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Kang YJ, Kwon YH, Jang JY, Lee JH, Lee S, Park Y, Moon HR, Chung HY, Kim ND. MHY2251, a New SIRT1 Inhibitor, Induces Apoptosis via JNK/p53 Pathway in HCT116 Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2023; 31:73-81. [PMID: 35811306 PMCID: PMC9810441 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2022.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) belong to the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent class III histone deacetylase family. They are key regulators of cellular and physiological processes, such as cell survival, senescence, differentiation, DNA damage and stress response, cellular metabolism, and aging. SIRTs also influence carcinogenesis, making them potential targets for anticancer therapeutic strategies. In this study, we investigated the anticancer properties and underlying molecular mechanisms of a novel SIRT1 inhibitor, MHY2251, in human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. MHY2251 reduced the viability of various human CRC cell lines, especially those with wild-type TP53. MHY2251 inhibited SIRT1 activity and SIRT1/2 protein expression, while promoting p53 acetylation, which is a target of SIRT1 in HCT116 cells. MHY2251 treatment triggered apoptosis in HCT116 cells. It increased the percentage of late apoptotic cells and the sub-G1 fraction (as detected by flow cytometric analysis) and induced DNA fragmentation. In addition, MHY2251 upregulated the expression of FasL and Fas, altered the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, downregulated the levels of pro-caspase-8, -9, and -3 proteins, and induced subsequent poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. The induction of apoptosis by MHY2251 was related to the activation of the caspase cascade, which was significantly attenuated by pre-treatment with Z-VAD-FMK, a pan-caspase inhibitor. Furthermore, MHY2251 stimulated the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and MHY2251-triggered apoptosis was blocked by pre-treatment with SP600125, a JNK inhibitor. This finding indicated the specific involvement of JNK in MHY2251-induced apoptosis. MHY2251 shows considerable potential as a therapeutic agent for targeting human CRC via the inhibition of SIRT1 and activation of JNK/p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jung Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Kwon
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yoon Jang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanggwon Lee
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Park
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Deuk Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea,Corresponding Author E-mail: , Tel: +82-51-510-2801, Fax: +82-51-513-6754
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Seo SH, Shin JH, Ham DW, Shin EH. PTEN/AKT signaling pathway related to hTERT downregulation and telomere shortening induced in Toxoplasma GRA16-expressing colorectal cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113366. [PMID: 35810694 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether the molecular mechanism of granule protein 16 (GRA16), a dense granule protein of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) that induces cancer cell apoptosis, results in telomere shortening in cancer cells. The molecular mechanism of GRA16 responsible for regulating telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) activity and telomere shortening was investigated using GRA16-transferred HCT116 human colorectal cancer cells (GRA16-stable cells). GRA16 directly decreased hTERT expression by downregulating the expression and phosphorylation of hTERT transcriptional factors accompanied by decreased expression of shelterin complex molecules. Moreover, GRA16 resulted in cancer cell death through reduction of telomerase activity which leads to telomere shortening (decreased relative ratio of telomeric repeat-amplified sequence to that of a single-copy gene) (T/S ratio)), and at the same time gamma-H2A histone family member X (γ-H2A.X) stained nucleus was increased in the cells. The molecular mechanism between GRA16 and hTERT inactivation was revealed using inhibitors for phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) as well as siRNAs against PTEN and PP2A. hTERT dephosphorylation was induced effectively by the signaling pathway of HAUSP/PTEN/p-AKT(S473) but not by PP2A-B55/p-AKT(T308). Inhibition of the PTEN signaling pathway increased mRNA expressions in hTERT transcriptional factors, cell cycle activating factors, and apoptosis-inhibiting factors. When HCT116 cells were infected with T. gondii, the number of γ-H2A.X-stained nuclei also increased and p-hTERT/hTERT decreased as in GRA16-stable cells. Altogether, our results emphasize that GRA16 is a novel promising telomerase inhibitor that causes telomere shortening through telomerase inactivation by inducing the activation of the tumor suppressor PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hwan Seo
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hun Shin
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Won Ham
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Shin
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea.
