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Prakash J, Ramesh K, Tripathi D, Kumar R. Corrigendum to "Numerical simulation of heat transfer in blood flow altered by electroosmosis through tapered micro-vessels" [Microvasc. Res. 118 (2018) 162-172]. Microvasc Res 2024; 153:104657. [PMID: 38267351 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2024.104657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- J Prakash
- Department of Mathematics, Agni College of Technology, Thalambur, Chennai 600120, Tamilnadu, India
| | - K Ramesh
- Department of Mathematics, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar 144411, Punjab, India
| | - D Tripathi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, 303007, Rajasthan, India.
| | - R Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, 303007, Rajasthan, India
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Tripathi JP, Tripathi D, Mandal S, Shrimali MD. Cannibalistic enemy-pest model: effect of additional food and harvesting. J Math Biol 2023; 87:58. [PMID: 37702756 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-023-01991-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Biological control using natural enemies with additional food resources is one of the most adopted and ecofriendly pest control techniques. Moreover, additional food is also provided to natural enemies to divert them from cannibalism. In the present work, using the theory of dynamical system, we discuss the dynamics of a cannibalistic predator prey model in the presence of different harvesting schemes in prey (pest) population and provision of additional food to predators (natural enemies). A detailed mathematical analysis and numerical evaluations have been presented to discuss the pest free state, coexistence of species, stability, occurrence of different bifurcations (saddle-node, transcritical, Hopf, Bogdanov-Takens) and the impact of additional food and harvesting schemes on the dynamics of the system. It has been obtained that the multiple coexisting equilibria and their stability depend on the additional food (quality and quantity) and harvesting rates. Interestingly, we also observe that the pest population density decreases immediately even when small amount of harvesting is implemented. Also the eradication of pest population (stable pest free state) could be achieved via variation in the additional food and implemented harvesting schemes. The individual effects of harvesting parameters on the pest density suggest that the linear harvesting scheme is more effective to control the pest population rather than constant and nonlinear harvesting schemes. In the context of biological control programs, the present theoretical work suggests different threshold values of implemented harvesting and appropriate choices of additional food to be supplied for pest eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai Prakash Tripathi
- Department of Mathematics, Central University of Rajasthan, NH 8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Deepak Tripathi
- Department of Mathematics, Central University of Rajasthan, NH 8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Swarnendu Mandal
- Department of Physics, Central University of Rajasthan, NH 8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Manish Dev Shrimali
- Department of Physics, Central University of Rajasthan, NH 8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India.
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Latha KBS, Reddy MG, Tripathi D, Bég OA, Kuharat S, Ahmad H, Ozsahin DU, Askar S. Computation of stagnation coating flow of electro-conductive ternary Williamson hybrid [Formula: see text] nanofluid with a Cattaneo-Christov heat flux model and magnetic induction. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10972. [PMID: 37414803 PMCID: PMC10326031 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37197-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern smart coating systems are increasingly exploiting functional materials which combine multiple features including rheology, electromagnetic properties and nanotechnological capabilities and provide a range of advantages in diverse operations including medical, energy and transport designs (aerospace, marine, automotive). The simulation of the industrial synthesis of these multi-faceted coatings (including stagnation flow deposition processes) requires advanced mathematical models which can address multiple effects simultaneously. Inspired by these requests, this study investigates the interconnected magnetohydrodynamic non-Newtonian movement and thermal transfer in the Hiemenz plane's stagnation flow. Additionally, it explores the application of a transverse static magnetic field to a ternary hybrid nanofluid coating through theoretical and numerical analysis. The base fluid (polymeric) considered is engine-oil (EO) doped with graphene [Formula: see text], gold [Formula: see text] and Cobalt oxide [Formula: see text] nanoparticles. The model includes the integration of non-linear radiation, heat source, convective wall heating, and magnetic induction effects. For non-Newtonian characteristics, the Williamson model is utilized, while the Rosseland diffusion flux model is used for radiative transfer. Additionally, a non-Fourier Cattaneo-Christov heat flux model is utilized to include thermal relaxation effects. The governing partial differential conservation equations for mass, momentum, energy and magnetic induction are rendered into a system of coupled self-similar and non-linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with boundary restrictions using appropriate scaling transformations. The dimensionless boundary value problem that arises is solved using the bvp4c built-in function in MATLAB software, which employs the fourth-order Runge-Kutta (RK-4) method. An extensive examination is conducted to evaluate the impact of essential control parameters on the velocity [Formula: see text], induced magnetic field stream function gradient [Formula: see text] and temperature [Formula: see text] is conducted. The relative performance of ternary, hybrid binary and unitary nanofluids for all transport characteristics is evaluated. The inclusion of verification of the MATLAB solutions with prior studies is incorporated. Fluid velocity is observed to be minimized for the ternary [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] nanofluid whereas the velocity is maximized for the unitary cobalt oxide [Formula: see text] nanofluid with increasing magnetic parameter ([Formula: see text] Temperatures are elevated with increment in thermal radiation parameter (Rd). Streamlines are strongly modified in local regions with greater viscoelasticity i.e. higher Weissenberg number [Formula: see text]. Dimensionless skin friction is significantly greater for the ternary hybrid [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] nanofluid compared with binary hybrid or unitary nanofluid cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Bhagya Swetha Latha
- Department of Mathematics, Acharya Nagarjuna University Campus, Ongole, AP 523 001 India
| | - M. Gnaneswara Reddy
- Department of Mathematics, Acharya Nagarjuna University Campus, Ongole, AP 523 001 India
| | - D. Tripathi
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology, Uttarakhand, 246174 India
| | - O. Anwar Bég
- Multi-Physical Engineering Sciences Group, Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, Corrosion/Coatings Lab, Salford University, 3-08, SEE Building, Manchester, M54WT UK
| | - S. Kuharat
- Multi-Physical Engineering Sciences Group, Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, Corrosion/Coatings Lab, Salford University, 3-08, SEE Building, Manchester, M54WT UK
| | - Hijaz Ahmad
- Section of Mathematics, International Telematic University Uninettuno, Corso Vittorio Emanuele II, 39, 00186 Rome, Italy
- Near East University, Operational Research Center in Healthcare, TRNC Mersin 10, 99138 Nicosia, Turkey
- Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dilber Uzun Ozsahin
- Department of Medical Diagnostic Imaging, College of Health Sciences, Sharjah University, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sameh Askar
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
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Yang B, Mukherjee T, Radhakrishnan R, Paidipally P, Ansari D, John S, Vankayalapati R, Tripathi D, Yi G. HIV-Differentiated Metabolite N-Acetyl-L-Alanine Dysregulates Human Natural Killer Cell Responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087267. [PMID: 37108430 PMCID: PMC10138430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has latently infected over two billion people worldwide (LTBI) and caused ~1.6 million deaths in 2021. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection with Mtb will affect the Mtb progression and increase the risk of developing active tuberculosis by 10-20 times compared with HIV- LTBI+ patients. It is crucial to understand how HIV can dysregulate immune responses in LTBI+ individuals. Plasma samples collected from healthy and HIV-infected individuals were investigated using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and the metabolic data were analyzed using the online platform Metabo-Analyst. ELISA, surface and intracellular staining, flow cytometry, and quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) were performed using standard procedures to determine the surface markers, cytokines, and other signaling molecule expressions. Seahorse extra-cellular flux assays were used to measure mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. Six metabolites were significantly less abundant, and two were significantly higher in abundance in HIV+ individuals compared with healthy donors. One of the HIV-upregulated metabolites, N-acetyl-L-alanine (ALA), inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ production by the NK cells of LTBI+ individuals. ALA inhibits the glycolysis of LTBI+ individuals' NK cells in response to Mtb. Our findings demonstrate that HIV infection enhances plasma ALA levels to inhibit NK-cell-mediated immune responses to Mtb infection, offering a new understanding of the HIV-Mtb interaction and providing insights into the implication of nutrition intervention and therapy for HIV-Mtb co-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojun Yang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Tanmoy Mukherjee
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Rajesh Radhakrishnan
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Padmaja Paidipally
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Danish Ansari
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Sahana John
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Ramakrishna Vankayalapati
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Deepak Tripathi
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Guohua Yi
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
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Ram D, Bhandari DS, Sharma K, Tripathi D. Progression of blood-borne viruses through bloodstream: A comparative mathematical study. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2023; 232:107425. [PMID: 36871543 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Blood-borne pathogens are contagious microorganisms that can cause life-threatening illnesses, and are found in human blood. It is crucial to examine how these viruses spread through blood flow in the blood vessel. Keeping that in view, this study aims to determine how blood viscosity, and diameter of the viruses can affect the virus transmission through the blood flow in the blood vessel. A comparative study of bloodborne viruses (BBVs) such as HIV, Hepatitis B, and C, has been addressed in the present model. A couple stress fluid model is used to represent blood as a carrying medium for virus transmission. The Basset-Boussinesq-Oseen equation is taken into account for the simulation of virus transmission. METHODS An analytical approach to derive the exact solutions under the assumption of long wavelength and low Reynolds number approximations is employed. For the computation of the results, a segment (wavelength) of blood vessels about 120 mm with wave velocities in the range of 49 - 190 mm/sec are considered, where the diameter of BBVs ranges from 40-120 nm. The viscosity of the blood varies from 3.5-5.5 × 10-3Ns/m2 which affect the virion motion having a density range 1.03 - 1. 25 g/m3. RESULTS It shows that the Hepatitis B virus is more harmful than other blood-borne viruses considered in the analysis. Patients with high blood pressure are highly susceptible for transmission of BBVs. CONCLUSIONS The present fluid dynamics approach for virus spread through blood flow can be helpful in understanding the dynamics of virus propagation inside the human circulatory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daya Ram
- Department of Mathematics, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017, India
| | - D S Bhandari
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Uttarakhand, Sringar 246174, India
| | - Kushal Sharma
- Department of Mathematics, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017, India
| | - D Tripathi
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Uttarakhand, Sringar 246174, India.
