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Tripathi JP, Tripathi D, Mandal S, Shrimali MD. Cannibalistic enemy-pest model: effect of additional food and harvesting. J Math Biol 2023; 87:58. [PMID: 37702756 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-023-01991-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Biological control using natural enemies with additional food resources is one of the most adopted and ecofriendly pest control techniques. Moreover, additional food is also provided to natural enemies to divert them from cannibalism. In the present work, using the theory of dynamical system, we discuss the dynamics of a cannibalistic predator prey model in the presence of different harvesting schemes in prey (pest) population and provision of additional food to predators (natural enemies). A detailed mathematical analysis and numerical evaluations have been presented to discuss the pest free state, coexistence of species, stability, occurrence of different bifurcations (saddle-node, transcritical, Hopf, Bogdanov-Takens) and the impact of additional food and harvesting schemes on the dynamics of the system. It has been obtained that the multiple coexisting equilibria and their stability depend on the additional food (quality and quantity) and harvesting rates. Interestingly, we also observe that the pest population density decreases immediately even when small amount of harvesting is implemented. Also the eradication of pest population (stable pest free state) could be achieved via variation in the additional food and implemented harvesting schemes. The individual effects of harvesting parameters on the pest density suggest that the linear harvesting scheme is more effective to control the pest population rather than constant and nonlinear harvesting schemes. In the context of biological control programs, the present theoretical work suggests different threshold values of implemented harvesting and appropriate choices of additional food to be supplied for pest eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai Prakash Tripathi
- Department of Mathematics, Central University of Rajasthan, NH 8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Deepak Tripathi
- Department of Mathematics, Central University of Rajasthan, NH 8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Swarnendu Mandal
- Department of Physics, Central University of Rajasthan, NH 8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Manish Dev Shrimali
- Department of Physics, Central University of Rajasthan, NH 8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India.
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2
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Crossland MR, Shine R, Haramura T. A biological invasion reduces rates of cannibalism by Japanese toad tadpoles. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9587. [PMID: 37311915 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36743-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological invasions can favour rapid changes in intraspecific competitive mechanisms such as cannibalism by imposing novel evolutionary pressures. For example, cane toad (Rhinella marina) tadpoles are highly cannibalistic on eggs and hatchlings in their invasive range in Australia, but not in their native range in South America. Whether such changes in cannibalism occur in invasive populations of other amphibian species is unknown. To explore this question, we collected wild-laid egg clutches of Japanese common toads (Bufo japonicus) from native and invasive populations in Japan, and conducted laboratory experiments to examine cannibalism responses. Contrary to the Australian system, we found that invasion has been accompanied by reduced cannibalistic tendency of B. japonicus tadpoles. This reduction has occurred despite invasive-range B. japonicus eggs/hatchlings being more vulnerable than native-range B. japonicus eggs/hatchlings to cannibalism by native-range conspecific tadpoles, and to predation by native-range frog tadpoles. Our findings thus support the idea that biological invasions can generate rapid changes in rates of cannibalism, but also show that decreases as well as increases can occur. Future work could investigate the proximate cues and selective forces responsible for this rapid decrease in rates of cannibalism by tadpoles in an invasive B. japonicus population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Crossland
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Richard Shine
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Takashi Haramura
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan.
