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Zhen L, Sun Y, Gao J. Interleukin 4 gene polymorphisms and the risk of tuberculosis: A meta-analysis. Cytokine 2023; 169:156282. [PMID: 37364407 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is implicated in the progression of tuberculosis (TB); however, these results remain controversial. OBJECTIVES This meta-analysis examined the relationship between IL and 4 polymorphisms (-589C/T, +4221C > A, and -33C/T) and the risk of TB. METHODS A retrospective database analysis was conducted using the CNKI and PubMed databases. Using fixed- and random-effects models, we calculated the combined odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS We identified 14 articles related to this topic, and theresultsshowed that the IL-4 -589C/T polymorphism didnotinfluencethe risk of TB. However,in subgroupanalyses we found that the IL-4 -589C/T polymorphism was associated with the risk of TB inCaucasians (recessive modelOR = 2.54, 95% CI = 1.30-4.96). In our study, the IL-4--33C/T polymorphism was not associated with the risk of TB. The IL-4 + 4221C > A polymorphism was associated with the risk of TB (recessive model: OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.07-1.83). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis showed that the IL-4 -589C/T polymorphism was associated with TB risk in Caucasian populations, and the IL-4 + 4221C > A polymorphism is associated with TB risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Zhen
- Department of Tuberculosis, Affiliated Hangzhou Chest Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yaping Sun
- Department of Tuberculosis, Affiliated Hangzhou Chest Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Juwei Gao
- Department of Oncology,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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Immune Correlates of Disseminated BCG Infection in IL12RB1-Deficient Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071147. [PMID: 35891311 PMCID: PMC9316795 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-12 receptor β1 (IL12RB1)-deficient individuals show increased susceptibilities to local or disseminated BCG infection and environmental mycobacteria infection. However, the low clinical penetrance of IL12RB1 deficiency and low recurrence rate of mycobacteria infection suggest that protective immunity still exists in this population. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of tuberculosis suppression using the IL12RB1-deficient mouse model. Our results manifested that Il12rb1−/− mice had significantly increased CFU counts in spleens and lungs, especially when BCG (Danish strain) was inoculated subcutaneously. The innate TNF-a and IFN-γ responses decreased, while the IL-17 responses increased significantly in the lungs of Il12rb1−/− mice. We also found that PPD-specific IFN-γ release was impaired in Il12rb1−/− mice, but the specific TNF-a release was not compromised, and the antibody responses were significantly enhanced. Moreover, correlation analyses revealed that both the innate and PPD-specific IFN-γ responses positively correlated with CFU counts, whereas the innate IL-12a levels negatively correlated with CFU counts in Il12rb1−/− mice lungs. Collectively, these findings proved that the adaptive immunities against mycobacteria are not completely nullified in Il12rb1−/− mice. Additionally, our results imply that IFN-γ responses alone might not be able to contain BCGitis in the setting of IL12RB1 deficiency.
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Dhiman NS, Saini V, Kumar V. Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms of interferon-γ with pulmonary tuberculosis in population of Himachal Pradesh, India. Gene 2022; 823:146392. [PMID: 35248660 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) plays an integral role in the host immunity against tuberculosis (TB). The gene encoding IFN-γ is polymorphic and several studies have reported the association of its genetic polymorphisms with TB in different populations of the world. The present study investigated the association of rs2069705 (C/T), rs1861494 (C/T), rs1861493 (A/G) and rs2069718 (C/T) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IFN-γ with pulmonary TB in a population of Himachal Pradesh, India. For present study, 210 pulmonary TB patients and 205 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. The selected SNPs of IFN-γ were genotyped by amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) and plasma IFN-γ levels were measured by ELISA. The 'T' allele of rs1861494 SNP was found to increase susceptibility to TB in the studied population (OR = 2.18, 95%CI = 1.57-3.03; p < 0.001). After stratifying the subjects on basis of sex, males with 'T' allele of rs2069718 SNP were found to be at higher risk to TB (OR = 1.55, 95%CI = 1.07-2.25; p = 0.02). We also found moderate linkage disequilibrium among the studied SNPs. The haplotypes C-T-A-T and T-T-G-T of rs2069705-rs1861494-rs1861493-rs2069718 were overrepresented in TB patients and found to increase susceptibility to TB (p = 0.012). The plasma IFN-γ levels in TB patients were around seven times higher in comparison to HCs (p < 0.0001). The HCs with genotype 'AA' of SNP rs1861493 were found with higher plasma IFN-γ levels than 'AG/GG' genotype (p = 0.023). In conclusion, the results suggest the association of rs1861494 (C/T) and rs2069718 (C/T) SNPs of IFN-γ with TB and genotype 'AA' of rs1861493 is associated with higher plasma IFN-γ levels in the population of Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Varinder Saini
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Government Medical College and Hospital, Sector-32, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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Varshney D, Singh S, Sinha E, Mohanty KK, Kumar S, Kumar Barik S, Patil SA, Katara P. Systematic review and meta-analysis of human Toll-like receptors genetic polymorphisms for susceptibility to tuberculosis infection. Cytokine 2022; 152:155791. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Ji G, Zhang M, Liu Q, Wu S, Wang Y, Chen G, Sandford AJ, He JQ. Functional Polymorphism in the NFE2L2 Gene Associated With Tuberculosis Susceptibility. Front Immunol 2021; 12:660384. [PMID: 34108963 PMCID: PMC8181729 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.660384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nuclear transcription factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2), encoded by NFE2L2, functions as a key transcription factor and regulates expression of antioxidant genes. Our study aimed to investigate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms of NFE2L2 with tuberculosis (TB) and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and the underlying causal mechanisms. Methods 1950 unrelated Chinese Han participants were included in our two independent study groups. Five tag polymorphisms were selected and genotyped. The functional effects of the rs13005431 polymorphism were confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assays and mRNA level comparisons. Results Rs13005431_C and rs2364723_G were associated with increased TB susceptibility (P = 0.010 and P = 0.041) after adjustment for confounding factors. rs6726395_A was associated with increased risk of active TB (P=0.035) in a comparison with the LTBI group. The frequency of haplotype rs1049751- rs13005431 AC was higher in the TB group (P =0.013), while frequency of haplotype AT was higher in the healthy control group (P =0.025). The luciferase activity of a plasmid with the rs13005431C-promoter was significantly lower than that of the rs13005431T-promoter. In addition, neutrophils with the CC/TC genotypes which were activated by GM-CSF showed a decreased level of NFE2L2 mRNA when compared with the rs13005431 TT genotype. Conclusions Our study suggests that allele C of rs13005431 might increase the susceptibility to TB by down-regulating the transcriptional activity of NFE2L2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyi Ji
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Health Management Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Chengdu Municipal First People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Shouquan Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guo Chen
- Division of Geriatrics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Andrew J Sandford