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Yang B, Mukherjee T, Radhakrishnan R, Paidipally P, Ansari D, John S, Vankayalapati R, Tripathi D, Yi G. HIV-differentiated metabolite N-Acetyl-L-Alanine dysregulates human natural killer cell responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. bioRxiv 2023:2023.02.28.530445. [PMID: 36909560 PMCID: PMC10002710 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.28.530445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) has latently infected over two billion people worldwide (LTBI) and causes 1.8 million deaths each year. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection with Mtb will affect the Mtb progression and increase the risk of developing active tuberculosis by 10-20 times compared to the HIV-LTBI+ patients. It is crucial to understand how HIV can dysregulate immune responses in LTBI+ individuals. Methods Plasma samples collected from healthy and HIV-infected individuals were investigated by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and the metabolic data were analyzed using an online platform Metabo-Analyst. ELISA, surface and intracellular staining, flow cytometry, quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) were performed by standard procedure to determine the surface markers, cytokines and other signaling molecule expression. Seahorse extra cellular flux assays were used to measure the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. Results Six metabolites were significantly less abundant, and two were significantly higher in abundance in HIV+ individuals compared to healthy donors. One of the HIV-upregulated metabolites, N-Acetyl-L-Alanine (ALA), inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-□ production by NK cells of LTBI+ individuals. ALA inhibits glycolysis of LTBI+ individuals' NK cells in response to Mtb . Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that HIV infection enhances plasma ALA levels to inhibit NK cell-mediated immune responses to Mtb infection, offering a new understanding of the HIV- Mtb interaction and providing the implication of nutrition intervention and therapy for HIV- Mtb co-infected patients.
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Tripathi D, Devalraju KP, Neela VSK, Mukherjee T, Paidipally P, Radhakrishnan RK, Dozmorov I, Vankayalapati A, Ansari MS, Mallidi V, Bogam AK, Singh KP, Samten B, Valluri VL, Vankayalapati R. Metabolites enhance innate resistance to human Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. JCI Insight 2022; 7:152357. [PMID: 36509283 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.152357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the mechanisms that mediate resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infection in household contacts (HHCs) of patients with tuberculosis (TB), we followed 452 latent TB infection-negative (LTBI-) HHCs for 2 years. Those who remained LTBI- throughout the study were identified as nonconverters. At baseline, nonconverters had a higher percentage of CD14+ and CD3-CD56+CD27+CCR7+ memory-like natural killer (NK) cells. Using a whole-transcriptome and metabolomic approach, we identified deoxycorticosterone acetate as a metabolite with elevated concentrations in the plasma of nonconverters, and further studies showed that this metabolite enhanced glycolytic ATP flux in macrophages and restricted M. tuberculosis growth by enhancing antimicrobial peptide production through the expression of the surface receptor sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin-14. Another metabolite, 4-hydroxypyridine, from the plasma of nonconverters significantly enhanced the expansion of memory-like NK cells. Our findings demonstrate that increased levels of specific metabolites can regulate innate resistance against M. tuberculosis infection in HHCs of patients with TB who never develop LTBI or active TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Tripathi
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology and Center for Biomedical Research, School of Community and Rural Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Tanmoy Mukherjee
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology and Center for Biomedical Research, School of Community and Rural Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - Padmaja Paidipally
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology and Center for Biomedical Research, School of Community and Rural Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - Rajesh Kumar Radhakrishnan
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology and Center for Biomedical Research, School of Community and Rural Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - Igor Dozmorov
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Abhinav Vankayalapati
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology and Center for Biomedical Research, School of Community and Rural Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - Mohammad Soheb Ansari
- Immunology and Molecular Biology Department, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, India
| | - Varalakshmi Mallidi
- Immunology and Molecular Biology Department, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, India
| | - Anvesh Kumar Bogam
- Immunology and Molecular Biology Department, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, India
| | - Karan P Singh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Community and Rural Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - Buka Samten
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology and Center for Biomedical Research, School of Community and Rural Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - Vijaya Lakshmi Valluri
- Immunology and Molecular Biology Department, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ramakrishna Vankayalapati
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology and Center for Biomedical Research, School of Community and Rural Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, USA
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Sivangala Thandi R, Radhakrishnan RK, Tripathi D, Paidipally P, Azad AK, Schlesinger LS, Samten B, Mulik S, Vankayalapati R. Retraction Note: Ornithine-A urea cycle metabolite enhances autophagy and controls Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6159. [PMID: 36257939 PMCID: PMC9579126 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33608-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Sivangala Thandi
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler, TX, 75708, USA
| | - Rajesh Kumar Radhakrishnan
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler, TX, 75708, USA
| | - Deepak Tripathi
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler, TX, 75708, USA
| | - Padmaja Paidipally
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler, TX, 75708, USA
| | - Abul K Azad
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | | | - Buka Samten
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler, TX, 75708, USA
| | - Sachin Mulik
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler, TX, 75708, USA
| | - Ramakrishna Vankayalapati
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler, TX, 75708, USA.
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Singh PK, Tripathi D, Singh S, Bhushan M, Kumar L, Raman K, Barik S, Kumar G, Shukla SK, Gairola M. To Study the Impact of Different Optimization Methods on Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy and Volumetric-Modulated Arc Therapy Plans for Hip Prosthesis Patients. J Med Phys 2022; 47:262-269. [PMID: 36684696 PMCID: PMC9847001 DOI: 10.4103/jmp.jmp_14_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To study the impact of different optimization methods in dealing with metallic hip implant using intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) techniques. Materials and Methods A cohort of 16 patients having metallic implants was selected for the study. Three sets of IMRT and VMAT plans were generated. Set 1 IMRT (IM_Base), VMAT (VM_Base) without any restrictions on beam entry and exit, set 2 (IM_ENT and VM_ENT) optimizer restricts the beam entry and set 3 (IM_EXT+ENT), neither entry nor exit doses were allowed toward the metallic implant. Results There was no significant difference in target (D95%) and organ-at-risk doses between IM_Base and IM_ENT. There were significant (P = 0.002) improvements in planning target volume (PTV) V95% and homogeneity from IM_EXT+ENT to IM_ENT. There was no significant difference in plan quality between VM_Base and VM_ENT. There were significant (P = 0.005) improvements in PTV, V95%, homogeneity from VM_EXT+ENT to VM_ENT. V40Gy, V30Gy for bladder, rectum, bowel, and bowel maximum dose decreases significantly (P < 0.005) in IM_ENT compared to IM_EXT+ENT, but not significant for VMAT plans. Similarly, there was a significant decrease in dose spill outside target (P < 0.05) comparing 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70% dose spills for IM_ENT compared to IM_EXT+ENT, but variations among VMAT plans are insignificant. VMAT plans were always superior to IMRT plans for the same optimization methods. Conclusion The best approach is to plan hip prosthesis cases with blocked entry of radiation beam for IMRT and VMAT. The VMAT plans had more volumetric coverage, fewer hotspots, and lesser heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar Singh
- Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Medical Physics, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Tripathi
- Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sukhvir Singh
- Radiological Physics and Internal Dosimetry Group, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Delhi, India
| | - Manindra Bhushan
- Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Medical Physics, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Medical Physics, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Kothanda Raman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Medical Physics, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Soumitra Barik
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Medical Physics, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Gourav Kumar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Medical Physics, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Shukla
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Medical Physics, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Munish Gairola
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Medical Physics, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
