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Wu M, Zhang X, Tu Y, Cheng W, Zeng Y. Culture and expansion of murine proximal airway basal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:26. [PMID: 38287366 PMCID: PMC10826159 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03642-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stem cell characteristic makes basal cells desirable for ex vivo modeling of airway diseases. However, to date, approaches allowing them extensively in vitro serial expansion and maintaining bona fide stem cell property are still awaiting to be established. This study aims to develop a feeder-free culture system of mouse airway basal stem cells (ABSCs) that sustain their stem cell potential in vitro, providing an experimental basis for further in-depth research and mechanism exploration. METHODS We used ROCK inhibitor Y-27632-containing 3T3-CM, MEF-CM, and RbEF-CM to determine the proper feeder-free culture system that could maintain in vitro stem cell morphology of mouse ABSCs. Immunocytofluorescence was used to identify the basal cell markers of obtained cells. Serial propagation was carried out to observe whether the stem cell morphology and basal cell markers could be preserved in this cultivation system. Next, we examined the in vitro expansion and self-renewal ability by evaluating population doubling time and colony-forming efficiency. Moreover, the differentiation potential was detected by an in vitro differentiation culture and a 3D tracheosphere assay. RESULTS When the mouse ABSCs were cultured using 3T3-CM containing ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 in combination with Matrigel-coated culture dishes, they could stably expand and maintain stem cell-like clones. We confirmed that the obtained clones comprised p63/Krt5 double-positive ABSCs. In continuous passage and maintenance culture, we found that it could be subculture to at least 15 passages in vitro, stably maintaining its stem cell morphology, basal cell markers, and in vitro expansion and self-renewal capabilities. Meanwhile, through in vitro differentiation culture and 3D tracheosphere culture, we found that in addition to maintaining self-renewal, mouse ABSCs could differentiate into other airway epithelial cells such as acetylated tubulin (Act-Tub) + ciliated and MUC5AC + mucus-secreting cells. However, they failed to differentiate into alveoli epithelial cells, including alveolar type I and alveolar type II. CONCLUSION We established an in vitro feeder-free culture system that allows mouse ABSCs to maintain their stem cell characteristics, including self-renewal and airway epithelium differentiation potential, while keeping up in vitro expansion stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Lung Stem Cells, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Lung Stem Cells, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjuan Tu
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhao Cheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Lung Stem Cells, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiming Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Lung Stem Cells, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Onyido EK, James D, Garcia-Parra J, Sinfield J, Moberg A, Coombes Z, Worthington J, Williams N, Francis LW, Conlan RS, Gonzalez D. Elucidating Novel Targets for Ovarian Cancer Antibody-Drug Conjugate Development: Integrating In Silico Prediction and Surface Plasmon Resonance to Identify Targets with Enhanced Antibody Internalization Capacity. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:65. [PMID: 37873862 PMCID: PMC10594448 DOI: 10.3390/antib12040065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) constitute a rapidly expanding category of biopharmaceuticals that are reshaping the landscape of targeted chemotherapy. The meticulous process of selecting therapeutic targets, aided by specific monoclonal antibodies' high specificity for binding to designated antigenic epitopes, is pivotal in ADC research and development. Despite ADCs' intrinsic ability to differentiate between healthy and cancerous cells, developmental challenges persist. In this study, we present a rationalized pipeline encompassing the initial phases of the ADC development, including target identification and validation. Leveraging an in-house, computationally constructed ADC target database, termed ADC Target Vault, we identified a set of novel ovarian cancer targets. We effectively demonstrate the efficacy of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) technology and in vitro models as predictive tools, expediting the selection and validation of targets as ADC candidates for ovarian cancer therapy. Our analysis reveals three novel robust antibody/target pairs with strong binding and favourable antibody internalization rates in both wild-type and cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cell lines. This approach enhances ADC development and offers a comprehensive method for assessing target/antibody combinations and pre-payload conjugation biological activity. Additionally, the strategy establishes a robust platform for high-throughput screening of potential ovarian cancer ADC targets, an approach that is equally applicable to other cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emenike Kenechi Onyido
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK (D.J.); (J.G.-P.); (Z.C.); (L.W.F.); (R.S.C.)
| | - David James
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK (D.J.); (J.G.-P.); (Z.C.); (L.W.F.); (R.S.C.)
| | - Jezabel Garcia-Parra
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK (D.J.); (J.G.-P.); (Z.C.); (L.W.F.); (R.S.C.)
| | - John Sinfield
- Cytiva, Björkgatan 30, 751 84 Uppsala, Sweden; (J.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Anna Moberg
- Cytiva, Björkgatan 30, 751 84 Uppsala, Sweden; (J.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Zoe Coombes
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK (D.J.); (J.G.-P.); (Z.C.); (L.W.F.); (R.S.C.)
| | - Jenny Worthington
- Axis Bioservices Ltd., 189 Castleroe Rd, Coleraine BT51 3RP, UK; (J.W.); (N.W.)
| | - Nicole Williams
- Axis Bioservices Ltd., 189 Castleroe Rd, Coleraine BT51 3RP, UK; (J.W.); (N.W.)
| | - Lewis Webb Francis
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK (D.J.); (J.G.-P.); (Z.C.); (L.W.F.); (R.S.C.)
| | - Robert Steven Conlan
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK (D.J.); (J.G.-P.); (Z.C.); (L.W.F.); (R.S.C.)
| | - Deyarina Gonzalez
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK (D.J.); (J.G.-P.); (Z.C.); (L.W.F.); (R.S.C.)
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3
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Avard RC, Broad ML, Zandkarimi F, Devanny AJ, Hammer JL, Yu K, Guzman A, Kaufman LJ. DISC-3D: dual-hydrogel system enhances optical imaging and enables correlative mass spectrometry imaging of invading multicellular tumor spheroids. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12383. [PMID: 37524722 PMCID: PMC10390472 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38699-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Multicellular tumor spheroids embedded in collagen I matrices are common in vitro systems for the study of solid tumors that reflect the physiological environment and complexities of the in vivo environment. While collagen I environments are physiologically relevant and permissive of cell invasion, studying spheroids in such hydrogels presents challenges to key analytical assays and to a wide array of imaging modalities. While this is largely due to the thickness of the 3D hydrogels that in other samples can typically be overcome by sectioning, because of their highly porous nature, collagen I hydrogels are very challenging to section, especially in a manner that preserves the hydrogel network including cell invasion patterns. Here, we describe a novel method for preparing and cryosectioning invasive spheroids in a two-component (collagen I and gelatin) matrix, a technique we term dual-hydrogel in vitro spheroid cryosectioning of three-dimensional samples (DISC-3D). DISC-3D does not require cell fixation, preserves the architecture of invasive spheroids and their surroundings, eliminates imaging challenges, and allows for use of techniques that have infrequently been applied in three-dimensional spheroid analysis, including super-resolution microscopy and mass spectrometry imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Avard
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Megan L Broad
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Wales, UK
| | | | | | - Joseph L Hammer
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Karen Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Asja Guzman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Laura J Kaufman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
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Quintela M, James DW, Pociute A, Powell L, Edwards K, Coombes Z, Garcia J, Garton N, Das N, Lutchman-Singh K, Margarit L, Beynon AL, Rioja I, Prinjha RK, Harker NR, Gonzalez D, Conlan RS, Francis LW. Bromodomain inhibitor i-BET858 triggers a unique transcriptional response coupled to enhanced DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in high-grade ovarian carcinoma cells. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:63. [PMID: 37060086 PMCID: PMC10105475 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01477-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer has a specific unmet clinical need, with a persistently poor 5-year survival rate observed in women with advanced stage disease warranting continued efforts to develop new treatment options. The amplification of BRD4 in a significant subset of high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSC) has led to the development of BET inhibitors (BETi) as promising antitumour agents that have subsequently been evaluated in phase I/II clinical trials. Here, we describe the molecular effects and ex vivo preclinical activities of i-BET858, a bivalent pan-BET inhibitor with proven in vivo BRD inhibitory activity. RESULTS i-BET858 demonstrates enhanced cytotoxic activity compared with earlier generation BETis both in cell lines and primary cells derived from clinical samples of HGSC. At molecular level, i-BET858 triggered a bipartite transcriptional response, comprised of a 'core' network of genes commonly associated with BET inhibition in solid tumours, together with a unique i-BET858 gene signature. Mechanistically, i-BET858 elicited enhanced DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death compared to its predecessor i-BET151. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our ex vivo and in vitro studies indicate that i-BET858 represents an optimal candidate to pursue further clinical validation for the treatment of HGSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Quintela
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - David W James
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Agne Pociute
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Lydia Powell
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Kadie Edwards
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Zoe Coombes
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Jetzabel Garcia
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Neil Garton
- Immunology Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Nagindra Das
- Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, SA12 7BR, UK
| | | | - Lavinia Margarit
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
- Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board, Swansea, SA2 8QA, UK
| | | | - Inmaculada Rioja
- Immunology Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Rab K Prinjha
- Immunology Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Nicola R Harker
- Immunology Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Deyarina Gonzalez
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - R Steven Conlan
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Lewis W Francis
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
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Bjørknes B, Neye OE, Hamerlik P, Jauffred L. Immunostaining protocol for infiltrating brain cancer spheroids for light-sheet imaging. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281161. [PMID: 36757917 PMCID: PMC9910650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma tumors form in brains' white matter and are fast-growing and aggressive. Poor prognosis is the result of therapeutic resistance and infiltrating growth into the surrounding brain. Here we present a protocol for the detection of the cytoskeleton intermediate filament, vimentin, in cells at the proliferating spheroid surface. By combining a classical invasion assay with immunofluorescence and light-sheet imaging, we find that it is exactly these cytoskeleton-reinforcing cells on the spheroid's surface that will start the infiltration. We anticipate our results to be the starting point of more sophisticated investigation of anti-cancer drug effects on cytoskeleton reorganisation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver Emil Neye
- The Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Liselotte Jauffred
- The Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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6
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Evaluation of X-ray and carbon-ion beam irradiation with chemotherapy for the treatment of cervical adenocarcinoma cells in 2D and 3D cultures. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:391. [PMID: 36494817 PMCID: PMC9733259 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02810-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women and causes more than 250,000 deaths worldwide. Among these, the incidence of cervical adenocarcinomas is increasing. Cervical adenocarcinoma is not only difficult to detect and prevent in the early stages with screening, but it is also resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and its prognosis worsens significantly as the disease progresses. Furthermore, when recurrence or metastasis is observed, treatment options are limited and there is no curative treatment. Recently, heavy-particle radiotherapy has attracted attention owing to its high tumor control and minimal damage to normal tissues. In addition, heavy particle irradiation is effective for cancer stem cells and hypoxic regions, which are difficult to treat. METHODS In this study, we cultured cervical adenocarcinoma cell lines (HeLa and HCA-1) in two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) spheroid cultures and evaluated the effects of X-ray and carbon-ion (C-ion) beams. RESULTS X-ray irradiation decreased the cell viability in a dose-dependent manner in 2D cultures, whereas this effect was attenuated in 3D spheroid cultures. In contrast, C-ion irradiation demonstrated the same antitumor effect in 3D spheroid cultures as in 2D cultures. In 3D spheroid cultures, X-rays and anticancer drugs are attenuated because of hypoxia inside the spheroids. However, the impact of the C-ion beam was almost the same as that of the 2D culture, because heavy-particle irradiation was not affected by hypoxia. CONCLUSION These results suggest that heavy-particle radiotherapy may be a new therapeutic strategy for overcoming the resistance of cervical adenocarcinoma to treatment.
