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van den Brink A, Suárez Peredo Rodríguez MF, Foijer F. Chromosomal instability and inflammation: a catch-22 for cancer cells. Chromosome Res 2023; 31:19. [PMID: 37561163 PMCID: PMC10415485 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-023-09730-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN), an increased rate of chromosomal segregation abnormalities, drives intratumor heterogeneity and affects most human cancers. In addition to chromosome copy number alterations, CIN results in chromosome(s) (fragments) being mislocalized into the cytoplasm in the form of micronuclei. Micronuclei can be detected by cGAS, a double-strand nucleic acid sensor, which will lead to the production of the second messenger 2'3'-cGAMP, activation of an inflammatory response, and downstream immune cell activation. However, the molecular network underlying the CIN-induced inflammatory response is still poorly understood. Furthermore, there is emerging evidence that cancers that display CIN circumvent this CIN-induced inflammatory response, and thus immune surveillance. The STAT1, STAT3, and NF-κB signaling cascades appear to play an important role in the CIN-induced inflammatory response. In this review, we discuss how these pathways are involved in signaling CIN in cells and how they are intertwined. A better understanding of how CIN is being signaled in cells and how cancer cells circumvent this is of the utmost importance for better and more selective cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk van den Brink
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria F Suárez Peredo Rodríguez
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Floris Foijer
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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2
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Brunac AC, Fourquet J, Perot G, Jaffrelot M, Meilleroux J, Danjoux M, Filleron T, Nicolaï V, Guimbaud R, Icher S, Farés N, Selves J, Chibon F. CINSARC signature outperforms gold-standard TNM staging and consensus molecular subtypes for clinical outcome in stage II-III colorectal carcinoma. Mod Pathol 2022; 35:2002-2010. [PMID: 36202996 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-022-01166-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The outcome of stage II-III colorectal cancer (CRC) is highly variable and therapeutic choice is currently based on TNM staging with a few additional biomarkers. However, studies show that some stage III patients have a better prognosis than some stage II patients. A promising consensus molecular (CMS) classification with prognostic relevance has been developed, but it is not used in daily practice. Our team developed CINSARC, a 67-gene expression prognostic signature, whose prognostic value has been demonstrated in many cancer types. It is applicable to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks using NanoString® technology. We investigated whether it could predict outcome in stage II-III CRC. We established the CINSARC classification on the TCGA retrospective cohort comprising 297 stage II-III CRC patients using RNA sequencing and on a second independent cohort comprising 169 cases using NanoString® technology. We compared its recurrence-free and overall survival prognostic value with TNM staging and CMS classification. In the TCGA cohort, we showed that CINSARC significantly splits the population of stage II-III CRC into two groups with different progression-free interval (P = 1.68 × 10-2; HR = 1.87 [1.11-3.16]) and overall survival (P = 3.73 × 10-3; HR = 2.45 [1.31-4.59]) and is a strong prognostic factor in multivariate analysis, outperforming TNM staging and CMS classification. We validated these results in the second cohort by applying CINSARC on FFPE samples with Nanostring® technology. CINSARC is a ready-to-use tool with a robust independent prognostic value in stage II-III CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Cécile Brunac
- Department of Pathology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Oncopole de Toulouse, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Toulouse, France
| | - Joanna Fourquet
- Oncogenesis of Sarcomas, INSERM UMR1037, Cancer Research Centre of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Gaëlle Perot
- Oncogenesis of Sarcomas, INSERM UMR1037, Cancer Research Centre of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Marion Jaffrelot
- Department of Digestive Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Toulouse, France
| | - Julie Meilleroux
- Department of Pathology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Oncopole de Toulouse, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Danjoux
- Department of Pathology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Oncopole de Toulouse, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas Filleron
- Department of Biostatistics, Institut Claudius-Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Oncopole de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent Nicolaï
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Oncopole de Toulouse, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Toulouse, France
| | - Rosine Guimbaud
- Department of Digestive Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Toulouse, France
| | - Samira Icher
- Department of Pathology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Oncopole de Toulouse, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Toulouse, France
| | - Nadim Farés
- Department of Digestive Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Toulouse, France
| | - Janick Selves
- Department of Pathology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Oncopole de Toulouse, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Toulouse, France
| | - Frédéric Chibon
- Oncogenesis of Sarcomas, INSERM UMR1037, Cancer Research Centre of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
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Lakbir S, Lahoz S, Cuatrecasas M, Camps J, Glas RA, Heringa J, Meijer GA, Abeln S, Fijneman RJA. Tumour break load is a biologically relevant feature of genomic instability with prognostic value in colorectal cancer. Eur J Cancer 2022; 177:94-102. [PMID: 36334560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinically implemented prognostic biomarkers are lacking for the 80% of colorectal cancers (CRCs) that exhibit chromosomal instability (CIN). CIN is characterised by chromosome segregation errors and double-strand break repair defects that lead to somatic copy number aberrations (SCNAs) and chromosomal rearrangement-associated structural variants (SVs), respectively. We hypothesise that the number of SVs is a distinct feature of genomic instability and defined a new measure to quantify SVs: the tumour break load (TBL). The present study aimed to characterise the biological impact and clinical relevance of TBL in CRC. METHODS Disease-free survival and SCNA data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and two independent CRC studies. TBL was defined as the sum of SCNA-associated SVs. RNA gene expression data of microsatellite stable (MSS) CRC samples were used to train an RNA-based TBL classifier. Dichotomised DNA-based TBL data were used for survival analysis. RESULTS TBL shows large variation in CRC with poor correlation to tumour mutational burden and fraction of genome altered. TBL impact on tumour biology was illustrated by the high accuracy of classifying cancers in TBL-high and TBL-low (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC]: 0.88; p < 0.01). High TBL was associated with disease recurrence in 85 stages II-III MSS CRCs from The Cancer Genome Atlas (hazard ratio [HR]: 6.1; p = 0.007) and in two independent validation series of 57 untreated stages II-III (HR: 4.1; p = 0.012) and 74 untreated stage II MSS CRCs (HR: 2.4; p = 0.01). CONCLUSION TBL is a prognostic biomarker in patients with non-metastatic MSS CRC with great potential to be implemented in routine molecular diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soufyan Lakbir
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081HV, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066CX, the Netherlands
| | - Sara Lahoz
- Translational Colorectal Cancer Genomics, Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Oncology Team, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Miriam Cuatrecasas
- Pathology Department, Biomedical Diagnostic Center (CDB), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Jordi Camps
- Translational Colorectal Cancer Genomics, Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Oncology Team, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, 08036, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Roel A Glas
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081HV, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066CX, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap Heringa
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081HV, the Netherlands; AIMMS - Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081HV, the Netherlands
| | - Gerrit A Meijer
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066CX, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne Abeln
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081HV, the Netherlands; Life Sciences and Health Research Group, Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI), Science Park 123, Amsterdam 1098 XG, the Netherlands.
| | - Remond J A Fijneman
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066CX, the Netherlands.