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jian-Qing He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Association of IL-4 rs2243250 polymorphism with susceptibility to tuberculosis: A meta-analysis involving 6794 subjects. Microb Pathog 2021; 158:104959. [PMID: 34022353 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-4 (lL-4) is a critical negative cytokine in tuberculosis (TB) immune process, acting through modulating macrophages activation and Th1/Th2 balance. rs2243250 has been demonstrated to be associated with enhanced promoter strength in IL-4 expression. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the association between IL-4 rs2243250 polymorphism and TB risk. METHODS We identified relevant studies by a comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases, published up to February 10, 2021. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and its 95% confidential intervals (95%CIs) were used to evaluate the associations under five genetic models. All statistical analyses were conducted with STATA 12.0 software. RESULTS Totally 11 qualified studies involving 3097 TB cases and 3697 controls were enrolled in this meta-analysis. Overall, we didn't detect any significant association between IL-4 rs2243250 polymorphism and TB risk (T vs. C: OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.85-1.30, p = 0; 65; TT + TC vs. CC: OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.73-1.50, p = 0.81; TT vs. TC + CC: OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.81-1.50, p = 0.54; TT vs. CC: OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.71-1.94, p = 0.54; TC vs. CC: OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.73-1.45, p = 0.88). Significant heterogeneity was identified in analyses under all genetic models. However, in the subgroup of European population, the recessive model provided an OR of 2.54 (1.30-4.96), with no significant between-study heterogeneity. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our meta-analysis indicated that IL-4 rs2243250 may increase TB risk in European population in recessive genetic model. Further research is needed to clarify the cause of ethnic difference in genetic association study.
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Ma J, Zhao S, Gao X, Wang R, Liu J, Zhou X, Zhou Y. The Roles of Inflammasomes in Host Defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10020120. [PMID: 33503864 PMCID: PMC7911501 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection is characterized by granulomatous lung lesions and systemic inflammatory responses during active disease. Inflammasome activation is involved in regulation of inflammation. Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes serving a platform for activation of caspase-1, which cleaves the proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 into their active forms. These cytokines play an essential role in MTB control. MTB infection triggers activation of the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-repeat containing family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) and absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasomes in vitro, but only AIM2 and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-activation recruitment domain (ASC), rather than NLRP3 or caspase-1, favor host survival and restriction of mycobacterial replication in vivo. Interferons (IFNs) inhibits MTB-induced inflammasome activation and IL-1 signaling. In this review, we focus on activation and regulation of the NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes after exposure to MTB, as well as the effect of inflammasome activation on host defense against the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (J.M.); (S.Z.); (X.G.); (R.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Shasha Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (J.M.); (S.Z.); (X.G.); (R.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Xiao Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (J.M.); (S.Z.); (X.G.); (R.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (J.M.); (S.Z.); (X.G.); (R.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Juan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (J.M.); (S.Z.); (X.G.); (R.W.); (J.L.)
- Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Xiangmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Yang Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (J.M.); (S.Z.); (X.G.); (R.W.); (J.L.)
- Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
- Correspondence:
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Heidari Z, Moudi B, Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb H. Interferon gamma gene polymorphisms and chronic hepatitis B infections in an Iranian population. THE TURKISH JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF TURKISH SOCIETY OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2020; 31:515-521. [PMID: 32897225 PMCID: PMC7480198 DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2020.181024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chronic hepatitis B is an important health problem in all countries. I Interferon gamma is a pro-inflammatory Th1 cytokines, which can exert antiproliferative and antitumor activity. Some SNPs in IFN-γ and IFN-γR1 genes may influence the susceptibility to HBV. Here, we evaluated the impact of interferon gamma (+874 T/A) and its receptor (-611A/G, +189G/C and +95C/T) polymorphisms and the risk of HBV in Iranian patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS SNPs of interferon gamma and its receptor genotypes were determined in 221 infected patients with HBV and 200 people without HBV using ARMS-PCR and PCR- RFLP method. RESULTS In this study, we showed an obvious relationship between IFN-γ SNPs and susceptibility to chronic HBV. Our findings suggest that IFN-γ-874A allele increases the risk of disease and carriers of the T allele have reduced susceptibility to infection. In addition, there was not any relationship between the -611A/G, +189G/C and +95C/T regions of IFN-γ R1 and HBV. CONCLUSIONS Our observations demonstrate +874 T/A SNP as a predicting factor in patients who have the risk of HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Heidari
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
- Department of Histology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Bita Moudi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
- Department of Histology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
- Department of Histology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Troy A, Esparza-Gonzalez SC, Bartek A, Creissen E, Izzo L, Izzo AA. Pulmonary mucosal immunity mediated through CpG provides adequate protection against pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in the mouse model. A role for type I interferon. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2020; 123:101949. [PMID: 32741537 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2020.101949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) 9 stimulation is required for induction of potent immune responses against pathogen invasion. The use of unmethylated CpG as adjuvants in vaccines provides an excellent means of stimulating adaptive immunity. Our data demonstrate that CpG-C provided prolonged immune responses in the mouse model of tuberculosis when formulated with liposomes and the Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen ESAT-6. A reduction in the mycobacterial burden was best achieved when administered as an intranasal vaccine and was dependent on type I interferon (IFN). There was a significant difference between CpG-C inoculated wild type and IFN-αR1-/- mice, indicating that type I IFN plays a role in the immune response following CpG-C inoculation. Further analysis showed that early NK cell presence was not an absolute requirement, although elevated IFN-γ levels were detected in the lungs of mice within 48 h. The reduction in mycobacterial burden was MyD88-independent as CpG-C inoculated MyD88-/- mice showed comparable mycobacterial burdens to wild type mice with no detriment due to the lack of MyD88. Together our data show that pulmonary stimulation of TLR9 bearing antigen presenting cells resulted in the induction of protective immunity against M. tuberculosis infection that was dependent on type I IFN signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Troy
- Colorado State University, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sandra C Esparza-Gonzalez
- Colorado State University, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Alicia Bartek
- Colorado State University, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Elizabeth Creissen