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Johnson PA, Menegatti S, Chambers AC, Alibhai D, Collard TJ, Williams AC, Bayley H, Perriman AW. A rapid high throughput bioprinted colorectal cancer spheroid platform for in vitrodrug- and radiation-response. Biofabrication 2022; 15:014103. [PMID: 36321254 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac999f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We describe the development of a high-throughput bioprinted colorectal cancer (CRC) spheroid platform with high levels of automation, information content, and low cell number requirement. This is achieved via the formulation of a hydrogel bioink with a compressive Young's modulus that is commensurate with that of colonic tissue (1-3 kPa), which supports exponential growth of spheroids from a wide range of CRC cell lines. The resulting spheroids display tight cell-cell junctions, bioink matrix-cell interactions and necrotic hypoxic cores. By combining high content light microscopy imaging and processing with rapid multiwell plate bioprinting, dose-response profiles are generated from CRC spheroids challenged with oxaliplatin (OX) and fluorouracil (5FU), as well as radiotherapy. Bioprinted CRC spheroids are shown to exhibit high levels of chemoresistance relative to cell monolayers, and OX was found to be significantly less effective against tumour spheroids than in monolayer culture, when compared to 5FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Menegatti
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Adam C Chambers
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic Alibhai
- Wolfson Bioimaging Facility, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Tracey J Collard
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Ann C Williams
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Hagan Bayley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Adam W Perriman
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
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Intermittent hypoxia enhances the expression of hypoxia inducible factor HIF1A through histone demethylation. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102536. [PMID: 36174675 PMCID: PMC9597902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular response to hypoxia is regulated through enzymatic oxygen sensors, including the prolyl hydroxylases, which control degradation of the well-known hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs). Other enzymatic oxygen sensors have been recently identified, including members of the KDM histone demethylase family. Little is known about how different oxygen-sensing pathways interact and if this varies depending on the form of hypoxia, such as chronic or intermittent. In this study, we investigated how two proposed cellular oxygen-sensing systems, HIF-1 and KDM4A, KDM4B, and KDM4C, respond in cells exposed to rapid forms of intermittent hypoxia (minutes) and compared to chronic hypoxia (hours). We found that intermittent hypoxia increases HIF-1α protein through a pathway distinct from chronic hypoxia, involving the KDM4A, KDM4B, and KDM4C histone lysine demethylases. Intermittent hypoxia increases the quantity and activity of KDM4A, KDM4B, and KDM4C, resulting in a decrease in histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9) trimethylation near the HIF1A locus. We demonstrate that this contrasts with chronic hypoxia, which decreases KDM4A, KDM4B, and KDM4C activity, leading to hypertrimethylation of H3K9 globally and at the HIF1A locus. Altogether, we found that demethylation of histones bound to the HIF1A gene in intermittent hypoxia increases HIF1A mRNA expression, which has the downstream effect of increasing overall HIF-1 activity and expression of HIF target genes. This study highlights how multiple oxygen-sensing pathways can interact to regulate and fine tune the cellular hypoxic response depending on the period and length of hypoxia.
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Capturing the third dimension in drug discovery: Spatially-resolved tools for interrogation of complex 3D cell models. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 55:107883. [PMID: 34875362 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Advanced three-dimensional (3D) cell models have proven to be capable of depicting architectural and microenvironmental features of several tissues. By providing data of higher physiological and pathophysiological relevance, 3D cell models have been contributing to a better understanding of human development, pathology onset and progression mechanisms, as well as for 3D cell-based assays for drug discovery. Nonetheless, the characterization and interrogation of these tissue-like structures pose major challenges on the conventional analytical methods, pushing the development of spatially-resolved technologies. Herein, we review recent advances and pioneering technologies suitable for the interrogation of multicellular 3D models, while capable of retaining biological spatial information. We focused on imaging technologies and omics tools, namely transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics. The advantages and shortcomings of these novel methodologies are discussed, alongside the opportunities to intertwine data from the different tools.
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Nousi A, Søgaard MT, Audoin M, Jauffred L. Single-cell tracking reveals super-spreading brain cancer cells with high persistence. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 28:101120. [PMID: 34541340 PMCID: PMC8435994 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is a fundamental characteristic of vital processes such as tissue morphogenesis, wound healing and immune cell homing to lymph nodes and inflamed or infected sites. Therefore, various brain defect diseases, chronic inflammatory diseases as well as tumor formation and metastasis are associated with aberrant or absent cell migration. We embedded multicellular brain cancer spheroids in Matrigel™ and utilized single-particle tracking to extract the paths of cells migrating away from the spheroids. We found that - in contrast to local invasion - single cell migration is independent of Matrigel™ concentration and is characterized by high directionality and persistence. Furthermore, we identified a subpopulation of super-spreading cells with >200-fold longer persistence times than the majority of cells. These results highlight yet another aspect of cell heterogeneity in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Tangen Søgaard
- The Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100, Copenhagen O, Denmark
| | | | - Liselotte Jauffred
- The Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100, Copenhagen O, Denmark
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Signore M, Alfonsi R, Federici G, Nanni S, Addario A, Bertuccini L, Aiello A, Di Pace AL, Sperduti I, Muto G, Giacobbe A, Collura D, Brunetto L, Simone G, Costantini M, Crinò L, Rossi S, Tabolacci C, Diociaiuti M, Merlino T, Gallucci M, Sentinelli S, Papalia R, De Maria R, Bonci D. Diagnostic and prognostic potential of the proteomic profiling of serum-derived extracellular vesicles in prostate cancer. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:636. [PMID: 34155195 PMCID: PMC8215487 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03909-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their cargo represent an intriguing source of cancer biomarkers for developing robust and sensitive molecular tests by liquid biopsy. Prostate cancer (PCa) is still one of the most frequent and deadly tumor in men and analysis of EVs from biological fluids of PCa patients has proven the feasibility and the unprecedented potential of such an approach. Here, we exploited an antibody-based proteomic technology, i.e. the Reverse-Phase Protein microArrays (RPPA), to measure key antigens and activated signaling in EVs isolated from sera of PCa patients. Notably, we found tumor-specific protein profiles associated with clinical settings as well as candidate markers for EV-based tumor diagnosis. Among others, PD-L1, ERG, Integrin-β5, Survivin, TGF-β, phosphorylated-TSC2 as well as partners of the MAP-kinase and mTOR pathways emerged as differentially expressed endpoints in tumor-derived EVs. In addition, the retrospective analysis of EVs from a 15-year follow-up cohort generated a protein signature with prognostic significance. Our results confirm that serum-derived EV cargo may be exploited to improve the current diagnostic procedures while providing potential prognostic and predictive information. The approach proposed here has been already applied to tumor entities other than PCa, thus proving its value in translational medicine and paving the way to innovative, clinically meaningful tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Signore
- RPPA Unit, Proteomics Area, Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Romina Alfonsi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Simona Nanni
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Addario
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Bertuccini
- RPPA Unit, Proteomics Area, Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Aurora Aiello
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Laura Di Pace
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Muto
- Department of Urology, Humanitas University, Turin, Italy.,Department of Urology, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giacobbe
- Department of Urology, Humanitas University, Turin, Italy.,Department of Urology, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Devis Collura
- Department of Urology, Humanitas University, Turin, Italy.,Department of Urology, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Lidia Brunetto
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Simone
- Department of Urology-IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Costantini
- Department of Urology-IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucio Crinò
- Department of Oncology, IRST-Meldola, Meldola, Italy
| | - Stefania Rossi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Tabolacci
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Diociaiuti
- Department of Rare Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Tania Merlino
- IRCCS, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Gallucci
- Department of Urology-IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Urology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Ruggero De Maria
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Désirée Bonci
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy. .,IRCCS, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
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12
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Guo Y, Hu B, Fu B, Zhu H. Atovaquone at clinically relevant concentration overcomes chemoresistance in ovarian cancer via inhibiting mitochondrial respiration. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 224:153529. [PMID: 34174549 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The poor outcomes in ovarian cancer necessitate new treatments. Strategies to interfere with oxidative phosphorylation have been recently highlighted for the treatment of ovarian tumors. Atovaquone, an approved antimicrobial drug, has demonstrated anti-cancer potential and ability in disrupting mitochondrial function. Here, we investigated the efficacy of atovaquone as single drug and its combination with cisplatin in ovarian cancer. We show that atovaquone at clinically achievable concentrations is active against ovarian cancer bulky and stem-cell like cells via inhibiting growth and colony formation, and inducing caspase-dependent apoptosis. In contrast, atovaquone either does not or inhibits normal cells in a less extent than in ovarian cancer cells. Mechanism studies using multiple independent approaches demonstrate that atovaquone acts on ovarian cancer cells via decreasing mitochondrial complex III which results in mitochondrial respiration inhibition, energy reduction and oxidative stress. In line with in vitro findings, atovaquone alone at non-toxic dose is effective in inhibiting ovarian cancer growth in vivo, and its combination with cisplatin is synergistic. Our study suggests that atovaquone is a promising candidate to the treatment of ovarian cancer. Our work also supports the notion that mitochondrial respiration is a therapeutic target in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Guo
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Bingbing Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China.
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China.