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Shaw S, Shit G, Tripathi D. Impact of drug carrier shape, size, porosity and blood rheology on magnetic nanoparticle-based drug delivery in a microvessel. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Bhushan M, Tripathi D, Yadav G, Kumar L, Chowdhary R, Pahuja A, Suhail M, Mitra S, Gairola M. Dosimetric analysis of intensity-modulated radiation therapy and volumetric-modulated arc therapy in comparison with conventional box technique in the treatment of carcinoma cervix: An impact of prosthetic implant. J Cancer Res Ther 2022; 18:1504-1512. [DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_835_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Paolacci S, Kiani AK, Shree P, Tripathi D, Tripathi YB, Tripathi P, Tartaglia GM, Farronato M, Farronato G, Connelly ST, Ceccarini MR, Coatto M, Ergoren MC, Sanlidag T, Dautaj A, Bertelli M. Scoping review on the role and interactions of hydroxytyrosol and alpha-cyclodextrin in lipid-raft-mediated endocytosis of SARS-CoV-2 and bioinformatic molecular docking studies. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2021; 25:90-100. [PMID: 34890039 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202112_27338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to show the effect that two naturally occurring compounds, a cyclodextrin and hydroxytyrosol, can have on the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into human cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The PubMed database was searched to retrieve studies published from 2000 to 2020, satisfying the inclusion criteria. The search keywords were: SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus, lipid raft, endocytosis, hydroxytyrosol, cyclodextrin. Modeling of alpha-cyclodextrin and hydroxytyrosol were done using UCSF Chimera 1.14. RESULTS The search results indicated that cyclodextrins can reduce the efficiency of viral endocytosis and that hydroxytyrosol has antiviral properties. Bioinformatic docking studies showed that alpha-cyclodextrin and hydroxytyrosol, alone or in combination, interact with the viral spike protein and its host cell receptor ACE2, thereby potentially influencing the endocytosis process. CONCLUSIONS Hydroxytyrosol and alpha-cyclodextrin can be useful against the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
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Bhushan M, Tripathi D, Yadav G, Kumar L, Dewan A, Tandon S, Kumar G, Wahi IK, Gairola M. Effect of contrast medium on treatment modalities planned with different photon beam energies: a planning study. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2021; 26:688-711. [PMID: 34760305 PMCID: PMC8575357 DOI: 10.5603/rpor.a2021.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Routinely, patient's planning scans are acquired after administration of iodinized contrast media but they will be treated in the absence of that. Similarly, high energy photons have a better penetrating power, while low energy photons will result in tighter dose distribution and negligible neutron contamination. The aim of the study was to investigate a suitable photon beam energy in the presence of intravenous contrast medium. MATERIALS AND METHODS An indigenously made original-contrast (OC) phantom was mentioned as virtual-contrast (VC) and virtual-without-contrast (VWC) phantom were generated by assigning the Hounsfield Units (HU) to different structures. Intensity-modulated (IMRT) and volumetric-modulated-arc (VMAT) plans were generated as per criteria of the TG-119 protocol. RESULTS It was observed that the maximum dose to the spinal cord was better with 6 mega-voltage (MV) in IMRT. The coverage of Prostate PTV (PR PTV) was similar with all the photon energies and was comparable with TG-119, except for original-contrast (OC) phantom using the VMAT technique. Homogeneity-index (HI) was comparatively better for VMAT plans. CONCLUSION The contrast CT images lower the dose to targets. IMRT or VMAT plans, generated on such CT images will be delivered with higher doses than evaluated. However, the overdose remains non-significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manindra Bhushan
- Division of Medical Physics and Department of Radiation Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
- Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University (AUUP), NOIDA, Mumbai, India
| | - Deepak Tripathi
- Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University (AUUP), NOIDA, Mumbai, India
| | - Girigesh Yadav
- Division of Medical Physics and Department of Radiation Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Division of Medical Physics and Department of Radiation Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhinav Dewan
- Division of Medical Physics and Department of Radiation Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarthak Tandon
- Division of Medical Physics and Department of Radiation Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Gourav Kumar
- Division of Medical Physics and Department of Radiation Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Inderjit Kaur Wahi
- Division of Medical Physics and Department of Radiation Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Munish Gairola
- Division of Medical Physics and Department of Radiation Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
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Devalraju KP, Tripathi D, Neela VSK, Paidipally P, Radhakrishnan RK, Singh KP, Ansari MS, Jaeger M, Netea-Maier RT, Netea MG, Park S, Cheng SY, Valluri VL, Vankayalapati R. Reduced thyroxine production in young household contacts of tuberculosis patients increases active tuberculosis disease risk. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e148271. [PMID: 34236051 PMCID: PMC8410087 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.148271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we followed 839 household contacts (HHCs) of tuberculosis (TB) patients for 2 years and identified the factors that enhanced the development of TB. Fourteen of the 17 HHCs who progressed to TB were in the 15- to 30-year-old age group. At baseline (the “0“ time point, when all the individuals were healthy), the concentration of the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4) was lower, and there were increased numbers of Tregs in PBMCs of TB progressors. At baseline, PBMCs from TB progressors stimulated with early secretory antigenic target 6 (ESAT-6) and 10 kDa culture filtrate antigen (CFP-10) produced less IL-1α. Thyroid hormones inhibited Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) growth in macrophages in an IL-1α–dependent manner. Mtb-infected Thra1PV/+ (mutant thyroid hormone receptor) mice had increased mortality and reduced IL-1α production. Our findings suggest that young HHCs who exhibit decreased production of thyroid hormones are at high risk of developing active TB disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamakshi Prudhula Devalraju
- Immunology and Molecular Biology Department, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Deepak Tripathi
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - Venkata Sanjeev Kumar Neela
- Immunology and Molecular Biology Department, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Padmaja Paidipally
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - Rajesh Kumar Radhakrishnan
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - Karan P Singh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Community and Rural Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - Mohammad Soheb Ansari
- Immunology and Molecular Biology Department, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Martin Jaeger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and.,Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sunmi Park
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sheue-Yann Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Vijaya Lakshmi Valluri
- Immunology and Molecular Biology Department, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ramakrishna Vankayalapati
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, USA
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Singh R, Tripathi D, Jaiswal S, Singh P, Balar T, Viradiya C. Use of negative pressure wound therapy as a bolster over skin grafts in patients with severe burn injuries at a tertiary care burn centre in India. Burns Open 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burnso.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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16
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Tripathi D, Radhakrishnan RK, Thandi RS, Paidipally P, Devalraju KP, Neela VSK, McAllister MK, Samten B, Valluri VL, Vankayalapati R. Correction: IL-22 produced by type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) reduces the mortality of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009578. [PMID: 33956912 PMCID: PMC8101912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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17
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Bhushan M, Tripathi D, Yadav G, Kumar L, Chowdhary RL, Pahuja AK, Suresh T, Shukla SK, Mitra S. Feasibility of Monte-Carlo algorithm in comparison with collapse-cone dose calculation algorithm of a commercial treatment planning system in the presence of high-density metallic implant: a dosimetric study. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2021; 33:2. [PMID: 33415487 DOI: 10.1186/s43046-020-00057-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of people with implanted hip prosthesis has grown worldwide. For radiotherapy planning of patients with hip implants, few main challenges are encountered. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of different planning algorithms in the presence of high-density metallic implant in the treatment of patients with carcinoma cervix. RESULTS It was found that D98% were 44.49 ± 0.11, 44.51 ± 0.13, 44.39 ± 0.22, and 44.45 ± 0.16 Gy for 4FMC6MV (4-field technique calculated with Monte-Carlo algorithm and 6 MV photon energy), 4FMC6MV_WP (4-field technique calculated with Monte-Carlo algorithm and 6 MV photon energy without prosthesis), 4FCC6MV (4-field technique calculated with collapse-cone-convolution algorithm and 6 MV photon energy), and 4FCC6MV_WP (4-field technique calculated with collapse-cone-convolution algorithm and 6 MV photon energy without prosthesis) respectively. Similarly, D2% were 49.40 ± 0.84, 49.05 ± 0.76, 48.97 ± 0.91, and 48.57 ± 0.85 Gray (Gy) for 4FMC6MV, 4FMC6MV_WP, 4FCC6MV, and 4FCC6MV_WP respectively. The present study has not suggested any major difference between the Monte-Carlo (MC) and collapse-cone-convolution (CCC) calculation algorithm in the presence of high-Z metallic implants. Volume of bowel receiving 15 Gy dose has shown a significant difference with prosthesis cases. This study investigates that hip prosthesis creates considerable changes in the treatment planning of cervical malignancies. CONCLUSION CCC algorithm is in good agreement with MC calculation algorithm in the presence of high-density metallic implants in terms of target coverage and avoidance organ sparing except few parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manindra Bhushan
- Division of Medical Physics & Department of Radiation Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Sector-5, Rohini, New Delhi, 110085, India. .,Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University (AUUP), Noida, India.
