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Tolue Ghasaban F, Ghanei M, Mahmoudian RA, Taghehchian N, Abbaszadegan MR, Moghbeli M. MicroRNAs as the critical regulators of epithelial mesenchymal transition in pancreatic tumor cells. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30599. [PMID: 38726188 PMCID: PMC11079401 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC), as one of the main endocrine and digestive systems malignancies has the highest cancer related mortality in the world. Lack of the evident clinical symptoms and appropriate diagnostic markers in the early stages of tumor progression are the main reasons of the high mortality rate among PC patients. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the molecular pathways involved in the PC progression, in order to introduce novel early diagnostic methods. Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical cellular process associated with pancreatic tumor cells invasion and distant metastasis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are also important regulators of EMT process. In the present review, we discussed the role of miRNAs in regulation of EMT process during PC progression. It has been reported that the miRNAs mainly regulate the EMT process in pancreatic tumor cells through the regulation of EMT-specific transcription factors and several signaling pathways such as WNT, NOTCH, TGF-β, JAK/STAT, and PI3K/AKT. Considering the high stability of miRNAs in body fluids and their role in regulation of EMT process, they can be introduced as the non-invasive diagnostic markers in the early stages of malignant pancreatic tumors. This review paves the way to introduce a non-invasive EMT based panel marker for the early tumor detection among PC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Tolue Ghasaban
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Ghanei
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reihaneh Alsadat Mahmoudian
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Negin Taghehchian
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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2
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Saleh O, Shihadeh H, Yousef A, Erekat H, Abdallh F, Al-Leimon A, Elsalhy R, Altiti A, Dajani M, AlBarakat MM. The Effect of Intratumor Heterogeneity in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Progression and Treatment. Pancreas 2024; 53:e450-e465. [PMID: 38728212 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies. Even though many substantial improvements in the survival rates for other major cancer forms were made, pancreatic cancer survival rates have remained relatively unchanged since the 1960s. Even more, no standard classification system for pancreatic cancer is based on cellular biomarkers. This review will discuss and provide updates about the role of stem cells in the progression of PC, the genetic changes associated with it, and the promising biomarkers for diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The search process used PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases to identify the relevant and related articles. Articles had to be published in English to be considered. RESULTS The increasing number of studies in recent years has revealed that the diversity of cancer-associated fibroblasts is far greater than previously acknowledged, which highlights the need for further research to better understand the various cancer-associated fibroblast subpopulations. Despite the huge diversity in pancreatic cancer, some common features can be noted to be shared among patients. Mutations involving CDKN2, P53, and K-RAS can be seen in a big number of patients, for example. Similarly, some patterns of genes and biomarkers expression and the level of their expression can help in predicting cancer behavior such as metastasis and drug resistance. The current trend in cancer research, especially with the advancement in technology, is to sequence everything in hopes of finding disease-related mutations. CONCLUSION Optimizing pancreatic cancer treatment requires clear classification, understanding CAF roles, and exploring stroma reshaping approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Othman Saleh
- From the Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa
| | | | | | - Hana Erekat
- School of medicine, University of Jordan, Amman
| | - Fatima Abdallh
- From the Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa
| | | | | | | | - Majd Dajani
- From the Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa
| | - Majd M AlBarakat
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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3
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Pal A, Ojha A, Ju J. Functional and Potential Therapeutic Implication of MicroRNAs in Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17523. [PMID: 38139352 PMCID: PMC10744132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The alarmingly low five-year survival rate for pancreatic cancer presents a global health challenge, contributing to about 7% of all cancer-related deaths. Late-stage diagnosis and high heterogeneity are the biggest hurdles in treating pancreatic cancer. Thus, there is a pressing need to discover novel biomarkers that could help in early detection as well as improve therapeutic strategies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of short non-coding RNA, have emerged as promising candidates with regard to both diagnostics and therapeutics. Dysregulated miRNAs play pivotal roles in accelerating tumor growth and metastasis, orchestrating tumor microenvironment, and conferring chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer. The differential expression profiles of miRNAs in pancreatic cancer could be utilized to explore novel therapeutic strategies. In this review, we also covered studies on recent advancements in various miRNA-based therapeutics such as restoring miRNAs with a tumor-suppressive function, suppressing miRNA with an oncogenic function, and combination with chemotherapeutic drugs. Despite several challenges in terms of specificity and targeted delivery, miRNA-based therapies hold the potential to revolutionize the treatment of pancreatic cancer by simultaneously targeting multiple signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amartya Pal
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; (A.P.); (A.O.)
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Anushka Ojha
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; (A.P.); (A.O.)
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jingfang Ju
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; (A.P.); (A.O.)
- The Northport Veteran’s Administration Medical Center, Northport, NY 11768, USA
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4
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Zhao Y, Qin C, Zhao B, Wang Y, Li Z, Li T, Yang X, Wang W. Pancreatic cancer stemness: dynamic status in malignant progression. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:122. [PMID: 37173787 PMCID: PMC10182699 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02693-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies worldwide. Increasing evidence suggests that the capacity for self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of pancreatic cancer stem cells (PCSCs) contribute to major challenges with current PC therapies, causing metastasis and therapeutic resistance, leading to recurrence and death in patients. The concept that PCSCs are characterized by their high plasticity and self-renewal capacities is central to this review. We focused specifically on the regulation of PCSCs, such as stemness-related signaling pathways, stimuli in tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME), as well as the development of innovative stemness-targeted therapies. Understanding the biological behavior of PCSCs with plasticity and the molecular mechanisms regulating PC stemness will help to identify new treatment strategies to treat this horrible disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure On Translational Medicine in, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure On Translational Medicine in, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
| | - Bangbo Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure On Translational Medicine in, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure On Translational Medicine in, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeru Li
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure On Translational Medicine in, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure On Translational Medicine in, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure On Translational Medicine in, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
| | - Weibin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China.
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure On Translational Medicine in, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Sun MX, An HY, Sun YB, Sun YB, Bai B. LncRNA EBLN3P attributes methotrexate resistance in osteosarcoma cells through miR-200a-3p/O-GlcNAc transferase pathway. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:557. [PMID: 36544170 PMCID: PMC9773527 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03449-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma is highly malignant. The migration, invasion, and chemoresistance contribute to poor prognosis of osteosarcoma. Research reported that endogenous bornavirus-like nucleoprotein 3 pseudogene (EBLN3P) promotes the progression of osteosarcoma. METHODS In this study, the expression of EBLN3P in osteosarcoma tissue with different methotrexate (MTX) treatment responses was measured. Osteosarcoma cell lines with MTX resistance were constructed, and bioinformatic analysis was performed to explore the potential involved targets and pathways. RESULTS Higher EBLN3P was associated with MTX resistance. Downregulation of LncEBLN3P decreased the MTX resistance of osteosarcoma cells by sponging miR-200a-3p, an important microRNA that affects epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The decreased miR-200a-3p resulted in the upregulation of its target gene O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), which in turn promoted the EMT process of osteosarcoma cells. Further analysis confirmed that the loss of OGT and over-expression of miR-200a-3p could partly abolish the MTX resistance induced by LncEBLN3P. CONCLUSION LncEBLN3P is upregulated in osteosarcoma and increases the MTX resistance in osteosarcoma cells through downregulating miR-200a-3p, which in turn promoted the EMT process of osteosarcoma cells by increasing the OGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xia Sun
- The Operation Room, Chengde Central Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Hai-Yan An
- The Operation Room, Chengde Central Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Yan-Bin Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chengde Central Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Yan-bao Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chengde Central Hospital, No. 11 Guangren Street, Shuangqiao District, Chengde, 067000 Hebei China
| | - Bing Bai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chengde Central Hospital, No. 11 Guangren Street, Shuangqiao District, Chengde, 067000 Hebei China
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6
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Yuen JG, Fesler A, Hwang GR, Chen LB, Ju J. Development of 5-FU-modified tumor suppressor microRNAs as a platform for novel microRNA-based cancer therapeutics. Mol Ther 2022; 30:3450-3461. [PMID: 35933584 PMCID: PMC9637772 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNAs) are pleiotropic post-transcriptional modulators of gene expression. Their inherently pleiotropic nature makes miRNAs strong candidates for the development of cancer therapeutics, yet despite their potential, there remains a challenge to deliver nucleic acid-based therapies into cancer cells. We developed a novel approach to modify miRNAs by replacing the uracil bases with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in the guide strand of tumor suppressor miRNAs, thereby combining the therapeutic effect of 5-FU with tumor-suppressive effect of miRNAs to create a potent, multi-targeted therapeutic molecule without altering its native RNAi function. To demonstrate the general applicability of this approach to other tumor-suppressive miRNAs, we screened a panel of 12 novel miRNA mimetics in several cancer types, including leukemia, breast, gastric, lung, and pancreatic cancer. Our results show that 5-FU-modified miRNA mimetics have increased potency (low nanomolar range) in inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and that these mimetics can be delivered into cancer cells without delivery vehicle both in vitro and in vivo, thus representing significant advancements in the development of therapeutic miRNAs for cancer. This work demonstrates the potential of fluoropyrimidine modifications that can be broadly applicable and may serve as a platform technology for future miRNA and nucleic acid-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Yuen
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | | | - Ga-Ram Hwang
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Lan-Bo Chen
- Curamir Therapeutics Inc., Woburn, MA 01801, USA
| | - Jingfang Ju
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Curamir Therapeutics Inc., Woburn, MA 01801, USA.