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Ogiri M, Seishima R, Nakamura K, Aimono E, Matsui S, Shigeta K, Chiyoda T, Tanishima S, Okabayashi K, Nishihara H, Kitagawa Y. Real-world application of next-generation sequencing-based test for surgically resectable colorectal cancer in clinical practice. Future Oncol 2022; 18:2701-2711. [PMID: 35818975 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2022-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the significance of next-generation sequencing-based gene panel testing in surgically resectable colorectal cancer by analyzing real-world data. Materials & methods: A total of 107 colorectal cancer patients who underwent curative surgery were included, and correlations between next-generation sequencing data and clinicopathological findings were evaluated. Results: More combination patterns in gene alteration were identified in advanced-stage tumors than in early-stage tumors. The copy number alteration count was significantly lower in right-sided colon tumors and early-stage tumors. Homologous recombination deficiency was more often identified in advanced-stage tumors, and high homologous recombination deficiency status was useful for identifying high-risk stage II tumors. Conclusion: Homologous recombination deficiency was identified as a useful result of gene panel testing with novel utility in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayo Ogiri
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Seishima
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Nakamura
- Genomics Unit, Keio Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eriko Aimono
- Genomics Unit, Keio Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shimpei Matsui
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Shigeta
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Chiyoda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Tanishima
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Kansai Division, Mitsubishi Space Software Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Okabayashi
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishihara
- Genomics Unit, Keio Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Seo SH, Shin JH, Ham DW, Shin EH. PTEN/AKT signaling pathway related to hTERT downregulation and telomere shortening induced in Toxoplasma GRA16-expressing colorectal cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113366. [PMID: 35810694 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether the molecular mechanism of granule protein 16 (GRA16), a dense granule protein of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) that induces cancer cell apoptosis, results in telomere shortening in cancer cells. The molecular mechanism of GRA16 responsible for regulating telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) activity and telomere shortening was investigated using GRA16-transferred HCT116 human colorectal cancer cells (GRA16-stable cells). GRA16 directly decreased hTERT expression by downregulating the expression and phosphorylation of hTERT transcriptional factors accompanied by decreased expression of shelterin complex molecules. Moreover, GRA16 resulted in cancer cell death through reduction of telomerase activity which leads to telomere shortening (decreased relative ratio of telomeric repeat-amplified sequence to that of a single-copy gene) (T/S ratio)), and at the same time gamma-H2A histone family member X (γ-H2A.X) stained nucleus was increased in the cells. The molecular mechanism between GRA16 and hTERT inactivation was revealed using inhibitors for phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) as well as siRNAs against PTEN and PP2A. hTERT dephosphorylation was induced effectively by the signaling pathway of HAUSP/PTEN/p-AKT(S473) but not by PP2A-B55/p-AKT(T308). Inhibition of the PTEN signaling pathway increased mRNA expressions in hTERT transcriptional factors, cell cycle activating factors, and apoptosis-inhibiting factors. When HCT116 cells were infected with T. gondii, the number of γ-H2A.X-stained nuclei also increased and p-hTERT/hTERT decreased as in GRA16-stable cells. Altogether, our results emphasize that GRA16 is a novel promising telomerase inhibitor that causes telomere shortening through telomerase inactivation by inducing the activation of the tumor suppressor PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hwan Seo
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hun Shin
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Won Ham
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Shin
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea.
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Xu Z, Verma A, Naveed U, Bakhoum SF, Khosravi P, Elemento O. Deep learning predicts chromosomal instability from histopathology images. iScience 2021; 24:102394. [PMID: 33997679 PMCID: PMC8099498 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of human cancer yet not readily testable for patients with cancer in routine clinical setting. In this study, we sought to explore whether CIN status can be predicted using ubiquitously available hematoxylin and eosin histology through a deep learning-based model. When applied to a cohort of 1,010 patients with breast cancer (Training set: n = 858, Test set: n = 152) from The Cancer Genome Atlas where 485 patients have high CIN status, our model accurately classified CIN status, achieving an area under the curve of 0.822 with 81.2% sensitivity and 68.7% specificity in the test set. Patch-level predictions of CIN status suggested intra-tumor heterogeneity within slides. Moreover, presence of patches with high predicted CIN score within an entire slide was more predictive of clinical outcome than the average CIN score of the slide, thus underscoring the clinical importance of intra-tumor heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoran Xu
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York 10065, USA
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York 10065, USA
| | - Akanksha Verma
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York 10065, USA
| | - Uska Naveed
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York 10065, USA
| | - Samuel F. Bakhoum
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10021, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10021, USA
| | - Pegah Khosravi
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York 10065, USA
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10021, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York 10065, USA
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Zhang B, Yao K, Zhou E, Zhang L, Cheng C. Chr20q Amplification Defines a Distinct Molecular Subtype of Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Res 2021; 81:1977-1987. [PMID: 33619118 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-4009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. About 15% of colorectal cancers are associated with microsatellite instability (MSI) due to loss of function in the DNA mismatch repair pathway. This subgroup of patients has better survival rates and is more sensitive to immunotherapy. However, it remains unclear whether microsatellite stable (MSS) patients with colorectal cancer can be further stratified into subgroups with differential clinical characteristics. In this study, we analyzed The Cancer Genome Atlas data and found that Chr20q amplification is the most frequent copy number alteration that occurs specifically in colon (46%) and rectum (61%) cancer and is mutually exclusive with MSI. Importantly, MSS patients with Chr20q amplification (MSS-A) were associated with better recurrence-free survival compared with MSS patients without Chr20q amplification (MSS-N; P = 0.03). MSS-A tumors were associated with high level of chromosome instability and low immune infiltrations. In addition, MSS-A and MSS-N tumors were associated with somatic mutations in different driver genes, with high frequencies of mutated TP53 in MSS-A and mutated KRAS and BRAF in MSS-N. Our results suggest that MSS-A and MSS-N represent two subtypes of MSS colorectal cancer, and such stratification may be used to improve therapeutic treatment in an individualized manner. SIGNIFICANCE: This study shows that chromosome 20q amplification occurs predominately in microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer and defines a distinct subtype with good prognosis, high chromosomal instability, distinct mutation profiles, and low immune infiltrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyi Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Kevin Yao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Emily Zhou
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Lanjing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Princeton Medical Center, Plainsboro, New Jersey
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. .,Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Massaro C, Safadeh E, Sgueglia G, Stunnenberg HG, Altucci L, Dell’Aversana C. MicroRNA-Assisted Hormone Cell Signaling in Colorectal Cancer Resistance. Cells 2020; 10:cells10010039. [PMID: 33396628 PMCID: PMC7823834 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite substantial progress in cancer therapy, colorectal cancer (CRC) is still the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide, mainly due to the acquisition of resistance and disease recurrence in patients. Growing evidence indicates that deregulation of hormone signaling pathways and their cross-talk with other signaling cascades inside CRC cells may have an impact on therapy resistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small conserved non-coding RNAs thatfunction as negative regulators in many gene expression processes. Key studies have identified miRNA alterations in cancer progression and drug resistance. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview and assessment of miRNAs role in hormone signaling pathways in CRC drug resistance and their potential as future targets for overcoming resistance to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crescenzo Massaro
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio, 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (E.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Elham Safadeh
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio, 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (E.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Giulia Sgueglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio, 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (E.S.); (G.S.)
| | | | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio, 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (E.S.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence: (L.A.); (C.D.); Tel.: +39-081-566-7564 (L.A.); +39-081-566-7566 (C.D.)
| | - Carmela Dell’Aversana
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio, 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (E.S.); (G.S.)
