schaal whitefish (C. holsatus) vanished from the lake, but has survived as a non-native population in the north German Lake Drewitz. The whitefish currently occurring in Lake Schaal and three adjacent lakes are identified as C. maraenoides, introduced from Lake Peipsi. The contemporary anadromous whitefish populations from the Baltic (German and Finnish coast) and the German River Treene (North Sea basin, stocked from Danish River Vida) grouped together, but showed significant genetic differentiation. The 14 historical specimens of C. oxyrinchus from Rivers Rhine and Schelde were assigned to several contemporary whitefish populations, but among them only one specimen was assigned to the contemporary River Treene population. Therefore, we do not support the view that the whitefish from River Vida/Treene are identical with the historical C. oxyrinchus. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that lake and anadromous whitefish in the Baltic and North Sea basins reflect a complex phylogeography, which is further blurred by the effects of repeated stocking and translocations. To identify conservation units, the genetic identity of each population has to be scrutinized. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12862-018-1339-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Mehner
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Kirsten Pohlmann
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Bittner
- Department of Fish Ecology & Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, EAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Seestrasse 79, 6047, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.,Present address: Kanton Aargau, Departement Bau, Verkehr und Umwelt, Abteilung Wald, Jagd und Fischerei, Entfelderstrasse 22, 5001, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Freyhof
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587, Berlin, Germany
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Morphological specificities of vendace (Salmoniformes: Salmonidae: Coregoninae: Coregonus albula) population in Lake Pleshcheyevo (the Volga River basin): relationships of two phylogenetic lineages in a new zone of secondary contact. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-018-0375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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11
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Symonová R, Howell WM. Vertebrate Genome Evolution in the Light of Fish Cytogenomics and rDNAomics. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9020096. [PMID: 29443947 PMCID: PMC5852592 DOI: 10.3390/genes9020096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the cytogenomic evolution of vertebrates, we must first unravel the complex genomes of fishes, which were the first vertebrates to evolve and were ancestors to all other vertebrates. We must not forget the immense time span during which the fish genomes had to evolve. Fish cytogenomics is endowed with unique features which offer irreplaceable insights into the evolution of the vertebrate genome. Due to the general DNA base compositional homogeneity of fish genomes, fish cytogenomics is largely based on mapping DNA repeats that still represent serious obstacles in genome sequencing and assembling, even in model species. Localization of repeats on chromosomes of hundreds of fish species and populations originating from diversified environments have revealed the biological importance of this genomic fraction. Ribosomal genes (rDNA) belong to the most informative repeats and in fish, they are subject to a more relaxed regulation than in higher vertebrates. This can result in formation of a literal 'rDNAome' consisting of more than 20,000 copies with their high proportion employed in extra-coding functions. Because rDNA has high rates of transcription and recombination, it contributes to genome diversification and can form reproductive barrier. Our overall knowledge of fish cytogenomics grows rapidly by a continuously increasing number of fish genomes sequenced and by use of novel sequencing methods improving genome assembly. The recently revealed exceptional compositional heterogeneity in an ancient fish lineage (gars) sheds new light on the compositional genome evolution in vertebrates generally. We highlight the power of synergy of cytogenetics and genomics in fish cytogenomics, its potential to understand the complexity of genome evolution in vertebrates, which is also linked to clinical applications and the chromosomal backgrounds of speciation. We also summarize the current knowledge on fish cytogenomics and outline its main future avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Symonová
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Hradec Králové, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - W Mike Howell
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Samford University, Birmingham, AL 35229, USA.