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7
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Klicka K, Grzywa TM, Mielniczuk A, Klinke A, Włodarski PK. The role of miR-200 family in the regulation of hallmarks of cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:965231. [PMID: 36158660 PMCID: PMC9492973 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.965231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MiRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally contributing to the development of different diseases including cancer. The miR-200 family consists of five members, miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-200c, miR-141, and miR-429. Their expression is dysregulated in cancer tissue and their level is altered in the body fluids of cancer patients. Moreover, the levels of miR-200 family members correlate with clinical parameters such as cancer patients' survival which makes them potentially useful as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. MiRNAs can act as either oncomiRs or tumor suppressor miRNAs depending on the target genes and their role in the regulation of key oncogenic signaling pathways. In most types of cancer, the miR-200 family acts as tumor suppressor miRNA and regulates all features of cancer. In this review, we summarized the expression pattern of the miR-200 family in different types of cancer and their potential utility as biomarkers. Moreover, we comprehensively described the role of miR-200 family members in the regulation of all hallmarks of cancer proposed by Hanahan and Weinberg with the focus on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasiveness, and metastasis of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Klicka
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz M. Grzywa
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Alicja Klinke
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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8
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Popov A, Mandys V. Senescence-Associated miRNAs and Their Role in Pancreatic Cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2022; 28:1610156. [PMID: 35570840 PMCID: PMC9098800 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2022.1610156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Replicative senescence is irreversible cell proliferation arrest for somatic cells which can be circumvented in cancers. Cellular senescence is a process, which may play two opposite roles. On the one hand, this is a natural protection of somatic cells against unlimited proliferation and malignant transformation. On the other hand, cellular secretion caused by senescence can stimulate inflammation and proliferation of adjacent cells that may promote malignancy. The main genes controlling the senescence pathways are also well known as tumor suppressors. Almost 140 genes regulate both cellular senescence and cancer pathways. About two thirds of these genes (64%) are regulated by microRNAs. Senescence-associated miRNAs can stimulate cancer progression or act as tumor suppressors. Here we review the role playing by senescence-associated miRNAs in development, diagnostics and treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Popov
- Department of Pathology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czechia
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9
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microRNA-21 Regulates Stemness in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031275. [PMID: 35163198 PMCID: PMC8835847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common and aggressive type of pancreatic cancer (PCa) with a low survival rate. microRNAs (miRs) are endogenous, non-coding RNAs that moderate numerous biological processes. miRs have been associated with the chemoresistance and metastasis of PDAC and the presence of a subpopulation of highly plastic "stem"-like cells within the tumor, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). In this study, we investigated the role of miR-21, which is highly expressed in Panc-1 and MiaPaCa-2 PDAC cells in association with CSCs. Following miR-21 knockouts (KO) from both MiaPaCa-2 and Panc-1 cell lines, reversed expressions of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and CSCs markers were observed. The expression patterns of key CSC markers, including CD44, CD133, CX-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), and aldehyde dehydrogenase-1 (ALDH1), were changed depending on miR-21 status. miR-21 (KO) suppressed cellular invasion of Panc-1 and MiaPaCa-2 cells, as well as the cellular proliferation of MiaPaCa-2 cells. Our data suggest that miR-21 is involved in the stemness of PDAC cells, may play roles in mesenchymal transition, and that miR-21 poses as a novel, functional biomarker for PDAC aggressiveness.
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10
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The emerging role of miR-200 family in metastasis: focus on EMT, CSCs, angiogenesis, and anoikis. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:6935-6947. [PMID: 34510322 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06666-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer is the second major threat to human society and one of the main challenges facing healthcare systems. One of the main problems of cancer care is the metastases of cancer cells that cause 90% of deaths due to cancer. Multiple molecular mechanisms are involved in cancer cell metastasis. Therefore, a better understanding of these molecular mechanisms is necessary for designing restrictive strategies against cancer cell metastasis. Accumulating data suggests that MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in metastasis and invasion of human tumors through regulating multiple genes expression levels that are involved in molecular mechanisms of metastasis. The goal of this review is to present the molecular pathways by which the miR 200 family manifests its effects on EMT, cancer stem cells, angiogenesis, anoikis, and the effects of tumor cell metastases. METHODS A detailed literature search was conducted to find information about the role of the miR-200 family in the processes involved in metastasis in various databases. RESULTS Numerous lines of evidence revealed an association between the mir-200 family and metastasis of human tumors by impressing processes such as cancer stem cells, EMT, angiogenesis, and anoikis. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the molecular mechanisms associated with metastasis in which the miR-200 family is involved can be effective in treating metastatic cancers.
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11
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Zhu H, Liu X. Advances of Tumorigenesis, Diagnosis at Early Stage, and Cellular Immunotherapy in Gastrointestinal Malignancies. Front Oncol 2021; 11:666340. [PMID: 34434889 PMCID: PMC8381364 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.666340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, in 2018, 4.8 million new patients have a diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, while 3.4 million people died of such disorders. GI malignancies are tightly relevant to 26% of the world-wide cancer incidence and occupies 35% of all cancer-associated deaths. In this article, we principally investigated molecular and cellular mechanisms of tumorigenesis in five major GI cancers occurring at esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, and colorectal region that illustrate high morbidity in Eastern and Western countries. Moreover, through this investigation, we not only emphasize importance of the tumor microenvironment in development and treatment of malignant tumors but also identify significance of M2PK, miRNAs, ctDNAs, circRNAs, and CTCs in early detection of GI cancers, as well as systematically evaluate contribution of personalized precision medicine including cellular immunotherapy, new antigen and vaccine therapy, and oncolytic virotherapy in treatment of GI cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Zhu
- Precision and Personalized Cancer Treatment Center, Division of Cancer Diagnosis & Therapy, Ciming Boao International Hospital, Boao Lecheng International Medical Tourism Pilot Zone, Qionghai, China.,Stem Cell and Biotherapy Technology Research Center, Xinxiang Medical College, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Division of Cellular & Biomedical Science, Ciming Boao International Hospital, Boao Lecheng International Medical Tourism Pilot Zone, Qionghai, China
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12
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Wehbe Z, Kreydiyyeh S. Cow's milk may be delivering potentially harmful undetected cargoes to humans. Is it time to reconsider dairy recommendations? Nutr Rev 2021; 80:874-888. [PMID: 34338770 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian evolution has shaped milk into a species-specific vehicle for post-natal development, continuing what began within the mother's womb. Increased consumption of the mother's breast milk is associated with the most adequate metabolic programming and lowers the incidence of the diseases of civilization during adulthood. An abundance of short sequences of RNA, known as microRNA, exists in mammalian breast milk, enclosed within robust small extracellular vesicles known as exosomes. These microRNAs can epigenetically regulate over 60% of human genes. When cow's milk is consumed by humans, the bovine exosomes are transported through the gastrointestinal tract, detected intact in the blood stream, and taken up by target cells, where they alter protein expression. The aim of this review was to highlight the role of dairy exosomes and microRNA, and of the type of dairy product consumed, in human diseases. Given that microRNAs are involved in a vast array of physiological processes and associated with several diseases, perhaps caution should be practiced with regard to human consumption of dairy, particularly for individuals within developmentally critical time frames, such as pregnant and lactating mothers, and young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zena Wehbe
- Z. Wehbe and S. Kreydiyyeh are with the Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sawsan Kreydiyyeh
- Z. Wehbe and S. Kreydiyyeh are with the Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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13
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Dai ZT, Xiang Y, Duan YY, Wang J, Li JP, Zhang HM, Cheng C, Wang Q, Zhang TC, Liao XH. MiR-17-5p and MKL-1 modulate stem cell characteristics of gastric cancer cells. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2278-2293. [PMID: 34239355 PMCID: PMC8241736 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.57338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Effectively targeting cancer stem cells to treat cancer has great therapeutic prospects. However, the effect of microRNA miR-17/MKL-1 on gastric cancer stem cells has not been studied yet. This study preliminarily explored the mechanism of miR-17/MKL-1 in gastric cancer stem cells. Many previous reports have indicated that microRNA and EMT regulated cancer stem cell characteristics, and miR-17 and MKL-1 were involved as a critical gene in migration and invasion in the EMT pathway. Through RT-PCR, Western Blot, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, sphere formation xenograft tumor assays and drug resistance, the role of miR-17-5p and MKL-1 on promoting stem cell-like properties of gastric cancer were verified in vivo and vitro. Next, MKL-1 targets CD44, EpCAM, and miR -17-5p promoter verified by luciferase assay and ChIP. Besides, the TCGA database analysis found that both miR-17-5p and MKL-1 increased in gastric cancer, and the prognostic survival of the MKL-1 high expression group was reduced. It is found that MKL-1 promotes expression by targeting miR-17, CD44 and EpCAM promoters. Besides, the TCGA database analysis found that both miR-17-5p and MKL-1 increased in gastric cancer, and the prognostic survival of the MKL-1 high expression group was reduced. These findings reveal new regulatory signaling pathways for gastric cancer stem cells, thus it give new insights on potential early diagnosis and/or molecular therapy for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou-Tong Dai
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei, 430081, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Xiang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, 430014, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Duan
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei, 430081, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei, 430081, P.R. China
| | - Jia Peng Li
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei, 430081, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Min Zhang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei, 430081, P.R. China
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei, 430081, P.R. China
| | - Tong-Cun Zhang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei, 430081, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tinajin, 300457, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Hua Liao
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei, 430081, P.R. China
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14