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “Gaetano Salvatore” (IEOS)-National Research Council (CNR), Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.A.); (C.D.); Tel.: +39-081-566-7564 (L.A.); +39-081-566-7566 (C.D.)
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Jalilvand A, Soltanpour MS. Promoter Hypermethylation of Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway Inhibitor WIF-1 Gene and its Association with MTHFR C677T Polymorphism in Patients with Colorectal Cancer. Oman Med J 2020; 35:e131. [PMID: 32607254 PMCID: PMC7315525 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2020.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy with a high rate of mortality. The dysregulation of genes involved in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is a common finding in cancers. Wnt-inhibitory factor-1 (WIF-1) suppresses the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and its inactivation by genetics and epigenetic changes may cause cancer. We investigated the DNA methylation status of the WIF-1 gene in patients with CRC and its interaction with MTHFR C677T polymorphism, a known modifier of methylation reaction. METHODS We investigated 50 cancerous tissues and the adjacent non-cancerous tissue. Genomic DNA was extracted using a commercial kit and was treated by sodium bisulfite. Methylation-specific PCR was used for methylation analysis, and restriction fragment length polymorphism PCR to analyze the C677T polymorphism of the MTHFR gene. RESULTS The frequency of WIF1 promoter DNA methylation was significantly higher in cancerous tissue than adjacent non-cancerous tissue (52.0% vs. 8.0%; p < 0.001). WIF1 promoter DNA methylation status showed a significant association only with tumor location (p = 0.009). Carriers of TT genotype and T allele of MTHFR C677T polymorphism had a significantly higher frequency of unmethylated WIF1 gene than methylated WIF-1 gene in cancerous tissue (p = 0.025 and p = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Promoter DNA hypermethylation of the WIF-1 gene is a significant risk factor for CRC development, which was significantly associated with tumor location only. The significant association of TT genotype and T allele of MTHFR C677T polymorphism with unmethylated WIF-1 gene suggests a protective role for this common polymorphism against methylation-induced development of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Jalilvand
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soleiman Soltanpour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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10
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Vishwakarma R, McManus KJ. Chromosome Instability; Implications in Cancer Development, Progression, and Clinical Outcomes. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040824. [PMID: 32235397 PMCID: PMC7226245 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome instability (CIN) refers to an ongoing rate of chromosomal changes and is a driver of genetic, cell-to-cell heterogeneity. It is an aberrant phenotype that is intimately associated with cancer development and progression. The presence, extent, and level of CIN has tremendous implications for the clinical management and outcomes of those living with cancer. Despite its relevance in cancer, there is still extensive misuse of the term CIN, and this has adversely impacted our ability to identify and characterize the molecular determinants of CIN. Though several decades of genetic research have provided insight into CIN, the molecular determinants remain largely unknown, which severely limits its clinical potential. In this review, we provide a definition of CIN, describe the two main types, and discuss how it differs from aneuploidy. We subsequently detail its impact on cancer development and progression, and describe how it influences metastatic potential with reference to cancer prognosis and outcomes. Finally, we end with a discussion of how CIN induces genetic heterogeneity to influence the use and efficacy of several precision medicine strategies, including patient and risk stratification, as well as its impact on the acquisition of drug resistance and disease recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghvendra Vishwakarma
- Research Institute in Oncology & Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada;
| | - Kirk J. McManus
- Research Institute in Oncology & Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-204-787-2833
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11
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Hoevenaar WHM, Janssen A, Quirindongo AI, Ma H, Klaasen SJ, Teixeira A, van Gerwen B, Lansu N, Morsink FHM, Offerhaus GJA, Medema RH, Kops GJPL, Jelluma N. Degree and site of chromosomal instability define its oncogenic potential. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1501. [PMID: 32198375 PMCID: PMC7083897 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15279-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most human cancers are aneuploid, due to a chromosomal instability (CIN) phenotype. Despite being hallmarks of cancer, however, the roles of CIN and aneuploidy in tumor formation have not unequivocally emerged from animal studies and are thus still unclear. Using a conditional mouse model for diverse degrees of CIN, we find that a particular range is sufficient to drive very early onset spontaneous adenoma formation in the intestine. In mice predisposed to intestinal cancer (ApcMin/+), moderate CIN causes a remarkable increase in adenoma burden in the entire intestinal tract and especially in the distal colon, which resembles human disease. Strikingly, a higher level of CIN promotes adenoma formation in the distal colon even more than moderate CIN does, but has no effect in the small intestine. Our results thus show that CIN can be potently oncogenic, but that certain levels of CIN can have contrasting effects in distinct tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilma H M Hoevenaar
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aniek Janssen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Section Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ajit I Quirindongo
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Huiying Ma
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd J Klaasen
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Antoinette Teixeira
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan van Gerwen
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nico Lansu
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert H M Morsink
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - G Johan A Offerhaus
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - René H Medema
- Division of Cell Biology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert J P L Kops
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Nannette Jelluma
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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12
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Bach DH, Zhang W, Sood AK. Chromosomal Instability in Tumor Initiation and Development. Cancer Res 2019; 79:3995-4002. [PMID: 31350294 PMCID: PMC7694409 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is one of the major forms of genomic instability in various human cancers and is recognized as a common hallmark of tumorigenesis and heterogeneity. However, some malignant tumors show a paucity of chromosomal alterations, suggesting that tumor progression and evolution can occur in the absence of CIN. It is unclear whether CIN is stable between precursor lesions, primary tumor, and metastases or if it evolves during these steps. In this review, we describe the influence of CIN on the various steps in tumor initiation and development. Given the recognized significant effects of CIN in cancer, CIN-targeted therapeutics could have a major impact on improving clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc-Hiep Bach
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wei Zhang
- Center for Cancer Genomics and Precision Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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13
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Tijhuis AE, Johnson SC, McClelland SE. The emerging links between chromosomal instability (CIN), metastasis, inflammation and tumour immunity. Mol Cytogenet 2019; 12:17. [PMID: 31114634 PMCID: PMC6518824 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-019-0429-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many cancers possess an incorrect number of chromosomes, a state described as aneuploidy. Aneuploidy is often caused by Chromosomal Instability (CIN), a process of continuous chromosome mis-segregation. CIN is believed to endow tumours with enhanced evolutionary capabilities due to increased intratumour heterogeneity, and facilitating adaptive resistance to therapies. Recently, however, additional consequences and associations with CIN have been revealed, prompting the need to understand this universal hallmark of cancer in a multifaceted context. This review is focused on the investigation of possible links between CIN, metastasis and the host immune system in cancer development and treatment. We specifically focus on these links since most cancer deaths are due to the consequences of metastasis, and immunotherapy is a rapidly expanding novel avenue of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa E. Tijhuis
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ, London, UK
| | - Sarah C. Johnson
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ, London, UK
| | - Sarah E. McClelland
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ, London, UK
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14