| | - Deepak Tripathi
- Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University (AUUP), Noida, India
| | - Girigesh Yadav
- Division of Medical Physics & Department of Radiation Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Sector-5, Rohini, New Delhi, 110085, India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Division of Medical Physics & Department of Radiation Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Sector-5, Rohini, New Delhi, 110085, India.,Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Rahul Lal Chowdhary
- Division of Medical Physics & Department of Radiation Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Sector-5, Rohini, New Delhi, 110085, India
| | - Anjali K Pahuja
- Division of Medical Physics & Department of Radiation Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Sector-5, Rohini, New Delhi, 110085, India
| | - Tamilarasu Suresh
- Division of Medical Physics & Department of Radiation Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Sector-5, Rohini, New Delhi, 110085, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Shukla
- Division of Medical Physics & Department of Radiation Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Sector-5, Rohini, New Delhi, 110085, India
| | - Swarupa Mitra
- Division of Medical Physics & Department of Radiation Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Sector-5, Rohini, New Delhi, 110085, India
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Tripathi D. Unique T-cell phenotypes and articular involvement in sarcoidosis. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2020; 50:220-221. [PMID: 32936091 DOI: 10.4997/jrcpe.2020.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Tripathi
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Center, Tyler, Texas TX 75708, USA,
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Ramesh K, Tripathi D, Bhatti M, Khalique C. Electro-osmotic flow of hydromagnetic dusty viscoelastic fluids in a microchannel propagated by peristalsis. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Bhushan M, Tripathi D, Yadav G, Kumar L, Dewan A, Kumar G. Effect of Hip Prosthesis on Photon Beam Characteristics in Radiological Physics. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:1731-1738. [PMID: 32592371 PMCID: PMC7568891 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.6.1731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Aim of study is to investigate the effect of hip prosthesis on 6 and 15 MV photon beam energies. Materials and Methods: Prosthesis was kept at the level of tray position. The measurements were done on Varian Clinac-iX linac. Customized prosthesis, termed as Prosthetic Metal Implant (PMI) was made up of wrought austenitic stainless steel rod and covered with paraffin-wax. ‘Standard prosthesis’ was made up of wrought titanium alloy. The dose profiles were measured for three field sizes i.e. 5, 10 and 20 cm at 100 cm SSD for 6 and 15 MV energies. The perturbation index (PI) was also calculated. Results: Perturbation caused by standard prosthesis was approximately 50% higher than that of PMI. This result may be due to difference in dimension and not because of material composition. Variation of central axis dose might be due to the dimensions of PMI used for experiment which gave intermediate response (e.g. 102.1%, 141.0% and 117.7% for Open, Standard and PMI respectively for 10x10 cm2 field size, 10 cm depth and 15MV photon beam setup )as compared to the ‘open’ and ‘standard’ prosthesis. Percentage dose at 10 cm for 6MV photon increased rapidly with field-size for PMI. But, for 15MV photon, difference was not significant. Surface dose (Ds) for PMI remains significantly higher for smaller field. Conclusion: The perturbation index varied from 0.05 to 0.22 for the measured energies and gave an idea to the planner to assess the behavior of the prosthesis. This range is applicable for both type of implants and for all clinical field-sizes. The attenuation caused by the prosthesis was significant and this effect should be considered in the treatment planning calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manindra Bhushan
- Division of Medical Physics and Department of Radiation Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi (India)-110085, India.,Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University (AUUP), NOIDA, India
| | - Deepak Tripathi
- Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University (AUUP), NOIDA, India
| | - Girigesh Yadav
- Division of Medical Physics and Department of Radiation Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi (India)-110085, India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Division of Medical Physics and Department of Radiation Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi (India)-110085, India.,Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow (UP), India
| | - Abhinav Dewan
- Division of Medical Physics and Department of Radiation Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi (India)-110085, India
| | - Gourav Kumar
- Division of Medical Physics and Department of Radiation Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi (India)-110085, India
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21
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McAllister MK, Tripathi D, Radhakrishnan RK, Thandi RS, Paidipally P, Vankayalapati R. Phenotypic and functional characterization of lung resident lymphocytes of BCG vaccinated mice. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.85.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) remains to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, causing an estimated 1.3 million deaths annually. It is known that intranasal Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination in mice has proven to provide superior protection against pulmonary TB, as compared to parenterally administered BCG. In the current study, we determined the phenotype and function of lung-resident lymphocytes in intranasally BCG vaccinated mice. C57BL/6 mice were vaccinated intranasally with live-attenuated BCG and lung lymphocytes were isolated and stained for immunophenotyping via flow cytometry at 24, 48, and 72 hours post-vaccination. At 48 hours post-vaccination, we have observed an expansion of CD69+, CD103+, and CD69+CD103+ lymphocytes within the lung of vaccinated mice. Studies are underway to determine the phenotype and function of lung-resident lymphocyte subsets and their expansion capacity at three months after BCG vaccination and Mtb infection.
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Thandi RS, Radhakrishnan RK, Tripathi D, Paidipally P, Vankayalapati R. Ornithine-A urea cycle metabolite enhances autophagy and controls Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.85.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are the first cells encountered by TB pathogen and serve as the primary defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in the lungs. Studies have shown that liver macrophages (Kupffer cells; KCs) can control Mtb growth but, it is not clear how KCs completely eliminate mycobacterial infections. Thus, identification of these mechanisms will facilitate the development of immunomodulatory strategies to boost AM-mediated immunity to Mtb. In the current study, we compared Mtb growth in murine AMs, peritoneal (PMs), liver macrophages (Kupffer cells; KCs) and bone marrow-derived monocytes (BDMs). KCs restricted Mtb growth more efficiently than all other macrophages and monocytes despite equivalent infections. Differences in Mtb growth restriction were not due to differences in cytokine production, expression of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4, M1/M2 paradigm or apoptosis. We provide evidence that the enhanced autophagy efficiently restricts Mtb growth in KCs using flow cytometry, western blot, RT-PCR and confocal microscopy. A metabolomic comparison of Mtb-infected macrophages by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry indicated that ornithine (VIP=1.8) and imidazole (VIP=1.6) were two top-scoring metabolites found in Mtb-infected KCs and that acetylcholine was top-scoring in Mtb-infected AMs. Ornithine and imidazole inhibited Mtb growth in AMs by enhancing AMPK mediated autophagy whereas imidazole directly killed Mtb by reducing cytochrome P450 activity. Intranasal delivery of ornithine or imidazole or together restricted Mtb growth in Mtb-infected mouse lungs. Our study demonstrates that the metabolic differences in Mtb-infected AMs and KCs leads to differences in the restriction of Mtb growth.
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Radhakrishnan RK, Thandi RS, Tripathi D, Paidipally P, McAllister M, Mulik S, Samten B, Vankayalapati R. BCG vaccination reduces the mortality of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice through the induction of CXCR3+ T-regulatory cells. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.85.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Diabetes is a significant risk factor for the development of active tuberculosis. In this study, we used mouse model of Streptozotocin/Nicotinamide (STZ/NA) induced non-obese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to determine the effect of prior BCG vaccination on survival and immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. We found that at 6–7 months post-Mtb infection, 90% of the Mtb-infected T2DM mice died, whereas only 50% of BCG-vaccinated T2DM-Mtb-infected mice died. Moreover, 40% of the PBS-treated uninfected T2DM mice and 30% of the uninfected BCG-vaccinated T2DM mice died, whereas all uninfected and infected nondiabetic mice survived. BCG vaccination was less effective in reducing the lung bacterial burden of Mtb infected T2DM mice compared to Mtb-infected non-diabetic mice, however it reduced immunopathology of lung tissues. Further, we found increased survival of BCG vaccinated Mtb infected T2DM mice is associated with 2-fold expansion of IL-13 producing CXCR3+ T-regulatory cells as measured by flow cytometry, qRT-PCR and confocal microscopy. We also found that prior BCG vaccination restored the immunosuppressive function of T-regulatory cells of Mtb-infected T2DM mice and reduced inflammation. IL-13 producing T-regulatory cells of BCG vaccinated Mtb-infected T2DM mice converted proinflammatory M1 macrophages (iNOS) to anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage (Arg1) phenotype to suppress the inflammation. In contrast, anti-IL-13R antibody inhibited the conversion of macrophages from M1 to the M2 phenotype and enhanced the inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) production. Our findings suggest a novel role for BCG in preventing excessive inflammation and mortality in T2DM mice infected with Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sachin Mulik
- 1The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler
| | - Buka Samten
- 1The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler
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Paidipally P, Thandi RS, Radhakrishnan RK, McAllister MK, Samten B, Vankayalapati R, Tripathi D. A rho GDP dissociation inhibitor produced by a subset of T-regulatory cells enhances mitophagy in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infected human macrophages. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.149.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Previously, we found that a Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor (D4GDI), produced by apoptotic T regulatory cells inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) growth in human macrophages through reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated IL-1β production. Mitochondria is an important source of ROS and critical for antibacterial properties. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of D4GDI on mitochondrial homeostasis and anti-microbial scheme during Mtb infection. Recombinant D4GDI (rD4GDI) treatment of Mtb infected human macrophages enhanced the accumulation of LC3B protein on the mitochondria and triggered mitophagy. rD4GDI treatment significantly enhanced the expression of a mitophagy receptor BCL2 and adenovirus E1B 19-kDa-interacting protein 3-like (BNIP3L). BNIP3L siRNA inhibited rD4GDI dependent accumulation of LC3B protein on the mitochondria and enhanced Mtb growth in human macrophages. Further we found that rD4GDI treatment of Mtb infected macrophages induces the expression of antimicrobial peptide phospholipase family protein phospholipase A2 group VII (PLA2G7). Further studies are underway to determine the interactions between BNIP3L, PLA2G7 and mitophagy in rD4GDI treated macrophages to inhibit Mtb growth in human macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Buka Samten
- 1The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler
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25
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Radhakrishnan RK, Thandi RS, Tripathi D, Paidipally P, McAllister MK, Mulik S, Samten B, Vankayalapati R. BCG vaccination reduces the mortality of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected type 2 diabetes mellitus mice. JCI Insight 2020; 5:133788. [PMID: 32161191 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.133788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a significant risk factor for the development of active tuberculosis. In this study, we used a mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to determine the effect of prior Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination on immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. We found that, at 6-7 months after Mtb infection, 90% of the Mtb-infected T2DM mice died, whereas only 50% of BCG-vaccinated T2DM-Mtb-infected mice died. Moreover, 40% of the PBS-treated uninfected T2DM mice and 30% of the uninfected BCG-vaccinated T2DM mice died, whereas all uninfected and infected nondiabetic mice survived. BCG vaccination was less effective in reducing the lung bacterial burden of Mtb-infected T2DM mice compared with Mtb-infected nondiabetic mice. BCG vaccination significantly reduced lung inflammation in Mtb-infected T2DM mice compared with that of unvaccinated T2DM mice infected with Mtb. Furthermore, reduced mortality of BCG-vaccinated Mtb-infected T2DM mice is associated with expansion of IL-13-producing CXCR3+ Tregs in the lungs of Mtb-infected T2DM mice. Recombinant IL-13 and Tregs from BCG-vaccinated Mtb-infected T2DM mice converted proinflammatory M1 macrophages to antiinflammatory M2 macrophages. Our findings suggest a potentially novel role for BCG in preventing excess inflammation and mortality in T2DM mice infected with Mtb.
