Single nucleotide polymorphisms at the TRAF1/C5 locus are associated with rheumatoid arthritis in a Han Chinese population

Association between TRAF1/C5 Gene Polymorphisms and IgA Vasculitis in Chinese Children

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the association between loci rs3761847 and rs10818488 of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1/complement C5 (TRAF1/C5) gene and the susceptibility to IgAV.

METHODS

100 blood samples of children with IgAV and 100 blood samples of healthy children were collected from the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from June 2017 to June 2019. The target gene fragment was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the single nucleic acid gene polymorphism of the gene loci was detected by PCR sequencing based typing technique. The association between gene polymorphism of each locus and susceptibility to IgAV was analyzed.

RESULTS

There were significant differences in both genotype (P < .05) and allele frequencies （P < .05) of rs3761847 of TRAF1/C5 gene between the IgAV group and the control group.Besides, the risks of developing IgAV in children with the TT genotype was 0.495 times and in children with the C allele was 1.627 times of that in children with other genotypes and alleles, respectively (P < .05). For IgAV patients, renal involvement risk in children with CC genotype was 5.859 times of that in children with other genotypes (P < .05). There were no significant differences in genotype (P > .05) and allele frequencies (P > .05) of rs10818488 of TRAF1/C5 gene between the IgAV group and the control group. IgAV patients with TT genotype had a 3.2 times higher risk of renal involvement than those with other genotypes (P < .05).

CONCLUSIONS

There is an association between locus rs3761847 of TRAF1/C5 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms and susceptibility to IgAV. The T allele at locus rs3761847 of TRAF1/C5 gene may be a protective factor for IgAV. The C allele at locus rs3761847 and the T allele at locus rs10818488 of TRAF1/C5 gene may be associated with kidney injury in IgAV.

Genetic polymorphisms of rs73620203 in the transforming growth interacting factor gene associated with rheumatoid arthritis in a Chinese population

OBJECTIVE

To explore the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the transforming growth interacting factor (TGIF) gene with bone metabolism markers and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) susceptibility.

METHODS

Three SNPs were genotyped in 155 RA patients and 168 healthy controls using high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis. The serum levels of osteocalcin, bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), and β type I collagen-crosslinked C telopeptide (β-CTX) were detected using electrochemical luminescence in 108 patients randomly selected from the RA group.

RESULTS

Genotype and allele frequency analysis showed that rs73620203 was associated with bone erosion in RA (P = 0.012 and P = 0.003, respectively), and individuals carrying the T allele for rs73620203 showed a decreased RA risk (OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.42-0.84; P = 0.003). In sex-specific analysis, the rs73620203 polymorphism was associated with susceptibility to RA in women (P = 0.022 and P = 0.006, respectively). In addition, RA patients with three genotypes at the rs73620203 locus showed significant differences in serum osteocalcin and BALP (P = 0.006 and P = 0.037, respectively). Haplotype analysis revealed that the haploid ATG and GCA frequencies were significantly lower in the RA group (P = 0.036, OR = 0.693; P = 0.002, OR = 0.189, respectively), while the haploid ACA frequency of the RA group was enhanced (P < 0.01, OR = 5.058).

CONCLUSION

Our study provides the first evidence that rs73620203 is associated with RA susceptibility and the relationship between TGIF gene SNPs and the regulation of bone metabolism in RA patients.

Associations of TRAF1/C5 rs10818488 and rs3761847 polymorphisms with genetic susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis: a case-control study and updated meta-analysis

The results on associations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-receptor associated factor 1/complement component 5 (TRAF1/C5) rs10818488 and rs3761847 polymorphisms with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are controversial, thus this study was performed to examine whether the aforementioned polymorphisms were associated with RA in a Chinese population. Furthermore, an updated meta-analysis was conducted. The polymorphisms were genotyped in 328 Chinese RA patients and 449 healthy controls. Studies examining the association of TRAF1/C5 rs10818488 and/or rs3761847 polymorphism with RA were exhaustively searched. No significant difference in either genotype or allele distribution between RA patients and controls was found. The updated meta-analysis was conducted based on 19 articles including the present study. A significant association of RA with TRAF1/C5 rs10818488 polymorphism G allele in Europeans (OR = 0.843, 95% CI = 0.730-0.975, p = 0.021) and in Asians (OR = 1.070, 95% CI = 1.009-1.136, p = 0.024) was found. Additionally, a significant association of RA with TRAF1/C5 rs10818488 polymorphism G allele under the recessive model in Asians (OR = 1.129, 95% CI = 1.023-1.246, p = 0.016) and in Africans (OR = 0.657, 95% CI = 0.507-0.851, p = 0.001) was found. Only a borderline significant association of RA with TRAF1/C5 rs3761847 polymorphism A allele was found in Europeans. Non-significant associations of RA with TRAF1/C5 rs10818488 and rs3761847 polymorphisms were found in our study. The updated meta-analysis results demonstrate that TRAF1/C5 rs10818488 polymorphism is associated with RA in Europeans, Asians and Africans, and TRAF1/C5 rs3761847 polymorphism is associated with RA in Europeans with borderline significant evidence.