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3
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Riesch R, Araújo MS, Bumgarner S, Filla C, Pennafort L, Goins TR, Lucion D, Makowicz AM, Martin RA, Pirroni S, Langerhans RB. Resource competition explains rare cannibalism in the wild in livebearing fishes. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8872. [PMID: 35600676 PMCID: PMC9109233 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Riesch
- Department of Biological Sciences Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour Royal Holloway University of London Egham UK
| | - Márcio S. Araújo
- Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Rio Claro Brazil
| | - Stuart Bumgarner
- Department of Biological Sciences North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | - Caitlynn Filla
- Department of Biological Sciences North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
- Department of Anthropology University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
| | - Laura Pennafort
- Department of Biological Sciences Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour Royal Holloway University of London Egham UK
| | - Taylor R. Goins
- Department of Biological Sciences North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | - Darlene Lucion
- Department of Biological Sciences Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour Royal Holloway University of London Egham UK
| | - Amber M. Makowicz
- Department of Biological Sciences Florida State University Tallahassee Florida USA
| | - Ryan A. Martin
- Department of Biology Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA
| | - Sara Pirroni
- Department of Biological Sciences Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour Royal Holloway University of London Egham UK
| | - R. Brian Langerhans
- Department of Biological Sciences North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
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4
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The evolution of targeted cannibalism and cannibal-induced defenses in invasive populations of cane toads. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2100765118. [PMID: 34426494 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100765118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotic conflict can create evolutionary arms races, in which innovation in one group increases selective pressure on another, such that organisms must constantly adapt to maintain the same level of fitness. In some cases, this process is driven by conflict among members of the same species. Intraspecific conflict can be an especially important selective force in high-density invasive populations, which may favor the evolution of strategies for outcompeting or eliminating conspecifics. Cannibalism is one such strategy; by killing and consuming their intraspecific competitors, cannibals enhance their own performance. Cannibalistic behaviors may therefore be favored in invasive populations. Here, we show that cane toad tadpoles (Rhinella marina) from invasive Australian populations have evolved an increased propensity to cannibalize younger conspecifics as well as a unique adaptation to cannibalism-a strong attraction to vulnerable hatchlings-that is absent in the native range. In response, vulnerable conspecifics from invasive populations have evolved both stronger constitutive defenses and greater cannibal-induced plastic responses than their native range counterparts (i.e., rapid prefeeding development and inducible developmental acceleration). These inducible defenses are costly, incurring performance reductions during the subsequent life stage, explaining why plasticity is limited in native populations where hatchlings are not targeted by cannibalistic tadpoles. These results demonstrate the importance of intraspecific conflict in driving rapid evolution, highlight how plasticity can facilitate adaptation following shifts in selective pressure, and show that evolutionary processes can produce mechanisms that regulate invasive populations.
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5
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Mastrantonio V, Crasta G, Urbanelli S, Porretta D. Cannibalism and Necrophagy Promote a Resource Loop and Benefit Larval Development in Insects of Temporary Waters. INSECTS 2021; 12:657. [PMID: 34357317 PMCID: PMC8303820 DOI: 10.3390/insects12070657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Temporary aquatic habitats are contingent on the allochthonous inputs of plant and animal detritus, whose quality and availability can significantly affect the species developing in these habitats. Although animal detritus (i.e., invertebrate carcasses) is a high-quality food, it is an unpredictable and variable resource. On the contrary, conspecific individuals (dead or alive) are a nutritionally high-quality food source that is always available. In this context, conspecifics consumption, by cannibalism or necrophagy, can be a good strategy to overcome nutrient limitation and allow individual maintenance and development. Here, we tested this hypothesis by using the tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus. By carrying out laboratory and semi-field experiments, we first estimated the relative rate of cannibalism and necrophagy, under different larval densities. Then, we analyzed the effects of cannibalism and necrophagy on larval survival and adult yield. Consistent with our hypothesis, we found that cannibalism and necrophagy occurred under all experimental conditions, and that conspecific consumption had positive effects on individual development, as it significantly increased the rate of adult emergence and larval survival. Interestingly, about 50% of the initial cohort was consumed by conspecifics, suggesting that cannibalism and necrophagy can drive an important resources loop in temporary aquatic habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Mastrantonio
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (V.M.); (S.U.)
| | - Graziano Crasta
- Department of Mathematics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy;
| | - Sandra Urbanelli
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (V.M.); (S.U.)
| | - Daniele Porretta
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (V.M.); (S.U.)
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6
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Li H, Li B, Lövei GL, Kring TJ, Obrycki JJ. Interactions Among Native and Non-Native Predatory Coccinellidae Influence Biological Control and Biodiversity. ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 114:119-136. [PMID: 33732410 PMCID: PMC7953206 DOI: 10.1093/aesa/saaa047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 30 yr, multiple species of predatory Coccinellidae, prominently Coccinella septempunctata L. and Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) have spread to new continents, influencing biodiversity and biological control. Here we review the mechanisms underlying these ecological interactions, focusing on multi-year field studies of native and non-native coccinellids and those using molecular and quantitative ecological methods. Field data from Asia show that H. axyridis, C. septempunctata, and Propylea japonica (Thunberg) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) are regularly among the most abundant predatory species but their rank varies by habitat. Studies of these species in their native Asian range, primarily related to their range in mainland China, document different patterns of seasonal abundance, species specific associations with prey, and habitat separation. Intraguild predation is well documented both in Asia and in newly invaded areas, and H. axyridis benefits most from this interaction. Harmonia axyridis also seems to rely more on cannibalism in times of prey scarcity than other species, and relatively sparse data indicate a lower predation pressure on it from natural enemies of coccinellids. Declines in the abundance of native coccinellids following the spread and increase of non-native species, documented in several multi-year studies on several continents, is a major concern for native biodiversity and the persistence of native coccinellid species. We suggest that future studies focus more attention on the community ecology of these invasive species in their native habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongran Li
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Entomology, School of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Baoping Li
- Department of Entomology, School of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gábor L Lövei
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Flakkebjerg Research Centre, Forsøgsvej 1, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Timothy J Kring
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - John J Obrycki
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Corresponding author, e-mail: john.