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Miao H, Lu J, Guo Y, Qiu H, Zhang Y, Yao X, Li X, Lu Y. LncRNA TP73-AS1 enhances the malignant properties of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by increasing MMP14 expression through miRNA -200a sponging. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:3654-3664. [PMID: 33683827 PMCID: PMC8034458 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an invasive and aggressive cancer that remains a major threat to human health across the globe. Despite advances in cancer treatments and diagnosis, the prognosis of PDAC patients remains poor. New and more effective PDAC therapies are therefore urgently required. In this study, we identified a novel host factor, namely the LncRNA TP73-AS1, as overexpressed in PDAC tissues compared to adjacent healthy tissue samples. The overexpression of TP-73-AS1 was found to correlate with both PDAC stage and lymph node metastasis. To reveal its role in PDCA, we targeted TP73-AS1 using LnRNA inhibitors in a range of pancreatic cancer (PC) cell lines. We found that the inhibition of TP73-AS1 led to a loss of MMP14 expression in PC cells and significantly inhibited their migratory and invasive capacity. No effects of TP73-AS1 on cell survival or proliferation were observed. Mechanistically, we found that TP73-AS1 suppressed the expression of the known oncogenic miR-200a. Taken together, these data highlight the prognostic potential of TP73-AS1 for PC patients and highlight it as a potential anti-PDAC therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Miao
- Research Center of Clinical Medical and Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of General Surgery, The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, China
| | - Jingjing Lu
- Research Center of Clinical Medical and Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yibing Guo
- Research Center of Clinical Medical and Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hongquan Qiu
- Research Center of Clinical Medical and Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Research Center of Clinical Medical and Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xihao Yao
- Research Center of Clinical Medical and Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Research Center of Clinical Medical and Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yuhua Lu
- Research Center of Clinical Medical and Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Visitor scholar of Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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15
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Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition in Fibroblasts of Human Normal Lungs and Interstitial Lung Diseases. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030378. [PMID: 33806618 PMCID: PMC8000192 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In passages above ten and growing very actively, we observed that some human lung fibroblasts cultured under standard conditions were transformed into a lineage of epithelial-like cells (ELC). To systematically evaluate the possible mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET) occurrence, fibroblasts were obtained from normal lungs and also from lungs affected by idiopathic interstitial diseases. When an unusual epithelial-like phenotypic change was observed, cultured cells were characterized by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, immunoblotting, immunocytochemistry, cytofluorometry, gelatin zymography, RT-qPCR, and hybridization in a whole-transcript human microarray. Additionally, microvesicles fraction (MVs) from ELC and fibroblasts were used to induce MET, while the microRNAs (miRNAs) contained in the MVs were identified. Pattern-gene expression of the original fibroblasts and the derived ELC revealed profound changes, upregulating characteristic epithelial-cell genes and downregulating mesenchymal genes, with a marked increase of E-cadherin, cytokeratin, and ZO-1, and the loss of expression of α-SMA, collagen type I, and Thy-1 cell surface antigen (CD90). Fibroblasts, exposed to culture media or MVs from the ELC, acquired ELC phenotype. The miRNAs in MVs shown six expressed exclusively in fibroblasts, and three only in ELC; moreover, twelve miRNAs were differentially expressed between fibroblasts and ELC, all of them but one was overexpressed in fibroblasts. These findings suggest that the MET-like process can occur in human lung fibroblasts, either from normal or diseased lungs. However, the biological implication is unclear.
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16
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Hwang GR, Yuen JG, Ju J. Roles of microRNAs in Gastrointestinal Cancer Stem Cell Resistance and Therapeutic Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041624. [PMID: 33562727 PMCID: PMC7915611 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to cancer treatment is one of the major challenges currently faced when treating gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. A major contributing factor to this resistance is the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in GI cancers (e.g., colorectal, pancreatic, gastric, liver cancer). Non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), have been found to regulate several key targets that are responsible for cancer stemness, and function as oncogenic miRNAs (oncomiRs) or tumor suppressor miRNAs. As a result, several miRNAs have been found to alter, or be altered by, the expression of CSC-defining markers and their related pathways. These miRNAs can be utilized to affect stemness in multiple ways, including directly targeting CSCs and enhancing the efficacy of cancer therapeutics. This review highlights current studies regarding the roles of miRNAs in GI CSCs, and efforts towards the development of cancer therapeutics.
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17
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Yuan B, Bo W, Feng X, Hu Y, Zeng J. Overexpression of Rhophilin Rho GTPase-binding protein 2 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:382. [PMID: 33154780 PMCID: PMC7608026 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a serious public health problem in China. The mortality rate associated with the majority of cancer types has decreased as a result of targeted therapy. However, the mortality rates associated with hepatocellular carcinoma have not improved; therefore, the identification of new molecular targets is required for the development of novel targeted therapies. In the present study, a new molecular target, Rhophilin Rho GTPase-binding protein 2 (RHPN2), was identified. The levels of RHPN2 protein in tumor tissues were assessed via immunohistochemistry, while the mRNA levels were analyzed via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Additionally, cell viability was tested via MTT analysis. RHPN2 expression was upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues compared with that of matched adjacent normal tissues. More importantly, low expression of RHPN2 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma was associated with an improved prognosis rate compared with patients with high expression. Downregulation of RHPN2 reduced the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and increased the rate of apoptosis, whereas overexpression of RHPN2 demonstrated the opposite effects. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α was implicated in the mechanism of RHPN2. Overall, these data indicated that overexpression of RHPN2 may promote hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yuan
- Department of General Practice, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Wentao Bo
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Sichuan Provincial Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xielin Feng
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Sichuan Provincial Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yong Hu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Sichuan Provincial Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jiawei Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan 621099, P.R. China
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18
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Fu X, Hong L, Yang Z, Tu Y, Xin W, Zha M, Tu S, Sun G, Li Y, Xiao W. MicroRNA-148a-3p suppresses epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and stemness properties via Wnt1-mediated Wnt/β-catenin pathway in pancreatic cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:13020-13035. [PMID: 33026174 PMCID: PMC7701524 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although miR-148a-3p has been reported to function as a tumour suppressor in various cancers, the molecular mechanism of miR-148a-3p in regulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness properties of pancreatic cancer (PC) cells remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we demonstrated that miR-148a-3p expression was remarkably down-regulated in PC tissues and cell lines. Moreover, low expression of miR-148a-3p was associated with poorer overall survival (OS) in patients with PC. In vitro, gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments showed that miR-148a-3p suppressed EMT and stemness properties as well as the proliferation, migration and invasion of PC cells. A dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that Wnt1 was a direct target of miR-148a-3p, and its expression was inversely associated with miR-148a-3p in PC tissues. Furthermore, miR-148a-3p suppressed the Wnt/β-catenin pathway via down-regulation of Wnt1. The effects of ectopic miR-148a-3p were rescued by Wnt1 overexpression. These biological functions of miR-148a-3p in PC were also confirmed in a nude mouse xenograft model. Taken together, these findings suggest that miR-148a-3p suppresses PC cell proliferation, invasion, EMT and stemness properties via inhibiting Wnt1-mediated Wnt/β-catenin pathway and could be a potential prognostic biomarker as well as a therapeutic target in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Fu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Le Hong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhengjiang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi Tu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wanpeng Xin
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ming Zha
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shuju Tu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Gen Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Weidong Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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19
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Gong R, Jiang Y. Non-coding RNAs in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:309. [PMID: 32257946 PMCID: PMC7089935 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are reported to be expressed in human cancers, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). These ncRNAs affect the growth, migration and invasion of tumor cells by regulating cell cycle and apoptosis, as well as playing important roles in epigenetic processes, transcription and post-transcriptional regulation. It is still unclear whether alterations in ncRNAs influence PDAC development and progression. Because of this, analysis based on existing data on ncRNAs, which are crucial for modulating pancreatic tumorigenesis, will be important for future research on PDAC. Here, we summarize ncRNAs with tumor-promoting functions: HOTAIR, HOTTIP, MALAT1, lncRNA H19, lncRNA PVT1, circ-RNA ciRS-7, circ-0030235, circ-RNA_100782, circ-LDLRAD3, circ-0007534, circRHOT1, circZMYM2, circ-IARS, circ-RNA PDE8A, miR-21, miR-155, miR-221/222, miR-196b, miR-10a. While others including GAS5, MEG3, and lncRNA ENST00000480739, has_circ_0001649, miR-34a, miR-100, miR-217, miR-143 inhibit the proliferation and invasion of PDAC. Hence, we summarize the functions of ncRNAs in the occurrence, development and metastasis of PDAC, with the goal to provide guidance in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruining Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yueping Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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20
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Satheesh NJ, Samuel SM, Büsselberg D. Combination Therapy with Vitamin C Could Eradicate Cancer Stem Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010079. [PMID: 31947879 PMCID: PMC7022456 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the most feared and dreaded diseases in this era of modern medicine, claiming the lives of many, and affecting the quality of life of several others around the globe despite major advances in the diagnosis, treatment, palliative care and the immense resources invested into cancer research. While research in cancer has largely focused on the neoplasm/tumor and the cancerous cells that make up the tumor, more recently, the existence, proliferation, differentiation, migration and invasion of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and the role that CSCs play in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, drug resistance and relapse/recurrence of the disease has gained widespread interest in cancer research. Although the conventional therapeutic approaches such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy are effective cancer treatments, very often these treatment modalities fail to target the CSCs, which then later become the source of disease recurrence. A majority of the anti-cancer agents target rapidly dividing cancer cells and normal cells and hence, have side effects that are not expected. Targeting CSCs remains a challenge due to their deviant nature with a low proliferation rate and increased drug resistance mechanism. Ascorbic acid/Vitamin C (Vit.C), a potent antioxidant, is a cofactor for several biosynthetic and gene regulatory enzymes and a vital contributor to immune defense of the body, and was found to be deficient in patients with advanced stages of cancer. Vit.C has gained importance in the treatment of cancer due to its ability to modulate the redox status of the cell and influence epigenetic modifications and significant roles in HIF1α signaling. Studies have reported that intravenous administration of Vit.C at pharmacological doses selectively kills tumor cells and targets CSCs when administered along with chemotherapeutic drugs. In the current article, we provide an in-depth review of how Vit.C plays an important role in targeting CSCs and its possible use as an adjuvant, neoadjuvant or co-treatment in the treatment of cancers.