TRAF molecules in inflammation and inflammatory diseases

Purpose of Review

This review presents an overview of the current knowledge of TRAF molecules in inflammation with an emphasis on available human evidence and direct in vivo evidence of mouse models that demonstrate the contribution of TRAF molecules in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases.

Recent Findings

The tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF-R)-associated factor (TRAF) family of cytoplasmic proteins was initially identified as signaling adaptors that bind directly to the intracellular domains of receptors of the TNF-R superfamily. It is now appreciated that TRAF molecules are widely employed in signaling by a variety of adaptive and innate immune receptors as well as cytokine receptors. TRAF-dependent signaling pathways typically lead to the activation of nuclear factor-κBs (NF-κBs), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), or interferon-regulatory factors (IRFs). Most of these signaling pathways have been linked to inflammation, and therefore TRAF molecules were expected to regulate inflammation and inflammatory responses since their discovery in 1990s. However, direct in vivo evidence of TRAFs in inflammation and especially in inflammatory diseases had been lacking for many years, partly due to the difficulty imposed by early lethality of TRAF2^-/-, TRAF3^-/-, and TRAF6^-/- mice. With the creation of conditional knockout and lineage-specific transgenic mice of different TRAF molecules, our understanding about TRAFs in inflammation and inflammatory responses has rapidly advanced during the past decade.

Summary

Increasing evidence indicates that TRAF molecules are versatile and indispensable regulators of inflammation and inflammatory responses and that aberrant expression or function of TRAFs contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases.

TNFR2/BIRC3-TRAF1 signaling pathway as a novel NK cell immune checkpoint in cancer

Natural Killer (NK) cells control metastatic dissemination of murine tumors and are an important prognostic factor in several human malignancies. However, tumor cells hijack many of the NK cell functional features compromising their tumoricidal activity. Here, we show a deleterious role of the TNFα/TNFR2/BIRC3/TRAF1 signaling cascade in NK cells from the tumor microenvironment (TME). TNFα induces BIRC3/cIAP2 transcripts and reduces NKp46/NCR1 transcription and surface expression on NK cells, promoting metastases dissemination in mice and poor prognosis in GIST patients. NKp30 engagement, by promoting the release of TNFα, also contributes to BIRC3 upregulation, and more so in patients expressing predominantly NKp30C isoforms. These findings reveal that in the absence of IL-12 or a Th1-geared TME, TNFα can be considered as a negative regulatory cytokine for innate effectors.

Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1 (TRAF1) polymorphisms and susceptibility to autoimmune thyroid disease

Former studies have revealed the link between the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 1 (TRAF1) polymorphisms and autoimmunity. In the present study, we took an opportunity to investigate the association between TRAF1 and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) in order to find a new susceptibility gene. A total of 1029 AITD patients [677 Graves' disease (GD) patients and 352 Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) patients] and 899 controls were enrolled. We used matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometer (MALDI-TOF-MS) to detect the polymorphisms of rs4836834, rs10760130, rs10818488, rs2239658, rs2900180. We also explored the association between polymorphisms and clinical subphenotypes. Genotype frequencies of the five loci in all AITD patients were significantly different from those of controls. Genotype frequencies of rs10760130, rs2239658 and rs2900180 in GD patients were significantly different from controls. Allele analysis found that T allele of rs4836834, G allele of rs10760130, A allele of rs10818488, T allele of rs2239658 and T allele of rs2900180 were significantly higher in GD and AITD patients. No significant differences were found between HT patients and controls. Haplotype analysis found three haplotypes including ACAGC, TTGAT and TCGAC. ACAGC frequencies were significantly lower in GD and HT patients. However, TTGAT frequency was only significantly higher in GD patients. No significant results were found between polymorphisms and clinical subphenotypes. Our study reveals TRAF1 as a susceptibility gene of AITD in Chinese Han population.

RADB: a database of rheumatoid arthritis-related polymorphisms

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that has a complex genetic basis. Therefore, it is important to explore the genetic background of RA. The extensive recent application of polymorphic genetic markers, especially single nucleotide polymorphisms, has presented us with a large quantity of genetic data. In this study, we developed the Database of Rheumatoid Arthritis-related Polymorphisms (RADB), to integrate all the RA-related genetic polymorphisms and provide a useful resource for researchers. We manually extracted the RA-related polymorphisms from 686 published reports, including RA susceptibility loci, polymorphisms associated with particular clinical features of RA, polymorphisms associated with drug response in RA and polymorphisms associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease in RA. Currently, RADB V1.0 contains 3235 polymorphisms that are associated with 636 genes and refer to 68 countries. The detailed information extracted from the literature includes basic information about the articles (e.g. PubMed ID, title and abstract), population information (e.g. country, geographic area and sample size) and polymorphism information (e.g. polymorphism name, gene, genotype, odds ratio and 95% confidence interval, P-value and risk allele). Meanwhile, useful annotations, such as hyperlinks to dbSNP, GenBank, UCSC, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway, are included. In addition, a tool for meta-analysis was developed to summarize the results of multiple studies. The database is freely available at http://www.bioapp.org/RADB.