- Colorado State University, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Linda Izzo
- Colorado State University, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Angelo A Izzo
- Colorado State University, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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Gebremicael G, Kassa D, Alemayehu Y, Gebreegziaxier A, Kassahun Y, van Baarle D, H. M. Ottenhoff T, M. Cliff J, C. Haks M. Gene expression profiles classifying clinical stages of tuberculosis and monitoring treatment responses in Ethiopian HIV-negative and HIV-positive cohorts. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226137. [PMID: 31821366 PMCID: PMC6903757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Validation of previously identified candidate biomarkers and identification of additional candidate gene expression profiles to facilitate diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) disease and monitoring treatment responses in the Ethiopian context is vital for improving TB control in the future. Methods Expression levels of 105 immune-related genes were determined in the blood of 80 HIV-negative study participants composed of 40 active TB cases, 20 latent TB infected individuals with positive tuberculin skin test (TST+), and 20 healthy controls with no Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection (TST-), using focused gene expression profiling by dual-color Reverse-Transcription Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification assay. Gene expression levels were also measured six months after anti-TB treatment (ATT) and follow-up in 38 TB patients. Results The expression of 15 host genes in TB patients could accurately discriminate between TB cases versus both TST+ and TST- controls at baseline and thus holds promise as biomarker signature to classify active TB disease versus latent TB infection in an Ethiopian setting. Interestingly, the expression levels of most genes that markedly discriminated between TB cases versus TST+ or TST- controls did not normalize following completion of ATT therapy at 6 months (except for PTPRCv1, FCGR1A, GZMB, CASP8 and GNLY) but had only fully normalized at the 18 months follow-up time point. Of note, network analysis comparing TB-associated host genes identified in the current HIV-negative TB cohort to TB-associated genes identified in our previously published Ethiopian HIV-positive TB cohort, revealed an over-representation of pattern recognition receptors including TLR2 and TLR4 in the HIV-positive cohort which was not seen in the HIV-negative cohort. Moreover, using ROC cutoff ≥ 0.80, FCGR1A was the only marker with classifying potential between TB infection and TB disease regardless of HIV status. Conclusions Our data indicate that complex gene expression signatures are required to measure blood transcriptomic responses during and after successful ATT to fully diagnose TB disease and characterise drug-induced relapse-free cure, combining genes which resolve completely during the 6-months treatment phase of therapy with genes that only fully return to normal levels during the post-treatment resolution phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gebremedhin Gebremicael
- HIV and TB Diseases Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- TB Centre and Department of Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, England, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Desta Kassa
- HIV and TB Diseases Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yodit Alemayehu
- HIV and TB Diseases Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Atsbeha Gebreegziaxier
- HIV and TB Diseases Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yonas Kassahun
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Debbie van Baarle
- Center for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccins (IIV), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Tom H. M. Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline M. Cliff
- TB Centre and Department of Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Mariëlle C. Haks
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Wu S, Liu X, Wang Y, Zhang M, Wang M, He JQ. Genetic Polymorphisms of IFNG and IFNGR1 with Latent Tuberculosis Infection. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:8410290. [PMID: 31687049 PMCID: PMC6811791 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8410290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies indicated that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of interferon gamma (IFNG) and IFNG receptor 1 (IFNGR1) may be involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in different populations. In order to further explore the results in a Chinese Han population, this study was designed to investigate potential associations between the polymorphisms in IFNG and IFNGR1 and susceptibility to latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and/or PTB in a Chinese Han population. A total of 209 PTB, 173 LTBI, and 183 healthy control subjects (HCS) were enrolled in our study. Genotyping was conducted using an improved multiplex ligase detection reaction (iMLDR). We performed a logistic regression including sex and age as covariates to test the effect of alleles/genotypes on LTBI and/or TB. All six markers studied in IFNG and IFNGR1 conformed to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). The IFNG rs1861494 was significantly associated with LTBI in recessive model, and the CC+CT genotype decreased risk of LTBI by 50% (P = 0.046, OR = 0.50, 95%CI: 0.25-0.99). The IFNGR1 rs2234711 was significantly associated with LTBI, and allele A increased the risk of LTBI by 55% (P = 0.047, OR = 1.55, 95%CI: 1.00-2.40). In the present study, we found that IFNG and IFNGR1 polymorphisms were associated with LTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouquan Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiangmin Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Minggui Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian-Qing He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Gao N, Guo T, Luo H, Tu G, Niu F, Yan M, Xia Y. Association of the MMP-9 polymorphism and ischemic stroke risk in southern Chinese Han population. BMC Neurol 2019; 19:67. [PMID: 30992065 PMCID: PMC6469199 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-019-1285-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stroke is a serious cardiovascular disease and is also the leading cause of long-term disability in developing and developed countries. Because matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is associated with the risk of many cardiovascular diseases, we investigated the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MMP-9 and the risk of Ischemic stroke (IS) in a southern Chinese Han population. Methods This study included 250 stroke patients and 250 healthy controls. Genotyping was performed using the Agena MassARRAY system, and chi-squared tests and genetic models were used to evaluate the associations between MMP-9 SNPs and the risk of IS. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by unconditional logistic regression adjusted for age. Results Polymorphism rs3787268 was associated with increased the risk of IS. Specifically, the genotype “G/A” significantly correlated with IS risk in the co-dominant model [odds ratio (OR) = 1.62; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.10–2.41; p = 0.035)], while genotypes “G/A” and “A/A” may increase the risk of IS based on the dominant model (OR = 1.62; 95% CI = 1.12–2.35; p = 0.0097). This SNP was also significantly associated with IS risk in the log-additive model (OR = 1.33; 95% CI = 1.03–1.70; p = 0.026). Conversely, haplotype “C/G” appears to reduce the risk of IS (OR = 0.71; 95% CI = 0.54–0.95; p = 0.019). Conclusions Our study showed that the rs3787268 locus in the MMP-9 gene may increase risk of IS in a southern Chinese Han population and thus provide insight into the IS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College in Central South University, Haikou, Hainan, 570208, China
| | - Tie Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Han Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College in Central South University, Haikou, Hainan, 570208, China
| | - Guolong Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College in Central South University, Haikou, Hainan, 570208, China
| | - Fanglin Niu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengdan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College in Central South University, Haikou, Hainan, 570208, China.