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13
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Nowzari F, Wang H, Khoradmehr A, Baghban M, Baghban N, Arandian A, Muhaddesi M, Nabipour I, Zibaii MI, Najarasl M, Taheri P, Latifi H, Tamadon A. Three-Dimensional Imaging in Stem Cell-Based Researches. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:657525. [PMID: 33937378 PMCID: PMC8079735 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.657525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have an important role in regenerative therapies, developmental biology studies and drug screening. Basic and translational research in stem cell technology needs more detailed imaging techniques. The possibility of cell-based therapeutic strategies has been validated in the stem cell field over recent years, a more detailed characterization of the properties of stem cells is needed for connectomics of large assemblies and structural analyses of these cells. The aim of stem cell imaging is the characterization of differentiation state, cellular function, purity and cell location. Recent progress in stem cell imaging field has included ultrasound-based technique to study living stem cells and florescence microscopy-based technique to investigate stem cell three-dimensional (3D) structures. Here, we summarized the fundamental characteristics of stem cells via 3D imaging methods and also discussed the emerging literatures on 3D imaging in stem cell research and the applications of both classical 2D imaging techniques and 3D methods on stem cells biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariborz Nowzari
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Huimei Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Arezoo Khoradmehr
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mandana Baghban
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Neda Baghban
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Alireza Arandian
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Muhaddesi
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Iraj Nabipour
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mohammad I. Zibaii
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Najarasl
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Taheri
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Latifi
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Tamadon
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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14
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Kannan S, Lee M, Muthusamy S, Blasiak A, Sriram G, Cao T. Peripheral sensory neurons promote angiogenesis in neurovascular models derived from hESCs. Stem Cell Res 2021; 52:102231. [PMID: 33601097 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the adult tissues, blood vessels traverse the body with neurons side by side; and share common signaling molecules. Developmental studies on animal models have shown that peripheral sensory neurons (PSNs) secrete angiogenic factors and endothelial cells (ECs) secrete neurotrophic factors which contribute to their coexistence, thereby forming the peripheral neurovascular (PNV) unit. Despite the large number of studies showing that innervation and vascularization complement each other, the interaction between human PSNs and ECs is still largely unknown. To study this interaction and to evaluate if PSNs affect angiogenesis, we derived both PSNs and ECs from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and developed a co-culture system. Seeding the two cell types together showed that PSNs induced endothelial morphogenesis with formation of vessel-like structures (VLSs). The PSN precursors, neural crest stem cells also induced VLS formation in the co-culture system; however, to a lesser extent. This sheds new light on the in vitro angiogenic potential of these cell types. PSNs derived from hESCs are powerful tools for studying development and disease as human PSNs are inaccessible for in vitro assays. Our novel approach, with optimized media condition allowed for integrating hESC-derived PSNs with hESC-derived ECs in three-dimensional (3D) collagen gel for creating a completely humanised PNV model. This preliminary model showed that innervation improves the development of vascularized channels in vitro, and provides insight to the development of innervated 3D models in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathya Kannan
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marcus Lee
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Agata Blasiak
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gopu Sriram
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Centre for Additive Manufacturing (AM.NUS), National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Tong Cao
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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15
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Daunys S, Janonienė A, Januškevičienė I, Paškevičiūtė M, Petrikaitė V. 3D Tumor Spheroid Models for In Vitro Therapeutic Screening of Nanoparticles. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1295:243-270. [PMID: 33543463 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-58174-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The anticancer activity of compounds and nanoparticles is most often determined in the cell monolayer. However, three-dimensional (3D) systems, such as tumor spheroids, are more representing the natural tumor microenvironment. They have been shown to have higher invasiveness and resistance to cytotoxic agents and radiotherapy compared to cells growing in 2D monolayer. Furthermore, to improve the prediction of clinical efficacy of drugs, in the past decades, even more sophisticated systems, such as multicellular 3D cultures, closely representing natural tumor microenvironment have been developed. Those cultures are formed from either cell lines or patient-derived tumor cells. Such models are very attractive and could improve the selection of tested materials for clinical trials avoiding unnecessary expensive tests in vivo. The microenvironment in tumor spheroids is different, and those differences or the interaction between several cell populations may contribute to different tumor response to the treatment. Also, different types of nanoparticles may have different behavior in 3D models, depending on their nature, physicochemical properties, the presence of targeting ligands on the surface, etc. Therefore, it is very important to understand in which cases which type of tumor spheroid is more suitable for testing specific types of nanoparticles, which conditions should be used, and which analytical method should be applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonas Daunys
- Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Agnė Janonienė
- Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Indrė Januškevičienė
- Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Miglė Paškevičiūtė
- Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Petrikaitė
- Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
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16
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Van Zundert I, Fortuni B, Rocha S. From 2D to 3D Cancer Cell Models-The Enigmas of Drug Delivery Research. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2236. [PMID: 33187231 PMCID: PMC7696259 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, research has made impressive breakthroughs towards drug delivery systems, resulting in a wide range of multifunctional engineered nanoparticles with biomedical applications such as cancer therapy. Despite these significant advances, well-designed nanoparticles rarely reach the clinical stage. Promising results obtained in standard 2D cell culture systems often turn into disappointing outcomes in in vivo models. Although the overall majority of in vitro nanoparticle research is still performed on 2D monolayer cultures, more and more researchers started acknowledging the importance of using 3D cell culture systems, as better models for mimicking the in vivo tumor physiology. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the 3D cancer cell models currently available. We highlight their potential as a platform for drug delivery studies and pinpoint the challenges associated with their use. We discuss in which way each 3D model mimics the in vivo tumor physiology, how they can or have been used in nanomedicine research and to what extent the results obtained so far affect the progress of nanomedicine development. It is of note that the global scientific output associated with 3D models is limited, showing that the use of these systems in nanomedicine investigation is still highly challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatrice Fortuni
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Chemistry Department, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium;
| | - Susana Rocha
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Chemistry Department, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium;
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17
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Zong X, Wang W, Ozes A, Fang F, Sandusky GE, Nephew KP. EZH2-Mediated Downregulation of the Tumor Suppressor DAB2IP Maintains Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells. Cancer Res 2020; 80:4371-4385. [PMID: 32816909 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The majority of women diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer eventually develop recurrence, which rapidly evolves into chemoresistant disease. Persistence of ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSC) at the end of therapy may be responsible for emergence of resistant tumors. In this study, we demonstrate that in OCSC, the tumor suppressor disabled homolog 2-interacting protein (DAB2IP) is silenced by EZH2-mediated H3K27 trimethylation of the DAB2IP promoter. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of DAB2IP in epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines upregulated expression of stemness-related genes and induced conversion of non-CSC to CSC, while enforced expression of DAB2IP suppressed CSC properties. Transcriptomic analysis showed that overexpression of DAB2IP in ovarian cancer significantly altered stemness-associated genes and bioinformatic analysis revealed WNT signaling as a dominant pathway mediating the CSC inhibitory effect of DAB2IP. Specifically, DAB2IP inhibited WNT signaling via downregulation of WNT5B, an important stemness inducer. Reverse phase protein array further demonstrated activation of noncanonical WNT signaling via C-JUN as a downstream target of WNT5B, which was blocked by inhibiting RAC1, a prominent regulator of C-JUN activation. Coadministration of EZH2 inhibitor GSK126 and RAC1 inhibitor NSC23766 suppressed OCSC survival in vitro and inhibited tumor growth and increased platinum sensitivity in vivo. Overall, these data establish that DAB2IP suppresses the cancer stem cell phenotype via inhibition of WNT5B-induced activation of C-JUN and can be epigenetically silenced by EZH2 in OCSC. Targeting the EZH2/DAB2IP/C-JUN axis therefore presents a promising strategy to prevent ovarian cancer recurrence and has potential for clinical translation. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings show that combining an epigenetic therapy with a noncanonical WNT signaling pathway inhibitor has the potential to eradicate ovarian cancer stem cells and to prevent ovarian cancer recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyue Zong
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Weini Wang
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Ali Ozes
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Fang Fang
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - George E Sandusky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kenneth P Nephew
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana. .,Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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18
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Mardhian DF, Vrynas A, Storm G, Bansal R, Prakash J. FGF2 engineered SPIONs attenuate tumor stroma and potentiate the effect of chemotherapy in 3D heterospheroidal model of pancreatic tumor. Nanotheranostics 2020; 4:26-39. [PMID: 31911892 PMCID: PMC6940204 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.38092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), characterized with abundant tumor stroma, is a highly malignant tumor with poor prognosis. The tumor stroma largely consists of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and extracellular matrix (ECM), and is known to promote tumor growth and progression as well as acts as a barrier to chemotherapy. Inhibition of tumor stroma is highly crucial to induce the effect of chemotherapy. In this study, we delivered fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) to human pancreatic stellate cells (hPSCs), the precursors of CAFs, using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). FGF2 was covalently conjugated to functionalized PEGylated dextran-coated SPIONs. FGF2-SPIONs significantly reduced TGF-β induced hPSCs differentiation (α-SMA and collagen-1 expression) by inhibiting pSmad2/3 signaling and inducing ERK1/2 activity, as shown with western blot analysis. Then, we established a stroma-rich self-assembling 3D heterospheroid model by co-culturing PANC-1 and hPSCs in 3D environment. We found that FGF2-SPIONs treatment alone inhibited the tumor stroma-induced spheroid growth. In addition, they also potentiated the effect of gemcitabine, as shown by measuring the spheroid size and ATP content. These effects were attributed to the reduced expression of the hPSC activation and differentiation marker, α-SMA. Furthermore, to demonstrate an application of SPIONs, we applied an external magnetic field to spheroids while incubated with FGF2-SPIONs. This resulted in an enhanced effect of gemcitabine in our 3D model. In conclusion, this study presents a novel approach to target FGF2 to tumor stroma using SPIONs and thereby enhancing the effect of gemcitabine as demonstrated in the complex 3D tumor spheroid model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deby Fajar Mardhian
- Targeted Therapeutics, Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Aggelos Vrynas
- Targeted Therapeutics, Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Storm
- Targeted Therapeutics, Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- Targeted Therapeutics, Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jai Prakash
- Targeted Therapeutics, Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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19
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Grüner B, Brynda J, Das V, Šícha V, Štěpánková J, Nekvinda J, Holub J, Pospíšilová K, Fábry M, Pachl P, Král V, Kugler M, Mašek V, Medvedíková M, Matějková S, Nová A, Lišková B, Gurská S, Džubák P, Hajdúch M, Řezáčová P. Metallacarborane Sulfamides: Unconventional, Specific, and Highly Selective Inhibitors of Carbonic Anhydrase IX. J Med Chem 2019; 62:9560-9575. [PMID: 31568723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a transmembrane enzyme that regulates pH in hypoxic tumors and promotes tumor cell survival. Its expression is associated with the occurrence of metastases and poor prognosis. Here, we present nine derivatives of the cobalt bis(dicarbollide)(1-) anion substituted at the boron or carbon sites by alkysulfamide group(s) as highly specific and selective inhibitors of CAIX. Interactions of these compounds with the active site of CAIX were explored on the atomic level using protein crystallography. Two selected derivatives display subnanomolar or picomolar inhibition constants and high selectivity for the tumor-specific CAIX over cytosolic isoform CAII. Both derivatives had a time-dependent effect on the growth of multicellular spheroids of HT-29 and HCT116 colorectal cancer cells, facilitated penetration and/or accumulation of doxorubicin into spheroids, and displayed low toxicity and showed promising pharmacokinetics and a significant inhibitory effect on tumor growth in syngenic breast 4T1 and colorectal HT-29 cancer xenotransplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohumír Grüner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , 250 68 Řež , Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Brynda
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 16610 Prague , Czech Republic.,Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nam. 2 , 16610 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Viswanath Das
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine , Olomouc, Hněvotínská 1333/5 , 77900 Olomouc , Czech Republic.,Cancer Research Czech Republic , Hněvotínská 5 , 77900 Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Václav Šícha
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , 250 68 Řež , Czech Republic
| | - Jana Štěpánková
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine , Olomouc, Hněvotínská 1333/5 , 77900 Olomouc , Czech Republic.,Cancer Research Czech Republic , Hněvotínská 5 , 77900 Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Jan Nekvinda
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , 250 68 Řež , Czech Republic.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science , Charles University , Hlavova 2030 , 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Holub
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , 250 68 Řež , Czech Republic
| | - Klára Pospíšilová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 16610 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Milan Fábry
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nam. 2 , 16610 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pachl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 16610 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Vlastimil Král
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nam. 2 , 16610 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Michael Kugler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 16610 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Vlastimil Mašek
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine , Olomouc, Hněvotínská 1333/5 , 77900 Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Martina Medvedíková
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine , Olomouc, Hněvotínská 1333/5 , 77900 Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Stanislava Matějková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 16610 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Alice Nová
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine , Olomouc, Hněvotínská 1333/5 , 77900 Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Lišková
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine , Olomouc, Hněvotínská 1333/5 , 77900 Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Gurská
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine , Olomouc, Hněvotínská 1333/5 , 77900 Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Petr Džubák
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine , Olomouc, Hněvotínská 1333/5 , 77900 Olomouc , Czech Republic.,Cancer Research Czech Republic , Hněvotínská 5 , 77900 Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Marián Hajdúch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine , Olomouc, Hněvotínská 1333/5 , 77900 Olomouc , Czech Republic.,Cancer Research Czech Republic , Hněvotínská 5 , 77900 Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Řezáčová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 16610 Prague , Czech Republic.,Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nam. 2 , 16610 Prague , Czech Republic
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20
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Cutrona MB, Simpson JC. A High-Throughput Automated Confocal Microscopy Platform for Quantitative Phenotyping of Nanoparticle Uptake and Transport in Spheroids. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1902033. [PMID: 31334922 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
There is a high demand for advanced, image-based, automated high-content screening (HCS) approaches to facilitate phenotypic screening in 3D cell culture models. A major challenge lies in retaining the resolution of fine cellular detail but at the same time imaging multicellular structures at a large scale. In this study, a confocal microscopy-based HCS platform in optical multiwell plates that enables the quantitative morphological profiling of populations of nonuniform spheroids obtained from HT-29 human colorectal cancer cells is described. This platform is then utilized to demonstrate a quantitative dissection of the penetration of synthetic nanoparticles (NP) in multicellular 3D spheroids at multiple levels of scale. A pilot RNA interference-based screening validates this methodology and identifies a subset of RAB GTPases that regulate NP trafficking in these spheroids. This technology is suitable for high-content phenotyping in 3D cell-based screening, providing a framework for nanomedicine drug development as applied to translational oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell B Cutrona
- School of Biology and Environmental Science & Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin (UCD), D04 N2E5, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Galway, H91 W2TY, Ireland
| | - Jeremy C Simpson
- School of Biology and Environmental Science & Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin (UCD), D04 N2E5, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Galway, H91 W2TY, Ireland
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21
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Targeting the mDia Formin-Assembled Cytoskeleton Is an Effective Anti-Invasion Strategy in Adult High-Grade Glioma Patient-Derived Neurospheres. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030392. [PMID: 30897774 PMCID: PMC6468841 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High-grade glioma (HGG, WHO Grade III–IV) accounts for the majority of adult primary malignant brain tumors. Failure of current therapies to target invasive glioma cells partly explains the minimal survival advantages: invasive tumors lack easily-defined surgical margins, and are inherently more chemo- and radioresistant. Much work centers upon Rho GTPase-mediated glioma invasion, yet downstream Rho effector roles are poorly understood and represent potential therapeutic targets. The roles for the mammalian Diaphanous (mDia)-related formin family of Rho effectors have emerged in invasive/metastatic disease. mDias assemble linear F-actin to promote protrusive cytoskeletal structures underlying tumor cell invasion. Small molecule mDia intramimic (IMM) agonists induced mDia functional activities including F-actin polymerization. mDia agonism inhibited polarized migration in Glioblastoma (WHO Grade IV) cells in three-dimensional (3D) in vitro and rat brain slice models. Here, we evaluate whether clinically-relevant high-grade glioma patient-derived neuro-sphere invasion is sensitive to formin agonism. Surgical HGG samples were dissociated, briefly grown as monolayers, and spontaneously formed non-adherent neuro-spheres. IMM treatment dramatically inhibited HGG patient neuro-sphere invasion, both at neuro-sphere embedding and mid-invasion assay, inducing an amoeboid morphology in neuro-sphere edge cells, while inhibiting actin- and tubulin-enriched tumor microtube formation. Thus, mDia agonism effectively disrupts multiple aspects of patient-derived HGG neuro-sphere invasion.