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Guerrero-Jiménez CJ, Peña F, Morales P, Méndez M, Sallaberry M, Vila I, Poulin E. Pattern of genetic differentiation of an incipient speciation process: The case of the high Andean killifish Orestias. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170380. [PMID: 28245250 PMCID: PMC5330459 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
During the Pleistocene and Holocene, the southwest Andean Altiplano (17°-22°S) was affected by repeated fluctuations in water levels, high volcanic activity and major tectonic movements. In the early Holocene the humid Tauca phase shifted to the arid conditions that have lasted until the present, producing endorheic rivers, lakes, lagoons and wetlands. The endemic fish Orestias (Cyprinodontidae) represents a good model to observe the genetic differentiation that characterizes an incipient speciation process in allopatry since the morphospecies described inhabit a restricted geographic area, with present habitat fragmentation. The genetic diversity and population structure of four endemic morphospecies of Orestias (Cyprinodontidae) found in the Lauca National Park (LNP) analyzed with mitochondrial markers (Control Region) and eight microsatellites, revealed the existence of genetic groups that matches the fragmentation of these systems. High values of genetic and phylogeographic differentiation indices were observed between Chungará Lake and Piacota lagoon. The group composed of the Lauca River, Copapujo and Chuviri wetlands sampling sites showed a clear signal of expansion, with a star-like haplotype network. Levels of genetic differentiation were lower than in Chungará and Piacota, suggesting that these localities would have differentiated after the bottlenecks linked to the collapse of Parinacota volcano. The Parinacota sample showed a population signal that differed from the other localities revealing greater genetic diversity and a disperse network, presenting haplotypes shared with other LNP localities. A mixing pattern of the different genetic groups was evident using the microsatellite markers. The chronology of the vicariance events in LNP may indicate that the partition process of the Orestias populations was gradual. Considering this, and in view of the genetic results, we may conclude that the morphospecies from LNP are populations in ongoing differentiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Jimena Guerrero-Jiménez
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Recursos Naturales y Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Santo Tomás, Talca, Región del Maule Chile
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Recursos Naturales y Ciencias Silvoagropecuarias, Universidad Iberoamericana de Ciencias y Tecnología, Santiago, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Fabiola Peña
- Faculty of Life Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Pamela Morales
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Marco Méndez
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Michel Sallaberry
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Irma Vila
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Elie Poulin
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad de Chile, Universidad de Chile, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
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Delling B, Palm S, Palkopoulou E, Prestegaard T. Genetic signs of multiple colonization events in Baltic ciscoes with radiation into sympatric spring- and autumn-spawners confined to early postglacial arrival. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:4346-60. [PMID: 25540695 PMCID: PMC4267872 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Presence of sympatric populations may reflect local diversification or secondary contact of already distinct forms. The Baltic cisco (Coregonus albula) normally spawns in late autumn, but in a few lakes in Northern Europe sympatric autumn and spring- or winter-spawners have been described. So far, the evolutionary relationships and taxonomic status of these main life history forms have remained largely unclear. With microsatellites and mtDNA sequences, we analyzed extant and extinct spring- and autumn-spawners from a total of 23 Swedish localities, including sympatric populations. Published sequences from Baltic ciscoes in Germany and Finland, and Coregonus sardinella from North America were also included together with novel mtDNA sequences from Siberian C. sardinella. A clear genetic structure within Sweden was found that included two population assemblages markedly differentiated at microsatellites and apparently fixed for mtDNA haplotypes from two distinct clades. All sympatric Swedish populations belonged to the same assemblage, suggesting parallel evolution of spring-spawning rather than secondary contact. The pattern observed further suggests that postglacial immigration to Northern Europe occurred from at least two different refugia. Previous results showing that mtDNA in Baltic cisco is paraphyletic with respect to North American C. sardinella were confirmed. However, the inclusion of Siberian C. sardinella revealed a more complicated pattern, as these novel haplotypes were found within one of the two main C. albula clades and were clearly distinct from those in North American C. sardinella. The evolutionary history of Northern Hemisphere ciscoes thus seems to be more complex than previously recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Delling
- Department of Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural HistoryStockholm, 10405, Sweden
| | - Stefan Palm
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Freshwater Research, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesStångholmsvägen 2, Drottningholm, 17893, Sweden
| | - Eleftheria Palkopoulou
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural HistoryStockholm, 10405, Sweden
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm UniversityStockholm, 10405, Sweden
| | - Tore Prestegaard
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Freshwater Research, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesStångholmsvägen 2, Drottningholm, 17893, Sweden
