1
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Shanmukha S, Godfrey WH, Gharibani P, Lee JJ, Guo Y, Deng X, Wender PA, Kornberg MD, Kim PM. TPPB modulates PKC activity to attenuate neuroinflammation and ameliorate experimental multiple sclerosis. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1373557. [PMID: 38841204 PMCID: PMC11150779 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1373557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) plays a key role in modulating the activities of the innate immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS). A delicate balance between pro-inflammatory and regenerative activities by microglia and CNS-associated macrophages is necessary for the proper functioning of the CNS. Thus, a maladaptive activation of these CNS innate immune cells results in neurodegeneration and demyelination associated with various neurologic disorders, such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and Alzheimer's disease. Prior studies have demonstrated that modulation of PKC activity by bryostatin-1 (bryo-1) and its analogs (bryologs) attenuates the pro-inflammatory processes by microglia/CNS macrophages and alleviates the neurologic symptoms in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an MS animal model. Here, we demonstrate that (2S,5S)-(E,E)-8-(5-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2,4-pentadienoylamino)benzolactam (TPPB), a structurally distinct PKC modulator, has a similar effect to bryo-1 on CNS innate immune cells both in vitro and in vivo, attenuating neuroinflammation and resulting in CNS regeneration and repair. This study identifies a new structural class of PKC modulators, which can therapeutically target CNS innate immunity as a strategy to treat neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi Shanmukha
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Wesley H. Godfrey
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Payam Gharibani
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Judy J. Lee
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Xiaojing Deng
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Paul A. Wender
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Michael D. Kornberg
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Paul M. Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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2
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Taguchi Y, Nakaya T, Aizawa K, Noguchi Y, Maiya N, Iwamoto C, Ohba K, Sugawara M, Murata M, Nagai R, Kano F. Peptide mimetic NC114 induces growth arrest by preventing PKCδ activation and FOXM1 nuclear translocation in colorectal cancer cells. FEBS Open Bio 2024; 14:695-720. [PMID: 38425293 PMCID: PMC10988720 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The peptide mimetic, NC114, is a promising anticancer compound that specifically kills colorectal cancer cells without affecting normal colon epithelial cells. In our previous study, we observed that NC114 inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, with significant downregulation of both Ser 675-phosphorylated β-catenin and its target genes, cyclin D1 and survivin. However, the molecular mechanism responsible for its cytotoxic effect has not yet been fully characterized. In the present study, we demonstrated that NC114 prevented cell cycle progression from S to G2/M phase by downregulating cell cycle-related gene expression, and also induced growth arrest in SW480 and HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells. A novel covariation network analysis combined with transcriptome analysis revealed a series of signaling cascades affected by NC114 treatment, and identified protein kinase C-δ (PKCδ) and forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) as important regulatory factors for NC114-induced growth arrest. NC114 treatment inhibits the activation of PKCδ and its kinase activity, which suppresses MEK/ERK signaling. Attenuated MEK/ERK signaling then results in a reduction in FOXM1 phosphorylation and subsequent nuclear translocation of FOXM1 and β-catenin. Consequently, formation of a T-cell factor-4 (TCF4)/β-catenin transcription complex in the nucleus is inhibited and transcription of its target genes, such as cell cycle-related genes, is downregulated. The efficacy of NC114 on tumor growth was confirmed in a xenograft model. Collectively, elucidation of the mechanism by which NC114 induces growth arrest in colorectal cancer cells should provide a novel therapeutic strategy for colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Taguchi
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative ResearchTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaKanagawaJapan
- Multimodal Cell Analysis Collaborative Research ClusterTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaKanagawaJapan
| | - Takeo Nakaya
- Department of PathologyJichi Medical UniversityShimotsukeTochigiJapan
| | - Kenichi Aizawa
- Department of Clinical PharmacologyJichi Medical UniversityShimotsukeTochigiJapan
| | - Yoshiyuki Noguchi
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative ResearchTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaKanagawaJapan
- International Research Center for NeurointelligenceThe University of TokyoBunkyo‐kuTokyoJapan
| | - Nobuhiko Maiya
- Stem Cell Business Department, Healthcare Business UnitNIKON CorporationYokohamaKanagawaJapan
| | - Chisako Iwamoto
- Marketing Department, Healthcare Business UnitNIKON CorporationMinato‐kuTokyoJapan
| | - Kenichi Ohba
- Engineering Solution Business DivisionNikon System Inc.YokohamaKanagawaJapan
| | - Minoru Sugawara
- Cancer Precision Medicine CenterJapanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchKoto‐kuTokyoJapan
| | - Masayuki Murata
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative ResearchTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaKanagawaJapan
- Multimodal Cell Analysis Collaborative Research ClusterTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaKanagawaJapan
- International Research Center for NeurointelligenceThe University of TokyoBunkyo‐kuTokyoJapan