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22
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Li D, Hallack A, Cleveland RO, Jérusalem A. 3D multicellular model of shock wave-cell interaction. Acta Biomater 2018; 77:282-291. [PMID: 29723703 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the interaction between shock waves and tissue is critical for advancing the use of shock waves for medical applications, such as cancer therapy. This work aims to study shock wave-cell interaction in a more realistic environment, relevant to in vitro and in vivo studies, by using 3D computational models of healthy and cancerous cells. The results indicate that for a single cell embedded in an extracellular environment, the cellular geometry does not influence significantly the membrane strain but does influence the von Mises stress. On the contrary, the presence of neighbouring cells has a strong effect on the cell response, by increasing fourfold both quantities. The membrane strain response of a cell converges with more than three neighbouring cell layers, indicating that a cluster of four layers of cells is sufficient to model the membrane strain in a large domain of tissue. However, a full 3D tissue model is needed if the stress evaluation is of main interest. A tumour mimicking multicellular spheroid model is also proposed to study mutual interaction between healthy and cancer cells and shows that cancer cells can be specifically targeted in an early stage tumour-mimicking environment. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This work presents 3D computational models of shock-wave/cell interaction in a biophysically realistic environment using real cell morphology in tissue-mimicking phantoms and multicellular spheroids. Results show that cell morphology does not strongly influence the membrane strain but influences the von Mises stress. While the presence of neighbouring cells significantly increases the cell response, four cell layers are enough to capture the membrane strain change in tissue. However, a full tissue model is necessary if accurate stress analysis is needed. The work also shows that cancer cells can be specifically targeted in early stage tumour mimicking environment. This work is a step towards realistic modelling of shock-wave/cell interactions in tissues and provides insight on the use of 3D models for different scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Li
- University of Oxford, Department of Engineering Science, Parks Rd., Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK.
| | - Andre Hallack
- University of Oxford, Department of Engineering Science, Parks Rd., Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - Robin O Cleveland
- University of Oxford, Department of Engineering Science, Parks Rd., Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK.
| | - Antoine Jérusalem
- University of Oxford, Department of Engineering Science, Parks Rd., Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK.
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23
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Lichner Z, Saleeb R, Butz H, Ding Q, Nofech-Mozes R, Riad S, Farag M, Varkouhi AK, Dos Santos CC, Kapus A, Yousef GM. Sunitinib induces early histomolecular changes in a subset of renal cancer cells that contribute to resistance. FASEB J 2018; 33:1347-1359. [PMID: 30148679 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800596r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sunitinib is the standard-of-care, first-line treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Characteristics of treatment-resistant RCC have been described; however, complex tumor adaptation mechanisms obstruct the identification of significant operators in resistance. We hypothesized that resistance is a late manifestation of early, treatment-induced histomolecular alterations; therefore, studying early drug response may identify drivers of resistance. We describe an epithelioid RCC growth pattern in RCC xenografts, which emerges in sunitinib-sensitive tumors and is augmented during resistance. This growth modality is molecularly and morphologically related to the RCC spheroids that advance during in vitro treatment. Based on time-lapse microscopy, mRNA and microRNA screening, and tumor behavior-related characteristics, we propose that the spheroid and adherent RCC growth patterns differentially respond to sunitinib. Gene expression analysis indicated that sunitinib promoted spheroid formation, which provided a selective survival advantage under treatment. Functional studies confirm that E-cadherin is a key contributor to the survival of RCC cells under sunitinib treatment. In summary, we suggest that sunitinib-resistant RCC cells exist in treatment-sensitive tumors and are histologically identifiable.-Lichner, Z., Saleeb, R., Butz, H., Ding, Q., Nofech-Mozes, R., Riad, S., Farag, M., Varkouhi, A. K., dos Santos, C. C., Kapus, A., Yousef, G. M. Sunitinib induces early histomolecular changes in a subset of renal cancer cells that contribute to resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Lichner
- The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rola Saleeb
- The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Henriett Butz
- The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University (HAS-SE), Budapest, Hungary
| | - Qiang Ding
- The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roy Nofech-Mozes
- The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara Riad
- The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mina Farag
- The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amir K Varkouhi
- The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Viral Vector and Cell Therapy Core (VICTOR), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claudia C Dos Santos
- The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Viral Vector and Cell Therapy Core (VICTOR), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - András Kapus
- The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - George M Yousef
- The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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24
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Ouyang X, Barling A, Lesch A, Tyner JW, Choonoo G, Zheng C, Jeng S, West TM, Clayburgh D, Courtneidge SA, McWeeney SK, Kulesz-Martin M. Induction of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) as a novel mechanism of EGFR inhibitor resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patient-derived models. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 19:921-933. [PMID: 29856687 PMCID: PMC6300392 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1451285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) currently only has one FDA-approved cancer intrinsic targeted therapy, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor cetuximab, to which only approximately 10% of tumors are sensitive. In order to extend therapy options, we subjected patient-derived HNSCC cells to small-molecule inhibitor and siRNA screens, first, to find effective combination therapies with an EGFR inhibitor, and second, to determine a potential mechanistic basis for repurposing the FDA approved agents for HNSCC. The combinations of EGFR inhibitor with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors demonstrated synergy at the highest ratio in our cohort, 4/8 HNSCC patients' derived tumor cells, and this corresponded with an effectiveness of siRNA targeting ALK combined with the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib. Co-targeting EGFR and ALK decreased HNSCC cell number and colony formation ability and increased annexin V staining. Because ALK expression is low and ALK fusions are infrequent in HNSCC, we hypothesized that gefitinib treatment could induce ALK expression. We show that ALK expression was induced in HNSCC patient-derived cells both in 2D and 3D patient-derived cell culture models, and in patient-derived xenografts in mice. Four different ALK inhibitors, including two (ceritinib and brigatinib) FDA approved for lung cancer, were effective in combination with gefitinib. Together, we identified induction of ALK by EGFR inhibitor as a novel mechanism potentially relevant to resistance to EGFR inhibitor, a high ratio of response of HNSCC patient-derived tumor cells to a combination of ALK and EGFR inhibitors, and applicability of repurposing ALK inhibitors to HNSCC that lack ALK aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Ouyang
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, Oregon
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, Oregon
| | - Ashley Barling
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, Oregon
| | - Aletha Lesch
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, Oregon
| | - Jeffrey W. Tyner
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, Oregon
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, Oregon
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, Oregon
| | - Gabrielle Choonoo
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics & Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, Oregon
| | - Christina Zheng
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics & Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, Oregon
| | - Sophia Jeng
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics & Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, Oregon
| | - Toni M. West
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, 451 Health Science Dr., Davis, California
| | - Daniel Clayburgh
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, Oregon
- Operative Care Division, Portland VA Health Care System, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, Oregon
| | - Sara A. Courtneidge
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, Oregon
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, Oregon
| | - Shannon K. McWeeney
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics & Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, Oregon
| | - Molly Kulesz-Martin
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, Oregon
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, Oregon
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25
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Pérez-Treviño P, la Cerda HHD, Pérez-Treviño J, Fajardo-Ramírez OR, García N, Altamirano J. 3D Imaging Detection of HER2 Based in the Use of Novel Affibody-Quantum Dots Probes and Ratiometric Analysis. Transl Oncol 2018; 11:672-685. [PMID: 29627705 PMCID: PMC6053773 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with breast cancer (BC) overexpressing HER2 (HER2+) are selected for Trastuzumab treatment, which blocks HER2 and improves cancer prognosis. However, HER2+ diagnosis, by the gold standard, immunohistochemistry, could lead to errors, associated to: a) variability in sample manipulation (thin 2D sections), b) use of subjective algorithms, and c) heterogeneity of HER2 expression within the tissue. Therefore, we explored HER2 3D detection by multiplexed imaging of Affibody-Quantum Dots conjugates (Aff-QD), ratiometric analysis (RMAFI) and thresholding, using BC multicellular tumor spheroids (BC-MTS) (~120 μm of diameter) as 3D model of BC. HER2+, HER2- and hybrid HER2+/- BC-MTS (mimicking heterogeneous tissue) were incubated simultaneously with two Aff-QD probes (anti-HER2 and negative control (NC), respectively, (1:1)). Confocal XY sections were recorded along the Z distance, and processed by automatized RMAFI (anti-HER2 Aff-QD/ NC). Quantifying the NC fluorescence allowed to predict the fraction of non-specific accumulation of the anti-HER2 probe within the thick sample, and resolve the specific HER2 level. HER2 was detected up to 30μm within intact BC-MTS, however, permeabilization improved detection up to 70μm. Specific HER2 signal was objectively quantified, and HER2 3D-density of 9.2, 48.3 and 30.8% were obtained in HER2-, HER2+ and hybrid HER2+/- permeabilized BC-MTS, respectively. Therefore, by combining the multiplexing capacity of Aff-QD probes and RMAFI, we overcame the challenge of non-specific probe accumulation in 3D samples with minimal processing, yielding a fast, specific spatial HER2 detection and objective quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla Pérez-Treviño
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina, Av. Morones Prieto No. 3000 Pte., Monterrey, NL, Mexico, 64710
| | | | - Jorge Pérez-Treviño
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina, Av. Morones Prieto No. 3000 Pte., Monterrey, NL, Mexico, 64710
| | - Oscar Raúl Fajardo-Ramírez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina, Av. Morones Prieto No. 3000 Pte., Monterrey, NL, Mexico, 64710
| | - Noemí García
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina, Av. Morones Prieto No. 3000 Pte., Monterrey, NL, Mexico, 64710
| | - Julio Altamirano
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina, Av. Morones Prieto No. 3000 Pte., Monterrey, NL, Mexico, 64710.