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DeVore JL, Crossland MR, Shine R. Trade‐offs affect the adaptive value of plasticity: stronger cannibal‐induced defenses incur greater costs in toad larvae. ECOL MONOGR 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jayna L. DeVore
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of Sydney Sydney2006New South Wales Australia
| | - Michael R. Crossland
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of Sydney Sydney2006New South Wales Australia
| | - Richard Shine
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of Sydney Sydney2006New South Wales Australia
- Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University Sydney2109 New South Wales Australia
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8
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Legrand P, Vanderplanck M, Verheggen FJ. Comparison of the Sex Pheromone Composition of Harmonia axyridis Originating from Native and Invaded Areas. INSECTS 2019; 10:insects10100326. [PMID: 31575079 PMCID: PMC6835886 DOI: 10.3390/insects10100326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), originates from South-East Asia and is now considered as an invasive species at a worldwide scale, with populations encountered in North and South America, Africa, and Europe. Several previous studies suggested that invasive populations display different behavioral and physiological traits, leading to a better fitness than native individuals. H. axyridis sex pheromone was identified recently, but only from individuals established in Europe. In this study, we compare the composition of the female sex pheromone of H. axyridis from two populations: (i) an invasive population in North America, and (ii) a native population in South-East China. We found the females originating from both populations to release in similar proportions the same five pheromonal compounds, namely β-caryophyllene, β-elemene, methyl-eugenol, α-humulene, and α-bulnesene. However, females from the North American strain release all five compounds in larger amount than the Chinese ones. Whether invasive individuals were selected during the process of invasion through their capacity to better call and find sexual partners remains to be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Legrand
- Chemical and Behavioural Ecology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA, University of Liege, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium;
| | - Maryse Vanderplanck
- Analytical Chemistry, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium;
| | - Francois J. Verheggen
- Chemical and Behavioural Ecology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA, University of Liege, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium;
- Correspondence:
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9
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Abram PK, Moffat CE. Rethinking biological control programs as planned invasions. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2018; 27:9-15. [PMID: 30025641 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biological control of pests with their natural enemies essentially consists of planned invasions, with the opportunity to select both the invader and the invaded environment. Recent advances in invasion science link 'intrinsic invasion factors' (life history and behavioral traits) with invader success; connect 'extrinsic invasion factors' (abiotic and biotic aspects of the invaded environment) with environmental invasibility; and demonstrate that their interaction leads not only to ecologically driven variability but also to rapid evolutionary change in biocontrol systems. However, current theory and empirical evidence from invasion science have not yet been extensively adopted into biological control research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul K Abram
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Agassiz Research and Development Centre, 6947 Hwy #7, Agassiz, BC V0M 1A0, Canada.