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Wang J, Liu Y, Li J, Lu X. Prediction effects of serum CA125 decrease ratio during different cycles in relapsed ovarian cancer. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2019; 45:1006-1011. [PMID: 30687999 DOI: 10.1111/jog.13907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the prognostic value of serum cancer antigen 125 (CA125) levels during chemotherapy in relapsed epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and to identify cut-off values that distinguish patients who relapse beyond 12 months from those who relapse within 12 months. METHODS About 93 relapsed EOC patients who received cytoreductive surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy at Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University between January 2003 and March 2015 were selected. Univariate regression analysis was used to determine the significant prognostic factors. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the overall survival (OS) rate. RESULTS The CA125 decrease ratio of more than 97.6% after the fourth chemotherapy cycle was significantly associated with relapse time (P = 0.044). The sensitivity was 70.0%, and the specificity was 76.9%. Moreover, in all relapsed patients, the group with the CA125 decrease ratio after the fourth chemotherapy cycle of more than 97.6% had a significantly better OS than any other group (P = 0.0019). CONCLUSION The CA125 decrease ratio of less than 97.6% after the fourth chemotherapy cycle can be a predictive factor for relapse within 12 months. Patients without a significant decrease in CA125 after four cycles of chemotherapy should have a more frequent follow-up and more active re-examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Disease of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuantao Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Disease of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Disease of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Disease of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Alhumaid A, AlYousef Z, Bakhsh HA, AlGhamdi S, Aziz MA. Emerging paradigms in the treatment of liver metastases in colorectal cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 132:39-50. [PMID: 30447926 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts to combat colorectal cancer have benefited from improved screening and surveillance, which facilitates early detection. The survival rate associated with diagnosis at stage I is approximately 90%. However, progress in improving survival in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) has been minimal. This review focuses on mCRC with special emphasis on the molecular aspects of liver metastases, which is one of the most frequently involved organ site. Better molecular evidence is required to guide the decisions for surgical and other interventions used in the clinical management of mCRC. Results from different treatment modalities have exposed significant gaps in the existing paradigms of the mCRC management. Indeed there is a critical need to better understand molecular events and pathways that lead to colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Such a focused approach may help identify biomarkers and drug targets that can be useful in the clinical applications. With this focus, we provide an account of the molecular pathways involved in the spread of CRC to the liver. Specifically, the molecular changes at the DNA and RNA levels that are associated with liver metastases are discussed. Similarly, we describe relevant microRNAs that are identified as regulators of gene expression and can also serve as biomarkers. Conventionally applied biomarkers are not yet specific and sensitive enough to be relied in routine clinical decision making. Hence search for novel biomarkers is critically needed especially if these can be utilized using liquid biopsies. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of current molecular evidence along with potential future directions that could reshape the diagnostic and management paradigms and thus mitigate the devastating impact of colorectal cancer metastasis to the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Alhumaid
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center [KAIMRC], King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Zeyad AlYousef
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center [KAIMRC], King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Haafiz A Bakhsh
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center [KAIMRC], King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Department of Hepatology, National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saleh AlGhamdi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center [KAIMRC], King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Department of Medical Genomics, National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad Azhar Aziz
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center [KAIMRC], King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Department of Medical Genomics, National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center [KAIMRC], King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Colorectal Cancer Research Program, National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia.
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16
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Ichida K, Suzuki K, Fukui T, Takayama Y, Kakizawa N, Watanabe F, Ishikawa H, Muto Y, Kato T, Saito M, Futsuhara K, Miyakura Y, Noda H, Ohmori T, Konishi F, Rikiyama T. Overexpression of satellite alpha transcripts leads to chromosomal instability via segregation errors at specific chromosomes. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:1685-1693. [PMID: 29568894 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The impairment of the stability of the chromosomal structure facilitates the abnormal segregation of chromosomes, thus increasing the risk of carcinogenesis. Chromosomal stability during segregation is managed by appropriate methylation at the centromere of chromosomes. Insufficient methylation, or hypomethylation, results in chromosomal instability. The centromere consists of satellite alpha repetitive sequences, which are ideal targets for DNA hypomethylation, resulting in the overexpression of satellite alpha transcript (SAT). The overexpression of SAT has been reported to induce the abnormal segregation of chromosomes. In this study, we verified the oncogenic pathway via chromosomal instability involving DNA hypomethylation and the overexpression of SAT. For this purpose, we constructed lentiviral vectors expressing SAT and control viruses and then infected human mammary epithelial cells with these vectors. The copy number alterations and segregation errors of chromosomes were evaluated by microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) and immunocytochemistry, respectively. The levels of hypomethylation of satellite alpha sequences were determined by MethyLight polymerase chain reaction. Clinical specimens from 45 patients with breast cancer were recruited to verify the data in vitro. The results of immunocytochemistry revealed that the incidence of segregation errors was significantly higher in the cells overexpressing SAT than in the controls. An array CGH identified the specific chromosomes of 8q and 20q as frequent sites of copy number alterations in cells with SAT overexpression, although no such sites were noted in the controls, which was consistent with the data from clinical specimens. A regression analysis revealed that the expression of SAT was significantly associated with the levels of hypomethylation of satellite alpha sequences. On the whole, the overexpression of SAT led to chromosomal instability via segregation errors at specific chromosomes in connection with DNA hypomethylation, which was also recognized in clinical specimens of patients with breast cancer. Thus, this oncogenic pathway may be involved in the development of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Ichida
- Department of Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama-shi, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Koichi Suzuki
- Department of Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama-shi, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Taro Fukui
- Department of Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama-shi, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Yuji Takayama
- Department of Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama-shi, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Nao Kakizawa
- Department of Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama-shi, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Watanabe
- Department of Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama-shi, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Hideki Ishikawa
- Department of Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama-shi, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Yuta Muto
- Department of Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama-shi, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Takaharu Kato
- Department of Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama-shi, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Masaaki Saito
- Department of Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama-shi, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Kazushige Futsuhara
- Department of Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama-shi, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Miyakura
- Department of Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama-shi, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Noda
- Department of Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama-shi, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Ohmori
- Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | | | - Toshiki Rikiyama
- Department of Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama-shi, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
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17
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van den Broek E, Krijgsman O, Sie D, Tijssen M, Mongera S, van de Wiel MA, Belt EJT, den Uil SH, Bril H, Stockmann HBAC, Ylstra B, Carvalho B, Meijer GA, Fijneman RJA. Genomic profiling of stage II and III colon cancers reveals APC mutations to be associated with survival in stage III colon cancer patients. Oncotarget 2018; 7:73876-73887. [PMID: 27729614 PMCID: PMC5342020 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor profiling of DNA alterations, i.e. gene point mutations, somatic copy number aberrations (CNAs) and structural variants (SVs), improves insight into the molecular pathology of cancer and clinical outcome. Here, associations between genomic aberrations and disease recurrence in stage II and III colon cancers were investigated. A series of 114 stage II and III microsatellite stable colon cancer samples were analyzed by high-resolution array-comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) to detect CNAs and CNA-associated chromosomal breakpoints (SVs). For 60 of these samples mutation status of APC, TP53, KRAS, PIK3CA, FBXW7, SMAD4, BRAF and NRAS was determined using targeted massive parallel sequencing. Loss of chromosome 18q12.1-18q12.2 occurred more frequently in tumors that relapsed than in relapse-free tumors (p < 0.001; FDR = 0.13). In total, 267 genes were recurrently affected by SVs (FDR < 0.1). CNAs and SVs were not associated with disease-free survival (DFS). Mutations in APC and TP53 were associated with increased CNAs. APC mutations were associated with poor prognosis in (5-fluorouracil treated) stage III colon cancers (p = 0.005; HR = 4.1), an effect that was further enhanced by mutations in MAPK pathway (KRAS, NRAS, BRAF) genes. We conclude that among multiple genomic alterations in CRC, strongest associations with clinical outcome were observed for common mutations in APC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evert van den Broek