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26
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Su YH, Lin TY, Liu HJ, Chuang CK. A set of cancer stem cell homing peptides associating with the glycan moieties of glycosphingolipids. Oncotarget 2018; 9:20490-20507. [PMID: 29755667 PMCID: PMC5945507 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are currently believed to be involved in tumor metastasis and relapse. And treatments against CSCs are well concerned issues. Peptides targeting to mouse and human CSCs were screened from an M13 phage display library. The first subset of cancer stem cell homing peptides (CSC HPs), CSC HP-1 to -12, were screened with mouse EMT6 breast cancer stem cells. Among them, CSC HP-1, CSC HP-3, CSC HP-8, CSC HP-9, and CSC HP-10 can bind to mouse CT26 colon CSCs; CSC HP-1, CSC HP-2, CSC HP-3, and CSC HP-8 can bind to mouse Hepa1-6 liver CSCs; as well as CSC HP-1, CSC HP-2, CSC HP-3, CSC HP-8, CSC HP-9, CSC HP-10, and CSC HP-11 can bind to human PANC-1 pancreatic CSCs. The second subset of cancer stem cell homing peptides, CSC HP-hP1 to -hP3, were screened with human PANC-1 pancreatic CSCs. Both CSC HP-hP1 and CSC HP-hP2 were demonstrated able to bind mouse EMT6, CT26 and Hepa1-6 CSCs as well as human colorectal HT29 and lung H1650 CSCs. CSC HP-1 and CSC HP-hP1 could strongly associate with the Globo 4 and Lewis Y glycan epitopes coupled on a microarray chip or Globo 4 and Globo H conjugated on bovine serum albumin. CSC HP-10, CSC HP-11 and CSC HP-hP2 could associate with the disialylated saccharide Neu5Ac-α-2,6-Gal-β-1,3-(Neu5Ac-α-2,6)-GalNAc coupled on a microarray chip. These results indicate that the CSC HPs may target to the known stem cell glycan markers GbH and Lewis Y as well as the disialylated saccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsiu Su
- Division of Biotechnology, Animal Technology Laboratories, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu City 30093, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Yun Lin
- Division of Biotechnology, Animal Technology Laboratories, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu City 30093, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jen Liu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Kai Chuang
- Division of Biotechnology, Animal Technology Laboratories, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu City 30093, Taiwan
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27
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Hosseini-Beheshti E, Choi W, Weiswald LB, Kharmate G, Ghaffari M, Roshan-Moniri M, Hassona MD, Chan L, Chin MY, Tai IT, Rennie PS, Fazli L, Tomlinson Guns ES. Exosomes confer pro-survival signals to alter the phenotype of prostate cells in their surrounding environment. Oncotarget 2018; 7:14639-58. [PMID: 26840259 PMCID: PMC4924741 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men. Current research on tumour-related extracellular vesicles (EVs) suggests that exosomes play a significant role in paracrine signaling pathways, thus potentially influencing cancer progression via multiple mechanisms. In fact, during the last decade numerous studies have revealed the role of EVs in the progression of various pathological conditions including cancer. Moreover, differences in the proteomic, lipidomic, and cholesterol content of exosomes derived from PCa cell lines versus benign prostate cell lines confirm that exosomes could be excellent biomarker candidates. As such, as part of an extensive proteomic analysis using LCMS we previously described a potential role of exosomes as biomarkers for PCa. Current evidence suggests that uptake of EV's into the local tumour microenvironment encouraging us to further examine the role of these vesicles in distinct mechanisms involved in the progression of PCa and castration resistant PCa. For the purpose of this study, we hypothesized that exosomes play a pivotal role in cell-cell communication in the local tumour microenvironment, conferring activation of numerous survival mechanisms during PCa progression and development of therapeutic resistance. Our in vitro results demonstrate that PCa derived exosomes significantly reduce apoptosis, increase cancer cell proliferation and induce cell migration in LNCaP and RWPE-1 cells. In conjunction with our in vitro findings, we have also demonstrated that exosomes increased tumor volume and serum PSA levels in vivo when xenograft bearing mice were administered DU145 cell derived exosomes intravenously. This research suggests that, regardless of androgen receptor phenotype, exosomes derived from PCa cells significantly enhance multiple mechanisms that contribute to PCa progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Hosseini-Beheshti
- Department of Experimental Medicine University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada.,The Vancouver Prostate Centre University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Wendy Choi
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Louis-Bastien Weiswald
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Geetanjali Kharmate
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Mazyar Ghaffari
- Department of Experimental Medicine University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada.,The Vancouver Prostate Centre University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Mani Roshan-Moniri
- Department of Experimental Medicine University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada.,The Vancouver Prostate Centre University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Mohamed D Hassona
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Leslie Chan
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Mei Yieng Chin
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Isabella T Tai
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Paul S Rennie
- Department of Urologic Sciences University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada.,The Vancouver Prostate Centre University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Ladan Fazli
- Department of Urologic Sciences University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada.,The Vancouver Prostate Centre University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Emma S Tomlinson Guns
- Department of Urologic Sciences University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada.,The Vancouver Prostate Centre University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada
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28
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Stadler M, Scherzer M, Walter S, Holzner S, Pudelko K, Riedl A, Unger C, Kramer N, Weil B, Neesen J, Hengstschläger M, Dolznig H. Exclusion from spheroid formation identifies loss of essential cell-cell adhesion molecules in colon cancer cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1151. [PMID: 29348601 PMCID: PMC5773514 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19384-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many cell lines derived from solid cancers can form spheroids, which recapitulate tumor cell clusters and are more representative of the in vivo situation than 2D cultures. During spheroid formation, a small proportion of a variety of different colon cancer cell lines did not integrate into the sphere and lost cell-cell adhesion properties. An enrichment protocol was developed to augment the proportion of these cells to 100% purity. The basis for the separation of spheroids from non-spheroid forming (NSF) cells is simple gravity-sedimentation. This protocol gives rise to sub-populations of colon cancer cells with stable loss of cell-cell adhesion. SW620 cells lacked E-cadherin, DLD-1 cells lost α-catenin and HCT116 cells lacked P-cadherin in the NSF state. Knockdown of these molecules in the corresponding spheroid-forming cells demonstrated that loss of the respective proteins were indeed responsible for the NSF phenotypes. Loss of the spheroid forming phenotype was associated with increased migration and invasion properties in all cell lines tested. Hence, we identified critical molecules involved in spheroid formation in different cancer cell lines. We present here a simple, powerful and broadly applicable method to generate new sublines of tumor cell lines to study loss of cell-cell adhesion in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Stadler
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 10, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.,Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Scherzer
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 10, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.,Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 1, 171 77, Solna, Sweden
| | - Stefanie Walter
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 10, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvio Holzner
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 10, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karoline Pudelko
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 10, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Riedl
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 10, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.,Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1130, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Unger
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 10, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina Kramer
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 10, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Beatrix Weil
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 10, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Neesen
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 10, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Hengstschläger
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 10, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Dolznig
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 10, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
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29
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Mehta P, Novak C, Raghavan S, Ward M, Mehta G. Self-Renewal and CSCs In Vitro Enrichment: Growth as Floating Spheres. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1692:61-75. [PMID: 28986887 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7401-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) are a vital component to the progression and reoccurrence of cancers, making them a primary target of study for both fundamental understanding of cancer biology and the development of effective and targeted treatments. CSCs reside in a complex 3D microenvironment, and the 3D spheroids are an indispensable tool in tumor biology due to their 3D structure and replication of the tumor microenvironment. Within this chapter the methodology for CSC isolation, suspension culture in hanging drop model, and characterization assays for CSC are described. First, the methodology for identifying and isolating CSCs from patient tumors, ascites, or cancer cell lines is described through the use of FACS analysis. Next, a detailed description of 3D hanging drop model for generating CSC spheroids is provided, followed by maintenance and monitoring techniques for extended 3D culture. Analysis methods are described for the quantification of CSC spheroid proliferation and viability tracking, throughout culture by on-plate alamarBlue fluorescence. Additional viability assays are described utilizing confocal microscopy with Live/Dead Viability/Cytotoxicity Kit. The characterization of CSCs populations within spheroids is described through FACS analysis. Further, an immunohistochemistry procedure is described for cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction assessment. Finally, several notes and tips for successful experiments with 3D CSC spheroids on the hanging drop model are provided. These methods are not only applicable to CSCs within a variety of tumor cell types, for not only understanding the fundamental tumor biology, but also for drug screening and development of preclinical chemotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Mehta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2800, USA
| | - Caymen Novak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2800, USA
| | - Shreya Raghavan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2800, USA
| | - Maria Ward
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2800, USA
| | - Geeta Mehta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2800, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2800, USA.
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex (NCRC), 2800 Plymouth Road, Building 28, Room 3044W, Ann Arbor, 48109-2800, MI, USA.
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30
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Mittler F, Obeïd P, Rulina AV, Haguet V, Gidrol X, Balakirev MY. High-Content Monitoring of Drug Effects in a 3D Spheroid Model. Front Oncol 2017; 7:293. [PMID: 29322028 PMCID: PMC5732143 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent decline in the discovery of novel medications challenges the widespread use of 2D monolayer cell assays in the drug discovery process. As a result, the need for more appropriate cellular models of human physiology and disease has renewed the interest in spheroid 3D culture as a pertinent model for drug screening. However, despite technological progress that has significantly simplified spheroid production and analysis, the seeming complexity of the 3D approach has delayed its adoption in many laboratories. The present report demonstrates that the use of a spheroid model may be straightforward and can provide information that is not directly available with a standard 2D approach. We describe a cost-efficient method that allows for the production of an array of uniform spheroids, their staining with vital dyes, real-time monitoring of drug effects, and an ATP-endpoint assay, all in the same 96-well U-bottom plate. To demonstrate the method performance, we analyzed the effect of the preclinical anticancer drug MLN4924 on spheroids formed by VCaP and LNCaP prostate cancer cells. The drug has different outcomes in these cell lines, varying from cell cycle arrest and protective dormancy to senescence and apoptosis. We demonstrate that by using high-content analysis of spheroid arrays, the effect of the drug can be described as a series of EC50 values that clearly dissect the cytostatic and cytotoxic drug actions. The method was further evaluated using four standard cancer chemotherapeutics with different mechanisms of action, and the effect of each drug is described as a unique multi-EC50 diagram. Once fully validated in a wider range of conditions, this method could be particularly valuable for phenotype-based drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia Obeïd
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, BIG, BGE, Grenoble, France
| | - Anastasia V. Rulina
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, BIG, BGE, Grenoble, France
- Université Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, INSERM, CNRS, CIRI, Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Haguet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, BIG, BGE, Grenoble, France
| | - Xavier Gidrol
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, BIG, BGE, Grenoble, France
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31
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Gheibi P, Zeng S, Son KJ, Vu T, Ma AH, Dall'Era MA, Yap SA, de Vere White RW, Pan CX, Revzin A. Microchamber Cultures of Bladder Cancer: A Platform for Characterizing Drug Responsiveness and Resistance in PDX and Primary Cancer Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12277. [PMID: 28947782 PMCID: PMC5612935 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12543-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision cancer medicine seeks to target the underlying genetic alterations of cancer; however, it has been challenging to use genetic profiles of individual patients in identifying the most appropriate anti-cancer drugs. This spurred the development of patient avatars; for example, patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) established in mice and used for drug exposure studies. However, PDXs are associated with high cost, long development time and low efficiency of engraftment. Herein we explored the use of microfluidic devices or microchambers as simple and low-cost means of maintaining bladder cancer cells over extended periods of times in order to study patterns of drug responsiveness and resistance. When placed into 75 µm tall microfluidic chambers, cancer cells grew as ellipsoids reaching millimeter-scale dimeters over the course of 30 days in culture. We cultured three PDX and three clinical patient specimens with 100% success rate. The turn-around time for a typical efficacy study using microchambers was less than 10 days. Importantly, PDX-derived ellipsoids in microchambers retained patterns of drug responsiveness and resistance observed in PDX mice and also exhibited in vivo-like heterogeneity of tumor responses. Overall, this study establishes microfluidic cultures of difficult-to-maintain primary cancer cells as a useful tool for precision cancer medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pantea Gheibi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Shuxiong Zeng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Kyung Jin Son
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Tam Vu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ai-Hong Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Marc A Dall'Era
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95817, USA
| | | | | | - Chong-Xian Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA. .,Department of Urology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Alexander Revzin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA. .,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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32
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Sart S, Tomasi RFX, Amselem G, Baroud CN. Multiscale cytometry and regulation of 3D cell cultures on a chip. Nat Commun 2017; 8:469. [PMID: 28883466 PMCID: PMC5589863 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00475-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional cell culture is emerging as a more relevant alternative to the traditional two-dimensional format. Yet the ability to perform cytometry at the single cell level on intact three-dimensional spheroids or together with temporal regulation of the cell microenvironment remains limited. Here we describe a microfluidic platform to perform high-density three-dimensional culture, controlled stimulation, and observation in a single chip. The method extends the capabilities of droplet microfluidics for performing long-term culture of adherent cells. Using arrays of 500 spheroids per chip, in situ immunocytochemistry and image analysis provide multiscale cytometry that we demonstrate at the population scale, on 104 single spheroids, and over 105 single cells, correlating functionality with cellular location within the spheroids. Also, an individual spheroid can be extracted for further analysis or culturing. This will enable a shift towards quantitative studies on three-dimensional cultures, under dynamic conditions, with implications for stem cells, organs-on-chips, or cancer research.3D cell culture is more relevant than the two-dimensional format, but methods for parallel analysis and temporal regulation of the microenvironment are limited. Here the authors develop a droplet microfluidics system to perform long-term culture of 3D spheroids, enabling multiscale cytometry of individual cells within the spheroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Sart
- Laboratory of Hydrodynamics (LadHyX)-Department of Mechanics, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS-UMR7646, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Raphaël F-X Tomasi
- Laboratory of Hydrodynamics (LadHyX)-Department of Mechanics, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS-UMR7646, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Gabriel Amselem
- Laboratory of Hydrodynamics (LadHyX)-Department of Mechanics, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS-UMR7646, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Charles N Baroud
- Laboratory of Hydrodynamics (LadHyX)-Department of Mechanics, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS-UMR7646, 91128, Palaiseau, France.