| | - Chandra E Moffat
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton Research and Development Centre, 850 Lincoln Road, Fredericton, NB E3B 1L7, Canada
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10
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Mastrantonio V, Crasta G, Puggioli A, Bellini R, Urbanelli S, Porretta D. Cannibalism in temporary waters: Simulations and laboratory experiments revealed the role of spatial shape in the mosquito Aedes albopictus. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198194. [PMID: 29813108 PMCID: PMC5973580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannibalism is a commonly observed phenomenon in arthropod species having relevant consequences for population dynamics and individual fitness. It is a context-dependent behaviour and an understanding of the factors affecting cannibalism rate is crucial to highlight its ecological relevance. In mosquitoes, cannibalism between larval stages has been widely documented, and the role of density, food availability and length of contact between individuals also ascertained. However, although mosquitoes can develop in temporary water habitats with very heterogeneous topologies, the role of the site shape where cannibals and victims co-occur has been instead overlooked. In this paper, we investigated this issue by using a simulation approach and laboratory cannibalism experiments between old (third- and fourth-instars) and young (first-instar) larvae of the tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus. Three virtual spaces with different shapes were simulated and the number of larval encounters was estimated in each one to assess whether the spatial shape affected the number of encounters between cannibal and victims. Then, experimental trials in containers with similar shapes to those used in the simulations were performed, and the cannibalism rate was estimated at 24 and 48h. Our results showed that the spatial shape plays a role on cannibalism interactions, affecting the number of encounters between individuals. Indeed, in the experimental trials performed, we observed the highest cannibalism rate in the container with the highest number of encounters predicted by the simulations. Interestingly, we found also that spatial shape can affect cannibalism not only by affecting the number of encounters, but also the number of encounters “favorable” for cannibalistic events. Temporary waters are inhabited by several species other than mosquitoes. Our results, showing an influence of the spatial shape on cannibalism in Ae. albopictus larvae, add a new critical factor to those affecting ecological interactions in these habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Graziano Crasta
- Department of Mathematics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Romeo Bellini
- Agriculture Environment Centre “G. Nicoli”, Crevalcore, Italy
| | - Sandra Urbanelli
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Porretta
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Rettig JE, Smith GR, Eng-Surowiac G, Mirzashvili D, Smyk M, Jones M, Hollis J. Consumption of Invasive Western Mosquitofish Fry by Adult Conspecifics and Native Crayfish. Northeast Nat (Steuben) 2018. [DOI: 10.1656/045.025.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mallory Smyk
- Department of Biology, Denison University, Granville, OH 43023
| | - Maggie Jones
- Department of Biology, Denison University, Granville, OH 43023
| | - Jeremy Hollis
- Department of Biology, Denison University, Granville, OH 43023
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12
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Nishimura K. An interaction-driven cannibalistic reaction norm. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:2305-2319. [PMID: 29468045 PMCID: PMC5817123 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannibalism is induced in larval-stage populations of the Hokkaido salamander, Hynobius retardatus, under the control of a cannibalism reaction norm. Here, I examined phenotypic expression under the cannibalism reaction norm, and how the induction of a cannibalistic morph under the norm leads to populational morphological diversification. I conducted a set of experiments in which density was manipulated to be either low or high. In the high-density treatment, the populations become dimorphic with some individuals developing into the cannibal morph type. I performed an exploratory analysis based on geometric morphometrics and showed that shape characteristics differed between not only cannibal and noncannibal morph types in the high-density treatment but also between those morph types and the solitary morph type in the low-density treatment. Size and shape of cannibal and noncannibal individuals were found to be located at either end of a continuum of expression following a unique size-shape integration rule that was different from the rule governing the size and shape variations of the solitary morph type. This result implies that the high-density-driven inducible morphology of an individual is governed by a common integration rule during the development of dimorphism under the control of the cannibalism reaction norm. Phenotypic expression under the cannibalism reaction norm is driven not only by population density but also by social interactions among the members of a population: variation in the populational expression of dimorphism is associated with contingent social interaction events among population members. The induced cannibalistic morph thus reflects not only by contest-type exploitative competition but also interference competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinya Nishimura
- Graduate School of Fisheries SciencesHokkaido UniversityJapan
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13
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Biological pest control using cannibalistic predators and with provision of additional food: a theoretical study. THEOR ECOL-NETH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12080-017-0358-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Musseau C, Vincenzi S, Jesenšek D, Crivelli AJ. Cannibalism in non-native brown trout Salmo trutta and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss stream-dwelling populations. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2017; 91:1737-1744. [PMID: 29023766 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduced and allopatric populations of brown trout Salmo trutta and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were sampled in Slovenia for stable isotope analysis to assess dietary niche shifts through ontogeny and estimate the propensity for cannibalism. Both S. trutta and O. mykiss are cannibals, with higher average relative contribution of conspecific assimilated energy for S. trutta (27·9%) compared with O. mykiss (7·7%). The smallest cannibal was 166 mm in the S. trutta population and 247 mm in the O. mykiss population.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Musseau