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Waheed S, Noreen S, Tripathi D, Lu DC. Electrothermal transport of third-order fluids regulated by peristaltic pumping. J Biol Phys 2020; 46:45-65. [PMID: 32052248 PMCID: PMC7098401 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-020-09540-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of heat and electroosmotic characteristics in the flow of a third-order fluid regulated by peristaltic pumping is examined by using governing equations, i.e., the continuity equation, momentum equation, energy equation, and concentration equation. The wavelength is considered long compared to its height and a low Reynolds number is assumed. The velocity slip condition is employed. Analytical solutions are performed through the perturbation technique. The expressions for the dimensionless velocity components, temperature, concentration, and heat transfer rate are obtained. Pumping features were computed numerically for discussion of results. Trapping and heat transfer coefficient distributions were also studied graphically. The findings of the present study can be applied to design biomicrofluidic devices like tumor-on-a-chip and organ-on-a-chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Waheed
- Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - S Noreen
- Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan.
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - D Tripathi
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, Uttarakhand, 246174, India
| | - D C Lu
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
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Tripathi D, Radhakrishnan RK, Sivangala Thandi R, Paidipally P, Devalraju KP, Neela VSK, McAllister MK, Samten B, Valluri VL, Vankayalapati R. IL-22 produced by type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) reduces the mortality of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1008140. [PMID: 31809521 PMCID: PMC6919622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we found that pathological immune responses enhance the mortality rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-infected mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In the current study, we evaluated the role of the cytokine IL-22 (known to play a protective role in bacterial infections) and type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) in regulating inflammation and mortality in Mtb-infected T2DM mice. IL-22 levels were significantly lower in Mtb-infected T2DM mice than in nondiabetic Mtb-infected mice. Similarly, serum IL-22 levels were significantly lower in tuberculosis (TB) patients with T2DM than in TB patients without T2DM. ILC3s were an important source of IL-22 in mice infected with Mtb, and recombinant IL-22 treatment or adoptive transfer of ILC3s prolonged the survival of Mtb-infected T2DM mice. Recombinant IL-22 treatment reduced serum insulin levels and improved lipid metabolism. Recombinant IL-22 treatment or ILC3 transfer prevented neutrophil accumulation near alveoli, inhibited neutrophil elastase 2 (ELA2) production and prevented epithelial cell damage, identifying a novel mechanism for IL-22 and ILC3-mediated inhibition of inflammation in T2DM mice infected with an intracellular pathogen. Our findings suggest that the IL-22 pathway may be a novel target for therapeutic intervention in T2DM patients with active TB disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Tripathi
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, TX, United States of America
| | - Rajesh Kumar Radhakrishnan
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, TX, United States of America
| | - Ramya Sivangala Thandi
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, TX, United States of America
| | - Padmaja Paidipally
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, TX, United States of America
| | - Kamakshi Prudhula Devalraju
- Immunology and Molecular Biology Department, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Venkata Sanjeev Kumar Neela
- Immunology and Molecular Biology Department, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Madeline Kay McAllister
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, TX, United States of America
| | - Buka Samten
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, TX, United States of America
| | - Vijaya Lakshmi Valluri
- Immunology and Molecular Biology Department, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ramakrishna Vankayalapati
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, TX, United States of America
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Das A, George B, Ranebennur V, Parthasarathy MR, Shreenivas GS, Todankar P, Shrivastav A, Reddy AK, Akolo C, Cassell M, Mane S, Tripathi D, Baishya J. Getting to the First 90: Incentivized Peer Mobilizers Promote HIV Testing Services to Men Who Have Sex With Men Using Social Media in Mumbai, India. Glob Health Sci Pract 2019; 7:469-477. [PMID: 31558601 PMCID: PMC6816816 DOI: 10.9745/ghsp-d-19-00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies of Indian men who have sex with men (MSM) have shown widespread use of social media for seeking sex partners. We piloted a peer mobilization approach to explore the feasibility of engaging previously unreached MSM online to link them to HIV testing services (HTS). MSM were encouraged to seek HTS through messages posted on a popular dating website. Those who visited the designated HTS site and tested for HIV were recruited as peer mobilizers and given coupons with unique identifying codes to distribute to other men in their virtual networks. If a network member presented at the site with a coupon and tested for HIV, the peer mobilizer was given a small monetary incentive. Network members presenting at the testing site were also recruited as peer mobilizers and given coupons. In a 6-month period, 247 MSM were recruited and tested for HIV and syphilis, of whom 244 (99%) were first-time testers. Two-thirds were less than 25 years old and about half reported inconsistent or no condom use during the last 10 anal sex acts. Eight individuals (3.2%) tested positive for HIV, and 22 (8.9%) had a high titer for syphilis; all were referred to tertiary hospitals for treatment. Our approach was modestly successful in reaching and providing HTS to previously unreached MSM, but challenges included lower-than-expected recruitment, individuals not returning for posttest counseling, and loss to follow-up of individuals with HIV. The next phase of peer mobilization will aim to scale up these services through government-supported targeted interventions for this subpopulation of primarily young, unreached MSM at high risk. The challenges will be addressed by targeting more dating sites, increasing access to testing using rapid HIV tests at several community-based facilities, and offering peer navigation support for people living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Das
- FHI 360, New Delhi, India. Now an independent consultant.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiban Baishya
- United States Agency for International Development, New Delhi, India
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Kumar L, Yadav G, Kishore V, Bhushan M, Gairola M, Tripathi D. Validation of the RapidArc Delivery System Using a Volumetric Phantom as Per Task Group Report 119 of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine. J Med Phys 2019; 44:126-134. [PMID: 31359931 PMCID: PMC6580814 DOI: 10.4103/jmp.jmp_118_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study validated the RapidArc (RA) delivery using a volumetric ArcCHECK phantom as per the guidelines proposed in Task Group Report 119 from the American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task group 119 (AAPM TG 119). This study also investigated the impact of the Acuros XB (AXB) algorithm in comparison to analytical anisotropic algorithm (AAA) on the RA dose calculations in the homogeneous medium of the ArcCHECK phantom. Materials and Methods A volumetric ArcCHECK phantom along with AAPM TG 119 tests was used to evaluate the RA plans and verify the dose delivery for photon beam of 6 MV energy. Results The RA planning results were comparable and satisfied the planning criteria stated in the TG 119 report for all test cases. The average percentage gamma passing rates for the AAA-calculated plans were 98.5 (standard deviation [SD]: 0.6), 98.5 (SD: 1.3), and 98.1 (SD: 2.0) and for the AXB-calculated plans were 95.1 (SD: 1.8), 96.1 (SD: 1.3), and 94.0 (SD: 0.9) for the Clinac-iX (6 MV) and TrueBeam (TB)-STx (6 MV_filtered beam [FB] and 6 MV_flattening filter-free beam [FFFB]), respectively. For ion chamber measurements, the average percentage dose differences for the AAA-calculated plans were 1.5 (SD: 2.5), 2.7 (SD: 1.4), and 1.4(SD: 2.7) and for AXB-calculated plans were 2.3 (SD: 1.6), 3.2 (SD: 1.5), and 2.3 (SD: 2.0) for Clinac-iX (6 MV) and TB-STx (6 MV_FB and 6 MV_FFFB), respectively. Conclusion Thus, the ArcCHECK can successfully be utilized for the validation of the RA delivery. The AXB has potential to perform dose calculations comparable to those of the AAA for RA plans in the homogeneous medium of the ArcCHECK phantom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Kumar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Medical Physics, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India.,Department of Applied Science and Humanities, Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Girigesh Yadav
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Medical Physics, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Vimal Kishore
- Department of Applied Science and Humanities, Bundelkhand Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manindra Bhushan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Medical Physics, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India.,Department of Applied Science, Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Munish Gairola
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Medical Physics, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Tripathi
- Department of Applied Science, Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Bhushan M, Yadav G, Tripathi D, Kumar L, Dewan A, Wahi IK, Suhail M, Mitra S, Gairola M. Effect of Photon Energy on Conventional Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy and Rapid Arc Radiotherapy Planning for Deep-Seated Targets in Carcinoma Cervix. Asian Journal of Oncology 2019. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1693523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction To evaluate the dosimetric effect of photon energies on fixed field intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and dual arc (DA) planning and to compare the dosimetric differences between conventional IMRT and DA radiotherapy planning.