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13
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Joshi A, Punke EB, Mehmetoglu-Gurbuz T, Peralta DP, Garg H. TLR9 polymorphism correlates with immune activation, CD4 decline and plasma IP10 levels in HIV patients. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:56. [PMID: 30651082 PMCID: PMC6335820 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3697-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanism behind HIV mediated immune activation remains debated, although the role of virus replication in this process is increasingly evident. Toll like Receptor 9 (TLR9) has been implicated in HIV mediated immune activation via sensing of viral CpG DNA. Polymorphisms in the TLR9 gene and promoter region including TLR9 1635A/G and 1486C/T have been found to be associated with multiple infectious diseases and cancers. Methods In the current study, we looked at the correlation of TLR9 polymorphisms 1635A/G and 1486C/T with key hallmarks of HIV disease in a cohort of 50 HIV infected patients. We analyzed CD4 counts, T cell immune activation characterized by upregulation of CD38 and HLA-DR and upregulation of plasma biomarkers of inflammation like LPS, sCD14, IL-6 and IP10 in the HIV patient cohort and compared it to healthy controls. Results We found that TLR9 1635AA genotype was associated with lower CD4 counts and significantly higher immune activation in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Analysis of HIV associated plasma biomarkers including LPS, sCD14, IL-6 and IP10 revealed a strong correlation between IP10 and immune activation. Interestingly, IP10 levels were also found to be higher in HIV patients with the 1635AA genotype. Furthermore, the TLR9 1486C/T polymorphism that is in linkage disequilibrium with 1635A/G was weakly associated with lower CD4 counts, higher CD8 immune activation and higher IP10 levels. Conclusions As TLR9 stimulation is known to induce IP10 production by dendritic cells, our findings provide new insights into HIV mediated immune activation and CD4 loss. TLR9 stimulation by viral CpG DNA may be important to HIV immunopathogenesis and the TLR9 polymorphisms 1635A/G and 1486C/T may be associated with disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Joshi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 5001 El Paso Dr, El Paso, TX, 79905, USA
| | - Erin B Punke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 5001 El Paso Dr, El Paso, TX, 79905, USA
| | - Tugba Mehmetoglu-Gurbuz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 5001 El Paso Dr, El Paso, TX, 79905, USA
| | - Diego P Peralta
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, 79905, USA
| | - Himanshu Garg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 5001 El Paso Dr, El Paso, TX, 79905, USA.
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14
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Wu S, Huang W, Wang D, Wang Y, Wang M, Zhang M, He JQ. Evaluation of TLR2, TLR4, and TOLLIP polymorphisms for their role in tuberculosis susceptibility. APMIS 2018; 126:501-508. [PMID: 29924447 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies indicated that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes coding for toll-like receptors (TLRs) and toll-interacting protein (TOLLIP) may be involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). This study was designed to investigate potential associations between the polymorphisms in TLR2, TLR4, and TOLLIP and susceptibility to latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) or subsequent PTB in a Chinese Han population. A total of 209 PTB and 201 LTBI patients and 204 healthy control subjects (HCS) were enrolled in our study. We performed a logistic regression including sex and age as covariates to test the effect of genotype. Genotyping was conducted using the improved multiplex ligase detection reaction (iMLDR). Eleven markers in TLR2, TLR4, and TOLLIP were assessed. No significant association between polymorphisms of TLR2 and TLR4 with PTB or LTBI was detected. For TOLLIP, rs5743899 (p = 0.005, OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.20-2.80) CC genotype were risk factors for PTB progression. Moreover, rs5743867 under addictive (p = 0.005, OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.14-2.07) and recessive model (p = 0.004, OR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.22-2.83) were also risk factors for PTB susceptibility. Our results indicate that polymorphisms in TOLLIP affected the risk of PTB disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouquan Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Weiwei Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Minggui Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian-Qing He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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15
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Mittal M, Biswas SK, Singh V, Arela N, Katoch VM, Das R, Yadav VS, Bajaj B, Mohanty KK. Association of Toll like receptor 2 and 9 gene variants with pulmonary tuberculosis: exploration in a northern Indian population. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:469-476. [PMID: 29675696 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4182-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease of global importance. There is an increasing recognition of the role of Toll like receptors, important pattern recognition receptors of host immune system, in determining the susceptibility or resistance to TB in various populations. In an attempt to examine the importance of Toll like receptors in immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, we explored two variants each of TLR2 and TLR9 in a population residing in Uttar Pradesh, India. Genotyping was performed to detect -196 to -174 del polymorphism and G2258A SNP (Arg753Gln, rs5743708) in TLR2 gene and -T1237C (rs5743836) and G2848A (rs352140) SNP in TLR9 gene in patients with pulmonary TB and healthy controls. The A allele of G2848A SNP in TLR9 gene was found with a marginally higher frequency among TB patients as compared to healthy controls, suggesting that A allele at position 2848 of TLR9 gene may be associated with susceptibility to TB in North Indian population [p = 0.05, Mantel-Haenszel OR = 1.34, 95% CI (1.0-1.82)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Mittal
- Immunology Division, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Taj Ganj, Agra, 282004, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Biswas
- Immunology Division, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Taj Ganj, Agra, 282004, India
| | - Vandana Singh
- Immunology Division, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Taj Ganj, Agra, 282004, India
| | - Nidhi Arela
- Immunology Division, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Taj Ganj, Agra, 282004, India
| | - Vishwa Mohan Katoch