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Nittayaboon K, Leetanaporn K, Sangkhathat S, Roytrakul S, Navakanitworakul R. Cytotoxic effect of metformin on butyrate-resistant PMF-K014 colorectal cancer spheroid cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113214. [PMID: 35676792 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models are used in cancer research because they mimic physiological responses in vivo compared with two-dimensional (2D) culture systems. Recently, cross-resistance of butyrate-resistant (BR) cells and chemoresistance in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells have been reported; however, effective treatments for BR cells have not been identified. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxicity of metformin (MET), an anti-diabetic drug, on BR CRC cells in a 3D spheroid culture model. The results demonstrate that MET decreases spheroid size, migration, and spheroid viability, while it increases spheroid death. The molecular mechanism revealed that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Akt serine/threonine kinase 1(Akt) were significantly upregulated, whereas the acetyl-CoA-carboxylase (ACC) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) were downregulated, which led to caspase activation and apoptosis. Our findings show the potential cytotoxicity of MET on CRC-BR cells. The combination of MET and conventional chemotherapeutic drugs should be addressed in further studies to reduce the side effects of standard chemotherapy for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesara Nittayaboon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
| | - Kittinun Leetanaporn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
| | - Surasak Sangkhathat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
| | - Sittirak Roytrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
| | - Raphatphorn Navakanitworakul
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
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Han W, Kong D, Lu Q, Zhang W, Fan Z. Aloperine inhibits colorectal cancer cell proliferation and metastasis progress via regulating miR-296-5p/STAT3 axis. Tissue Cell 2021; 74:101706. [PMID: 34883316 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Anti-tumorous effect of Aloperine (ALO) has been previously found. This study examined the role and the underlying mechanism of ALO in colorectal cancer (CRC). CRC cells were processed by different concentrations of ALO, and subsequently the cell proliferation was detected by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and miR-296-5p expression was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Moreover, the target gene of miR-296-5p was predicted by TargetScan and confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. The expressions of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), apoptosis-related proteins and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers were measured by Western blot. Clone formation assay, flow cytometry, wound-healing and Transwell assays were respectively employed to detect cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion. ALO inhibited CRC cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. MiR-296-5p was low-expressed in CRC tissues and cells, and ALO promoted miR-296-5p expression. STAT3 was targeted by miR-296-5p. Up-regulation of miR-296-5p and ALO treatment both suppressed STAT3 expression, inhibited CRC cell proliferation, migration, invasion as well as the expressions of Bcl-2 and N-cadherin, but promoted apoptosis and expressions of Bax and E-cadherin, which were all reversed by overexpressed STAT3. ALO inhibited CRC cell proliferation, metastasis and EMT but promoted apoptosis via regulating miR-296-5p/STAT3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Han
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China; Chinese Medicine Modernization and Big Data Research Center, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210012, China; Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210012, China
| | - Desong Kong
- Chinese Medicine Modernization and Big Data Research Center, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210012, China
| | - Qin Lu
- Department of Proctology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210012, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210012, China
| | - Zhimin Fan
- Department of Proctology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210012, China.