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar Krijgsman
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daoud Sie
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne Tijssen
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Mongera
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A van de Wiel
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Mathematics, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric J Th Belt
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Surgery, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd H den Uil
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Surgery, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Herman Bril
- Department of Pathology, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bauke Ylstra
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Beatriz Carvalho
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit A Meijer
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remond J A Fijneman
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Pagotto S, Veronese A, Soranno A, Lanuti P, Di Marco M, Russo MV, Ramassone A, Marchisio M, Simeone P, Guanciali-Franchi PE, Palka G, Costantini RM, Croce CM, Visone R. Hsa-miR-155-5p drives aneuploidy at early stages of cellular transformation. Oncotarget 2018; 9:13036-13047. [PMID: 29560129 PMCID: PMC5849193 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsa-miR-155-5p (miR-155) is overexpressed in most solid and hematological malignancies. It promotes loss of genomic integrity in cancer cells by targeting genes involved in microsatellite instability and DNA repair; however, the link between miR-155 and aneuploidy has been scarcely investigated. Here we describe a novel mechanism by which miR-155 causes chromosomal instability. Using osteosarcoma cells (U2OS) and normal human dermal fibroblast (HDF), two well-established models for the study of chromosome congression, we demonstrate that miR-155 targets the spindle checkpoint proteins BUB1, CENP-F, and ZW10, thus compromising chromosome alignment at the metaphase plate. In U2OS cells, exogenous miR-155 expression reduced the recruitment of BUB1, CENP-F, and ZW10 to the kinetochores which resulted in defective chromosome congression. In contrast, during in vitro transformation of HDF by enforced expression of SV40 Large T antigen and human telomerase (HDFLT/hTERT), inhibition of miR-155 reduced chromosome congression errors and aneuploidy at early passages. Using live-cell imaging we observed that miR-155 delays progression through mitosis, indicating an activated mitotic spindle checkpoint, which likely fails to reduce aneuploidy. Overall, this study provides insight into a mechanism that generates aneuploidy at early stages of cellular transformation, pointing to a role for miR-155 in chromosomal instability at tumor onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pagotto
- Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine-CeSI-MeT, Chieti, 66100, Italy.,Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Angelo Veronese
- Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine-CeSI-MeT, Chieti, 66100, Italy.,Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Alessandra Soranno
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine-CeSI-MeT, Chieti, 66100, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Mirco Di Marco
- Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine-CeSI-MeT, Chieti, 66100, Italy.,Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | | | - Alice Ramassone
- Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine-CeSI-MeT, Chieti, 66100, Italy.,Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Marco Marchisio
- Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine-CeSI-MeT, Chieti, 66100, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Pasquale Simeone
- Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine-CeSI-MeT, Chieti, 66100, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Paolo E Guanciali-Franchi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Palka
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Renato Mariani Costantini
- Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine-CeSI-MeT, Chieti, 66100, Italy.,Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.,Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Research Consortium, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - Rosa Visone
- Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine-CeSI-MeT, Chieti, 66100, Italy.,Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
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19
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Vargas-Rondón N, Villegas VE, Rondón-Lagos M. The Role of Chromosomal Instability in Cancer and Therapeutic Responses. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 10:cancers10010004. [PMID: 29283387 PMCID: PMC5789354 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death, and despite increased research in recent years, control of advanced-stage disease and optimal therapeutic responses remain elusive. Recent technological improvements have increased our understanding of human cancer as a heterogeneous disease. For instance, four hallmarks of cancer have recently been included, which in addition to being involved in cancer development, could be involved in therapeutic responses and resistance. One of these hallmarks is chromosome instability (CIN), a source of genetic variation in either altered chromosome number or structure. CIN has become a hot topic in recent years, not only for its implications in cancer diagnostics and prognostics, but also for its role in therapeutic responses. Chromosomal alterations are mainly used to determine genetic heterogeneity in tumors, but CIN could also reveal treatment efficacy, as many therapies are based on increasing CIN, which causes aberrant cells to undergo apoptosis. However, it should be noted that contradictory findings on the implications of CIN for the therapeutic response have been reported, with some studies associating high CIN with a better therapeutic response and others associating it with therapeutic resistance. Considering these observations, it is necessary to increase our understanding of the role CIN plays not only in tumor development, but also in therapeutic responses. This review focuses on recent studies that suggest possible mechanisms and consequences of CIN in different disease types, with a primary focus on cancer outcomes and therapeutic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Vargas-Rondón
- School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja 150003, Colombia.
| | - Victoria E Villegas
- Biology Program, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia.
| | - Milena Rondón-Lagos
- School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja 150003, Colombia.
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20
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Song L, Bhuvaneshwar K, Wang Y, Feng Y, Shih IM, Madhavan S, Gusev Y. CINdex: A Bioconductor Package for Analysis of Chromosome Instability in DNA Copy Number Data. Cancer Inform 2017; 16:1176935117746637. [PMID: 29343938 PMCID: PMC5761903 DOI: 10.1177/1176935117746637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The CINdex Bioconductor package addresses an important area of high-throughput genomic analysis. It calculates the chromosome instability (CIN) index, a novel measurement that quantitatively characterizes genome-wide copy number alterations (CNAs) as a measure of CIN. The advantage of this package is an ability to compare CIN index values between several groups for patients (case and control groups), which is a typical use case in translational research. The differentially changed cytobands or chromosomes can then be linked to genes located in the affected genomic regions, as well as pathways. This enables in-depth systems biology-based network analysis and assessment of the impact of CNA on various biological processes or clinical outcomes. This package was successfully applied to analysis of DNA copy number data in colorectal cancer as a part of multi-omics integrative study as well as for analysis of several other cancer types. The source code, along with an end-to-end tutorial, and example data are freely available in Bioconductor at http://bioconductor.org/packages/CINdex/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Song
- Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Krithika Bhuvaneshwar
- Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yue Wang
- The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Yuanjian Feng
- The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Ie-Ming Shih
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Subha Madhavan
- Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yuriy Gusev
- Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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21
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Alonso MH, Aussó S, Lopez-Doriga A, Cordero D, Guinó E, Solé X, Barenys M, de Oca J, Capella G, Salazar R, Sanz-Pamplona R, Moreno V. Comprehensive analysis of copy number aberrations in microsatellite stable colon cancer in view of stromal component. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:421-431. [PMID: 28683472 PMCID: PMC5537504 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Somatic copy number aberrations (CNAs) are common acquired changes in cancer cells having an important role in the progression of colon cancer (colorectal cancer, CRC). This study aimed to perform a characterisation of CNA and their impact in gene expression. METHODS Copy number aberrations were inferred from SNP array data in a series of 99 CRC. Copy number aberration events were calculated and used to assess the association between copy number dosage, clinical and molecular characteristics of the tumours, and gene expression changes. All analyses were adjusted for the quantity of stroma in each sample, which was inferred from gene expression data. RESULTS High heterogeneity among samples was observed; the proportion of altered genome ranged between 0.04 and 26.6%. Recurrent CNA regions with gains were frequent in chromosomes 7p, 8q, 13q, and 20, whereas 8p, 17p, and 18 cumulated losses. A significant positive correlation was observed between the number of somatic mutations and total CNA (Spearman's r=0.42, P=0.006). Approximately 37% of genes located in CNA regions changed their level of expression and the average partial correlation (adjusted for stromal content) with copy number was 0.54 (interquartile range 0.20 to 0.81). Altered genes showed enrichment in pathways relevant for CRC. Tumours classified as CMS2 and CMS4 by the consensus molecular subtyping showed higher frequency of CNA. Losses of one small region in 1p36.33, with gene CDK11B, were associated with poor prognosis. More than 66% of the recurrent CNA were validated in the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data when analysed with the same procedure. Furthermore, 79% of the genes with altered expression in our data were validated in the TCGA. CONCLUSIONS Although CNA are frequent events in microsatellite stable CRC, few focal recurrent regions were found. These aberrations have strong effects on gene expression and contribute to deregulate relevant cancer pathways. Owing to the diploid nature of stromal cells, it is important to consider the purity of tumour samples to accurately calculate CNA events in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Henar Alonso