- Molecular Biology Division, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Agra, 282004, India
- Public Health Research, Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Sector 18, Kumbha Marg, Pratap Nagar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302033, India
| | - Ram Das
- Molecular Biology Division, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Agra, 282004, India
- National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector 8, Dwarka, Delhi, 110077, India
| | - Virendra Singh Yadav
- Biostatistics & Epidemiology Unit, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Agra, 282004, India
| | - Bharat Bajaj
- State TB Demonstration and Training Centre, Agra, 282005, India
| | - Keshar Kunja Mohanty
- Immunology Division, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Taj Ganj, Agra, 282004, India.
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16
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Rolandelli A, Pellegrini JM, Amiano NO, Santilli MC, Morelli MP, Castello FA, Tateosian NL, Levi A, Casco N, Palmero DJ, García VE. The IFNG rs1861494 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Is Associated with Protection against Tuberculosis Disease in Argentina. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E46. [PMID: 29361774 PMCID: PMC5793197 DOI: 10.3390/genes9010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon gamma (IFNG) plays a key role during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, and several polymorphisms located in its gene are associated with risk of tuberculosis in diverse populations. Nevertheless, the genetic resistance/susceptibility to tuberculosis in Argentina is unknown. The IFNG rs1861494 polymorphism (G→A) was reported to alter the binding of transcription factors to this region, influencing IFNG production. Using a case-control study, we found an association between the AA and AG genotypes and tuberculosis resistance (AA vs. GG: odds ratio (OR) = 0.235, p-value = 0.012; AG vs. GG: OR = 0.303, p-value = 0.044; AA vs. AG: OR = 0.776, p-value = 0.427; AA + AG vs. GG: OR = 0.270, p-value = 0.022). Moreover, Mtb-antigen stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors and AA carriers secreted the highest amounts of IFNG in culture supernatants (p-value = 0.034) and presented the greatest percentage of CD4⁺IFNG⁺ lymphocytes (p-value = 0.035), in comparison with GG carriers. No association between the polymorphism and clinical parameters of tuberculosis severity was detected. However, our findings indicate that the rs1861494 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) could be considered as a biomarker of tuberculosis resistance in the Argentinean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Rolandelli
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Pabellón II, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 4°piso, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, 4°piso, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Joaquín M Pellegrini
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Pabellón II, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 4°piso, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, 4°piso, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Nicolás O Amiano
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Pabellón II, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 4°piso, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, 4°piso, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María C Santilli
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Pabellón II, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 4°piso, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María P Morelli
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Pabellón II, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 4°piso, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, 4°piso, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Florencia A Castello
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Pabellón II, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 4°piso, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, 4°piso, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Nancy L Tateosian
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Pabellón II, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 4°piso, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, 4°piso, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Alberto Levi
- División Tisioneumonología Hospital F.J. Muñiz, Uspallata 2272, (C1282AEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Nicolás Casco
- División Tisioneumonología Hospital F.J. Muñiz, Uspallata 2272, (C1282AEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Domingo J Palmero
- División Tisioneumonología Hospital F.J. Muñiz, Uspallata 2272, (C1282AEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Verónica E García
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Pabellón II, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 4°piso, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, 4°piso, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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17
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Stein CM, Sausville L, Wejse C, Sobota RS, Zetola NM, Hill PC, Boom WH, Scott WK, Sirugo G, Williams SM. Genomics of human pulmonary tuberculosis: from genes to pathways. CURRENT GENETIC MEDICINE REPORTS 2017; 5:149-166. [PMID: 29805915 DOI: 10.1007/s40142-017-0130-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of review Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), remains a major public health threat globally. Several lines of evidence support a role for host genetic factors in resistance/susceptibility to TB disease and MTB infection. However, results across candidate gene and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are largely inconsistent, so a cohesive genetic model underlying TB risk has not emerged. Recent Findings Despite the difficulties in identifying consistent genetic associations, genetic studies of TB and MTB infection have revealed a few well-documented loci. These well validated genes are presented in this review, but there remains a large gap in how these genes translate into better understanding of TB. To address this, we present a pathway based extension of standard association analyses, seeding the results with the best validated genes from candidate gene and GWAS studies. Summary Several pathways were significantly enriched using pathway analyses that may help to explain population patterns of TB risk. In conclusion, we advocate for novel approaches to the study of host genetic analysis of TB that extend traditional association approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Stein
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland, OH.,Tuberculosis Research Unit, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Lindsay Sausville