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Szabó Z, Héja L, Szalay G, Kékesi O, Füredi A, Szebényi K, Dobolyi Á, Orbán TI, Kolacsek O, Tompa T, Miskolczy Z, Biczók L, Rózsa B, Sarkadi B, Kardos J. Extensive astrocyte synchronization advances neuronal coupling in slow wave activity in vivo. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6018. [PMID: 28729692 PMCID: PMC5519671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Slow wave activity (SWA) is a characteristic brain oscillation in sleep and quiet wakefulness. Although the cell types contributing to SWA genesis are not yet identified, the principal role of neurons in the emergence of this essential cognitive mechanism has not been questioned. To address the possibility of astrocytic involvement in SWA, we used a transgenic rat line expressing a calcium sensitive fluorescent protein in both astrocytes and interneurons and simultaneously imaged astrocytic and neuronal activity in vivo. Here we demonstrate, for the first time, that the astrocyte network display synchronized recurrent activity in vivo coupled to UP states measured by field recording and neuronal calcium imaging. Furthermore, we present evidence that extensive synchronization of the astrocytic network precedes the spatial build-up of neuronal synchronization. The earlier extensive recruitment of astrocytes in the synchronized activity is reinforced by the observation that neurons surrounded by active astrocytes are more likely to join SWA, suggesting causality. Further supporting this notion, we demonstrate that blockade of astrocytic gap junctional communication or inhibition of astrocytic Ca2+ transients reduces the ratio of both astrocytes and neurons involved in SWA. These in vivo findings conclusively suggest a causal role of the astrocytic syncytium in SWA generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Szabó
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Héja
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gergely Szalay
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szigony 43, 1083, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Kékesi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Füredi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Wien, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090, Wien, Austria
| | - Kornélia Szebényi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Wien, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090, Wien, Austria
| | - Árpád Dobolyi
- MTA-ELTE Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1C, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás I Orbán
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Kolacsek
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Tompa
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szigony 43, 1083, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsombor Miskolczy
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Biczók
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Rózsa
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szigony 43, 1083, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Sarkadi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Julianna Kardos
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
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Tyagi A, Vishnoi K, Kaur H, Srivastava Y, Roy BG, Das BC, Bharti AC. Cervical cancer stem cells manifest radioresistance: Association with upregulated AP-1 activity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4781. [PMID: 28684765 PMCID: PMC5500478 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05162-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor AP-1 plays a central role in HPV-mediated cervical carcinogenesis. AP-1 has also been implicated in chemo-radio-resistance but the mechanism(s) remained unexplored. In the present study, cervical cancer stem-like cells (CaCxSLCs) isolated and enriched from cervical cancer cell lines SiHa and C33a demonstrated an elevated AP-1 DNA-binding activity in comparison to non-stem cervical cancer cells. Upon UV-irradiation, CaCxSLCs showed a UV exposure duration-dependent higher proliferation and highly increased AP-1 activity whereas it was completely abolished in non-stem cancer cells. CaCxSLCs also showed differential overexpression of c-Fos and c-Jun at transcript as well as in protein level. The loss of AP-1 activity and expression was accompanied by decrease in cell viability and proliferation in UV-irradiated non-stem cancer cells. Interestingly, CaCxSLCs treated with curcumin prior to UV-irradiation abolished AP-1 activity and a concomitant reduction in SP cells leading to abrogation of sphere forming ability, loss of proliferation, induction of apoptosis and the cells were poorly tumorigenic. The curcumin pre-treatment abolished the expression of c-Fos and c-Jun but upregulated Fra-1 expression in UV-irradiated CaCxSLCs. Thus, the study suggests a critical role of AP-1 protein in the manifestation of radioresistance but targeting with curcumin helps in radiosensitizing CaCxSLCs through upregulation of Fra-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Tyagi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, B.R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.,Division of Molecular Oncology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR), Noida, 201301, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Stem Cell and Cancer Research Lab, Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | - Kanchan Vishnoi
- Division of Molecular Oncology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR), Noida, 201301, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Harsimrut Kaur
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, B.R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Yogesh Srivastava
- Division of Molecular Oncology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR), Noida, 201301, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bal Gangadhar Roy
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research Development Organization, Delhi, 110 054, India
| | - Bhudev C Das
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, B.R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India. .,Stem Cell and Cancer Research Lab, Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India.
| | - Alok C Bharti
- Division of Molecular Oncology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR), Noida, 201301, Uttar Pradesh, India. .,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
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35
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Jiménez P, Chueca E, Arruebo M, Strunk M, Solanas E, Serrano T, García-González MA, Lanas Á. CD24 Expression Is Increased in 5-Fluorouracil-Treated Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Cells. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:321. [PMID: 28611669 PMCID: PMC5447731 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The cancer stem cell (CSC) model suggests that there are subsets of cells within a tumor with increased proliferation and self-renewal capacity, which play a key role in therapeutic resistance. The importance of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in carcinogenesis has been previously established and the use of COX-2 inhibitors as celecoxib has been shown to exert antitumor effects. The present study investigated whether treatment of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) cells with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or the growth of tumor spheres increased the proportion of CSCs and also if treatment with celecoxib was able to reduce the putative CSC markers in this tumor. OE19 and OE33 EAC cells surviving 5-FU exposure exhibited an increase in CSC markers CD24 and ABCG2 and also an increased resistance to apoptosis. EAC cell lines had the capacity to form multiple spheres displaying typical CSC functionalities such as self-renewal and increased CD24 levels. In addition, after the induction of differentiation, cancer cells reached levels of CD24 similar to those observed in the parental cells. Treatment with celecoxib alone or in combination with 5-FU also resulted in a reduction of CD24 expression. Moreover, celecoxib inhibited the growth of tumor spheres. These findings showing a reduction in CSC markers induced by celecoxib suggest that the COX-2 inhibitor might be a candidate for combined chemotherapy in the treatment of EAC. However, additional clinical and experimental studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo Chueca
- CIBERehdMadrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón)Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Arruebo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón)Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mark Strunk
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Aragón, IACS Aragón, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Servicio de Secuenciación y Genómica FuncionalZaragoza, Spain
| | - Estela Solanas
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón)Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Trinidad Serrano
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón)Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano BlesaZaragoza, Spain
| | - María A García-González
- CIBERehdMadrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón)Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS)Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ángel Lanas
- CIBERehdMadrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón)Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano BlesaZaragoza, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of ZaragozaZaragoza, Spain
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36
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Vazquez Rodriguez G, Abrahamsson A, Jensen LDE, Dabrosin C. Estradiol Promotes Breast Cancer Cell Migration via Recruitment and Activation of Neutrophils. Cancer Immunol Res 2017; 5:234-247. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-16-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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37
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Smyrek I, Stelzer EHK. Quantitative three-dimensional evaluation of immunofluorescence staining for large whole mount spheroids with light sheet microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:484-499. [PMID: 28270962 PMCID: PMC5330556 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.000484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional cell biology and histology of tissue sections strongly benefit from advanced light microscopy and optimized staining procedures to gather the full three-dimensional information. In particular, the combination of optical clearing with light sheet-based fluorescence microscopy simplifies fast high-quality imaging of thick biological specimens. However, verified in toto immunostaining protocols for large multicellular spheroids or for tissue sections have not been published. We present a method for the verification of immunostaining in three-dimensional spheroids. The analysis relies on three criteria to evaluate the immunostaining quality: quality of the antibody stain specificity, signal intensity achieved by the staining procedure and the correlation of the signal intensity with that of a homogeneously dispersed fluorescent dye. We optimized and investigated variations of five immunostaining protocols for three-dimensional cell biology. Our method is an important contribution to three-dimensional cell biology and the histology of tissues since it allows to evaluate the efficiency of immunostaining protocols for large three-dimensional specimens, and to study the distribution of protein expression and cell types within spheroids and spheroid-specific morphological structures without the need of physical sectioning.