Materials and Methods IMRT and DA plans were generated for 15 patients having cervical cancer using different photon energies. IMRT and DA plans were generated using seven fields and double arcs, respectively. Dosimetric comparison was done in terms of planning target volume (PTV) coverage, sparing of organ at risk (OAR), homogeneity index (HI), conformity index (CI), and monitor units (MUs). Photo-neutron (energy ≤10MV) contribution was not considered for this study. Near region (NR) and far region (FR) were contoured to evaluate the dose deposited in nontarget area.
Results No significant difference was observed (p > 0.05) in PTV coverage for conventional IMRT and DA; however, 6 MV yielded significantly better coverage over 15 MV (p < 0.05) for both the treatment modalities. Mean bladder dose was significantly more for conventional IMRT compared with DA. For rectal mean dose, p-value was nonsignificant for IMRT in comparison to DA, while significant difference was observed for change in photon energies for both treatment modalities respectively, except for 10 MV versus 15 MV DA plans. Significant improvements in HI (except 6 MV vs. 10 MV DA), CI (except 6 MV vs. 10 MV IMRT and DA), MUs, NR, and FR were noted.
Conclusion DA generates more conformal, homogenous plans, requires less numbers of MUs, and deposits fewer doses to NR and FR regions of nontarget tissues in comparison to conventional IMRT. Although increase in photon energy for IMRT and DA plans reduces numbers of MUs and dose deposited to NR and FR regions, yet the choice for treatment of carcinoma cervix remains 6 MV due to production of photo-neutrons at higher energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manindra Bhushan
- Division of Medical Physics and Department of Radiation Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
- Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University (AUUP), Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Girigesh Yadav
- Division of Medical Physics and Department of Radiation Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Tripathi
- Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University (AUUP), Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Division of Medical Physics and Department of Radiation Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
- Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhinav Dewan
- Division of Medical Physics and Department of Radiation Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Inderjit Kaur Wahi
- Division of Medical Physics and Department of Radiation Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Mahamood Suhail
- Division of Medical Physics and Department of Radiation Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Swarupa Mitra
- Division of Medical Physics and Department of Radiation Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Munish Gairola
- Division of Medical Physics and Department of Radiation Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
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Siau K, Chapman W, Sharma N, Tripathi D, Iqbal T, Bhala N. Management of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding: an update for the general physician. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2019; 47:218-230. [PMID: 29465096 DOI: 10.4997/jrcpe.2017.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute upper gastrointestinal bleed (AUGIB) is one of the most common medical emergencies in the UK, with roughly one presentation every 6 min. Despite advances in therapeutics and endoscopy provision, mortality following AUGIB over the last two decades has remained high, with over 9,000 deaths annually in the UK; consequently, several national bodies have published UK-relevant guidelines. Despite this, the 2015 UK National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death in AUGIB highlighted variations in practice, raised concerns regarding suboptimal patient care and released a series of recommendations. This review paper incorporates the latest available evidence and UK-relevant guidelines to summarise the optimal pre-endoscopic, endoscopic, and post-endoscopic approach to and management of non-variceal and variceal AUGIB that will be of practical value to both general physicians and gastroenterologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Siau
- N Bhala, Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital, Birmingham, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK.
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Paidipally P, Tripathi D, Van A, Radhakrishnan RK, Dhiman R, Venkatasubramanian S, Devalraju KP, Tvinnereim AR, Valluri VL, Vankayalapati R. Interleukin-21 Regulates Natural Killer Cell Responses During Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. J Infect Dis 2019; 217:1323-1333. [PMID: 29390153 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the current study, we determined the effects of interleukin (IL)-21 on human natural killer (NK) cells and monocyte responses during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Methods We found that Mtb stimulated CD4+ and NK T cells from healthy individuals with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI+) are major sources of IL-21. CD4+ cells from tuberculosis patients secreted less IL-21 than did CD4+ cells from healthy LTBI+ individuals. Interleukin-21 had no direct effect on Mtb-stimulated monocytes. Results Interleukin-21-activated NK cells produced interferon (IFN)-γ, perforin, granzyme B, and granulysin; lysed Mtb-infected monocytes; and reduced Mtb growth. Interleukin-21-activated NK cells also enhanced IL-1β, IL-18, and CCL4/macrophage-inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β production and reduced IL-10 production by Mtb-stimulated monocytes. Recombinant IL-21 (1) inhibited Mtb growth, (2) enhanced IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-18, and MIP-1β, and (3) reduced IL-10 expression in the lungs of Mtb-infected Rag2 knockout mice. Conclusions These findings suggest that activated T cells enhance NK cell responses to lyse Mtb-infected human monocytes and restrict Mtb growth in monocytes through IL-21 production. Interleukin-21-activated NK cells also enhance the immune response by augmenting IL-1β, IL-18, and MIP-1β production and reducing IL-10 production by monocytes in response to an intracellular pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmaja Paidipally
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler
| | - Deepak Tripathi
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler
| | - Abhinav Van
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler
| | - Rajesh Kumar Radhakrishnan
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler
| | - Rohan Dhiman
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler
| | | | | | - Amy R Tvinnereim
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler
| | | | - Ramakrishna Vankayalapati
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler
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Tripathi D, Radhakrishnan RK, Thandi RS, Paidipally P, Devalraju KP, Neela VSK, Tvinnereim AR, Valluri VL, Vankayalapati R. IL-22 reduces the mortality of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The Journal of Immunology 2019. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.181.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
IL-22 play an important role in protective immune responses against bacterial infections including Mtb and maintains homeostasis by regulating excess inflammation. IL-22 can also regulate glucose homeostasis, suggesting IL-22 pathway as a novel target for therapeutic intervention. Previously, we developed a mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and found that pathological immune response enhances mortality of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infected T2DM mice. In the current study, we determined the role of IL-22 during Mtb infection in T2DM mice. We found innate lymphoid 3 cells (ILC3) are the major source for IL-22 and IL- 22 production was significantly reduced in the lungs and serum of T2DM mice infected with Mtb. Recombinant IL- 22 or adoptive transfer of ILC3 cells prolonged the survival of Mtb infected T2DM mice. Recombinant IL-22 prevented neutrophil accumulation near alveoli, reduced the serum insulin level and improved the lipid metabolism. Recombinant IL-22 also prevented neutrophil-mediated epithelial cell damage by inhibiting elastase production by neutrophils. Further, we found serum IL-22 levels were significantly less in tuberculosis (TB) patients with T2DM compared to TB patients without T2DM. Our findings suggest that IL-22 produced by ILC3 cells is essential to inhibit excess inflammation, epithelial cell damage in T2DM mice infected with Mtb.
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Radhakrishnan RK, Tripathi D, Thandi RS, Paidipally P, Vankayalapati R. Prior Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination ameliorates the pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes mellitus mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The Journal of Immunology 2019. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.66.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Previously, we found experimentally induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice are highly susceptible to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. In the present study, we determined whether prior BCG vaccination has any effect on the susceptibility of T2DM mice infected with Mtb. C57BL/6 mice were vaccinated with BCG or treated with PBS, three months later some mice were induced with T2DM and after another month fifty percent of all groups of mice were challenged with Mtb. All Mtb infected T2DM mice and 40% of uninfected T2DM mice died within 10 months. In contrast, only 40% of Mtb infected BCG vaccinated T2DM mice and 20% of uninfected BCG vaccinated T2DM mice died. Lung bacterial burden was significantly less in Mtb infected BCG vaccinated T2DM mice compared to PBS treated Mtb infected mice. Pro and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels were significantly high in the lungs of Mtb infected BCG vaccinated T2DM mice compared to all other groups of vaccinated and PBS treated mice infected with Mtb. Our findings suggest that prior BCG vaccination protects Mtb infected mice from T2DM induced pathogenesis. Studies are underway to determine the BCG induced mechanism/s those protect T2DM mice challenged with Mtb.
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Thandi RS, Tripathi D, Radhakrishnan RK, Paidipally P, Vankayalapati R. Liver macrophages controls Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth by enhancing autophagy. The Journal of Immunology 2019. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.66.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages are the first cells to come in contact with TB pathogen in lung, but unable to eliminate Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) completely and serves as niche. In the current study, we compared M. tb growth and cytokine production by murine alveolar and liver macrophages. We found three-fold higher CFU in alveolar macrophages compared to liver macrophages (5 ± 1.7 × 106 vs. 1.776 ± 0.5 ×106 CFU) indicating that liver macrophages are more efficient in inhibiting M. tb growth. In contrast, M. tb H37Rv infected alveolar and liver macrophages produced equal amounts of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10 & IL-1β. There is no significant difference in the apoptosis and M1/M2 paradigm of M. tb infected alveolar and liver macrophages. Flow cytometry analysis revealed the percentage of LC-3B+ M. tb infected liver macrophages were two-fold higher compared to percentage of LC-3B+ M. tb infected alveolar macrophage. This was confirmed by real time PCR. We also noted distinctly enhanced LC-3B puncta formation in infected liver macrophages as examined by confocal microscopy. We found significantly enhanced M. tb CFU in liver macrophages transfected with LC-3B, ATG-5, ATG-7 and Beclin-1 siRNA compared to liver macrophages transfected with control siRNA (p<0.01; 0.006; 0.01&0.002) respectively. Our results suggest that autophagy is involved in better restriction of M. tb growth by liver macrophages. Studies are underway to compare metabolic changes of control and M. tb H37Rv infected alveolar and liver macrophages and in vivo relevance to our current findings using mouse model of M. tb infection.