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21
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Fumagalli MR, Lionetti MC, Zapperi S, La Porta CAM. Cross-Talk Between circRNAs and mRNAs Modulates MiRNA-mediated Circuits and Affects Melanoma Plasticity. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT SOCIETY 2019; 12:95-104. [PMID: 31734859 PMCID: PMC6937352 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-019-00230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CircularRNAs (circRNAs) are non-coding RNAs which compete for microRNA (miRNA) binding, influencing the abundance and stability of other RNA species. Herein we have investigated the effect of circRNAs on the mir200-ZEB1 feedback loop in relationship with the aggressiveness of human melanoma cells. We first compared the level of expression of key factors in the mir200-ZEB1 feedback loop in primary human melanoma cells compared with their matching metastatic one and found a correlation between the aggressiveness of the cells and the level of expression of ZEB1 and SNAI1. We also analyzed factors in the mir200-ZEB1 feedback loop, including circZEB1, during the phenotypic switching of human melanoma cells. Our results showed a correlation between the level of ZEB1 and SNAI1 and the fraction of cancer stem cells in the population. The level of circZEB1 was, however, consistently high during the entire phenotypic transformation. To understand this result we propose a mathematical model of the regulatory circuit. According to the model, the experimental observations can be explained by the presence of a back-splicing factor limiting circRNA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rita Fumagalli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biofisica, via Celoria 26, Milano, 20133, Italy
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Lionetti
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Stefano Zapperi
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Physics, University of Milano, via Celoria 16, Milano, 20133, Italy
- CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l'Energia, Via R. Cozzi 53, Milano, 20125, Italy
| | - Caterina A M La Porta
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, Milano, 20133, Italy.
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biofisica, via Celoria 26, Milano, 20133, Italy.
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22
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Tesfaye AA, Azmi AS, Philip PA. miRNA and Gene Expression in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:58-70. [PMID: 30558723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a challenging disease that is mostly diagnosed late in the course of the illness. Unlike other cancers in which measurable successes have been achieved with traditional chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and, recently, immunotherapy, PDAC has proved to be poorly responsive to these treatments, with only marginal to modest incremental benefits using conventional cytotoxic therapy. There is, therefore, a great unmet need to develop better therapies based on improved understanding of biology and identification of predictive and prognostic biomarkers that would guide therapy. miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that regulate the expression of some key genes by targeting their 3'-untranslated mRNA region. Aberrant expression of miRNAs has been linked to the development of various malignancies, including PDAC. A series of miRNAs have been identified as potential tools for early diagnosis, prediction of treatment response, and prognosis of patients with PDAC. In this review, we present a summary of the miRNAs that have been studied in PDAC in the context of disease biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anteneh A Tesfaye
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Philip A Philip
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
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23
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Integrative Network Analysis Reveals a MicroRNA-Based Signature for Prognosis Prediction of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1056431. [PMID: 31275959 PMCID: PMC6582839 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1056431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a heterogeneous disease, which has been recently classified into four molecular subtypes, of which the mesenchymal subtype exhibited the worst prognosis. We aimed to identify a microRNA- (miRNA-) based signature by incorporating the molecular modalities involved in the mesenchymal subtype for risk stratification, which would allow the identification of patients who might benefit from more rigorous treatments. Method We characterized the regulatory mechanisms underlying the mesenchymal subtype using network analyses integrating gene and miRNA expression profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort to identify a miRNA signature for prognosis prediction. Results We identified four miRNAs as the master regulators of the mesenchymal subtype and developed a risk score model. The 4-miRNA signature significantly predicted overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in discovery (p=0.004 and p=0.04) and two independent public datasets (GSE73582: OS, HR: 2.26 (1.26-4.05), p=0.005, PFS, HR: 2.03 (1.34-3.09), p<0.001; GSE25204: OS, HR: 3.07 (1.73-5.46), p<0.001, PFS, HR: 2.59 (1.72-3.88), p<0.001). Moreover, in multivariate analyses, the miRNA signature maintained as an independent prognostic predictor and achieved superior efficiency compared to the currently used clinical factors. Conclusions In conclusion, our network analysis identified a 4-miRNA signature which has prognostic value superior to currently reported clinical covariates. This signature warrants further testing and validation for use in clinical practice.
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24
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The expression level changes of microRNAs 200a/205 in the development of invasive properties in gastric cancer cells through epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 857:172426. [PMID: 31150646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
EMT (Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition) is a highly regulated process that results in cancer progression. MicroRNA plays a significant role in the regulation of EMT through tight control of the transcription factors. In this study, we focus on miR-200a/205 as a factor involved in the control of the EMT process in gastric cancer cells. In this sense, gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines were used to induce EMT process. For characterization of EMT process, the mRNA levels of E-cadherin, Vimentin, β-catenin, ZEB1 and Snail were measured by real time PCR. In addition, Western blot approach was adopted to determine the protein levels of these EMT markers. Transwell assay revealed migration and invasion property of gastric cancer cell after EMT induction. To analyze alteration amount of microRNAs, RT-PCR was applied. Our results confirmed the establishment of in vitro EMT model. In vitro study showed a significant negative correlation between the expression of miR-200a (P = 0.001) and expression level of EMT markers. Nevertheless, miR-205 did not show any significant results in correlation with EMT in AGS cell line. All in vitro results also were validated in gastric cancer tissue samples. Based on our findings from gastric cancer sample patients and in vitro results, miR-200a is down regulated. Therefore, in further investigation, miR-200a could be used as a candidate to prevent the invasive properties of gastric cancer through the EMT process.