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), CIBERESP, Gran Via 199, Hospitalet Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.,Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy Cancer Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susanna Aussó
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), CIBERESP, Gran Via 199, Hospitalet Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.,Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy Cancer Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adriana Lopez-Doriga
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), CIBERESP, Gran Via 199, Hospitalet Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.,Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy Cancer Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Cordero
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), CIBERESP, Gran Via 199, Hospitalet Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.,Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy Cancer Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Guinó
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), CIBERESP, Gran Via 199, Hospitalet Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.,Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy Cancer Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Solé
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), CIBERESP, Gran Via 199, Hospitalet Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.,Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy Cancer Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Barenys
- Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy Cancer Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.,Gastroenterology Service, Hospital de Viladecans, Barcelona, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier de Oca
- Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy Cancer Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Capella
- Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy Cancer Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.,Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) and CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Salazar
- Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy Cancer Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.,Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) and CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rebeca Sanz-Pamplona
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), CIBERESP, Gran Via 199, Hospitalet Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.,Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy Cancer Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor Moreno
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), CIBERESP, Gran Via 199, Hospitalet Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.,Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy Cancer Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
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Miwa T, Kanda M, Tanaka H, Tanaka C, Kobayashi D, Umeda S, Iwata N, Hayashi M, Yamada S, Fujii T, Fujiwara M, Kodera Y. FBXO50 Enhances the Malignant Behavior of Gastric Cancer Cells. Ann Surg Oncol 2017; 24:3771-3779. [PMID: 28560594 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-017-5882-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Challenges to our understanding the molecular mechanisms of the progression of gastric cancer (GC) must be overcome to facilitate the identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In this article, we analyzed the expression of the gene encoding F-box-only 50 (FBXO50) and determined whether it contributes to the malignant phenotype of GC. METHODS FBXO50 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels and copy numbers of the FBXO50 locus were determined in 10 GC cell lines and a nontumorigenic epithelial cell line. Polymerase chain reaction array analysis was performed to identify genes coordinately expressed with FBXO50. The effects of inhibiting FBXO50 on GC cell proliferation, adhesion, invasiveness, and migration were evaluated using a small interfering RNA targeted to FBXO50 mRNA. To evaluate the clinical significance of FBXO50 expression, we determined the levels of FBXO50 mRNA in tissues acquired from 200 patients with GC. RESULTS The levels of FBXO50 mRNA were increased in five GC cell lines and positively correlated with those of ITGA5, ITGB1, MMP2, MSN, COL5A2, GNG11, and WNT5A. Copy number gain of the FBXO50 locus was detected in four GC cell lines. Inhibition of FBXO50 expression significantly decreased the proliferation, adhesion, migration, and invasiveness of GC cell lines. In clinical samples, high FBXO50 expression correlated with increased pT4, invasive growth, lymph node metastasis, and positive peritoneal lavage cytology. Patients with high FBXO50 expression had a significantly higher prevalence of recurrence after curative gastrectomy and were more likely to experience shorter overall survival. CONCLUSIONS FBXO50 may represent a biomarker for GC phenotypes and as a target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Miwa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Haruyoshi Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chie Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinichi Umeda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoki Iwata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masamichi Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Suguru Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujii
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Michitaka Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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23
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López-García C, Sansregret L, Domingo E, McGranahan N, Hobor S, Birkbak NJ, Horswell S, Grönroos E, Favero F, Rowan AJ, Matthews N, Begum S, Phillimore B, Burrell R, Oukrif D, Spencer-Dene B, Kovac M, Stamp G, Stewart A, Danielsen H, Novelli M, Tomlinson I, Swanton C. BCL9L Dysfunction Impairs Caspase-2 Expression Permitting Aneuploidy Tolerance in Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Cell 2017; 31:79-93. [PMID: 28073006 PMCID: PMC5225404 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) contributes to cancer evolution, intratumor heterogeneity, and drug resistance. CIN is driven by chromosome segregation errors and a tolerance phenotype that permits the propagation of aneuploid genomes. Through genomic analysis of colorectal cancers and cell lines, we find frequent loss of heterozygosity and mutations in BCL9L in aneuploid tumors. BCL9L deficiency promoted tolerance of chromosome missegregation events, propagation of aneuploidy, and genetic heterogeneity in xenograft models likely through modulation of Wnt signaling. We find that BCL9L dysfunction contributes to aneuploidy tolerance in both TP53-WT and mutant cells by reducing basal caspase-2 levels and preventing cleavage of MDM2 and BID. Efforts to exploit aneuploidy tolerance mechanisms and the BCL9L/caspase-2/BID axis may limit cancer diversity and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos López-García
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Laurent Sansregret
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Enric Domingo
- Oxford Centre for Cancer Gene Research, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK; Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Nicholas McGranahan
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC2E 6DD, UK
| | - Sebastijan Hobor
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Nicolai Juul Birkbak
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC2E 6DD, UK
| | - Stuart Horswell
- Bioinformatics Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Eva Grönroos
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Francesco Favero
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Cancer System Biology, Centre for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Andrew J Rowan
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Nicholas Matthews
- Advanced Sequencing Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Sharmin Begum
- Advanced Sequencing Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Benjamin Phillimore
- Advanced Sequencing Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Rebecca Burrell
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Dahmane Oukrif
- Research Department of Pathology, University College London Medical School, University Street, London WC1E 6JJ, UK
| | - Bradley Spencer-Dene
- Experimental Histopathology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Michal Kovac
- Oxford Centre for Cancer Gene Research, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - Gordon Stamp
- Experimental Histopathology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Aengus Stewart
- Bioinformatics Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Havard Danielsen
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Ullernchausseen 70, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Marco Novelli
- Research Department of Pathology, University College London Medical School, University Street, London WC1E 6JJ, UK
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Oxford Centre for Cancer Gene Research, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - Charles Swanton
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC2E 6DD, UK.