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Hiraishi N, Kanmura S, Oda K, Arima S, Kumagai K, Mawatari S, Tanoue S, Sasaki F, Hashimoto S, Ido A. Extract of Lactobacillus plantarum strain 06CC2 induces JNK/p38 MAPK pathway-mediated apoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum stress in Caco2 colorectal cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Rep 2019; 20:100691. [PMID: 31650040 PMCID: PMC6804738 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2019.100691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a multi-factorial disease involving genetic, environmental and lifestyle risk factors. In recent years, many changes in the bacterial composition of the intestinal microflora have been reported in colorectal cancer, suggesting the involvement of the intestinal microflora in the development and progression of colorectal cancer. Along with these reports, research on lactic acid bacteria that have a beneficial effect on the human body for the purpose of improving the intestinal environment and treating intestinal diseases has advanced. Among these studies, biogenics (defined as a component derived from lactic acid bacteria that acts directly on diseases regardless of the state of intestinal microflora) is a recent concept derived from the work on probiotics. Based on this concept, it is important to evaluate the effectiveness of various components derived from lactic acid bacteria in the treatment to diseases from and apply them in prevention and treatment. In this study, we investigated the antitumor effect of an extract obtained from Lactobacillus plantarum strain 06CC2 on colorectal cancer cells. In in vitro experiments, the extract derived from Lactobacillus plantarum 06CC2 significantly suppressed the proliferation of Caco2 colorectal cancer cells in comparison to control and non-cancer cells. Furthermore, we found that endoplasmic reticulum stress and the JNK/p38 MAPK signaling system are involved in the induction of apoptosis. These findings indicate the direct antitumor effect of the Lactobacillus plantarum 06CC2 extract on Caco2 colorectal cancer cells, and that this extract may have potential application as a biogenics. An extract of Lactobacillus plantarum strain 06CC2 (LP06CC2) significantly suppressed colorectal cancer cell proliferation. LP06CC2 induced mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in Caco2 colorectal cancer cells. LP06CC2 activated JNK/p38 MAPK signaling via endoplasmic reticulum stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Hiraishi
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Shuji Kanmura
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kouhei Oda
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Shiho Arima
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kotaro Kumagai
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Seiichi Mawatari
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Shiroh Tanoue
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Fumisato Sasaki
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Shinichi Hashimoto
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Akio Ido
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
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Tam SY, Wu VWC, Law HKW. Dynamics of oxygen level-driven regulators in modulating autophagy in colorectal cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 517:193-200. [PMID: 31331640 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a common cancer with metachronous distant metastases still threatening overall survival. Tumor oxygen level influences tumor radiosensitivity in relation to autophagy and apoptosis. The objective of this study is to evaluate the expression and interaction between multiple key regulators in different oxygen levels. Human colorectal adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells were cultured in 1% or 10% oxygen level and irradiated by 2 Gy with different incubation time. Autophagy key regulators, AMPK, HIFs and JNK were evaluated by Western blot. Sequential autophagy key regulator activation was observed in the order of AMPK, HIF-1α, HIF-2α and JNK. 10% oxygen level could promote autophagy with similar degree of autophagy activation as 1% oxygen level in 48-h while irradiation could slightly inhibit autophagy. The results of this study supported prior evaluation of oxygen level and autophagy regulators for improving treatment efficacy and indicated the possible directions in developing individualized radiotherapy by selective targeting of hypoxic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shing Yau Tam
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong.
| | - Vincent W C Wu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong.
| | - Helen K W Law
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong.
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Abstract
CTP synthase (CTPS), the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo CTP biosynthesis, has been demonstrated to assemble into evolutionarily conserved filamentous structures, termed cytoophidia, in Drosophila, bacteria, yeast and mammalian cells. However, the regulation and function of the cytoophidium remain elusive. Here, we provide evidence that the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway controls cytoophidium assembly in mammalian and Drosophila cells. In mammalian cells, we find that inhibition of mTOR pathway attenuates cytoophidium formation. Moreover, CTPS cytoophidium assembly appears to be dependent on the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) mainly. In addition, knockdown of the mTORC1 downstream target S6K1 can inhibit cytoophidium formation, while overexpression of the constitutively active S6K1 reverses mTOR knockdown-induced cytoophidium disassembly. Finally, reducing mTOR protein expression results in a decrease of the length of cytoophidium in Drosophila follicle cells. Therefore, our study connects CTPS cytoophidium formation with the mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Ji-Long Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China; MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, United Kingdom.