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Bhushan M, Yadav G, Tripathi D, Kumar L, Dewan A, Wahi IK, Suhail M, Mitra S, Gairola M. Erratum: Effect of Photon Energy on Conventional Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy and Rapid Arc Radiotherapy Planning for Deep-Seated Targets in Carcinoma Cervix. Asian Journal of Oncology 2019. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1696062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manindra Bhushan
- Division of Medical Physics and Department of Radiation Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
- Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University (AUUP), Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Girigesh Yadav
- Division of Medical Physics and Department of Radiation Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Tripathi
- Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University (AUUP), Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Division of Medical Physics and Department of Radiation Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
- Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhinav Dewan
- Division of Medical Physics and Department of Radiation Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Inderjit Kaur Wahi
- Division of Medical Physics and Department of Radiation Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Mahamood Suhail
- Division of Medical Physics and Department of Radiation Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Swarupa Mitra
- Division of Medical Physics and Department of Radiation Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Munish Gairola
- Division of Medical Physics and Department of Radiation Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
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Robinson S, Tahir B, Absalom K, Tripathi D, Fisher P, Das T, Lee C, Bates E, Hatton M. P1.17-05 Accelerated Radiotherapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A 12 Year Retrospective Review of Two Dose Fractionation Schedules. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.1038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tripathi D, Welch E, Cheekatla SS, Radhakrishnan RK, Venkatasubramanian S, Paidipally P, Van A, Samten B, Devalraju KP, Neela VSK, Valluri VL, Mason C, Nelson S, Vankayalapati R. Alcohol enhances type 1 interferon-α production and mortality in young mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007174. [PMID: 30071107 PMCID: PMC6072099 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we used a mouse model and human blood samples to determine the effects of chronic alcohol consumption on immune responses during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Alcohol increased the mortality of young mice but not old mice with Mtb infection. CD11b+Ly6G+ cells are the major source of IFN-α in the lungs of Mtb-infected alcohol-fed young mice, and IFN-α enhances macrophage necroptosis in the lungs. Treatment with an anti-IFNAR-1 antibody enhanced the survival of Mtb-infected alcohol-fed young mice. In response to Mtb, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from alcoholic young healthy individuals with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) produced significantly higher amounts of IFN-α than those from non-alcoholic young healthy LTBI+ individuals and alcoholic and non-alcoholic old healthy LTBI+ individuals. Our study demonstrates that alcohol enhances IFN-α production by CD11b+Ly6G+ cells in the lungs of young Mtb-infected mice, which leads to macrophage necroptosis and increased mortality. Our findings also suggest that young alcoholic LTBI+ individuals have a higher risk of developing active TB infection. Chronic alcohol consumption modulates the host immune defense mechanism(s) and makes the host susceptible to various fungal, viral and bacterial infections, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). However, limited information is available about the mechanisms involved in alcohol-mediated host susceptibility to Mtb and other intracellular bacterial infections. In the current study, we fed control and alcohol diets to young and old mice and determined the mortality rates and the immune mechanisms involved in host susceptibility to Mtb infection. We found that alcohol increases the mortality of young mice but not old mice infected with Mtb. The increased mortality in alcohol-fed Mtb-infected young mice was due to IFN-α production by CD11b+Ly6G+ cells. We also found that PBMCs from young alcoholic individuals with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) produced significantly higher amounts of IFN-α than those from young non-alcoholic, old alcoholic and old non-alcoholic LTBI+ individuals. Our findings suggest that young alcoholic LTBI+ individuals have a higher risk of developing active TB infection. Our studies provide the first evidence that chronic alcohol consumption induces IFN-α production in young Mtb-infected mice and increases their mortality rates. Further characterization of CD11b+Ly6G+ cells and delineation of the mechanisms through which alcohol enhances IFN-α production in Ly6G+ cells during Mtb infection will facilitate the development of therapies for alcoholic individuals with latent and active Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Tripathi
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, United States of America
| | - Elwyn Welch
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, United States of America
| | - Satyanarayana Swamy Cheekatla
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rajesh Kumar Radhakrishnan
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sambasivan Venkatasubramanian
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, United States of America
| | - Padmaja Paidipally
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, United States of America
| | - Abhinav Van
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, United States of America
| | - Buka Samten
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Carol Mason
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Steve Nelson
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Ramakrishna Vankayalapati
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, United States of America
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Prakash J, Ramesh K, Tripathi D, Kumar R. Numerical simulation of heat transfer in blood flow altered by electroosmosis through tapered micro-vessels. Microvasc Res 2018; 118:162-172. [PMID: 29596861 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A numerical simulation is presented to study the heat and flow characteristics of blood flow altered by electroosmosis through the tapered micro-vessels. Blood is assumed as non-Newtonian (micropolar) nanofluids. The flow regime is considered as asymmetric diverging (tapered) microchannel for more realistic micro-vessels which is produced by choosing the peristaltic wave train on the walls to have different amplitudes and phase. The Rosseland approximation is employed to model the radiation heat transfer and temperatures of the walls are presumed constants. The mathematical formulation of the present problem is simplified under the long-wavelength, low-Reynolds number and Debye-Hückel linearization approximations. The influence of various dominant physical parameters are discussed for axial velocity, microrotation distribution, thermal temperature distribution and nanoparticle volume fraction field. However, our foremost emphasis is to determine the effects of thermal radiation and coupling number on the axial velocity and microrotation distribution beneath electroosmotic environment. This analysis places a significant observation on the thermal radiation and coupling number which plays an influential role in hearten fluid velocity. This study is encouraged by exploring the nanofluid-dynamics in peristaltic transport as symbolized by heat transport in biological flows and also in novel pharmacodynamics pumps and gastro-intestinal motility enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Prakash
- Department of Mathematics, Agni College of Technology, Thalambur, Chennai 600120, Tamilnadu, India
| | - K Ramesh
- Department of Mathematics, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar 144411, Punjab, India
| | - D Tripathi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Manipal University, Jaipur 303007, Rajasthan, India.
| | - R Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Manipal University, Jaipur 303007, Rajasthan, India
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Tripathi D, Chaudhary S, Singh S. Awareness of stroke and assessment of knowledge of risk factors among stroke survivors in a tertiary care level hospital. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2018.05.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Novitzky-Basso I, Spring F, Anstee D, Tripathi D, Chen F. Erythrocytes from patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms and splanchnic venous thrombosis show greater expression of Lu/BCAM. Int J Lab Hematol 2018; 40:473-477. [PMID: 29756283 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lutheran/BCAM protein (Lu) on the surface of erythrocytes is key for their adhesion to the endothelium, and erythrocytes from individuals with JAK2V617F-mutated myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) have increased endothelial adhesion. Splanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT) is a devastating thrombotic complication of MPN, and frequently, the only diagnostic feature is the JAK2V617F mutation. We sought to examine whether erythrocytes from patients with JAK2V617F mutated SVT (MPN-SVT) exhibited increased Lu expression, thereby supporting a mechanistic contribution to the development of thrombosis. METHODS We report the validation of a novel flow cytometry assay for Lu expression on erythrocytes. We examined the expression of Lu on erythrocytes from a cohort of MPN patients with and without SVT, and healthy controls. Samples were obtained from 20 normal individuals, 22 with MPN (both JAK2V617F-mutated and wild-type) and 8 with JAK2V617F-mutated MPN-SVT. RESULTS Lu expression by erythrocytes from patients with MPN and MPN-SVT is significantly increased compared to erythrocytes from healthy individuals (P < .05), but there was no significant difference between patients with MPN-SVT and MPN. CONCLUSIONS Patients with MPN have increased expression of the red cell Lu/BCAM adhesion molecule. Further work is required to determine the role of the increased Lu/BCAM adhesion to the endothelium in the development of thrombosis in MPN of all genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Novitzky-Basso
- Scottish Blood and Marrow Transplant Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - F Spring
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Filton, Bristol, UK
| | - D Anstee
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Filton, Bristol, UK
| | - D Tripathi
- Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Rare Disease, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - F Chen
- Centre for Clinical Haematology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Rare Disease, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,NHS Blood and Transplant, Birmingham, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- D Tripathi
- Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - A J Stanley
- Department of Gastroenterology & Liver disease, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