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland, OH
| | - Christian Wejse
- Dept of Infectious Diseases/Center for Global Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rafal S Sobota
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Nicola M Zetola
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Botswana-UPenn Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.,Department of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Philip C Hill
- Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - W Henry Boom
- Tuberculosis Research Unit, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - William K Scott
- Department of Human Genetics and Genomics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Giorgio Sirugo
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Scott M Williams
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland, OH
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18
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Wilkinson S, Bishop SC, Allen AR, McBride SH, Skuce RA, Bermingham M, Woolliams JA, Glass EJ. Fine-mapping host genetic variation underlying outcomes to Mycobacterium bovis infection in dairy cows. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:477. [PMID: 28646863 PMCID: PMC5483290 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3836-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Susceptibility to Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle is governed in part by host genetics. However, cattle diagnosed as infected with M. bovis display varying signs of pathology. The variation in host response to infection could represent a continuum since time of exposure or distinct outcomes due to differing pathogen handling. The relationships between host genetics and variation in host response and pathological sequelae following M. bovis infection were explored by genotyping 1966 Holstein-Friesian dairy cows at 538,231 SNPs with three distinct phenotypes. These were: single intradermal cervical comparative tuberculin (SICCT) test positives with visible lesions (VLs), SICCT-positives with undetected visible lesions (NVLs) and matched controls SICCT-negative on multiple occasions. RESULTS Regional heritability mapping identified three loci associated with the NVL phenotype on chromosomes 17, 22 and 23, distinct to the region on chromosome 13 associated with the VL phenotype. The region on chromosome 23 was at genome-wide significance and candidate genes overlapping the mapped window included members of the bovine leukocyte antigen class IIb region, a complex known for its role in immunity and disease resistance. Chromosome heritability analysis attributed variance to six and thirteen chromosomes for the VL and NVL phenotypes, respectively, and four of these chromosomes were found to explain a proportion of the phenotypic variation for both the VL and NVL phenotype. By grouping the M. bovis outcomes (VLs and NVLs) variance was attributed to nine chromosomes. When contrasting the two M. bovis infection outcomes (VLs vs NVLs) nine chromosomes were found to harbour heritable variation. Regardless of the case phenotype under investigation, chromosome heritability did not exceed 8% indicating that the genetic control of bTB resistance consists of variants of small to moderate effect situated across many chromosomes of the bovine genome. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest the host genetics of M. bovis infection outcomes is governed by distinct and overlapping genetic variants. Thus, variation in the pathology of M. bovis infected cattle may be partly genetically determined and indicative of different host responses or pathogen handling. There may be at least three distinct outcomes following M. bovis exposure in dairy cattle: resistance to infection, infection resulting in pathology or no detectable pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wilkinson
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - S C Bishop
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A R Allen
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stormont, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT4 3SD, UK
| | - S H McBride
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stormont, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT4 3SD, UK
| | - R A Skuce
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stormont, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT4 3SD, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - M Bermingham
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, Edinburgh, UK
- Current Address: Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, School of Molecular, Genetic and Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - J A Woolliams
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, Edinburgh, UK
| | - E J Glass
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, Edinburgh, UK
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19
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Liu Q, Li W, Li D, Feng Y, Tao C. The association of interleukin-10 -1082, -819, -592 polymorphisms and tuberculosis risk. Saudi Med J 2016; 36:407-17. [PMID: 25828276 PMCID: PMC4404473 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2015.4.10545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To assess the association between interleukin (IL)-10 -1082, -819, -592 polymorphisms and tuberculosis (TB) risk. Methods: This study was conducted between July and October 2014 in West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. We searched and collected data from PUBMED, EMBASE, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, and WANGFANG up to October 2014. Results: A total of 37 studies were enrolled, including 8625 TB cases, and 9928 healthy controls. The IL-10-1082G/A polymorphism was found to be associated with TB susceptibility in Caucasian (GG versus GA+AA, odds ratio [OR] - 1.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] - 1.03-3.24). The IL-10-819C/T polymorphism was related to TB susceptibility among Asians (C versus T, OR - 0.88, 95% CI - 0.81-0.97; CC versus TT: OR - 0.79, 95% CI - 0.64-0.97; CC+CT versus TT: OR - 0.87, 95% CI - 0.77-0.98; CC versus CT+TT: OR - 0.82, 95% CI - 0.68-0.98). The IL-10-592C/A polymorphism was in association with TB susceptibility in Asians (C versus A: OR - 0.74, 95% CI - 0.65-0.85; CC versus AA: OR - 0.55, 95% CI - 0.41-0.75; CA versus AA: OR - 0.73, 95% CI - 0.60-0.89; CC+CA versus AA: OR - 0.69, 95% CI 0.58-0.83; CA versus AA: OR - 0.66, 95% CI 0.51-0.86), Caucasian (C versus A: OR - 1.25, 95% CI - 1.08-1.45; CC versus CA+AA: OR-1.48, 95% CI - 1.16-1.89), and Europeans (C versus A: OR - 1.31, 95% CI - 1.02-1.67; CC versus AA: OR - 1.88, 95% CI - 1.05-3.37). Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggests that IL-10-1082G/A, IL-819C/T, and IL-592C/A polymorphisms might be associated with TB susceptibility in certain ethnicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. E-mail.