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Febles NK, Chandrasekaran S, Fang Y. Resonant Waveguide Grating Imager for Single Cell Monitoring of the Invasion of 3D Speheroid Cancer Cells Through Matrigel. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1571:143-60. [PMID: 28281255 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6848-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The invasion of cancer cells through their surrounding extracellular matrices is the first critical step to metastasis, a devastating event to cancer patients. However, in vitro cancer cell invasion is mostly studied using two-dimensional (2D) models. Three-dimensional (3D) multicellular spheroids may offer an advantageous cell model for cancer research and oncology drug discovery. This chapter describes a label-free, real-time, and single-cell approach to quantify the invasion of 3D spheroid colon cancer cells through Matrigel using a spatially resolved resonant waveguide grating imager.
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Jang YS, Jo YK, Sim JJ, Ji E, Jeong KY, Kim HM. Lactate calcium salt affects the viability of colorectal cancer cells via betaine homeostasis. Life Sci 2016. [PMID: 26800787 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.01.030.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Betaine plays an important role in cellular homeostasis. However, the physiological roles of betaine-γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter (BGT-1) are still being disputed in cancer. In this study, we tried to find the possibility of the antitumor effect on colorectal cancer (CRC) cell via lactate calcium salt (CaLa)-induced BGT-1 downregulation. MAIN METHODS The CRC cell viability and clonogenic assay was performed using different doses of BGT-1 inhibitor. The expression level of BGT-1 was measured following the treatment of 2.5mM CaLa. Betaine was treated to confirm the resistance of the antitumor activity by CaLa. Tumor growth was also measured using a xenograft animal model. KEY FINDINGS Long-term exposure of 2.5mM CaLa clearly decreased the expression of BGT-1 in the CRC cells. As a result of the downregulation of BGT-1 expression, the clonogenic ability of CRC cells was also decreased in the 2.5mM CaLa-treated group. Reversely, the number of colonies and cell viability was increased by combination treatment with betaine and 2.5mM CaLa, as compared with a single treatment of 2.5mM CaLa. Tumor growth was significantly inhibited in the xenograft model depending on BGT-1 downregulation by 2.5mM CaLa treatment. SIGNIFICANCE These results support the idea that long-lasting calcium supplementation via CaLa contributes to disruption of betaine homeostasis in the CRC cells and is hypothesized to reduce the risk of CRC. In addition, it indicates the possibility of CaLa being a potential incorporating agent with existing therapeutics against CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong-Su Jang
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Jo
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Jun Sim
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Ji
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Yeong Jeong
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hwan Mook Kim
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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Yang C, Li C, Li M, Tong X, Hu X, Yang X, Yan X, He L, Wan C. CYP2S1 depletion enhances colorectal cell proliferation is associated with PGE2-mediated activation of β-catenin signaling. Exp Cell Res 2014; 331:377-86. [PMID: 25557876 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal epithelial cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world and its 5-year survival rate is still relatively low. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in epithelial cells lining the alimentary tract play an important role in the oxidative metabolism of a wide range of xenobiotics, including (pro-)carcinogens and endogenous compounds. Although CYP2S1, a member of CYP family, strongly expressed in many extrahepatic tissues, the role of CYP2S1 in cancer remains unclear. To investigate whether CYP2S1 involves in colorectal carcinogenesis, cell proliferation was analyzed in HCT116 cells depleted of CYP2S1 using small hairpin interfering RNA. Our data show that CYP2S1 knockdown promotes cell proliferation through increasing the level of endogenous prostaglandin E2(PGE2). PGE2, in turn, reduces phosphorylation of β-catenin and activates β-catenin signaling, which contributes to the cell proliferation. Furthermore, CYP2S1 knockdown increase tumor growth in xenograft mouse model. In brief, these results demonstrate that CYP2S1 regulates colorectal cancer growth through associated with PGE2-mediated activation of β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Changyuan Li
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Minle Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xuemei Tong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaowen Hu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xuhan Yang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiaomei Yan