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24
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Koh HM, Jang BG, Hyun CL, Kim YS, Hyun JW, Chang WY, Maeng YH. Aurora Kinase A Is a Prognostic Marker in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma. J Pathol Transl Med 2016; 51:32-39. [PMID: 28013532 PMCID: PMC5267544 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2016.10.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aurora kinase A (AURKA), or STK15/BTAK, is a member of the serine/threonine kinase family and plays important roles in mitosis and chromosome stability. This study investigated the clinical significance of AURKA expression in colorectal cancer patients in Korea. METHODS AURKA protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 151 patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma using tissue microarray blocks. We analyzed the relationship between clinicopathological characteristics and AURKA expression. In addition, the prognostic significance of various clinicopathological data for progression-free survival (PFS) was assessed. Also we evaluated copy number variations by array comparative genomic hybridization and AURKA gene amplification using fluorescence in situ hybridization in colorectal carcinoma tissues. RESULTS AURKA gene amplification was found more frequently in the 20q13.2-13.33 gain-positive group than the group with no significant gain on the AURKA-containing locus. AURKA protein expression was detected in 45% of the cases (68/151). Positive staining for AURKA was observed more often in male patients (p = .035) and distally located tumors (p = .021). PFS was shorter in patients with AURKA expression compared to those with low-level AURKA expression (p < .001). Univariate analysis revealed that AURKA expression (p = .001), age (p = .034), lymphatic invasion (p = .001), perineural invasion (p = .002), and TNM stage (p = .013) significantly affected PFS. In a multivariate analysis of PFS, a Cox proportional hazard model confirmed that AURKA expression was an independent and significant prognostic factor in colorectal adenocarcinoma (hazard ratio, 3.944; p < .001). CONCLUSIONS AURKA could serve as an independent factor to predict a poor prognosis in Korean colorectal adenocarcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Min Koh
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Bo Geun Jang
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Chang Lim Hyun
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Young Sill Kim
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- Department of Biochemistry, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Weon Young Chang
- Department of Surgery, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Young Hee Maeng
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
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25
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Lefebvre C, Bachelot T, Filleron T, Pedrero M, Campone M, Soria JC, Massard C, Lévy C, Arnedos M, Lacroix-Triki M, Garrabey J, Boursin Y, Deloger M, Fu Y, Commo F, Scott V, Lacroix L, Dieci MV, Kamal M, Diéras V, Gonçalves A, Ferrerro JM, Romieu G, Vanlemmens L, Mouret Reynier MA, Théry JC, Le Du F, Guiu S, Dalenc F, Clapisson G, Bonnefoi H, Jimenez M, Le Tourneau C, André F. Mutational Profile of Metastatic Breast Cancers: A Retrospective Analysis. PLoS Med 2016; 13:e1002201. [PMID: 28027327 PMCID: PMC5189935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major advances have been achieved in the characterization of early breast cancer (eBC) genomic profiles. Metastatic breast cancer (mBC) is associated with poor outcomes, yet limited information is available on the genomic profile of this disease. This study aims to decipher mutational profiles of mBC using next-generation sequencing. METHODS AND FINDINGS Whole-exome sequencing was performed on 216 tumor-blood pairs from mBC patients who underwent a biopsy in the context of the SAFIR01, SAFIR02, SHIVA, or Molecular Screening for Cancer Treatment Optimization (MOSCATO) prospective trials. Mutational profiles from 772 primary breast tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used as a reference for comparing primary and mBC mutational profiles. Twelve genes (TP53, PIK3CA, GATA3, ESR1, MAP3K1, CDH1, AKT1, MAP2K4, RB1, PTEN, CBFB, and CDKN2A) were identified as significantly mutated in mBC (false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.1). Eight genes (ESR1, FSIP2, FRAS1, OSBPL3, EDC4, PALB2, IGFN1, and AGRN) were more frequently mutated in mBC as compared to eBC (FDR < 0.01). ESR1 was identified both as a driver and as a metastatic gene (n = 22, odds ratio = 29, 95% CI [9-155], p = 1.2e-12) and also presented with focal amplification (n = 9) for a total of 31 mBCs with either ESR1 mutation or amplification, including 27 hormone receptor positive (HR+) and HER2 negative (HER2-) mBCs (19%). HR+/HER2- mBC presented a high prevalence of mutations on genes located on the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway (TSC1 and TSC2) as compared to HR+/HER2- eBC (respectively 6% and 0.7%, p = 0.0004). Other actionable genes were more frequently mutated in HR+ mBC, including ERBB4 (n = 8), NOTCH3 (n = 7), and ALK (n = 7). Analysis of mutational signatures revealed a significant increase in APOBEC-mediated mutagenesis in HR+/HER2- metastatic tumors as compared to primary TCGA samples (p < 2e-16). The main limitations of this study include the absence of bone metastases and the size of the cohort, which might not have allowed the identification of rare mutations and their effect on survival. CONCLUSIONS This work reports the results of the analysis of the first large-scale study on mutation profiles of mBC. This study revealed genomic alterations and mutational signatures involved in the resistance to therapies, including actionable mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Bachelot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Inserm U1052, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Filleron
- Biostatistics Department, Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Mario Campone
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de l’Ouest, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Charles Soria
- INSERM Unit U981, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Sud, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Christelle Lévy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Monica Arnedos
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | | | - Yannick Boursin
- Bioinformatics core facility, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Marc Deloger
- Bioinformatics core facility, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Yu Fu
- INSERM Unit U981, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | | | - Ludovic Lacroix
- INSERM Unit U981, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Department of Medical Biology and Pathology, Translational research laboratory and biobank, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Maria Vittoria Dieci
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV—IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Maud Kamal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris & Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Véronique Diéras
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris & Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Anthony Gonçalves
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Marc Ferrerro
- Department of Clinical Research, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Gilles Romieu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | - Fanny Le Du
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Séverine Guiu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Florence Dalenc
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Hervé Bonnefoi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U916, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Christophe Le Tourneau
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris & Saint-Cloud, France
- EA7285, Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Fabrice André
- INSERM Unit U981, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Sud, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- * E-mail:
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26
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Zhao H, Shi ZZ, Jiang R, Zhao DB, Zhou HT, Liang JW, Bi XY, Zhao JJ, Li ZY, Zhou JG, Huang Z, Zhang YF, Wang J, Xu X, Cai Y, Wang MR, Zhang Y. Metastasis associated genomic aberrations in stage II rectal cancer. Genes Genomics 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-016-0453-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Conconi D, Redaelli S, Bovo G, Leone BE, Filippi E, Ambrosiani L, Cerrito MG, Grassilli E, Giovannoni R, Dalprà L, Lavitrano M. Unexpected frequency of genomic alterations in histologically normal colonic tissue from colon cancer patients. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:13831-13842. [PMID: 27481518 PMCID: PMC5097093 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5181-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As shown by genomic studies, colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly heterogeneous disease, where copy number alterations (CNAs) may greatly vary among different patients. To explore whether CNAs may be present also in histologically normal tissues from patients affected by CRC, we performed CGH + SNP Microarray on 15 paired tumoral and normal samples. Here, we report for the first time the occurrence of CNAs as a common feature of the histologically normal tissue from CRC patients, particularly CNAs affecting different oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes, including some not previously reported in CRC and others known as being involved in tumor progression. Moreover, from the comparison of normal vs paired tumoral tissue, we were able to identify three groups: samples with an increased number of CNAs in tumoral vs normal tissue, samples with a similar number of CNAs in both tissues, and samples with a decrease of CNAs in tumoral vs normal tissue, which may be likely due to a selection of the cell population within the tumor. In conclusion, our approach allowed us to uncover for the first time an unexpected frequency of genetic alteration in normal tissue, suggesting that tumorigenic genetic lesions are already present in histologically normal colonic tissue and that the use in array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) studies of normal samples as reference for the paired tumors can lead to misrepresented genomic data, which may be incomplete or limited, especially if used for the research of target molecules for personalized therapy and for the possible correlation with clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Conconi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy.