| | - Ryozo Nagai
- Jichi Medical UniversityShimotsukeTochigiJapan
| | - Fumi Kano
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative ResearchTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaKanagawaJapan
- Multimodal Cell Analysis Collaborative Research ClusterTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaKanagawaJapan
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3
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Deng Y, Hou Z, Li Y, Yi M, Wu Y, Zheng Y, Yang F, Zhong G, Hao Q, Zhai Z, Wang M, Ma X, Kang H, Ji F, Dong C, Liu H, Dai Z. Superbinder based phosphoproteomic landscape revealed PRKCD_pY313 mediates the activation of Src and p38 MAPK to promote TNBC progression. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:115. [PMID: 38347536 PMCID: PMC10860301 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01487-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation proteomics is the basis for the study of abnormally activated kinase signaling pathways in breast cancer, which facilitates the discovery of new oncogenic agents and drives the discovery of potential targets for early diagnosis and therapy of breast cancer. In this study, we have explored the aberrantly active kinases in breast cancer development and to elucidate the role of PRKCD_pY313 in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) progression. We collected 47 pairs of breast cancer and paired far-cancer normal tissues and analyzed phosphorylated tyrosine (pY) peptides by Superbinder resin and further enriched the phosphorylated serine/threonine (pS/pT) peptides using TiO2 columns. We mapped the kinases activity of different subtypes of breast cancer and identified PRKCD_pY313 was upregulated in TNBC cell lines. Gain-of-function assay revealed that PRKCD_pY313 facilitated the proliferation, enhanced invasion, accelerated metastasis, increased the mitochondrial membrane potential and reduced ROS level of TNBC cell lines, while Y313F mutation and low PRKCD_pY313 reversed these effects. Furthermore, PRKCD_pY313 significantly upregulated Src_pY419 and p38_pT180/pY182, while low PRKCD_pY313 and PRKCD_Y313F had opposite effects. Dasatinib significantly inhibited the growth of PRKCD_pY313 overexpression cells, and this effect could be enhanced by Adezmapimod. In nude mice xenograft model, PRKCD_pY313 significantly promoted tumor progression, accompanied by increased levels of Ki-67, Bcl-xl and Vimentin, and decreased levels of Bad, cleaved caspase 3 and ZO1, which was opposite to the trend of Y313F group. Collectively, the heterogeneity of phosphorylation exists in different molecular subtypes of breast cancer. PRKCD_pY313 activates Src and accelerates TNBC progression, which could be inhibited by Dasatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhanwu Hou
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine & Douglas C. Wallace Institute for Mitochondrial and Epigenetic Information Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yizhen Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine & Douglas C. Wallace Institute for Mitochondrial and Epigenetic Information Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guansheng Zhong
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Hao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen Zhai
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaobin Ma
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huafeng Kang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fanpu Ji
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenfang Dong
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Huadong Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine & Douglas C. Wallace Institute for Mitochondrial and Epigenetic Information Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zhijun Dai
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Shanmukha S, Godfrey WH, Gharibani P, Lee JJ, Guo Y, Deng X, Wender PA, Kornberg MD, Kim PM. TPPB modulates PKC activity to attenuate neuroinflammation and ameliorate experimental multiple sclerosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.02.578637. [PMID: 38370818 PMCID: PMC10871289 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.02.578637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) plays a key role in modulating the activities of the innate immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS). A delicate balance between pro-inflammatory and regenerative activities by microglia and CNS-associated macrophages is necessary for the proper functioning of the CNS. Thus, a maladaptive activation of these CNS innate immune cells results in neurodegeneration and demyelination associated with various neurologic disorders, such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and Alzheimer's disease. Prior studies have demonstrated that modulation of PKC activity by bryostatin-1 (bryo-1) and its analogs (bryologs) attenuates the pro-inflammatory processes by microglia/CNS macrophages and alleviates the neurologic symptoms in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an MS animal model. Here, we demonstrate that (2S,5S)-(E,E)-8-(5-(4(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2,4-pentadienoylamino)benzolactam (TPPB), a structurally distinct PKC modulator, has a similar effect to bryo-1 on CNS innate immune cells both in vitro and in vivo, attenuating neuroinflammation and resulting in CNS regeneration and repair. This study identifies a new structural class of PKC modulators, which can therapeutically target CNS innate immunity as a strategy to treat neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi Shanmukha
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, USA
| | - Wesley H. Godfrey
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, USA
| | - Payam Gharibani
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, USA
| | - Judy J. Lee
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, USA
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, USA
| | - Xiaojing Deng
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, USA
| | - Paul A. Wender