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Eschbach E, Nolte AW, Kohlmann K, Kersten P, Kail J, Arlinghaus R. Population differentiation of zander (Sander lucioperca) across native and newly colonized ranges suggests increasing admixture in the course of an invasion. Evol Appl 2014; 7:555-68. [PMID: 24944569 PMCID: PMC4055177 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to ecological factors, evolutionary processes can determine the invasion success of a species. In particular, genetic admixture has the potential to induce rapid evolutionary change, which can result from natural or human-assisted secondary contact between differentiated populations. We studied the recent range expansion of zander in Germany focusing on the interplay between invasion and genetic admixture. Historically, the rivers Elbe and Danube harboured the most north-western source populations from which a north-westward range expansion occurred. This was initiated by introducing zander outside its native range into rivers and lakes, and was fostered by migration through artificial canals and stocking from various sources. We analysed zander populations of the native and invaded ranges using nuclear and mitochondrial genetic markers. Three genetic lineages were identified, which were traced to ancestral ranges. Increased genetic diversity and admixture in the invaded region highlighted asymmetric gene flow towards this area. We suppose that the adaptive potential of the invading populations was promoted by genetic admixture, whereas competitive exclusion in the native areas provided a buffer against introgression by novel genotypes. These explanations would be in line with evidence that hybridization can drive evolutionary change under conditions when new niches can be exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Eschbach
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries Berlin, Germany
| | - Arne W Nolte
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology Plön, Germany
| | - Klaus Kohlmann
- Department of Ecophysiology and Aquaculture, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Kersten
- Department of Ecophysiology and Aquaculture, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries Berlin, Germany
| | - Jochem Kail
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen Essen, Germany
| | - Robert Arlinghaus
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries Berlin, Germany ; Chair of Integrative Fisheries Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Horticulture, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Berlin, Germany
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15
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Wang J, Abbott RJ, Ingvarsson PK, Liu J. Increased genetic divergence between two closely related fir species in areas of range overlap. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:1019-29. [PMID: 24772279 PMCID: PMC3997318 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of introgressive hybridization, closely related species can be more similar to each other in areas of range overlap (parapatry or sympatry) than in areas where they are geographically isolated from each other (allopatry). Here, we report the reverse situation based on nuclear genetic divergence between two fir species, Abies chensiensis and Abies fargesii, in China, at sites where they are parapatric relative to where they are allopatric. We examined genetic divergence across 126 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers in a set of 172 individuals sampled from both allopatric and parapatric populations of the two species. Our analyses demonstrated that AFLP divergence was much greater between the species when comparisons were made between parapatric populations than between allopatric populations. We suggest that selection in parapatry may have largely contributed to this increased divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Source and Environmental Conservation, School of Life Science, Sichuan University 6100061, Chengdu, Sichuan, China ; Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Richard J Abbott
- School of Biology, Mitchell Building, University of St Andrews St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TH, UK
| | - Pär K Ingvarsson
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jianquan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Source and Environmental Conservation, School of Life Science, Sichuan University 6100061, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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16
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Muto N, Kai Y, Noda T, Nakabo T. Extensive hybridization and associated geographic trends between two rockfishes Sebastes vulpes
and S. zonatus
(Teleostei: Scorpaeniformes: Sebastidae). J Evol Biol 2013; 26:1750-62. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Muto
- Division of Applied Biosciences; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University c/o The Kyoto University Museum; Kyoto University; Sakyo Kyoto Japan
| | - Y. Kai
- Field Science Education and Research Centre; Maizuru Fisheries Research Station; Kyoto University; Maizuru Kyoto Japan
| | - T. Noda
- Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute; Fisheries Research Agency; Miyako Iwate Japan
| | - T. Nakabo
- The Kyoto University Museum; Kyoto University; Sakyo Kyoto Japan
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17
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Ohlberger J, Brännström Å, Dieckmann U. Adaptive phenotypic diversification along a temperature-depth gradient. Am Nat 2013; 182:359-73. [PMID: 23933726 DOI: 10.1086/671169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical models suggest that sympatric speciation along environmental gradients might be common in nature. Here we present the first data-based model of evolutionary diversification along a continuous environmental gradient. On the basis of genetic analyses, it has been suggested that a pair of coregonid fishes (Coregonus spp.) in a postglacial German lake originated by sympatric speciation. Within this lake, the two species segregate vertically and show metabolic adaptations to, as well as behavioral preferences for, correspondingly different temperatures. We test the plausibility of the hypothesis that this diversifying process has been driven by adaptations to different thermal microhabitats along the lake's temperature-depth gradient. Using an adaptive-dynamics model that is calibrated with empirical data and allows the gradual evolution of a quantitative trait describing optimal foraging temperature, we show that under the specific environmental conditions in the lake, evolutionary branching of a hypothetical ancestral population into two distinct phenotypes may have occurred. We also show that the resultant evolutionary diversification yields two stably coexisting populations with trait values and depth distributions that are in agreement with those currently observed in the lake. We conclude that divergent thermal adaptations along the temperature-depth gradient might have brought about the two species observed today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Ohlberger
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, D-12587 Berlin, Germany.