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25
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Zhang J, Shi K, Huang W, Weng W, Zhang Z, Guo Y, Deng T, Xiang Y, Ni X, Chen B, Zhou M. The DNA methylation profile of non-coding RNAs improves prognosis prediction for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:107. [PMID: 31049029 PMCID: PMC6480888 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0828-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Compelling lines of evidence indicate that DNA methylation of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) plays critical roles in various tumour progression. In addition, the differential methylation of ncRNAs can predict prognosis of patients. However, little is known about the clear relationship between DNA methylation profile of ncRNAs and the prognosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) patients. Methods The data of DNA methylation, RNA-seq, miRNA-seq and clinical features of PAC patients were collected from TCGA database. The DNA methylation profile was obtained using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array. LASSO regression was performed to construct two methylation-based classifiers. The risk score of methylation-based classifiers was calculated for each patient, and the accuracy of the classifiers in predicting overall survival (OS) was examined by ROC curve analysis. In addition, Cox regression models were utilized to assess whether clinical variables and the classifiers were independent prognostic factors for OS. The targets of miRNA and the genes co-expressed with lncRNA were identified with DIANA microT-CDS and the Multi-Experiment Matrix (MEM), respectively. Moreover, DAVID Bioinformatics Resources were applied to analyse the functional enrichment of these targets and co-expressed genes. Results A total of 4004 CpG sites of miRNA and 11,259 CpG sites of lncRNA were screened. Among these CpG sites, 8 CpG sites of miRNA and 7 CpG sites of lncRNA were found with regression coefficients. By multiplying the sum of methylation degrees of the selected CpGs with these coefficients, two methylation-based classifiers were constructed. The classifiers have shown good performance in predicting the survival rate of PAC patients at varying follow-up times. Interestingly, both of these two classifiers were predominant and independent factors for OS. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that aberrantly methylated miRNAs and lncRNAs are related to calcium ion transmembrane transport and MAPK, Ras and calcium signalling pathways. Conclusion In the present study, we identified two methylation-based classifiers of ncRNA associated with OS in PAC patients through a comprehensive analysis of miRNA and lncRNA profiles. We are the first group to demonstrate a relationship between the aberrant DNA methylation of ncRNAs and the prognosis of PAC, and this relationship would contribute to individualized PAC therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12935-019-0828-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015 Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China
| | - Keqing Shi
- 2Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015 Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguo Huang
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015 Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China
| | - Wanqing Weng
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015 Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongjing Zhang
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015 Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Guo
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015 Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China
| | - Tuo Deng
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015 Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China
| | - Yukai Xiang
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015 Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Ni
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015 Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China
| | - Bicheng Chen
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015 Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China
| | - Mengtao Zhou
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015 Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China.,2Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015 Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China
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Jeddi F, Alipour S, Najafzadeh N, Dadashpour M, Pouremamali F, Sadeghi MR, Samadi N, Soozangar N, Khamaneh AM. Reduced Levels of miR-28 and miR-200a Act as Predictor Biomarkers of Aggressive Clinicopathological Characteristics in Gastric Cancer Patients. Galen Med J 2019; 8:e1329. [PMID: 34466494 PMCID: PMC8344053 DOI: 10.31661/gmj.v8i0.1329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in different pathological processes including cancer development and progression. To find novel molecular diagnostic and prognostic markers and promising therapeutic tools for gastric cancer (GC), we aimed to investigate the relationship of the expression levels of miR–28–5p or miR–200a–3p with the clinicopathological criteria and to explore their impacts on the progression of human GC. Materials and Methods: Quantitative RT–PCR was performed to analyze miR–28 and miR–200a expression in 60 GC and 60 non–GC tissue samples. Result: Our results revealed that the expressions of miR–200a and miR–28 were significantly downregulated in GC in comparison with non– GC tissues. Tumors with low miR–28 expression had larger tumor size, more advanced histological grade, and a higher incidence of lymph node and distal metastasis than the tumors with high miR–28 expressions. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses demonstrate that the expression of miR–28 is a predictive biomarker allows predicting the histological grade, tumor size, and occurrence of nodal and distal metastases. We also found a significant inverse association between miR–200a expression and the rate of lymph node metastasis (p = 0.010, r = –0.334). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the miR–28 and miR–200a have tumor–suppressor functions and may be considered as potential biomarkers for gastric cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Jeddi
- Research Laboratory for Embryology and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomical Sciences and Pathology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Shahriar Alipour
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Nowruz Najafzadeh
- Research Laboratory for Embryology and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomical Sciences and Pathology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mehdi Dadashpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Pouremamali
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Sadeghi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasser Samadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Narges Soozangar
- Research Laboratory for Embryology and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomical Sciences and Pathology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Correspondence to: Narges Soozangar, Research Laboratory for Embryology and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomical Sciences and Pathology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran Telephone Number: +989166910356 Email Address :
| | - Amir Mahdi Khamaneh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Hong X, Yu JJ. MicroRNA-150 suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion, and metastasis in prostate cancer through the TRPM4-mediated β-catenin signaling pathway. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 316:C463-C480. [PMID: 30566393 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00142.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among males. The aim of the current study was to investigate the ability of microRNA-150 (miR-150) targeting transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) to mediate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, and metastasis through the β-catenin signaling pathway in PCa. Microarray analysis was performed to identify PCa-related differentially expressed genes, after which both the mirDIP and TargetScan databases were employed in the prediction of the miRNAs regulating TRPM4. Immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR were conducted to determine the expression pattern of miR-150 and TRPM4 in PCa. The relationship between miR-150 and TRPM4 expression was identified. By perturbing miR-150 and TRPM4 expression in PCa cells, cell proliferation, migration, invasion, cycle, and apoptosis as well as EMT markers were determined accordingly. Finally, tumor growth and metastasis were evaluated among nude mice. Higher TRPM4 expression and lower miR-150 expression and activation of the β-catenin signaling pathway as well as EMT stimulation were detected in the PCa tissues. Our results confirmed TRPM4 as a target of miR-150. Upregulation of miR-150 resulted in inactivation of the β-catenin signaling pathway. Furthermore, the upregulation of miR-150 or knockdown of TRPM4 was observed to suppress EMT, proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro in addition to restrained tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. The evidence provided by our study highlights the involvement of miR-150 in the translational suppression of TRPM4 and the blockade of the β-catenin signaling pathway, resulting in the inhibition of PCa progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Hong
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai , China
| | - Jian-Jun Yu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai , China.,Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus , Shanghai , China
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Karihtala P, Porvari K, Soini Y, Eskelinen M, Juvonen P, Haapasaari KM. Expression Levels of microRNAs miR-93 and miR-200a in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma with Special Reference to Differentiation and Relapse-Free Survival. Oncology 2018; 96:164-170. [PMID: 30537722 DOI: 10.1159/000494274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Protein levels of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) and its inhibitor Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) have been proposed as prognostic factors in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs). These cellular redox-state-regulating enzymes are targeted by several microRNAs, including miR-93 and miR-200a. METHODS We assessed mRNA levels of Nrf2 and Keap1 and tissue expression of miR-93 and miR-200a in 51 patients with surgically treated PDAC. Expression levels were separately measured in malignant cells and adjacent benign cells. RESULTS Keap1 and Nrf2 mRNA expression levels in cancer cells were lower than in adjacent benign tissue (Wilcoxon's test; p = 0.0015 and p = 0.000032, respectively). Conversely, miR-93 expression was higher in cancer cells than in adjacent benign tissue (p = 0.00082). Low levels of miR-93 and miR-200a in cancer cells were associated with poorer differentiation (p = 0.004 and p = 0.002, respectively). In univariate survival analysis, benign-tissue levels of miR-200a above the median predicted better relapse-free survival (RFS) (p = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS High miR-93 and miR-200a levels in cancer cells of PDAC were associated with better differentiation, and miR-200a expression in benign tissue with excellent RFS. Keap1 and Nrf2 mRNA levels showed prominent down-regulation in cancerous versus benign tissue, but they were not associated with disease aggressiveness or outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peeter Karihtala
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland,
| | - Katja Porvari
- Department of Pathology, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ylermi Soini
- Department of Pathology, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Matti Eskelinen
- Department of Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petri Juvonen
- Department of Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsi-Maria Haapasaari
- Department of Pathology, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Rofi E, Vivaldi C, Del Re M, Arrigoni E, Crucitta S, Funel N, Fogli S, Vasile E, Musettini G, Fornaro L, Falcone A, Danesi R. The emerging role of liquid biopsy in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment monitoring of pancreatic cancer. Pharmacogenomics 2018; 20:49-68. [PMID: 30520336 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2018-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor DNA, circulating tumor cells and tumor-related exosomes may offer new opportunities to provide insights into the biological and clinical characteristics of a neoplastic disease. They represent alternative routes for diagnostic and prognostic purposes, and for predicting and longitudinally monitoring response to treatment and disease progression. Hence, circulating biomarkers represent promising noninvasive tools in the scenario of pancreatic cancer, where neither molecular nor clinical predictors of treatment benefit have been identified yet. This review aims to provide an overview of the current status of circulating biomarker research in pancreatic cancer, and discusses their potential clinical utility to facilitate clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Rofi
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Caterina Vivaldi
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Research & New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Marzia Del Re
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Arrigoni
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Crucitta
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Niccola Funel
- Department of Translational Research & The New Technologies in Medicine & Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Fogli
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Enrico Vasile
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Research & New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianna Musettini
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Research & New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Fornaro
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Research & New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Alfredo Falcone
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Research & New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Romano Danesi
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
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Baradaran B, Shahbazi R, Khordadmehr M. Dysregulation of key microRNAs in pancreatic cancer development. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:1008-1015. [PMID: 30551350 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is mentioned as one of the fourth major cause of cancer-related deaths and also is considered as one of the most malignancies worldwide. Sadly, widely metastasis is frequently observed at the time of PC detection and there are, thereby, almost poor prognosis and ineffective treatment in PC patients. microRNAs (miRNAs), a group of short non-coding RNAs, regulate various cellular and developmental mechanisms, such as cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and angiogenesis. Also, they have essential roles even on the progression of different human and animal diseases. In recent years, extensive studies confirmed the important role of miRNAs in various steps of PC developments, including; tumor initiation, invasion and metastasis, which can use valuably for cancer detection, prognosis and therapy. Therefore, the present study reviewed the new recent investigations in miRNAs involvement in the biology of PC associated with their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roya Shahbazi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, 51665-1647, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Monireh Khordadmehr
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, 51665-1647, Tabriz, Iran.