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38
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Cain SA, Mularczyk EJ, Singh M, Massam-Wu T, Kielty CM. ADAMTS-10 and -6 differentially regulate cell-cell junctions and focal adhesions. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35956. [PMID: 27779234 PMCID: PMC5078793 DOI: 10.1038/srep35956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
ADAMTS10 and ADAMTS6 are homologous metalloproteinases with ill-defined roles. ADAMTS10 mutations cause Weill-Marchesani syndrome (WMS), implicating it in fibrillin microfibril biology since some fibrillin-1 mutations also cause WMS. However little is known about ADAMTS6 function. ADAMTS10 is resistant to furin cleavage, however we show that ADAMTS6 is effectively processed and active. Using siRNA, over-expression and mutagenesis, it was found ADAMTS6 inhibits and ADAMTS10 is required for focal adhesions, epithelial cell-cell junction formation, and microfibril deposition. Either knockdown of ADAMTS6, or disruption of its furin processing or catalytic sites restores focal adhesions, implicating its enzyme activity acts on targets in the focal adhesion complex. In ADAMTS10-depleted cultures, expression of syndecan-4 rescues focal adhesions and cell-cell junctions. Recombinant C-termini of ADAMTS10 and ADAMTS6, both of which induce focal adhesions, bind heparin and syndecan-4. However, cells overexpressing full-length ADAMTS6 lack heparan sulphate and focal adhesions, whilst depletion of ADAMTS6 induces a prominent glycocalyx. Thus ADAMTS10 and ADAMTS6 oppositely affect heparan sulphate-rich interfaces including focal adhesions. We previously showed that microfibril deposition requires fibronectin-induced focal adhesions, and cell-cell junctions in epithelial cultures. Here we reveal that ADAMTS6 causes a reduction in heparan sulphate-rich interfaces, and its expression is regulated by ADAMTS10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart A. Cain
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Ewa J. Mularczyk
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Mukti Singh
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Massam-Wu
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Cay M. Kielty
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
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Priwitaningrum DL, Blondé JBG, Sridhar A, van Baarlen J, Hennink WE, Storm G, Le Gac S, Prakash J. Tumor stroma-containing 3D spheroid arrays: A tool to study nanoparticle penetration. J Control Release 2016; 244:257-268. [PMID: 27616660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle penetration through tumor tissue after extravasation is considered as a key issue for tumor distribution and therapeutic effects. Most tumors possess abundant stroma, a fibrotic tissue composed of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and extracellular matrix (ECM), which acts as a barrier for nanoparticle penetration. There is however a lack of suitable in vitro systems to study the tumor stroma penetration of nanoparticles. In the present study, we developed and thoroughly characterized a 3D co-culture spheroidal array to mimic tumor stroma and investigated the penetration of silica and PLGA nanoparticles in these spheroids. First, we examined human breast tumor patient biopsies to characterize the content and organization of stroma and found a high expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA; 40% positive area) and collagen-1 (50% positive area). Next, we prepared homospheroids of 4T1 mouse breast cancer cells or 3T3 mouse fibroblasts alone as well as heterospheroids combining 3T3 and 4T1 cells in different ratios (1:1 and 5:1) using a microwell array platform. Confocal live imaging revealed that fibroblasts distributed and reorganized within 48h in heterospheroids. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining and gene expression analysis showed a proportional increase of α-SMA and collagen in heterospheroids with higher fibroblast ratios attaining 35% and 45% positive area at 5:1 (3T3:4T1) ratio, in a good match with the clinical breast tumor stroma. Subsequently, we studied the penetration of high and low negatively charged fluorescent silica nanoparticles (30nm; red and 100 or 70nm; green; zeta potential: -40mV and -20mV) and as well as Cy5-conjugated pegylated PLGA nanoparticles (200nm, -7mV) in both homo- and heterospheroid models. Fluorescent microscopy on spheroid cryosections after incubation with silica nanoparticles showed that 4T1 homospheroids allowed a high penetration of about 75-80% within 24h, with higher penetration in case of the 30nm nanoparticles. In contrast, spheroids with increasing fibroblast amounts significantly inhibited NP penetration. Silica nanoparticles with a less negative zeta potential exhibited lesser penetration compared to highly negative charged nanoparticles. Subsequently, similar experiments were conducted using Cy5-conjugated pegylated PLGA nanoparticles and confocal laser scanning microscopy; an increased nanoparticle penetration was found in 4T1 homospheroids until 48h, but significantly lower penetration in heterospheroids. Furthermore, we also developed human homospheroids (MDA-MB-231 or Panc-1 tumor cells) and heterospheroids (MDA-MB-231/BJ-hTert and Panc-1/pancreatic stellate cells) and performed silica nanoparticle (30 and 100nm) penetration studies. As a result, heterospheroids had significantly a lesser penetration of the nanoparticles compared to homospheroids. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that tumor stroma acts as a strong barrier for nanoparticle penetration. The 30-nm nanoparticles with low zeta potential favor deeper penetration. Furthermore, the herein proposed 3D co-culture platform that mimics the tumor stroma, is ideally suited to systematically investigate the factors influencing the penetration characteristics of newly developed nanomedicines to allow the design of nanoparticles with optimal penetration characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwi L Priwitaningrum
- Targeted Therapeutics, Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Baptiste G Blondé
- Applied Microfluidics for BioEngineering Research, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Adithya Sridhar
- Applied Microfluidics for BioEngineering Research, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Joop van Baarlen
- Laboratorium Pathologie Oost-Nederland (LabPON), Hengelo, The Netherlands
| | - Wim E Hennink
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Storm
- Targeted Therapeutics, Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Séverine Le Gac
- Applied Microfluidics for BioEngineering Research, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jai Prakash
- Targeted Therapeutics, Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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Atsumi S, Nosaka C, Adachi H, Kimura T, Kobayashi Y, Takada H, Watanabe T, Ohba SI, Inoue H, Kawada M, Shibasaki M, Shibuya M. New anti-cancer chemicals Ertredin and its derivatives, regulate oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis and suppress sphere formation in vitro and tumor growth in EGFRvIII-transformed cells. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:496. [PMID: 27431653 PMCID: PMC4949881 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2521-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND EGFRvIII is a mutant form of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR) that lacks exons 2-7. The resulting protein does not bind to ligands and is constitutively activated. The expression of EGFRvIII is likely confined to various types of cancer, particularly glioblastomas. Although an anti-EGFRvIII vaccine is of great interest, low-molecular-weight substances are needed to obtain better therapeutic efficacy. Thus, the purpose of this study is to identify low molecular weight substances that can suppress EGFRvIII-dependent transformation. METHODS We constructed a new throughput screening system and searched for substances that decreased cell survival of NIH3T3/EGFRvIII spheres under 3-dimensional (3D)-culture conditions, but retained normal NIH3T3 cell growth under 2D-culture conditions. In vivo activity was examined using a mouse transplantation model, and derivatives were chemically synthesized. Functional characterization of the candidate molecules was investigated using an EGFR kinase assay, immunoprecipitation, western blotting, microarray analysis, quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, and measurement of lactate and ATP synthesis. RESULTS In the course of screening 30,000 substances, a reagent, "Ertredin" was found to inhibit anchorage-independent 3D growth of sphere-forming cells transfected with EGFRvIII cDNA. Ertredin also inhibited sphere formation in cells expressing wild-type EGFR in the presence of EGF. However, it did not affect anchorage-dependent 2D growth of parental NIH3T3 cells. The 3D-growth-inhibitory activity of some derivatives, including those with new structures, was similar to Ertredin. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Ertredin suppressed tumor growth in an allograft transplantation mouse model injected with EGFRvIII- or wild-type EGFR-expressing cells; a clear toxicity to host animals was not observed. Functional characterization of Ertredin in cells expressing EGFRvIII indicated that it stimulated EGFRvIII ubiquitination, suppressed both oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis under 3D conditions, and promoted cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION We developed a high throughput screening method based on anchorage-independent sphere formation induced by EGFRvIII-dependent transformation. In the course of screening, we identified Ertredin, which inhibited anchorage-independent 3D growth and tumor formation in nude mice. Functional analysis suggests that Ertredin suppresses both mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and cytosolic glycolysis in addition to promoting EGFRvIII degradation, and stimulates apoptosis in sphere-forming, EGFRvIII-overexpressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonoko Atsumi
- Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, 141-0021, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Chisato Nosaka
- Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, 141-0021, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hayamitsu Adachi
- Numazu Branch, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Miyamoto, Numazu-shi, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kimura
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Takada
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Ohba
- Numazu Branch, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Miyamoto, Numazu-shi, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Inoue
- Numazu Branch, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Miyamoto, Numazu-shi, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Manabu Kawada
- Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, 141-0021, Tokyo, Japan.,Numazu Branch, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Miyamoto, Numazu-shi, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Shibasaki
- Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, 141-0021, Tokyo, Japan.,Numazu Branch, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Miyamoto, Numazu-shi, Shizuoka, Japan.,Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masabumi Shibuya
- Institute of Physiology and Medicine, Jobu University, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, Japan
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Anti-gastric cancer activity in three-dimensional tumor spheroids of bufadienolides. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24772. [PMID: 27098119 PMCID: PMC4838868 DOI: 10.1038/srep24772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicellular spheroids of cancer cells have been increasingly used to screen anti-tumor compounds, owing to their in vivo like microenvironment and structure as well as compatibility to high-throughput/high-content screening. Here we report the potency and efficacy of a family of bufadienolides to inhibit the growth of gastric cancer cell line HGC-27 in three-dimensional (3D) spheroidal models. Examining the morphological and growth patterns of several cell lines in round-bottomed ultra-low attachment microplate suggested that HGC-27 cells formed reproducibly multicellular spheroidal structures. Profiling of 15 natural bufadienolides isolated from toad skin indicated that 8 14-hydroxy bufadienolides displayed inhibitory activity of the growth of HGC-27 spheroids in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, compared to clinical drugs taxol and epirubicin, active bufadienolides were found to penetrate more effectively into the HGC-27 spheroids, but with a narrower effective concentration range and a shorter lasting inhibitory effect. Furthermore, compared to two-dimensional (2D) cell monolayer assays, active bufadienolides exhibited weaker efficacy and different potency in 3D spheroid model, demonstrating the great potential of 3D multicellular cell spheroid models in anti-cancer drug discovery and development.
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Nath S, Devi GR. Three-dimensional culture systems in cancer research: Focus on tumor spheroid model. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 163:94-108. [PMID: 27063403 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 518] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells propagated in three-dimensional (3D) culture systems exhibit physiologically relevant cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, gene expression and signaling pathway profiles, heterogeneity and structural complexity that reflect in vivo tumors. In recent years, development of various 3D models has improved the study of host-tumor interaction and use of high-throughput screening platforms for anti-cancer drug discovery and development. This review attempts to summarize the various 3D culture systems, with an emphasis on the most well characterized and widely applied model - multicellular tumor spheroids. This review also highlights the various techniques to generate tumor spheroids, methods to characterize them, and its applicability in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sritama Nath
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Gayathri R Devi
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Duke Cancer Institute, Women's Cancer Program, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
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Galateanu B, Hudita A, Negrei C, Ion RM, Costache M, Stan M, Nikitovic D, Hayes AW, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis AM, Ginghina O. Impact of multicellular tumor spheroids as an in vivo‑like tumor model on anticancer drug response. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:2295-302. [PMID: 27035518 PMCID: PMC4867843 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of colorectal cancer is higher in men than in women, amounting to 15% of cancer-related diseases as a whole. As such, undesirable effects, arising from the administration of current chemotherapeutic agents (the FOLFIRI/FOLFOX combinations), which are exerted on the remaining non-cancerous tissues and/or cells, have contributed to the occurrence of resistance to multiple drugs, thus markedly reducing their efficacy. However, the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents may be improved and their action may be more selectively targeted to diseased tissues/cells by means of developing biotechnologies and nano-techniques. Thus, the current focus is on creating biological tissue and related tumor models, by means of three-dimensional (3D) spheres, in an attempt to bridge the gap between results obtained in the pre-clinical phase and promising outcomes obtained in clinical trials. For this purpose, the characterization and use of so-called ‘multicellular tumor spheroids’, may prove to be invaluable. In this study, we focus on describing the efficacy of a model 3D system as compared to the traditional 2D tumor spheres in determining drug response, highlighting a potentially greater effect of the drugs following the encapsulation of respective liposomes. The results obtained demonstrate the successful preparation of a suspension of liposomes loaded with folinic acid, oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and loaded with meso-tetra (4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin. Following its use on HT-29 colorectal cancer cells, an important comparative reduction was noted in the viability of the HT-29 cells, demonstrating the efficacy of multicellular tumor spheroids carrying liposomes loaded with therapeutic drugs. These findings indicate that the method of drug encapsulation in liposomes may improve the treatment efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Galateanu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest 050095, Romania
| | - Ariana Hudita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest 050095, Romania
| | - Carolina Negrei
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 020956, Romania
| | - Rodica-Mariana Ion
- National Institute of Research and Development for Chemistry and Petrochemistry ‑ ICECHIM, Bucharest 060021, Romania
| | - Marieta Costache
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest 050095, Romania
| | - Miriana Stan