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 1-3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstrasse 34, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Vincenzi
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, 110 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, U.S.A
- Fisheries Ecology Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, 110 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, U.S.A
| | - D Jesenšek
- Tolmin Angling Association, Modrej 26a, 65216 Most na Soci, Slovenia
| | - A J Crivelli
- Station Biologique de la Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, 13200 Arles, France
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15
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Porretta D, Mastrantonio V, Crasta G, Bellini R, Comandatore F, Rossi P, Favia G, Bandi C, Urbanelli S. Intra-instar larval cannibalism in Anopheles gambiae (s.s.) and Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:566. [PMID: 27806728 PMCID: PMC5094080 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1850-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cannibalism has been observed in a wide range of animal taxa and its importance in persistence and stability of populations has been documented. In anopheline malaria vectors the inter-instar cannibalism between fourth- and first-instar larvae (L4-L1) has been shown in several species, while intra-instar cannibalism remains poorly investigated. In this study we tested the occurrence of intra-instar cannibalism within larvae of second-, third- and fourth-instar (L2, L3 and L4) of Anopheles gambiae (s.s.) and An. stephensi. Experiments were set up under laboratory conditions and the effects of larval density, duration of the contact period among larvae and the presence of an older larva (i.e. a potential cannibal of bigger size) on cannibalism rate were analysed. Cannibalism was assessed by computing the number of missing larvae after 24 and 48 h from the beginning of the experiments and further documented by records with a GoPro videocamera. Results Intra-instar cannibalism was observed in all larval instars of both species with higher frequency in An. gambiae (s.s.) than in An. stephensi. In both species the total number of cannibalistic events increased from 0–24 to 0–48 h. The density affected the cannibalism rate, but its effect was related to the larval instar and to the presence of older larvae. Interestingly, the lower cannibalism rate between L4 larvae was observed at the highest density and the cannibalism rate between L3 larvae decreased when one L4 was added. Conclusions The present study provides experimental evidence of intra-instar cannibalism in the malaria vectors An. gambiae (s.s.) and An. stephensi and highlights the possible occurrence of complex interactions between all larval instars potentially present in the breeding sites. We hypothesize that the high density and the presence of a potential cannibal of bigger size could affect the readiness to attack conspecifics, resulting into low risk larval behavior and lower cannibalism rate. The understanding of cannibalistic behavior and the factors affecting it is of utmost importance for malaria vectors, as nutrition during larval development can strongly affect the fitness of adult female mosquitoes and ultimately their vector ability. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1850-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Porretta
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Graziano Crasta
- Department of Mathematics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Romeo Bellini
- Agriculture Environment Centre "G. Nicoli", Crevalcore, Italy
| | - Francesco Comandatore
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Rossi
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Guido Favia
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Claudio Bandi
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandra Urbanelli
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Tayeh A, Hufbauer RA, Estoup A, Ravigné V, Frachon L, Facon B. Biological invasion and biological control select for different life histories. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7268. [PMID: 26035519 PMCID: PMC4458860 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological invaders have long been hypothesized to exhibit the fast end of the life-history spectrum, with early reproduction and a short lifespan. Here, we examine the rapid evolution of life history within the harlequin ladybird Harmonia axyridis. The species, once used as a biological control agent, is now a worldwide invader. We show that biocontrol populations have evolved a classic fast life history during their maintenance in laboratories. Invasive populations also reproduce earlier than native populations, but later than biocontrol ones. Invaders allocate more resources to reproduction than native and biocontrol individuals, and their reproduction is spread over a longer lifespan. This life history is best described as a bet-hedging strategy. We assert that invasiveness cannot be explained only by invoking faster life histories. Instead, the evolution of life history within invasive populations can progress rapidly and converge to a fine-tuned evolutionary match between the invaded environment and the invader. Understanding how biological invaders displace native species is challenging. Here, the authors compare the evolution of life-history strategies in the harlequin ladybird under laboratory conditions and show that invaders reproduce earlier and allocate more resources to reproduction than natives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth A Hufbauer
- Department of Bioagricultural Science and Pest Management, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado CO 80526-1177, USA
| | | | - Virginie Ravigné
- 1] UMR BGPI, CIRAD, 34000 Montpellier, France [2] UMR Peuplements Végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical, CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, Pôle de Protection des Plantes, 97410 Saint Pierre, France
| | - Léa Frachon
- 1] UMR CBGP, INRA, 34000 Montpellier, France [2] INRA, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR441, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France [3] CNRS, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR2594, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Benoit Facon
- 1] UMR CBGP, INRA, 34000 Montpellier, France [2] UMR Peuplements Végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical, CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, Pôle de Protection des Plantes, 97410 Saint Pierre, France
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