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Anti-fibrotic impact of Carvedilol in a CCl-4 model of liver fibrosis via serum microRNA-200a/SMAD7 enhancement to bridle TGF-β1/EMT track. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14327. [PMID: 30254303 PMCID: PMC6156520 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32309-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) play a role in modulating the prevalence of fibrosis and have been a target of the cardiac anti-fibrotic effect of Carvedilol. However, the impact of miRNAs on the hepatoprotective effect of this non-selective β-blocker has not been yet elucidated. Hence, the current goal is to evaluate the potential role of circulating miR-200a in the hepatic anti-fibrotic pathway of Carvedilol. Male Wistar rats were randomized into normal, CCl4 (2 ml/kg, i.p, twice weekly for 8 weeks), and CCl4 + Carvedilol (10 mg/kg, p.o, daily). Carvedilol over-expressed the circulating miR-200a to modulate epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers (vimentin, E-Cadherin). In turn, Carvedilol increased SMAD7 gene expression and protein content to attenuate the pro-fibrogenic marker transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and the inflammatory markers (p-38 MAPK and p-S536-NF-κB p65). The anti-fibrotic potential was reflected on the decreased expression of the mesenchymal product and EMT marker α-SMA, besides the improved histopathological examination, and the fibrosis scores/collagen quantification to enhance liver functions (AST, ALT, ALP, and AST/platelet ratio index; APRI). In conclusion, circulating miR-200a/SMAD7/TGF-β1/EMT/MAPK axis is crucial in the hepatic anti-fibrotic mechanism of Carvedilol.
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Karimi Dermani F, Amini R, Saidijam M, Najafi R. miR‐200c, a tumor suppressor that modulate the expression of cancer stem cells markers and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:6288-6295. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Karimi Dermani
- Research Center for Molecular MedicineHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | - Razieh Amini
- Research Center for Molecular MedicineHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | - Massoud Saidijam
- Research Center for Molecular MedicineHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | - Rezvan Najafi
- Research Center for Molecular MedicineHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
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34
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Chen JF, Luo X, Xiang LS, Li HT, Zha L, Li N, He JM, Xie GF, Xie X, Liang HJ. EZH2 promotes colorectal cancer stem-like cell expansion by activating p21cip1-Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 7:41540-41558. [PMID: 27172794 PMCID: PMC5173077 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Because colorectal cancer (CRC) stem-like cells (CCS-like cells) contribute to poor patient prognosis, these cells are a potential target for CRC therapy. However, the mechanism underlying the maintenance of CCS-like cell properties remains unclear. Here, we found that patients with advanced stage CRC expressed high levels of polycomb group protein enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2). High expression of EZH2 in tumor tissues correlated with poor patient prognosis. Conversely, silencing EZH2 reduced CRC cell proliferation. Surprisingly, EZH2 was more highly expressed in the CCS-like cell subpopulation than in the non-CCS-like cell subpopulation. EZH2 knockdown significantly reduced the CD133+/CD44+ subpopulation, suppressed mammosphere formation, and decreased the expression of self-renewal-related genes and strongly impaired tumor-initiating capacity in a re-implantation mouse model. Gene expression data from 433 human CRC specimens from TCGA database and in vitro results revealed that EZH2 helped maintain CCS-like cell properties by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. We further revealed that p21cip1–mediated arrest of the cell cycle at G1/S phase is required for EZH2 activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Moreover, the specific EZH2 inhibitor EPZ-6438, a clinical trial drug, prevented CRC progression. Collectively, these findings revealed EZH2 maintaining CCS-like cell characteristics by arresting the cell cycle at the G1/S phase. These results indicate a new approach to CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Fang Chen
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li-Sha Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong-Tao Li
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Zha
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ni Li
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian-Ming He
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gan-Feng Xie
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiong Xie
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hou-Jie Liang
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Peñarando J, López-Sánchez LM, Mena R, Guil-Luna S, Conde F, Hernández V, Toledano M, Gudiño V, Raponi M, Billard C, Villar C, Díaz C, Gómez-Barbadillo J, De la Haba-Rodríguez J, Myant K, Aranda E, Rodríguez-Ariza A. A role for endothelial nitric oxide synthase in intestinal stem cell proliferation and mesenchymal colorectal cancer. BMC Biol 2018; 16:3. [PMID: 29329541 PMCID: PMC5795284 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-017-0472-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide (NO) has been highlighted as an important agent in cancer-related events. Although the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) isoform has received most attention, recent studies in the literature indicate that the endothelial isoenzyme (eNOS) can also modulate different tumor processes including resistance, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. However, the role of eNOS in cancer stem cell (CSC) biology and mesenchymal tumors is unknown. RESULTS Here, we show that eNOS was significantly upregulated in VilCre ERT2 Apc fl/+ and VilCre ERT2 Apc fl/fl mouse intestinal tissue, with intense immunostaining in hyperproliferative crypts. Similarly, the more invasive VilCre ERT2 Apc fl/+ Pten fl/+ mouse model showed an overexpression of eNOS in intestinal tumors whereas this isoform was not expressed in normal tissue. However, none of the three models showed iNOS expression. Notably, when 40 human colorectal tumors were classified into different clinically relevant molecular subtypes, high eNOS expression was found in the poor relapse-free and overall survival mesenchymal subtype, whereas iNOS was absent. Furthermore, Apc fl/fl organoids overexpressed eNOS compared with wild-type organoids and NO depletion with the scavenger carboxy-PTIO (c-PTIO) decreased the proliferation and the expression of stem-cell markers, such as Lgr5, Troy, Vav3, and Slc14a1, in these intestinal organoids. Moreover, specific NO depletion also decreased the expression of CSC-related proteins in human colorectal cancer cells such as β-catenin and Bmi1, impairing the CSC phenotype. To rule out the contribution of iNOS in this effect, we established an iNOS-knockdown colorectal cancer cell line. NO-depleted cells showed a decreased capacity to form tumors and c-PTIO treatment in vivo showed an antitumoral effect in a xenograft mouse model. CONCLUSION Our data support that eNOS upregulation occurs after Apc loss, emerging as an unexpected potential new target in poor-prognosis mesenchymal colorectal tumors, where NO scavenging could represent an interesting therapeutic alternative to targeting the CSC subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Peñarando
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Avda Menéndez Pidal s/n, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Laura M López-Sánchez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Avda Menéndez Pidal s/n, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Mena
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Avda Menéndez Pidal s/n, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Silvia Guil-Luna
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Avda Menéndez Pidal s/n, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Conde
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Avda Menéndez Pidal s/n, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanessa Hernández
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Avda Menéndez Pidal s/n, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Marta Toledano
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Avda Menéndez Pidal s/n, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Gudiño
- The Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michela Raponi
- The Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Caroline Billard
- The Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Carlos Villar
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - César Díaz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - José Gómez-Barbadillo
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan De la Haba-Rodríguez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Avda Menéndez Pidal s/n, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Kevin Myant
- The Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Enrique Aranda
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Avda Menéndez Pidal s/n, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Ariza
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Avda Menéndez Pidal s/n, Córdoba, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain.