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20
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Beiranvand E, Abediankenari S, Valiyari S, Rezaei MS, Rostamian M, Beiranvand B, Khaligh A, Khani S. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of IFNγ (+874 A/T) and IFNγR1 (-56 C/T) in Iranian patients with TB. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2016; 110:604-609. [PMID: 27941164 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trw074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two important genes for controlling TB are IFNγ and IFNγR1. However, little information exists regarding genetic susceptibility of the Iranian TB population. METHODS We investigated the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes of IFNγ (+874 A/T) and IFNγR1 (-56 C/T) and serum level of IFNγ and their influence on TB in patients; 300 patients with TB and 300 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to identify SNPs and serum level of IFNγ was measured by ELISA. RESULTS The allelic and the genotypic form of IFNγ+874 A/T SNP of the studied population were not significant (p>0.05). Allele T frequencies of IFNγR1 -56 C/T promoter region in patients with pulmonary TB (PTB) or extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) were significantly greater than allele C. The -56 TT motif of IFNγR1 is associated with both forms of TB (p<0.05). The serum level of IFNγ was significantly higher in patients with TB than in controls, but there was no significant difference between serum level of IFNγ and the studied genotypes (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The cause of active TB in the patients seems to be due to the lack of effective IFNγ function or the lack of effective signaling connection between IFNγ and its receptor in presence of -56 C/T polymorphism in promoter region of IFNγR1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Beiranvand
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran, Biotechnology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Abediankenari
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Samira Valiyari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Rezaei
- Booalisina Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | | | - Ali Khaligh
- Sabzevar University of Medical Science, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Soghra Khani
- Biochemistry Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Schurz H, Daya M, Möller M, Hoal EG, Salie M. TLR1, 2, 4, 6 and 9 Variants Associated with Tuberculosis Susceptibility: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139711. [PMID: 26430737 PMCID: PMC4592262 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies investigating the influence of toll-like receptor (TLR) polymorphisms and tuberculosis susceptibility have yielded varying and often contradictory results in different ethnic groups. A meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between TLR variants and susceptibility to tuberculosis, both across and within specific ethnic groups. METHODS An extensive database search was performed for studies investigating the relationship between TLR and tuberculosis (TB) susceptibility. Data was subsequently extracted from included studies and statistically analysed. RESULTS 32 articles involving 18907 individuals were included in this meta-analysis, and data was extracted for 14 TLR polymorphisms. Various genetic models were employed. An increased risk of TB was found for individuals with the TLR2 rs3804100 CC and the TLR9 rs352139 GA and GG genotypes, while decreased risk was identified for those with the AG genotype of TLR1 rs4833095. The T allele of TLR6 rs5743810 conferred protection across all ethnic groups. TLR2 rs5743708 subgroup analysis identified the A allele to increase susceptibility to TB in the Asian ethnic group, while conferring protection in the Hispanic group. The T allele of TLR4 rs4986791 was also found to increase the risk of TB in the Asian subgroup. All other TLR gene variants investigated were not found to be associated with TB in this meta-analysis. DISCUSSION Although general associations were identified, most TLR variants showed no significant association with TB, indicating that additional studies investigating a wider range of pattern recognition receptors is required to gain a better understanding of this complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiko Schurz
- SA MRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research and the DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Michelle Daya
- SA MRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research and the DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Marlo Möller
- SA MRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research and the DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Eileen G. Hoal
- SA MRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research and the DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Muneeb Salie
- SA MRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research and the DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
- * E-mail:
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Chen Z, Wang W, Liang J, Wang J, Feng S, Zhang G. Association between toll-like receptors 9 (TLR9) gene polymorphism and risk of pulmonary tuberculosis: meta-analysis. BMC Pulm Med 2015; 15:57. [PMID: 25948535 PMCID: PMC4460768 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-015-0049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies indicated that the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TLR9 gene might be associated with Tuberculosis (TB) risk. However, the results are inconsistent and inconclusive. METHODS 1745 articles from four databases were involved in our study. A meta-analysis on the associations between the seven polymorphisms and TB risk was carried out by comparison using different genetic models. RESULTS In this systematic review 8 studies from seven English articles were analyzed. Our results showed that rs352139 is significantly associated with TB risk (AA vs. AG, OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.65-0.92, P = 0.004). In the ethnic subgroup analysis, Indonesians with AA genotype had a decreased susceptibility while Mexicans with GG allele had an increased risk. CONCLUSIONS The meta-analysis indicated that rs352139 polymorphism might be associated with decreased TB risk in Indonesians whereas increased risk in Mexicans. Whether the observed association was due to causal effect needs to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- Department of Tuberculosis, The 309th hospital of PLA, No. 17, Heishanhu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Tuberculosis, The 309th hospital of PLA, No. 17, Heishanhu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Jianqin Liang
- Department of Tuberculosis, The 309th hospital of PLA, No. 17, Heishanhu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Jinhe Wang
- Department of Tuberculosis, The 309th hospital of PLA, No. 17, Heishanhu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Shisheng Feng
- Department of Tuberculosis, The 309th hospital of PLA, No. 17, Heishanhu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- Department of Tuberculosis, The 309th hospital of PLA, No. 17, Heishanhu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China.