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Tripathi D, Welch E, Cheekatla SS, Radhakrishnan RK, Venkatasubramanian S, Paidipally P, Van A, Tvinnereim AR, Samten B, Devalraju KP, Neela VSK, Valluri VL, Mason C, Nelson S, Vankayalapati R. ALCOHOL ENHANCES TYPE 1 INTERFERON-α AND MORTALITY OF YOUNG MICE INFECTED WITH Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The Journal of Immunology 2018. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.114.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In the current study, we determined the effects of chronic alcohol consumption on the mortality of young and old mice and immune responses during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Eighty percent of Mtb H37Rv infected alcohol-fed young mice died in five months compared to twenty-five percent in Mtb infected alcohol-fed old mice. There is no significant difference in lung bacterial burden of control and alcohol diet fed young and old mice. IFN-α levels were significantly higher in the lungs of Mtb infected alcohol-fed young mice and treatment with anti-IFNAR-1 antibody enhanced their survival. There are significantly higher numbers of CD11b+Ly6G+ neutrophils in the lungs of Mtb infected alcoholic young mice compared to Mtb infected alcohol-fed old mice and Mtb infected control diet-fed young mice. CD11b+Ly6G+ neutrophils are the major source of IFN-α in Mtb-infected alcohol-fed young mice and IFN-α enhanced the expression of RIP-1 and RIP-3 molecules, which are known to be involved in necroptosis. Alcohol-fed old Mtb infected mice and Mtb infected control diet-fed old and young mice expressed low level of IFN-α and RIP-1 and RIP-3 in their lungs. In response to Mtb stimulation, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from young healthy alcoholic individuals with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) produced significantly higher amounts of IFN-α compared to non-alcoholic young, alcoholic and non-alcoholic old healthy LTBI+ individuals. Our findings demonstrate that in Mtb infected young mice, alcohol enhances CD11b+Ly6G+ neutrophil infiltration in lungs and excess IFN-α production by neutrophils causes lung macrophage necroptosis and enhanced mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Tripathi
- 1University of Texas Health Science Center Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - Elwyn Welch
- 2University of Texas Health Science center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | | | | | | | | | - Abhinav Van
- 3University of Texas Health Science center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | | | - Buka Samten
- 3University of Texas Health Science center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | | | | | | | - Carol Mason
- 5Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Steve Nelson
- 5Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
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Radhakrishnan RK, Tripathi D, Thandi RS, Paidipally P, Vankayalapati R. Type 2 diabetes mellitus induces TNFR1 mediated necroptotic cell death of mice alveolar macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The Journal of Immunology 2018. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.173.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Previously, we developed a mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using streptozotocin and nicotinamide and found that T2DM mice are susceptible to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. We also found that alveolar macrophages from T2DM mice were more permissive to Mtb growth ex vivo compared to non-diabetic controls. In the current study, we determined the defective mechanisms that make T2DM mice alveolar macrophages more susceptible to Mtb infection. Mtb infected alveolar macrophages from T2DM mice produced more TNF-α (973.8 ± 13.3 pg/ml vs. 614.6 ± 27.2 pg/ml, p<0.003) and less apoptotic (4.7 ± 1.8% vs. 28.6 ± 2.3%, p<0.001) compared to Mtb infected non-diabetic control mice. Mtb infected alveolar macrophages from T2DM mice expressed higher levels of TNFR1 (12.8 ± 0.5 vs. 2.09 ± 0.01, p<0.001) and markers of necroptosis RIPK1 (11.5 ± 0.57 vs. 2.94 ± 0.20, p<0.002), RIPK3 (16.1 ± 0.58 vs. 2.89 ± 0.2, p<0.001) and MLKL (9.2 ± 0.56 vs. 1.58 ± 0.72, p<0.02) compared to Mtb infected alveolar macrophages from non-diabetic control mice as determined by real-time PCR. This finding was again proved by Western blot and confocal microscopy. Anti-TNFR1 antibody treatment of alveolar macrophages from T2DM mice before or after Mtb infection reduced RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL expression as determined by RT-PCR. Our findings demonstrate that T2DM induces necroptosis of alveolar macrophages upon Mtb infection. Enhanced TNFR1 signaling in T2DM mice alveolar macrophages is responsible for enhanced necroptosis. We are also determining the subpopulations of T2DM mice alveolar macrophages that express higher levels of TNFR1 upon Mtb infection. Studies are underway to determine the in vivo relevance of our current findings to Mtb growth in T2DM mice.
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Thandi RS, Tripathi D, Radhakrishnan RK, Paidipally P, Vankayalapati R. Kupffer cells restricts Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth better than alveolar macrophages. The Journal of Immunology 2018. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.173.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Kupffer cells protect liver from bacterial infections. In the current study, we compared Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) growth and cytokine production by mice kupffer cells and alveolar macrophages. M.tb H37Rv infected kupffer cells and alveolar macrophages produced equal amounts of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10 & IL-1β. In contrast, kupffer cells restricted M.tb growth better than alveolar macrophages (1 ± 0.346×106 CFU vs. 4 ± 0.916×106 CFU, p<0.03). There is no significant difference in the apoptosis of M.tb infected kupffer cells and alveolar macrophages. In contrast, M.tb infected kupffer cells expressed significant higher amounts of autophagy molecules LC-3B, ATG-7, ATG-5 and Beclin-1 (p<0.005, p<0.002, p<0.0032 & p<0.004 respectively) compared to M.tb infected alveolar macrophages as determined by real-time PCR. This was confirmed by Western blot and confocal microscopy. Our results suggest autophagy is involved in better restriction of M.tb growth by kupffer cells. Prime PCR analysis for 35 intracelluar signaling molecules those are involved in autophagy as well as in cytoskeleton indicated that M.tb infected kupffer cells significantly express higher levels of VASP (Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein), RhoA (Ras homolog gene family member A) and Arp3 (Actin–related protein 3) genes (two fold, p<0.01, p<0.02&p<0.02 respectively) compared to M.tb infected alveolar macrophages. Studies are underway 1. To confirm whether autophagy is involved in better restriction of M.tb growth in kupffer cells. 2. Determine the role of cytoskeleton proteins those are involved in enhanced autophagy and M.tb growth inhibition in kupffer cells. 3. Determining in vivo relevance to our current findings using mouse model of M.tb infection.
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Ranjit N, Shit G, Tripathi D. Joule heating and zeta potential effects on peristaltic blood flow through porous micro vessels altered by electrohydrodynamic. Microvasc Res 2018; 117:74-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Nayak M, Akbar NS, Tripathi D, Khan Z, Pandey V. MHD 3D free convective flow of nanofluid over an exponentially stretching sheet with chemical reaction. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2017.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Cheekatla SS, Tripathi D, Venkatasubramanian S, Paidipally P, Welch E, Tvinnereim AR, Nurieva R, Vankayalapati R. IL-21 Receptor Signaling Is Essential for Optimal CD4 + T Cell Function and Control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in Mice. J Immunol 2017; 199:2815-2822. [PMID: 28855309 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we determined the role of IL-21R signaling in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, using IL-21R knockout (KO) mice. A total of 50% of M. tuberculosis H37Rv-infected IL-21R KO mice died in 6 mo compared with no deaths in infected wild type (WT) mice. M. tuberculosis-infected IL-21R KO mice had enhanced bacterial burden and reduced infiltration of Ag-specific T cells in lungs compared with M. tuberculosis-infected WT mice. Ag-specific T cells from the lungs of M. tuberculosis-infected IL-21R KO mice had increased expression of T cell inhibitory receptors, reduced expression of chemokine receptors, proliferated less, and produced less IFN- γ, compared with Ag-specific T cells from the lungs of M. tuberculosis-infected WT mice. T cells from M. tuberculosis-infected IL-21R KO mice were unable to induce optimal macrophage responses to M. tuberculosis. This may be due to a decrease in the Ag-specific T cell population. We also found that IL-21R signaling is associated with reduced expression of a transcriptional factor Eomesodermin and enhanced functional capacity of Ag-specific T cells of M. tuberculosis-infected mice. The sum of our findings suggests that IL-21R signaling is essential for the optimal control of M. tuberculosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyanarayana Swamy Cheekatla
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708; and
| | - Deepak Tripathi
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708; and
| | - Sambasivan Venkatasubramanian
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708; and
| | - Padmaja Paidipally
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708; and
| | - Elwyn Welch
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708; and
| | - Amy R Tvinnereim
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708; and
| | - Roza Nurieva
- Department of Immunology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Ramakrishna Vankayalapati
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708; and
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Venkatasubramanian S, Cheekatla S, Paidipally P, Tripathi D, Welch E, Tvinnereim AR, Nurieva R, Vankayalapati R. IL-21-dependent expansion of memory-like NK cells enhances protective immune responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:1031-1042. [PMID: 27924822 PMCID: PMC5462891 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are traditionally considered as innate cells, but recent studies suggest that NK cells can distinguish antigens, and that memory NK cells expand and protect against viral pathogens. Limited information is available about the mechanisms involved in memory-like NK cell expansion, and their role in bacterial infections and vaccine-induced protective immune responses. In the current study, using a mouse model of tuberculosis (TB) infection, we found that interferon-gamma producing CD3-NKp46+CD27+KLRG1+ memory-like NK cells develop during Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination, expand, and provide protection against challenge with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb). Using antibodies, short interfering RNA and gene-deleted mice, we found that expansion of memory-like NK cells depends on interleukin 21 (IL-21). NKp46+CD27+KLRG1+ NK cells expanded in healthy individuals with latent TB infection in an IL-21-dependent manner. Our study provides first evidence that memory-like NK cells survive long term, expansion depends on IL-21, and involved in vaccine-induced protective immunity against a bacterial pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambasivan Venkatasubramanian
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, 75708, USA
| | - Satyanarayana Cheekatla
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, 75708, USA
| | - Padmaja Paidipally
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, 75708, USA
| | - Deepak Tripathi
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, 75708, USA
| | - Elwyn Welch
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, 75708, USA
| | - Amy R. Tvinnereim
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, 75708, USA
| | - Roza Nurieva
- Department of Immunology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Ramakrishna Vankayalapati
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, 75708, USA
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