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Zou Q, Zhou E, Xu F, Zhang D, Yi W, Yao J. A TP73‐AS1/miR‐200a/ZEB1 regulating loop promotes breast cancer cell invasion and migration. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:2189-2199. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyan Zou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Enxiang Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Danhua Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Wenjun Yi
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Jia Yao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
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Lu J, Li X, Wang F, Guo Y, Huang Y, Zhu H, Wang Y, Lu Y, Wang Z. YB-1 expression promotes pancreatic cancer metastasis that is inhibited by microRNA-216a. Exp Cell Res 2017; 359:319-326. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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He SJ, Xiang CQ, Zhang Y, Lu XT, Chen HW, Xiong LX. Recent progress on the effects of microRNAs and natural products on tumor epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:3435-3451. [PMID: 28744148 PMCID: PMC5513877 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s139546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological process of phenotypic transition of epithelial cells that can promote physiological development as well as tissue healing and repair. In recent years, cancer researchers have noted that EMT is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. When tumor cells undergo EMT, they can develop enhanced migration and local tissue invasion abilities, which can lead to metastatic growth. Nevertheless, two researches in NATURE deny its necessity in specific tumors and that is discussed in this review. The degree of EMT and the detection of EMT-associated marker molecules can also be used to judge the risk of metastasis and to evaluate patients’ prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding small RNAs, which can inhibit gene expression and protein translation through specific binding with the 3′ untranslated region of mRNA. In this review, we summarize the miRNAs that are reported to influence EMT through transcription factors such as ZEB, SNAIL, and TWIST, as well as some natural products that regulate EMT in tumors. Moreover, mutual inhibition occurs between some transcription factors and miRNAs, and these effects appear to occur in a complex regulatory network. Thus, understanding the role of miRNAs in EMT and tumor growth may lead to new treatments for malignancies. Natural products can also be combined with conventional chemotherapy to enhance curative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jin He
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University.,Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University
| | - Chu-Qi Xiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University.,First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University
| | - Yu Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University
| | - Xiang-Tong Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University
| | - Hou-Wen Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Xia Xiong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
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Peng L, Liu Z, Xiao J, Tu Y, Wan Z, Xiong H, Li Y, Xiao W. MicroRNA-148a suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells by targeting Wnt10b and inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:301-308. [PMID: 28586066 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a critical role in the process of cancer invasion and metastasis. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is known as a stimulative factor, which may trigger EMT and metastasis of cancer cells. In addition, several microRNAs (miRNAs) have been proven to regulate the EMT process. Recent research revealed that miR‑148a is downregulated in pancreatic cancer. However, the definite role of miR-148a in EMT and invasion of pancreatic cancer is still unknown. The present study attempted to demonstrate the underlying mechanism of miR-148a in the regulation of EMT and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. Our data revealed that the expression of miR-148a was markedly downregulated in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell lines and tissues. In addition, the downregulation of miR-148a was associated with poor prognosis and EMT phenotype. Furthermore, restoration of miR-148a expression inhibited the EMT process, as well as the migration and invasion of BxPC-3 pancreatic cancer cells. Wnt10b, a promoting molecule of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, was demonstrated by dual‑luciferase reporter assay to be a direct target of miR‑148a. Subsequently, we found that miR‑148a negatively regulated the protein expression of β-catenin, cyclin D1 and MMP-9, which were important components of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In conclusion, these findings revealed that miR-148a suppresses EMT and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells by targeting Wnt10b and inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and thus, miR-148a may serve as a novel therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Peng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhanying Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yi Tu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Wan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Haiwei Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Lin X, Zheng L, Song H, Xiao J, Pan B, Chen H, Jin X, Yu H. Effects of microRNA-183 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition, proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer SW1900 cells by targeting MTA1. Exp Mol Pathol 2017; 102:522-532. [PMID: 28506766 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore effects of miR-183 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasion by targeting MTA1 in human pancreatic cancer (PC) cells. METHODS Totally, 108 PC patients admitted in Wenzhou Central Hospital and Wenzhou People's Hospital, The Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University from March 2010 to March 2014 were enrolled. qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were applied to examine expression of MTA1 mRNA and protein. Samples were divided into 6 groups: blank, NC, miR-183 mimics, miR-183 inhibitors, MTA1-siRNA and miR-183 inhibitors +MTA1-siRNA groups. CCK8 method was employed for determining cell proliferation rate, flow cytometry for cell apoptosis rate, scratch test for cell migration and Transwell assay for cell invasion. qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to determine expression of MTA1, E-cadherin and Vimentin mRNA and protein. RESULTS Positive expression rate of MTA1 was upregulated in PC tissues, and expression of miR-183 and MTA1 was associated with differentiation, migration, tumor size, TNM. The miR-183 mimics and MTA1-siRNA groups showed a decrease in proliferation, migration and invasion, whereas increased apoptosis, in comparison with blank and NC groups, as expression of MTA1 and Vimentin mRNA and protein were reduced, expression of E-cadherin mRNA and protein was elevated. Compared to blank and NC groups, the miR-183 inhibitors group exhibited enhanced proliferation, migration and invasion and inhibited apoptosis; increased expressions of MTA1 and Vimentin mRNA and protein and decreased expressions of E-cadherin mRNA and protein. CONCLUSION Our study supported that miR-183 could repress EMT and invasion of human PC cells through inhibition of MTA1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizhou Lin
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Wenzhou People's Hospital, The Third Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Liang Zheng
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Wenzhou People's Hospital, The Third Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Hongliang Song
- Department of Surgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, The Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Surgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, The Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Bujian Pan
- Department of Surgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, The Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Haichuan Chen
- Department of Surgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, The Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Xiaodan Jin
- Department of Surgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, The Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Haibo Yu
- Department of Surgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, The Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China.
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microRNA-200a-3p increases 5-fluorouracil resistance by regulating dual specificity phosphatase 6 expression. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e327. [PMID: 28496200 PMCID: PMC5454440 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of resistance to anti-cancer drugs is a significant obstacle to effective cancer treatment. Although several efforts have been made to overcome drug resistance in cancer cells, the detailed mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Here, we investigated whether microRNAs (miRNAs) function as pivotal regulators in the acquisition of anti-cancer drug resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). A survey using a lentivirus library containing 572 precursor miRNAs revealed that five miRNAs promoted cell survival after 5-FU treatment in human hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B cells. Among the five different clones, the clone expressing miR-200a-3p (Hep3B-miR-200a-3p) was further characterized as a 5-FU-resistant cell line. The cell viability and growth rate of Hep3B-miR-200a-3p cells were higher than those of control cells after 5-FU treatment. Ectopic expression of a miR-200a-3p mimic increased, while inhibition of miR-200a-3p downregulated, cell viability in response to 5-FU, doxorubicin, and CDDP (cisplatin). We also showed that dual-specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6) is a novel target of miR-200a-3p and regulates resistance to 5-FU. Ectopic expression of DUSP6 mitigated the pro-survival effects of miR-200a-3p. Taken together, these results lead us to propose that miR-200a-3p enhances anti-cancer drug resistance by decreasing DUSP6 expression.
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42
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Träger MM, Dhayat SA. Epigenetics of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in pancreatic carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:24-32. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Max M. Träger
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery; University Hospital of Muenster; Muenster Germany
| | - Sameer A. Dhayat
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery; University Hospital of Muenster; Muenster Germany
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43
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Taniguchi H, Moriya C, Igarashi H, Saitoh A, Yamamoto H, Adachi Y, Imai K. Cancer stem cells in human gastrointestinal cancer. Cancer Sci 2017; 107:1556-1562. [PMID: 27575869 PMCID: PMC5132287 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be responsible for tumor initiation, drug and radiation resistance, invasive growth, metastasis, and tumor relapse, which are the main causes of cancer-related deaths. Gastrointestinal cancers are the most common malignancies and still the most frequent cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Because gastrointestinal CSCs are also thought to be resistant to conventional therapies, an effective and novel cancer treatment is imperative. The first reported CSCs in a gastrointestinal tumor were found in colorectal cancer in 2007. Subsequently, CSCs were reported in other gastrointestinal cancers, such as esophagus, stomach, liver, and pancreas. Specific phenotypes could be used to distinguish CSCs from non-CSCs. For example, gastrointestinal CSCs express unique surface markers, exist in a side-population fraction, show high aldehyde dehydrogenase-1 activity, form tumorspheres when cultured in non-adherent conditions, and demonstrate high tumorigenic potential in immunocompromised mice. The signal transduction pathways in gastrointestinal CSCs are similar to those involved in normal embryonic development. Moreover, CSCs are modified by the aberrant expression of several microRNAs. Thus, it is very difficult to target gastrointestinal CSCs. This review focuses on the current research on gastrointestinal CSCs and future strategies to abolish the gastrointestinal CSC phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Taniguchi
- The Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiharu Moriya
- The Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Igarashi
- The Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anri Saitoh
- The Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yasushi Adachi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology, and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kohzoh Imai
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Xu YF, Hannafon BN, Ding WQ. microRNA regulation of human pancreatic cancer stem cells. Stem Cell Investig 2017; 4:5. [PMID: 28217707 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2017.01.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non-coding RNAs that function primarily in the post transcriptional regulation of gene expression in plants and animals. Deregulation of miRNA expression in cancer cells, including pancreatic cancer cells, is well documented, and the involvement of miRNAs in orchestrating tumor genesis and cancer progression has been recognized. This review focuses on recent reports demonstrating that miRNAs are involved in regulation of pancreatic cancer stem cells (CSCs). A number of miRNA species have been identified to be involved in regulating pancreatic CSCs, including miR-21, miR-34, miR-1246, miR-221, the miR-17-92 cluster, the miR-200 and let-7 families. Furthermore, the Notch-signaling pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process are associated with miRNA regulation of pancreatic CSCs. Given the significant contribution of CSCs to chemo-resistance and tumor progression, a better understanding of how miRNAs function in pancreatic CSCs could provide novel strategies for the development of therapeutics and diagnostics for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Xu
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Bethany N Hannafon
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Wei-Qun Ding
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
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45
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MiR-200 Regulates Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer via EGF/EGFR Signaling. Cell Biochem Biophys 2016; 72:185-90. [PMID: 25542369 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0435-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study was set to study the molecular mechanism underlying how miR-200 regulates EGF/EGFR signaling to involve in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) cells. Loss-of-function experiments of EGFR silencing by siRNA transfection was performed. Transfection of pre-miR-200s or anti-miR-200s was used to increase or decrease miR-200 transcripts. Real-time PCR, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and transwell experiments were performed to determine the role of miR-200s in EMT and its role in EGF/EGFR-mediated EMT in vitro and in vivo. EGF/EGFR signaling activation increased the expression of mesenchymal marker vimentin in Nthy-ori 3-1 cells and decreased the expression of endothelial maker E-cadherin. EGF stimulation led to increased RhoA expression in Nthy-ori 3-1 cells. EGFR silencing resulted in decreased RhoA expression in SW1736 and ARO cells. EGF stimulation led to down-regulation of miR-200s and EMT. Restoration of miR-200 expression by pre-miR-200a/c transfection reversed the process, including increased E-cadherin and decreased vimentin. Down-regulation of miR-200 by anti-miR-200 effectively reduced miR-200. Matrigel invasion assay proved that restoration of miR-200 expression counteracted invasiveness. EGFR silencing decreased invasiveness in SW1736 cells, while down-regulation of miR-200s restored invasiveness. Xenograft tumors of SW1736 cells with cotransfection of anti-miR-200s and EGFR siRNA which kept the similar E-cadherin and vimentin expression with the untransfected controls. In ATC cells, miR-200s play a central role in EGF/EGFR-mediated invasiveness in vitro and EMT in vivo.