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Zhao L, Liu K, Kong X, Tao Z, Wang Y, Liu Y. Association of polymorphisms in Toll-like receptors 4 and 9 with risk of pulmonary tuberculosis: a meta-analysis. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:1097-106. [PMID: 25889916 PMCID: PMC4412087 DOI: 10.12659/msm.893755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Findings regarding the association of the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs4986790 and rs4986791 in Toll-like receptor 4 and rs187084, rs574386, and rs352139 in Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) susceptibility are inconsistent. We conducted a meta-analysis to systematically summarize and clarify the association between these SNPs and PTB susceptibility. MATERIAL AND METHODS A systematic literature search for relevant studies up to December, 2014 was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang databases. Information was gathered from each eligible study. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to pool the effect size. RESULTS Finally, a total of 16 case-control studies on these polymorphisms were enrolled in this meta-analysis. The meta-analysis results suggest there was no association between these polymorphisms and PTB risk PTB risk in all the genetic models overall. However, for TLR4 rs4986791, a significant increased PTB risk was found in Africans, and for TLR9 rs352139 a significant increased PTB risk was found in Asians after subgroup analysis by ethnicity, although the enrolled studies were limited. CONCLUSIONS There was no association between the polymorphisms in TLR4 and 9 and PTB risk overall, but TLR4 rs4986791 and TLR9 rs352139 might be associated with increased PTB risk in Africans and Asians, respectively. Additional well-designed, larger-scale epidemiological studies are needed to validate our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianli Zhao
- Department of Human Resource, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Kehun Liu
- Department of Medical Examination Center, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Xiangjun Kong
- Central Laboratory, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Zhenxia Tao
- Central Laboratory, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Yanxia Wang
- Central Laboratory, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Ying Liu
- Central Laboratory, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China (mainland)
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Graustein AD, Horne DJ, Arentz M, Bang ND, Chau TTH, Thwaites GE, Caws M, Thuong NTT, Dunstan SJ, Hawn TR. TLR9 gene region polymorphisms and susceptibility to tuberculosis in Vietnam. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2015; 95:190-6. [PMID: 25616954 PMCID: PMC4573533 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Humans exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) show variation in susceptibility to infection and differences in tuberculosis (TB) disease outcome. Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is a pattern recognition receptor that mediates recognition of Mtb and modulates Mtb-specific T-cell responses. Using a case-population design, we evaluated whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TLR9 gene region are associated with susceptibility to pulmonary or meningeal TB as well as neurologic presentation and mortality in the meningeal TB group. In a discovery cohort (n = 352 cases, 382 controls), three SNPs were associated with TB (all forms, p < 0.05) while three additional SNPs neared significance (0.05 < p < 0.1). When these six SNPs were evaluated in a validation cohort (n = 339 cases, 367 controls), one was significant (rs352142) while another neared significance (rs352143). When the cohorts were combined, rs352142 was most strongly associated with meningeal tuberculosis (dominant model; p = 0.0002, OR 2.36, CI 1.43-3.87) while rs352143 was associated with pulmonary tuberculosis (recessive model; p = 0.006, OR 5.3, CI 1.26-31.13). None of the SNPs were associated with mortality. This is the first demonstration of an association between a TLR9 gene region SNP and tuberculous meningitis. In addition, this extends previous findings that support associations of TLR9 SNPs with pulmonary tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D J Horne
- Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M Arentz
- Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - N D Bang
- Pham Ngoc Thach Hospital for Tuberculosis & Lung Disease, HCMC, Viet Nam
| | - T T H Chau
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, HCMC, Viet Nam
| | - G E Thwaites
- Oxford Univ. Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, HCMC, Viet Nam; Nuffield Dept. of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Oxford Univ., UK
| | - M Caws
- Oxford Univ. Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, HCMC, Viet Nam; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, UK
| | - N T T Thuong
- Oxford Univ. Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, HCMC, Viet Nam; Nuffield Dept. of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Oxford Univ., UK
| | - S J Dunstan
- Oxford Univ. Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, HCMC, Viet Nam; Nuffield Dept. of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Oxford Univ., UK; The Nossal Institute for Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - T R Hawn
- Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Association between cytokine gene polymorphisms and tuberculosis in a Chinese population in Shanghai: a case-control study. BMC Immunol 2015; 16:8. [PMID: 25887222 PMCID: PMC4357147 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-015-0071-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphisms in cytokine genes are known to influence cytokine levels, which may influence susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB) infection and disease. Differences in cytokine expression probably determine whether TB progresses, resolves, or becomes latent. In particular, the balance between the Th1 and Th2 cytokine responses influences the expression of disease in individuals with pulmonary TB (PTB). We performed a case-control study of 120 patients diagnosed with PTB, 240 with latent TB infection (LTBI), and 480 healthy controls (HC), to explore the association between polymorphisms in cytokine genes and a predisposition to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and TB disease. RESULTS A single-gene analysis showed a dominant association between the AA genotype or A allele at nucleotide -874 of the interferon γ (IFN-γ) gene and LTBI. The A allele at nucleotide -1082 of the interleukin 10 (IL-10) gene was significantly more common in PTB patients than in LTBI subjects. Moreover, the polymorphisms at IFN-γ -874 and IL10 - 1082 were associated with protein levels of IFN-γ and IL-10, respectively, in the PTB group. The genotype frequencies of other polymorphisms did not differ between the PTB patients, LTBI and HC subjects. Furthermore, combinations of polymorphisms with IFN-γ -874 were associated with LTBI, whereas combinations with IL10 - 1082 were more likely associated with PTB. CONCLUSIONS There are positive associations between the IFN-γ -874 polymorphism and TB and between the IL10 - 1082 polymorphism and LTBI. Our data provide genetic evidence of the multiple disease hypothesis that many cytokine genes are involved in TB susceptibility.
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TIRAP C539T polymorphism contributes to tuberculosis susceptibility: evidence from a meta-analysis. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 27:32-9. [PMID: 25003251 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-interleukin 1 receptor domain containing adaptor protein (TIRAP), an important adaptor protein downstream of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and 4 pathways, is highly involved in the activation and coordination of the anti-mycobacterial immune response. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the association between TIRAP C539T polymorphism and tuberculosis (TB) risk. METHODS A systematic literature search for relevant studies up to February 27, 2014 was conducted in PUBMED, EMBASE, Web of science, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang database. The association between gene and disease was assessed using odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) based on five genetic models. RESULTS A total of 16 qualified studies were enrolled in this meta-analysis. The results of pooling all studies detected statistically resistance of TIRAP C539T mutants to TB risk (T vs. C: OR 0.80, 95%CI 0.65-0.97; TC vs. CC: OR 0.71, 95%CI 0.55-0.92; TT+TC vs. CC: OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.58-0.94). Further subgroup analyses by ethnicity also demonstrated reduced risk of TB in European population (T vs. C: OR 0.71, 95%CI 0.52-0.95; TC vs. CC: OR 0.56, 95%CI 0.35-0.91; TT+TC vs. CC: OR 0.61, 95%CI 0.40-0.92), whereas no such effects were observed in other ethnicities. CONCLUSION This present meta-analysis suggests TIRAP C539T polymorphism is significantly correlated with reduced risk of TB infection, with stronger effect in European. Additional well-designed, larger-scale epidemiological studies among different ethnicities are needed.
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