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 020956, Romania
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | | | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion 71409, Greece
| | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Octav Ginghina
- Department of Surgery, 'Sf. Ioan' Emergency Clinical Hospital, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 042122, Romania
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Tyagi A, Vishnoi K, Mahata S, Verma G, Srivastava Y, Masaldan S, Roy BG, Bharti AC, Das BC. Cervical Cancer Stem Cells Selectively Overexpress HPV Oncoprotein E6 that Controls Stemness and Self-Renewal through Upregulation of HES1. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:4170-84. [PMID: 26988248 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Perturbation of keratinocyte differentiation by E6/E7 oncoproteins of high-risk human papillomaviruses that drive oncogenic transformation of cells in squamocolumnar junction of the uterine cervix may confer "stem-cell like" characteristics. However, the crosstalk between E6/E7 and stem cell signaling during cervical carcinogenesis is not well understood. We therefore examined the role of viral oncoproteins in stem cell signaling and maintenance of stemness in cervical cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Isolation and enrichment of cervical cancer stem-like cells (CaCxSLCs) was done from cervical primary tumors and cancer cell lines by novel sequential gating using a set of functional and phenotypic markers (ABCG2, CD49f, CD71, CD133) in defined conditioned media for assessing sphere formation and expression of self-renewal and stemness markers by FACS, confocal microscopy, and qRT-PCR. Differential expression level and DNA-binding activity of Notch1 and its downstream targets in CaCxSLCs as well as silencing of HPVE6/Hes1 by siRNA was evaluated by gel retardation assay, FACS, immunoblotting, and qRT-PCR followed by in silico and in vivo xenograft analysis. RESULTS CaCxSLCs showed spheroid-forming ability, expressed self-renewal and stemness markers Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, Lrig1, and CD133, and selectively overexpressed E6 and HES1 transcripts in both cervical primary tumors and cancer cell lines. The enriched CaCxSLCs were highly tumorigenic and did recapitulate primary tumor histology in nude mice. siRNA silencing of HPVE6 or Hes1 abolished sphere formation, downregulated AP-1-STAT3 signaling, and induced redifferentiation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest the possible mechanism by which HPVE6 potentially regulate and maintain stem-like cancer cells through Hes1. Clin Cancer Res; 22(16); 4170-84. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Tyagi
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University Campus, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India. Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Cytology & Preventive Oncology (ICMR), Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India. Molecular Oncology Laboratory, B.R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Kanchan Vishnoi
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Cytology & Preventive Oncology (ICMR), Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sutapa Mahata
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Cytology & Preventive Oncology (ICMR), Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gaurav Verma
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Cytology & Preventive Oncology (ICMR), Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yogesh Srivastava
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Cytology & Preventive Oncology (ICMR), Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shashank Masaldan
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Cytology & Preventive Oncology (ICMR), Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bal Gangadhar Roy
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Delhi, India
| | - Alok C Bharti
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Cytology & Preventive Oncology (ICMR), Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India. Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
| | - Bhudev C Das
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University Campus, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India. Molecular Oncology Laboratory, B.R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
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Ziske MA, Pettee KM, Khaing M, Rubinic K, Eisenmann KM. SMIFH2-mediated mDia formin functional inhibition potentiates chemotherapeutic targeting of human ovarian cancer spheroids. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 472:33-9. [PMID: 26898799 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Due to a lack of effective screening or prevention protocol for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), there is a critical unmet need to develop therapeutic interventions for EOC treatment. EOC metastasis is unique. Initial dissemination is not primarily hematogenous, yet is facilitated through shedding of primary tumor cells into the peritoneal fluid and accumulating ascites. Increasingly, isolated patient spheroids point to a clinical role for spheroids in EOC metastasis. EOC spheroids are highly invasive structures that disseminate upon peritoneal mesothelium, and visceral tissues including liver and omentum. Selection for this subset of chemoresistant EOC cells could influence disease progression and/or recurrence. Thus, targeting spheroid integrity/structure may improve the chemotherapeutic responsiveness of EOC. We discovered a critical role for mammalian Diaphanous (mDia)-related formin-2 in maintaining EOC spheroid structure. Both mDia2 and the related mDia1 regulate F-actin networks critical to maintain cell-cell contacts and the integrity of multi-cellular epithelial sheets. We investigated if mDia2 functional inhibition via a small molecule inhibitor SMIFH2 combined with chemotherapeutics, such as taxol and cisplatin, inhibits the viability of EOC monolayers and clinically relevant spheroids. SMIFH2-mediated mDia formin inhibition significantly reduced both ES2 and Skov3 EOC monolayer viability while spheroid viability was minimally impacted only at the highest concentrations. Combining either cisplatin or taxol with SMIFH2 did not significantly enhance the effects of either drug alone in ES2 monolayers, while Skov3 monolayers treated with taxol or cisplatin and SMIFH2 showed significant additive inhibition of viability. ES2 spheroids were highly responsive with clear additive anti-viability effects with dual taxol or cisplatin when combined with SMIFH2 treatments. While combined taxol with SMIFH2 in spheroids showed an additive effect relative to single treatments, Skov3 spheroids showed no additive effects from combined cisplatin and SMIFH2 treatments. Our data indicate that mDia formin inhibition combined with taxol to drive enhanced and/or additive anti-viability effects targeting 3D EOC structures, including ES2 and Skov3 spheroids. Combined mDia formin inhibition with cisplatin may be most effective in EOC spheroids where cisplatin sensitivity is retained at moderate levels, such as ES2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Ziske
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Mail Stop 1010, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Krista M Pettee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Mail Stop 1010, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - MaNada Khaing
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Mail Stop 1010, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Kaitlin Rubinic
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Mail Stop 1010, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Kathryn M Eisenmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Mail Stop 1010, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
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Weiswald LB, Bellet D, Dangles-Marie V. Spherical cancer models in tumor biology. Neoplasia 2015; 17:1-15. [PMID: 25622895 PMCID: PMC4309685 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 751] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models have been used in cancer research as an intermediate model between in vitro cancer cell line cultures and in vivo tumor. Spherical cancer models represent major 3D in vitro models that have been described over the past 4 decades. These models have gained popularity in cancer stem cell research using tumorospheres. Thus, it is crucial to define and clarify the different spherical cancer models thus far described. Here, we focus on in vitro multicellular spheres used in cancer research. All these spherelike structures are characterized by their well-rounded shape, the presence of cancer cells, and their capacity to be maintained as free-floating cultures. We propose a rational classification of the four most commonly used spherical cancer models in cancer research based on culture methods for obtaining them and on subsequent differences in sphere biology: the multicellular tumor spheroid model, first described in the early 70s and obtained by culture of cancer cell lines under nonadherent conditions; tumorospheres, a model of cancer stem cell expansion established in a serum-free medium supplemented with growth factors; tissue-derived tumor spheres and organotypic multicellular spheroids, obtained by tumor tissue mechanical dissociation and cutting. In addition, we describe their applications to and interest in cancer research; in particular, we describe their contribution to chemoresistance, radioresistance, tumorigenicity, and invasion and migration studies. Although these models share a common 3D conformation, each displays its own intrinsic properties. Therefore, the most relevant spherical cancer model must be carefully selected, as a function of the study aim and cancer type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis-Bastien Weiswald
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Michael Smith Genome Sciences Center, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Laboratoire d'Oncobiologie, Hôpital René Huguenin, Institut Curie, St Cloud, France; Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| | - Dominique Bellet
- Laboratoire d'Oncobiologie, Hôpital René Huguenin, Institut Curie, St Cloud, France; Université Paris Descartes, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, UMR 8151 CNRS-U1022 Inserm, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Dangles-Marie
- Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Département de Recherche Translationnelle, Research Center, Institut Curie, Paris, France.
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Miyata T, Yoshimatsu T, So T, Oyama T, Uramoto H, Osaki T, Nakanishi R, Tanaka F, Nagaya H, Gotoh A. Cancer stem cell markers in lung cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmu.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Esmaelbeygi E, Khoei S, Khoee S, Eynali S. Role of iron oxide core of polymeric nanoparticles in the thermosensitivity of colon cancer cell line HT-29. Int J Hyperthermia 2015; 31:489-97. [PMID: 25960148 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2015.1035766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study the effect of PLGA polymeric nanoparticles as a 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) carrier with and without iron oxide core and hyperthermia were investigated on the level of DNA damage in a spheroid culture model of HT-29 colon cancer cell lines by alkaline comet assay. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, HT-29 colon cancer cells were cultured in vitro as spheroids with a mean diameter of 100 µm. The spheroids were then treated with different concentrations of 5-FU or nanoparticles as 5-FU carriers with and without an iron oxide core for one volume-doubling time of the spheroids (71 h) and hyperthermia at 43 °C for 1 h. Finally, the effect of treatment on viability and level of DNA damage was examined using trypan blue dye exclusion assay and alkaline comet assay, respectively. RESULTS Results showed that hyperthermia in combination with 5-FU or nanoparticles as 5-FU carriers significantly induced the most DNA damage as compared with the control group. The extent of DNA damage following treatment with 5-FU-loaded nanoparticles combined with hyperthermia was significantly more than for 5-FU combined with hyperthermia. In comparison to the effect of 5-FU-loaded nanoparticles with the iron oxide core and 5-FU-loaded nanoparticle without the iron oxide core, the nanoparticles with the iron oxide core combined with hyperthermia induced more DNA damage than the nanoparticles without the iron oxide core. CONCLUSIONS According to this study, hyperthermia is a harmful agent and nanoparticles are effective delivery vehicles for drugs into colon cancer cells. The iron oxide filled nanoparticles increased the effect of the hyperthermia. All these factors have a significant role in the treatment of colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Esmaelbeygi
- Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) , Tehran
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High CD133 expression in the nucleus and cytoplasm predicts poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:986095. [PMID: 25691807 PMCID: PMC4323063 DOI: 10.1155/2015/986095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of Prominin-1 (CD133) in cancer cells and its potential value as a prognostic indicator of survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods. Cancerous tissues and matched normal tissues adjacent to the carcinoma from 239 NSCLC patients were obtained immediately after surgery. Immunohistochemistry of tissue microarrays was used to characterize the expression of CD133 in NSCLC and adjacent tissues. The correlation of CD133 expression with clinical characteristics and prognosis was determined by statistical analysis. Results. CD133 protein expression levels in both the cytoplasm and nucleus were significantly higher in NSCLC tissues compared with corresponding peritumoral tissue (P < 0.05). CD133 expression in the nucleus of NSCLC cells was related to tumor diameter (P = 0.027), tumor differentiation (P < 0.001), and TNM stage (P = 0.007). Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analyses revealed that high CD133 expression in the nucleus was an independent predictor of poor prognosis of NSCLC, as was high cytoplasmic CD133 expression (P < 0.001). Conclusion. Our findings provide the first evidence that high expression of CD133 in both the nucleus and cytoplasm is associated with poor prognosis in NSCLC.
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Byun YS, Tibrewal S, Kim E, Yco L, Sarkar J, Ivanir Y, Liu CY, Sano CM, Jain S. Keratocytes derived from spheroid culture of corneal stromal cells resemble tissue resident keratocytes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112781. [PMID: 25384043 PMCID: PMC4226584 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Corneal stromal cells transform to precursor cells in spheroid culture. We determined whether keratocytes derived from spheroid culture of murine corneal stromal cells resemble tissue resident keratocytes. Methods Spheroid culture was performed by seeding dissociated stromal cells onto ultra-low attachment plates containing serum-free mesenchymal stem cell culture medium. Spheroids were characterized with phenotype specific markers and stemness transcription factor genes. Spheroids and adherent cells in culture were induced to differentiate to keratocytes using keratocyte induction medium (KIM) and compared with tissue resident keratocytes. Results Stromal cells formed spheroids in ultra-low attachment plates, but not in polystyrene tissue culture dishes. Keratocan expression and abundance was significantly higher in spheroids as compared to adherent cells whereas alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was significantly lower. As compared to adherent culture-derived cells, the expressions of keratocan, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH3A1) and α-SMA in spheroid-derived cells approximated much more closely the levels of these genes in tissue resident keratocytes. Of the stemness genes, Nanog and Oct4 were upregulated in the spheroids. Conclusion Stemness transcription factor genes are upregulated in spheroids. Keratocytes derived from spheroids resemble tissue resident keratocytes, thus increasing manifolds the quantity of these cells for in-vitro experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Soo Byun
- Corneal Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America; Catholic Institute for Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sapna Tibrewal
- Corneal Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Eunjae Kim
- Corneal Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lisette Yco
- Corneal Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America; Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Joy Sarkar
- Corneal Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yair Ivanir
- Corneal Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Chia-Yang Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Cecile M Sano
- Corneal Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sandeep Jain
- Corneal Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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