| | - Serena Redaelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - Giorgio Bovo
- Unit of Pathology, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Biagio Eugenio Leone
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy.,Section of Pathology, Desio Hospital, Desio, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Grazia Cerrito
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - Emanuela Grassilli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - Roberto Giovannoni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - Leda Dalprà
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy.,Medical Genetics Laboratory, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Lavitrano
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy
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Braxton DR, Zhang R, Morrissette JD, Loaiza-Bonilla A, Furth EE. Clinicopathogenomic analysis of mismatch repair proficient colorectal adenocarcinoma uncovers novel prognostic subgroups with differing patterns of genetic evolution. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:1546-56. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David R. Braxton
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Ray Zhang
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | | | - Arturo Loaiza-Bonilla
- Division of Hematology/Oncology; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Emma E. Furth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
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29
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Wang H, Liang L, Fang JY, Xu J. Somatic gene copy number alterations in colorectal cancer: new quest for cancer drivers and biomarkers. Oncogene 2015; 35:2011-9. [PMID: 26257062 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) results from the accumulation of genetic alterations, and somatic copy number alterations (CNAs) are crucial for the development of CRC. Genome-wide survey of CNAs provides opportunities for identifying cancer driver genes in an unbiased manner. The detection of aberrant CNAs may provide novel markers for the early diagnosis and personalized treatment of CRC. A major challenge in array-based profiling of CNAs is to distinguish the alterations that play causative roles from the random alterations that accumulate during colorectal carcinogenesis. In this view, we systematically discuss the frequent CNAs in CRC, focusing on functional genes that have potential diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - L Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - J-Y Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - J Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
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30
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Stage-specific frequency and prognostic significance of aneuploidy in patients with sporadic colorectal cancer--a meta-analysis and current overview. Int J Colorectal Dis 2015; 30:1015-28. [PMID: 26054386 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-015-2259-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aneuploidy has long been suggested as an independent prognostic marker for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and could thus aid for individualized medicine. However, due to a large spectrum of deviating studies, expert panels do not recommend ploidy assessment. In order to clarify a potential bias of stage-specific frequency of aneuploidy, we now conducted a meta-analysis combined with a systematic review regarding aneuploidy and prognosis. METHODS A systematic, web-based search process retrieved 1935 studies published in English between 1990 and 2011. The defined endpoint for the meta-analysis was an increase in aneuploidy frequency between early- (Dukes A, B and UICC I, II; n = 3632 samples) and late-stage (Dukes C, D and UICC III, IV; n = 3440 samples) colorectal carcinomas. RESULTS Of 1935 studies initially identified, 17 image (2130 patients) and 20 (7023 patients) flow cytometric studies were analyzed in detail. The meta-analysis (7072 patients) revealed late-stage CRC to be more frequently aneuploid than early-stage CRC (odds ratio 1.51, 95 % CI 1.37-1.67; p = 0.0007). Independent of tumor stage, the overall range of aneuploidy was 39 to 81 % (median 58 %), and altogether, 21 (54.1 %) studies described a significant prognostic impact of aneuploidy for overall, disease-specific, and recurrence-free survival, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A substantial number of studies showed a prognostic importance of aneuploidy in CRC. Furthermore, the higher frequency of aneuploidy in late-stage CRC implies an increase in genomic instability with CRC progression, indicating aneuploidy to be also a stage-specific prognostic marker.
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Mansoori AA, Jain SK. Molecular Links between Alcohol and Tobacco Induced DNA Damage, Gene Polymorphisms and Patho-physiological Consequences: A Systematic Review of Hepatic Carcinogenesis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:4803-12. [PMID: 26163595 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.12.4803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcohol and tobacco abuse plays a crucial role in the development of different liver associated disorders. Intake promotes the generation of reactive oxygen species within hepatic cells exposing their DNA to continuous oxidative stress which finally leads to DNA damage. However in response to such damage an entangled protective repair machinery comprising different repair proteins like ATM, ATR, H2AX, MRN complex becomes activated. Under abnormal conditions the excessive reactive oxygen species generation results in genetic predisposition of various genes (as ADH, ALDH, CYP2E1, GSTT1, GSTP1 and GSTM1) involved in xenobiotic metabolic pathways, associated with susceptibility to different liver related diseases such as fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. There is increasing evidence that the inflammatory process is inherently associated with many different cancer types, including hepatocellular carcinomas. The generated reactive oxygen species can also activate or repress epigenetic elements such as chromatin remodeling, non-coding RNAs (micro-RNAs), DNA (de) methylation and histone modification that affect gene expression, hence leading to various disorders. The present review provides comprehensive knowledge of different molecular mechanisms involved in gene polymorphism and their possible association with alcohol and tobacco consumption. The article also showcases the necessity of identifying novel diagnostic biomarkers for early cancer risk assessment among alcohol and tobacco users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Anvesh Mansoori
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Hari Singh Gour Central University, Sagar, M.P. India E-mail :
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32
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Rouquier S, Pillaire MJ, Cazaux C, Giorgi D. Expression of the microtubule-associated protein MAP9/ASAP and its partners AURKA and PLK1 in colorectal and breast cancers. DISEASE MARKERS 2014; 2014:798170. [PMID: 24876664 PMCID: PMC4022107 DOI: 10.1155/2014/798170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal and breast cancers are among the most common cancers worldwide. They result from a conjugated deficiency of gene maintenance and cell cycle control. OBJECTIVE We investigate the expression of the microtubule-associated protein MAP9/ASAP and its two partners AURKA and PLK1 in colorectal tumors as well as in ductal breast cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS 26 colorectal cancer samples and adjacent normal tissues and 77 ductal breast cancer samples from grade I to grade III were collected. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to analyse the expression of MAP9, AURKA, and PLK1. Results. Expression of MAP9 is downregulated in colorectal cancer compared to normal tissues (P > 10(-3)), whereas those of AURKA and PLK1 are upregulated (P > 10(-4)). In ductal breast cancer, we found a grade-dependent increase of AURKA expression (P > 10(-3)), while the variations of expression of MAP9 and PLK1 are not significant (P > 0.2). CONCLUSIONS MAP9 downregulation is associated with colorectal malignancy and could be used as a disease marker and a new drug target, while AURKA and PLK1 are upregulated. In ductal breast cancer, AURKA overexpression is strongly associated with the tumor grade and is therefore of prognostic value for the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Rouquier
- Institute of Human Genetics, UPR 1142, CNRS, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34396 Montpellier, France
| | - Marie-Jeanne Pillaire
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, U1037, ERL5294, INSERM, CNRS and University Paul Sabatier, University of Toulouse, 205, route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Christophe Cazaux
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, U1037, ERL5294, INSERM, CNRS and University Paul Sabatier, University of Toulouse, 205, route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Dominique Giorgi
- Institute of Human Genetics, UPR 1142, CNRS, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34396 Montpellier, France
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