- Departments of Chemistry and of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Michael D. Kornberg
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, USA
| | - Paul M. Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, USA
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5
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Saiz-Baggetto S, Dolz-Edo L, Méndez E, García-Bolufer P, Marí M, Bañó MC, Fariñas I, Morante-Redolat JM, Igual JC, Quilis I. A Multimodel Study of the Role of Novel PKC Isoforms in the DNA Integrity Checkpoint. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15796. [PMID: 37958781 PMCID: PMC10650207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein kinase C (PKC) family plays important regulatory roles in numerous cellular processes. Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains a single PKC, Pkc1, whereas in mammals, the PKC family comprises nine isoforms. Both Pkc1 and the novel isoform PKCδ are involved in the control of DNA integrity checkpoint activation, demonstrating that this mechanism is conserved from yeast to mammals. To explore the function of PKCδ in a non-tumor cell line, we employed CRISPR-Cas9 technology to obtain PKCδ knocked-out mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). This model demonstrated that the absence of PKCδ reduced the activation of the effector kinase CHK1, although it suggested that other isoform(s) might contribute to this function. Therefore, we used yeast to study the ability of each single PKC isoform to activate the DNA integrity checkpoint. Our analysis identified that PKCθ, the closest isoform to PKCδ, was also able to perform this function, although with less efficiency. Then, by generating truncated and mutant versions in key residues, we uncovered differences between the activation mechanisms of PKCδ and PKCθ and identified their essential domains. Our work strongly supports the role of PKC as a key player in the DNA integrity checkpoint pathway and highlights the advantages of combining distinct research models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Saiz-Baggetto
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (S.S.-B.); (L.D.-E.); (M.C.B.)
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain (I.F.); (J.M.M.-R.)
| | - Laura Dolz-Edo
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (S.S.-B.); (L.D.-E.); (M.C.B.)
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain (I.F.); (J.M.M.-R.)
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Biologia Funcional i Antropologia Física, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Ester Méndez
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (S.S.-B.); (L.D.-E.); (M.C.B.)
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain (I.F.); (J.M.M.-R.)
| | - Pau García-Bolufer
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain (I.F.); (J.M.M.-R.)
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Biologia Funcional i Antropologia Física, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Miquel Marí
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain (I.F.); (J.M.M.-R.)
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Biologia Funcional i Antropologia Física, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - M. Carmen Bañó
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (S.S.-B.); (L.D.-E.); (M.C.B.)
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain (I.F.); (J.M.M.-R.)
| | - Isabel Fariñas
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain (I.F.); (J.M.M.-R.)
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Biologia Funcional i Antropologia Física, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - José Manuel Morante-Redolat
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain (I.F.); (J.M.M.-R.)
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Biologia Funcional i Antropologia Física, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - J. Carlos Igual
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (S.S.-B.); (L.D.-E.); (M.C.B.)
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain (I.F.); (J.M.M.-R.)
| | - Inma Quilis
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (S.S.-B.); (L.D.-E.); (M.C.B.)
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain (I.F.); (J.M.M.-R.)
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Green JR, Mahalingaiah PKS, Gopalakrishnan SM, Liguori MJ, Mittelstadt SW, Blomme EAG, Van Vleet TR. Off-target pharmacological activity at various kinases: Potential functional and pathological side effects. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2023; 123:107468. [PMID: 37553032 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2023.107468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
In drug discovery, during the lead optimization and candidate characterization stages, novel small molecules are frequently evaluated in a battery of in vitro pharmacology assays to identify potential unintended, off-target interactions with various receptors, transporters, ion channels, and enzymes, including kinases. Furthermore, these screening panels may also provide utility at later stages of development to provide a mechanistic understanding of unexpected safety findings. Here, we present a compendium of the most likely functional and pathological outcomes associated with interaction(s) to a panel of 95 kinases based on an extensive curation of the scientific literature. This panel of kinases was designed by AbbVie based on safety-related data extracted from the literature, as well as from over 20 years of institutional knowledge generated from discovery efforts. For each kinase, the scientific literature was reviewed using online databases and the most often reported functional and pathological effects were summarized. This work should serve as a practical guide for small molecule drug discovery scientists and clinical investigators to predict and/or interpret adverse effects related to pharmacological interactions with these kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon R Green
- Departments of Preclinical Safety, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, United States.