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46
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Lian J, Jing Y, Dong Q, Huan L, Chen D, Bao C, Wang Q, Zhao F, Li J, Yao M, Qin L, Liang L, He X. miR-192, a prognostic indicator, targets the SLC39A6/SNAIL pathway to reduce tumor metastasis in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:2672-83. [PMID: 26684241 PMCID: PMC4823063 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is one of the causes of cancer death. Functions and mechanisms of microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis are largely unknown. Here, a miRNA microarray analysis was performed in MHCC-97L, MHCC-97H and HCC-LM3 cells with gradually increasing metastatic potential to disclose crucial miRNAs involved in HCC metastasis. miR-192 expression decreased and negatively correlated with vascular invasion in HCC specimens. Gain and loss of function studies revealed that miR-192 significantly suppressed metastasis of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Solute carrier family 39 member 6 (SLC39A6) was identified as a direct and functional target of miR-192. In addition, SLC39A6 negatively correlated with miR-192 in HCC samples and promoted HCC cell migration and invasion. Moreover, miR-192 decreased SLC39A6 expression, subsequently downregulating SNAIL and upregulating E-cadherin expression. Suppression of migration and invasion caused by miR-192 overexpression was alleviated by exogenous Snail expression. Intriguingly, lower miR-192 expression and higher SLC39A6 expression significantly contributed to poorer outcomes in HCC patients. Multivariate analysis indicated that miR-192 was an independent and significant predictor of HCC patient overall survival. In conclusion, we newly determined that miR-192 targeted the SLC39A6/SNAIL pathway to reduce tumor metastasis in HCC cells. This axis provided insights into the mechanism underlying miRNA regulation of HCC metastasis and a novel therapeutic target for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ying Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiongzhu Dong
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lin Huan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Di Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chunyang Bao
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qifeng Wang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fangyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ming Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lunxiu Qin
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Linhui Liang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xianghuo He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Gui Z, Luo F, Yang Y, Shen C, Li S, Xu J. Oridonin inhibition and miR‑200b‑3p/ZEB1 axis in human pancreatic cancer. Int J Oncol 2016; 50:111-120. [PMID: 27878247 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship among oridonin, miR-200b-3p and pancreatic cancer on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was investigated for the molecular mechanism or signaling pathways on the migration in pancreatic cancer. BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells were cultivated and the IC50 of oridonin in BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells were obtained by the CCK-8 array. The expression of miR‑200b-3p was verified by using real-time PCR and its target gene was predicted. BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells were treated with oridonin or transfected by miR-200b-3p, those cells were used for western blot assay, Transwell assay, ELISA, immunofluorescence staining, tumorigenesis assay in nude mice and immunohistochemical assay to verify the effects of oridonin or miR-200b-3p on pancreatic cancer. We found that oridonin inhibited the proliferation of BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. miR-200b-3p was downregulated by oridonin in BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells. ZEB1 was a target gene for miR-200b-3p. Oridonin or overexpression of miR‑200b-3p can inhibit the cell migration in BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells. miR-200b-3p can inhibit the EMT and oridonin can inhibit the expression of ZEB1, N-cadherin and fibronectin but not increase the expression of E-cadherin, while the cell adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were decreased by oridonin in BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells and the cytoskeleton was altered by oridonin in PANC-1 cells compared with the control. In summary, the results demonstrate that miR‑200b-3p was able to inhibit the EMT of human pancreatic cancer in vivo and in vitro by targeted ZEB1. In vitro, oridonin had a certain effect on the migration in BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells, but not though type III EMT by miR-200-3p/ZEB1 axis, and may be related to type Ⅱ EMT, tumor microenvironment or altering the cytoskeleton. In vivo, oridonin inhibited the cancer migration in the nude mouse model though inhibiting EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Gui
- Medical Technology College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Feng Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Yayang Yang
- Medical Technology College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Can Shen
- Medical Technology College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Shuquan Li
- Medical Technology College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Jian Xu
- Medical Technology College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
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48
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The Role of microRNAs in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. J Clin Med 2016; 5:jcm5060059. [PMID: 27322337 PMCID: PMC4929414 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5060059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a very challenging malignancy. Disease is diagnosed in an advanced stage in the vast majority of patients, and PDAC cells are often resistant to conventional cytotoxic drugs. Targeted therapies have made no progress in the management of this disease, unlike other cancers. microRNAs (miRs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of multitude number of genes by targeting their 3′-UTR mRNA region. Aberrant expression of miRNAs has been linked to the development of various malignancies, including PDAC. In PDAC, a series of miRs have been defined as holding promise for early diagnostics, as indicators of therapy resistance, and even as markers for therapeutic response in patients. In this mini-review, we present an update on the various different miRs that have been defined in PDAC biology.
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49
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Hawa Z, Haque I, Ghosh A, Banerjee S, Harris L, Banerjee SK. The miRacle in Pancreatic Cancer by miRNAs: Tiny Angels or Devils in Disease Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E809. [PMID: 27240340 PMCID: PMC4926343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy with increasing incidence and high mortality. Surgical resection is the only potentially curative treatment of patients with PDAC. Because of the late presentation of the disease, about 20 percent of patients are candidates for this treatment. The average survival of resected patients is between 12 and 20 months, with a high probability of relapse. Standard chemo and radiation therapies do not offer significant improvement of the survival of these patients. Furthermore, novel treatment options aimed at targeting oncogenes or growth factors in pancreatic cancer have proved unsuccessful. Thereby, identifying new biomarkers that can detect early stages of this disease is of critical importance. Among these biomarkers, microRNAs (miRNAs) have supplied a profitable recourse and become an attractive focus of research in PDAC. MiRNAs regulate many genes involved in the development of PDAC through mRNA degradation or translation inhibition. The possibility of intervention in the molecular mechanisms of miRNAs regulation could begin a new generation of PDAC therapies. This review summarizes the reports describing miRNAs involvement in cellular processes involving pancreatic carcinogenesis and their utility in diagnosis, survival and therapeutic potential in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhair Hawa
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA.
| | - Inamul Haque
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA.
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA.
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA.
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA.
| | - Snigdha Banerjee
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA.
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA.
| | - LaCoiya Harris
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA.
| | - Sushanta K Banerjee
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA.
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA.
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Weledji EP, Enoworock G, Mokake M, Sinju M. How Grim is Pancreatic Cancer? Oncol Rev 2016; 10:294. [PMID: 27471581 PMCID: PMC4943093 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2016.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal carcinoma continues to be the most lethal malignancy with rising incidence. It is the fourth most common cause of cancer death in the western world due to its low treatment success rate. In addition, because of its rapid growth and silent course, diagnosis is often only established in the advanced stages. As one of the most aggressive malignancies, the treatment of this disease is a great challenge to clinicians. This paper reviewed the natural history of pancreatic cancer, the current clinical practice and the future in pancreatic cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martin Mokake
- Department of Surgery and Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Buea, Cameroon
| | - Motaze Sinju
- Department of Surgery and Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Buea, Cameroon
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