Database URL:http://www.bioapp.org/RADB.

Associations between TRAF1-C5 gene polymorphisms and rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to determine whether tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1-complement 5 (TRAF1-C5) polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in different populations.

METHODS

We conducted a meta-analysis of associations between the TRAF1-C5 polymorphisms and RA susceptibility.

RESULTS

A total of 24 comparative studies were included in this meta-analysis, including 22,682 patients with RA and 23,493 controls. The meta-analysis showed an association between the second allele of rs10818488 and RA in Europeans, but not in Asians (OR 1.229, 95% CI 1.094-1.381, p = 0.001; OR 1.060, 95% CI 0.930-1.335, p = 0.092). The meta-analysis also indicated an association between the second allele of rs3761847 and RA in Europeans, but not in Asians (OR 1.156, 95% CI 1.006-1.327, p = 0.041; OR 1.049, 95% CI 0.952-1.156, p = 0.333). The meta-analysis revealed an association between the second allele of the rs2900180 and rs10760130 polymorphisms and RA risk in Europeans (OR 1.224, 95% CI 1.065-1.405, p = 0.004; OR 1.072, 95% CI 1.002-1.147, p = 0.042).

CONCLUSIONS

This meta-analysis confirms that the TRAF1-C5 rs10818488, rs3761847, rs2900180 and rs10760130 polymorphisms are associated with RA susceptibility in Europeans.

TRAF1-C5 affects quality of life in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis

BACKGROUND

Previous studies reported associations between specific alleles of non-HLA immunoregulatory genes and higher fatigue scores in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC).

AIM

To study the relationship between variables of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and single nucleotide polymorphisms of TRAF1-C5, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

TRAF1-C5 gene polymorphisms, rs2900180 and rs3761847, were analysed in 120 Caucasian PBCs. The HRQoL was assessed with SF-36, PBC-40, and PBC-27 questionnaires.

RESULTS

We found a negative association between TT genotype of rs2900180 and SF-36's domains vitality (P < 0.05), mental health (P < 0.05), and mental component summary score (P < 0.05). GG homozygotes of rs3761847 had lower vitality (P < 0.05), mental health (P < 0.05), mental component summary score (P < 0.05) and impairment of social functioning (P < 0.01). Allelic analysis has shown that T allele of rs2900180 and G allele of rs3761847 related to SF-36's vitality (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01), social functioning (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05), mental health (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05), and mental component summary score (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05), respectively. Genotyping and allelic analysis did not reveal correlation with PBC-40 and PBC-27 domains.

CONCLUSION

The association between rs2900180 and rs3761847 polymorphisms and HRQoL variables indicates that TRAF1 is involved in the induction of impaired QoL in PBC.

NF-κB and Rheumatoid Arthritis: Will Understanding Genetic Risk Lead to a Therapeutic Reward?

NF-κB has long been known to play an important role in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Indeed, as our understanding of how NF-κB is utilized has increased, we have been hard put to find a process not associated with this transcription factor family in some way. However, new data originating, in part, from genome-wide association studies have demonstrated that very specific alterations in components of the NF-κB pathway are sufficient to confer increased risk of developing disease. Here we review the data which have identified specific components of the NF-κB pathway, and consider what is known of their mechanisms of action and how these mechanisms might play into the disease process. In addition, the use of genetic information to predict RA is considered.

TRAF1 gene polymorphism correlates with the titre of Gp210 antibody in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis

Background. Polymorphisms of TRAF1 (Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1) are associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Whether TRAF1 polymorphisms confer increased risk for primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), an autoimmune liver disease which can co-exist with RA, is unknown. Aim of the Study. To assess the frequency of the RA-conferring susceptibility TRAF1 polymorphisms rs3761847 and rs2900180 in a cohort of PBC patients. The association of TRAF1 polymorphisms with clinical features and autoantibody markers was also analyzed. Methods. We studied 179 PBC patients and 300 controls. Samples were genotyped for TRAF1 gene polymorphisms by real-time PCR. Autoantibodies were tested by ELISA. Results. The frequency of rs3761847 and rs2900180 polymorphisms did not differ between patients and controls. Laboratory or clinical features were not associated with specific polymorphisms. Gp210 autoantibody titres were conspicuously higher among GG homozygotes of rs3761847 as compared with AA homozygotes (P = 0.02). In contrast, antichromatin titers were higher in AA compared to GG rs3761847 homozygotes (P = 0.04). Rheumatoid factor IgG titres were significantly higher in rs2900180 TT homozygotes than CC homozygotes (P = 0.02). Conclusions. TRAF1 polymorphisms occur with the similar frequency in PBC patients and in the general population, but their presence is probably involved in the regulation of specific PBC-related autoantibodies.