| | | | - Sujatha M Gopalakrishnan
- Drug Discovery Science and Technology, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
| | - Michael J Liguori
- Departments of Preclinical Safety, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
| | - Scott W Mittelstadt
- Departments of Preclinical Safety, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
| | - Eric A G Blomme
- Departments of Preclinical Safety, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
| | - Terry R Van Vleet
- Departments of Preclinical Safety, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
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7
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El Atat O, Naser R, Abdelkhalek M, Habib RA, El Sibai M. Molecular targeted therapy: A new avenue in glioblastoma treatment. Oncol Lett 2022; 25:46. [PMID: 36644133 PMCID: PMC9811647 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, also referred to as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is grade IV astrocytoma characterized by being fast-growing and the most aggressive brain tumor. In adults, it is the most prevalent type of malignant brain tumor. Despite the advancements in both diagnosis tools and therapeutic treatments, GBM is still associated with poor survival rate without any statistically significant improvement in the past three decades. Patient's genome signature is one of the key factors causing the development of this tumor, in addition to previous radiation exposure and other environmental factors. Researchers have identified genomic and subsequent molecular alterations affecting core pathways that trigger the malignant phenotype of this tumor. Targeting intrinsically altered molecules and pathways is seen as a novel avenue in GBM treatment. The present review shed light on signaling pathways and intrinsically altered molecules implicated in GBM development. It discussed the main challenges impeding successful GBM treatment, such as the blood brain barrier and tumor microenvironment (TME), the plasticity and heterogeneity of both GBM and TME and the glioblastoma stem cells. The present review also presented current advancements in GBM molecular targeted therapy in clinical trials. Profound and comprehensive understanding of molecular participants opens doors for innovative, more targeted and personalized GBM therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oula El Atat
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Rayan Naser
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Maya Abdelkhalek
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Ralph Abi Habib
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Mirvat El Sibai
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon,Correspondence to: Professor Mirvat El Sibai, Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Koraytem Street, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon, E-mail:
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8
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Kawano T, Inokuchi J, Eto M, Murata M, Kang JH. Protein Kinase C (PKC) Isozymes as Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5425. [PMID: 36358843 PMCID: PMC9658272 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a large family of calcium- and phospholipid-dependent serine/threonine kinases that consists of at least 11 isozymes. Based on their structural characteristics and mode of activation, the PKC family is classified into three subfamilies: conventional or classic (cPKCs; α, βI, βII, and γ), novel or non-classic (nPKCs; δ, ε, η, and θ), and atypical (aPKCs; ζ, ι, and λ) (PKCλ is the mouse homolog of PKCι) PKC isozymes. PKC isozymes play important roles in proliferation, differentiation, survival, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and anticancer drug resistance in cancer cells. Several studies have shown a positive relationship between PKC isozymes and poor disease-free survival, poor survival following anticancer drug treatment, and increased recurrence. Furthermore, a higher level of PKC activation has been reported in cancer tissues compared to that in normal tissues. These data suggest that PKC isozymes represent potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancer. This review summarizes the current knowledge and discusses the potential of PKC isozymes as biomarkers in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Kawano
- Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Junichi Inokuchi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Eto
- Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masaharu Murata
- Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Jeong-Hun Kang
- Division of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1 Shinmachi, Kishibe, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
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9
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Identification of Candidate mRNA Isoforms for Prostate Cancer-Risk SNPs Utilizing Iso-eQTL and sQTL Methods. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012406. [PMID: 36293264 PMCID: PMC9604153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) impacting the alternative splicing (AS) process (sQTLs) or isoform expression (iso-eQTL) are implicated as important cancer regulatory elements. To find the sQTL and iso-eQTL, we retrieved prostate cancer (PrCa) tissue RNA-seq and genotype data originating from 385 PrCa European patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas. We conducted RNA-seq analysis with isoform-based and splice event-based approaches. The MatrixEQTL was used to identify PrCa-associated sQTLs and iso-eQTLs. The overlap between sQTL and iso-eQTL with GWAS loci and those that are differentially expressed between cancer and normal tissue were identified. The cis-acting associations (FDR < 0.05) for PrCa-risk SNPs identified 42, 123, and 90 PrCa-associated cassette exons, intron retention, and mRNA isoforms belonging to 25, 95, and 83 genes, respectively; while assessment of trans-acting association (FDR < 0.05) yielded 59, 65, and 196 PrCa-associated cassette exons, intron retention and mRNA isoforms belonging to 35, 55, and 181 genes, respectively. The results suggest that functional PrCa-associated SNPs can play a role in PrCa genesis by making an important contribution to the dysregulation of AS and, consequently, impacting the expression of the mRNA isoforms.