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18
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Genome differentiation in a species pair of coregonine fishes: an extremely rapid speciation driven by stress-activated retrotransposons mediating extensive ribosomal DNA multiplications. BMC Evol Biol 2013; 13:42. [PMID: 23410024 PMCID: PMC3585787 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sympatric species pairs are particularly common in freshwater fishes associated with postglacial lakes in northern temperate environments. The nature of divergences between co-occurring sympatric species, factors contributing to reproductive isolation and modes of genome evolution is a much debated topic in evolutionary biology addressed by various experimental tools. To the best of our knowledge, nobody approached this field using molecular cytogenetics. We examined chromosomes and genomes of one postglacial species pair, sympatric European winter-spawning Coregonus albula and the local endemic dwarf-sized spring-spawning C. fontanae, both originating in Lake Stechlin. We have employed molecular cytogenetic tools to identify the genomic differences between the two species of the sympatric pair on the sub-chromosomal level of resolution. Results Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) experiments consistently revealed a distinct variation in the copy number of loci of the major ribosomal DNA (the 45S unit) between C. albula and C. fontanae genomes. In C. fontanae, up to 40 chromosomes were identified to bear a part of the major ribosomal DNA, while in C. albula only 8–10 chromosomes possessed these genes. To determine mechanisms how such extensive genome alternation might have arisen, a PCR screening for retrotransposons from genomic DNA of both species was performed. The amplified retrotransposon Rex1 was used as a probe for FISH mapping onto chromosomes of both species. These experiments showed a clear co-localization of the ribosomal DNA and the retrotransposon Rex1 in a pericentromeric region of one or two acrocentric chromosomes in both species. Conclusion We demonstrated genomic consequences of a rapid ecological speciation on the level undetectable by neither sequence nor karyotype analysis. We provide indirect evidence that ribosomal DNA probably utilized the spreading mechanism of retrotransposons subsequently affecting recombination rates in both genomes, thus, leading to a rapid genome divergence. We attribute these extensive genome re-arrangements associated with speciation event to stress-induced retrotransposons (re)activation. Such causal interplay between genome differentiation, retrotransposons (re)activation and environmental conditions may become a topic to be explored in a broader genomic context in future evolutionary studies.
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LUTTIKHUIZEN PC, DRENT J, PEIJNENBURG KTCA, Van Der VEER HW, JOHANNESSON K. Genetic architecture in a marine hybrid zone: comparing outlier detection and genomic clines analysis in the bivalveMacoma balthica. Mol Ecol 2012; 21:3048-61. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2012.05586.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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20
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Mehner T, Emmrich M, Kasprzak P. Discrete thermal windows cause opposite response of sympatric cold-water fish species to annual temperature variability. Ecosphere 2011. [DOI: 10.1890/es11-00109.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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21
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Ohlberger J, Mehner T, Staaks G, Hölker F. Intraspecific temperature dependence of the scaling of metabolic rate with body mass in fishes and its ecological implications. OIKOS 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.19882.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Morphology and mitochondrial DNA variation of the Siberian whitefish Coregonus lavaretus pidschian (Gmelin) in the upstream water bodies of the Ob and Yenisei Rivers. Evol Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-010-9437-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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