- School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lin He
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Chunling Wan
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
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Xie FW, Peng YH, Chen X, Chen X, Li J, Yu ZY, Wang WW, Ouyang XN. Regulation and expression of aberrant methylation on irinotecan metabolic genes CES2, UGT1A1 and GUSB in the in-vitro cultured colorectal cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2013; 68:31-7. [PMID: 24439671 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2013.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the aberrant methylation gene expression related to the irinotecan (CPT-11) metabolic enzymes in different colorectal cancer cell strains; provide new thoughts and measures for reverse of tumor drug resistance. METHODS Studied the aberrant methylation state of CES2, UGT1A1 and GUSB in eight colorectal cancer cell strains through MSP method; and analyze the expression of the target gene after being dealt with DAC. RESULTS UGT1A1 showed methylation in five cell strains, while CES2 and GUSB respectively showed consistent unmethylation or hemimethylation. After being dealt with DAC, CES2 and GUSB mRNA showed different expressions but not significant. The expression quantity of UGT1A1mRNA in the low-expression cell strains increased significantly. The expression of UGT1A1 protein where POSITIVE presented low expression was up-regulated to different degrees. Negative tropism was found in CES2 and UGT1A1. CONCLUSION Methylation in UGT1A1 gene expression silencing as an important mechanism; methylation could provide an effective target for methylation regulation intervening in the treatment of CPT-11. Meanwhile, studies found that the changes in expressions of CES2 and GUSB might be resulted from some unknown target that still existed during the regulation, or from the influence of methylation in the non-core zone of promoters on the gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Wei Xie
- Department of Medicine Oncology, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, 350025 Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Yong-Hai Peng
- Department of Medicine Oncology, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, 350025 Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Medicine Oncology, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, 350025 Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiong Chen
- Department of Medicine Oncology, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, 350025 Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Medicine Oncology, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, 350025 Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zong-Yang Yu
- Department of Medicine Oncology, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, 350025 Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wen-Wu Wang
- Department of Medicine Oncology, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, 350025 Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xue-Nong Ouyang
- Department of Medicine Oncology, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, 350025 Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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Xu HX, Ma WQ, Yang RJ, Wang YM, Wang LJ, Zang LQ, He XX. Small interfering RNA-mediated MIF knockdown reduces cell invasion in murine colorectal cancer cell line CT-26. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2012; 20:3000-3004. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v20.i31.3000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of the macrophage migration-inhibitory factor (MIF) gene on cell invasion in murine colorectal cancer cell line CT-26 and to explore possible mechanisms involved.
METHODS: CT-26 cells were divided into three groups: experimental group, control group, and blank group. The experimental group and control group were treated with a siRNA specific for the MIF gene (MIF siRNA) and a nonspecific siRNA, respectively, while the blank group was not treated with any agent. Transwell assay was used to determine cell invasion. ELISA was used to determine the level of MIF protein in cell supernatants, and the expression of MIF, CD74, tiam1 and E-cadherin mRNAs was detected by RT-PCR.
RESULTS: Twenty-four hours after treatment, cell invasion was significantly inhibited and the level of MIF protein in supernatants significantly declined in the experimental group compared to the control and blank groups (P = 0.012, 0.020). Compared to the control and blank groups, the expression of MIF, CD74 and tiam1 mRNAs decreased significantly and that of E-cadherin mRNA increased significantly (PE-Cadherin = 0.001) in the experimental group. In addition, the levels of MIF and CD74 proteins significantly declined in the experimental group compared to the control and the blank groups (PMIF = 0.006; PCD74 = 0.016).
CONCLUSION: MIF siRNA inhibits the invasion of CT-26 cells possibly by down-regulating the expression of MIF, CD74 and tiam1 and up-regulating the expression of E-cadherin.
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