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Black JD, Affandi T, Black AR, Reyland ME. PKCα and PKCδ: Friends and Rivals. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102194. [PMID: 35760100 PMCID: PMC9352922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PKC comprises a large family of serine/threonine kinases that share a requirement for allosteric activation by lipids. While PKC isoforms have significant homology, functional divergence is evident among subfamilies and between individual PKC isoforms within a subfamily. Here, we highlight these differences by comparing the regulation and function of representative PKC isoforms from the conventional (PKCα) and novel (PKCδ) subfamilies. We discuss how unique structural features of PKCα and PKCδ underlie differences in activation and highlight the similar, divergent, and even opposing biological functions of these kinases. We also consider how PKCα and PKCδ can contribute to pathophysiological conditions and discuss challenges to targeting these kinases therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Black
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE.
| | - Trisiani Affandi
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Adrian R Black
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Mary E Reyland
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus.
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11
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LPIN1 Induces Gefitinib Resistance in EGFR Inhibitor-Resistant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092222. [PMID: 35565351 PMCID: PMC9102170 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance limits the efficacy of targeted therapies, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs); however, a substantial portion of the drug resistance mechanisms remains unexplained. In this study, we identified LPIN1 as a key factor that regulates gefitinib resistance in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Unlike TKI-sensitive HCC827 cells, gefitinib treatment induced LPIN1 expression and increased diacylglycerol concentration in TKI-resistant H1650 cells, followed by the activation of protein kinase C delta and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in an LPIN1-dependent manner, resulting in cancer cell survival. Additionally, LPIN1 increased the production of lipid droplets, which play an important role in TKI drug resistance. All results were recapitulated in a patient-derived EGFR-mutant NSCLC cell line. In in vivo tumorigenesis assay, we identified that both shRNA-mediated depletion and pharmaceutical inhibition of LPIN1 clearly reduced tumor growth and confirmed that gefitinib treatment induced LPIN1 expression and LPIN1-dependent NF-κB activation (an increase in p-IκBα level) in tumor tissues. These results suggest an effective strategy of co-treating TKIs and LPIN1 inhibitors to prevent TKI resistance in NSCLC patients.
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12
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Zhou B, Lu Y, Zhao Z, Shi T, Wu H, Chen W, Zhang L, Zhang X. B7-H4 expression is upregulated by PKCδ activation and contributes to PKCδ-induced cell motility in colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:147. [PMID: 35410218 PMCID: PMC8996430 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02567-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction B7-H4 is overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) and plays an important role in tumor growth and immunosuppression. However, the exact mechanism that regulates B7-H4 expression remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated whether protein kinase C δ (PKCδ) regulates the expression of B7-H4 in CRC. Methods By using immunohistochemical (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) staining, we analyzed the expression of B7-H4 and phospho-PKCδ (p-PKCδ) in 225 colorectal tumor samples and determined the clinical significance of the expression patterns. In vitro experiments were performed with the CRC cell lines HCT116 and SW620 to detect the effect of PKCδ activation on B7-H4 expression, and xenograft-bearing mice were treated with rottlerin to monitor the expression of B7-H4 and tumor metastasis. Results The B7-H4 expression level was significantly correlated with the p-PKCδ level (r = 0.378, P < 0.001) in tumor tissues. Coexpression of p-PKCδ and B7-H4 was significantly associated with moderate/poor differentiation (P = 0.024), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.001) and advanced Dukes’ stage (P = 0.002). Western blot analysis showed that Phorbol-12-Myristate-13-Acetate (TPA) increased B7-H4 expression in a concentration-dependent manner and that rottlerin abrogated the TPA-induced increase in B7-H4 expression. The protein levels of B7-H4 and p-STAT3 were significantly reduced by a PKCδ-specific siRNA. Moreover, the STAT3 inhibitor cryptotanshinone significantly decreased the B7-H4 protein level in CRC cells. Knockdown of B7-H4 or PKCδ suppressed cell migration and motility. Rottlerin also inhibited B7-H4 expression and tumor metastasis in vivo. Conclusion The B7-H4 expression level is significantly correlated with the p-PKCδ level and tumor metastasis in CRC samples. B7-H4 expression is upregulated by STAT3 activation via PKCδ and plays roles in PKCδ-induced cancer cell motility and metastasis, suggesting that the PKCδ/STAT3/B7-H4 axis may be a potential therapeutic target for CRC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-022-02567-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhou
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Youwei Lu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiming Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tongguo Shi
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongya Wu
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weichang Chen
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China. .,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xueguang Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Umachandran S, Mohamed W, Jayaraman M, Hyde G, Brazill D, Baskar R. A PKC that controls polyphosphate levels, pinocytosis and exocytosis, regulates stationary phase onset in Dictyostelium. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274945. [PMID: 35362518 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cells can pause their growth cycle, a topic much enriched by studies of the stationary phase (SP) of model microorganisms. While several kinases are implicated in SP onset, a possible role for protein kinase C remains unknown. We show that Dictyostelium discoideum cells lacking pkcA entered SP at a reduced cell density, but only in shaking conditions. Precocious SP entry occurs because extracellular polyphosphate (polyP) levels reach a threshold at the lower cell density; adding exopolyphosphatase to pkcA- cells reverses the effect and mimics wild type growth. PkcA's regulation of polyP depended on inositol hexakisphosphate kinase and phospholipase D. PkcA- mutants also had higher actin levels, higher rates of exocytosis and lower pinocytosis rates. Postlysosomes were smaller and present in fewer pkcA- cells, compared to the wildtype. Overall, the results suggest that a reduced PkcA level triggers SP primarily because cells do not acquire or retain nutrients as efficiently, thus mimicking, or amplifying, the conditions of actual starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Umachandran
- Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai-600036, India
| | - Wasima Mohamed
- Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai-600036, India
| | - Meenakshi Jayaraman
- Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai-600036, India
| | - Geoff Hyde
- Independent Researcher, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Derrick Brazill
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ramamurthy Baskar
- Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai-600036, India
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Patel RS, Rupani R, Impreso S, Lui A, Patel NA. Role of alternatively spliced, pro‐survival Protein Kinase C delta VIII (PKCδVIII) in ovarian cancer. FASEB Bioadv 2021; 4:235-253. [PMID: 35415459 PMCID: PMC8984081 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2021-00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the deadliest malignant disease in women. Protein Kinase C delta (PRKCD; PKCδ) is serine/threonine kinase extensively linked to various cancers. In humans, PKCδ is alternatively spliced to PKCδI and PKCδVIII. However, the specific function of PKCδ splice variants in ovarian cancer has not been elucidated yet. Hence, we evaluated their expression in human ovarian cancer cell lines (OCC): SKOV3 and TOV112D, along with the normal T80 ovarian cells. Our results demonstrate a marked increase in PKCδVIII in OCC compared to normal ovarian cells. Therefore, we elucidated the role of PKCδVIII and the underlying mechanism of its expression in OCC. Using overexpression and knockdown studies, we demonstrate that PKCδVIII increases cellular survival and migration in OCC. Further, overexpression of PKCδVIII in T80 cells resulted in increased expression of Bcl2 and knockdown of PKCδVIII in OCC decreased Bcl2 expression. Using co‐immunoprecipitations and immunocytochemistry, we demonstrate nuclear localization of PKCδVIII in OCC and further show increased association of PKCδVIII with Bcl2 and Bcl‐xL in OCC. Using PKCδ splicing minigene, mutagenesis, siRNA and antisense oligonucleotides, we demonstrate that increased levels of alternatively spliced PKCδVIII in OCC is regulated by splice factor SRSF2. Finally, we verified that PKCδVIII levels are elevated in samples of human ovarian cancer tissue. The data presented here demonstrate that the alternatively spliced, signaling kinase PKCδVIII is a viable target to develop therapeutics to combat progression of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rea Rupani
- Department of Molecular Medicine University of South Florida Tampa Florida USA
| | | | - Ashley Lui
- Department of Molecular Medicine University of South Florida Tampa Florida USA
| | - Niketa A. Patel
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital Tampa Florida USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine University of South Florida Tampa Florida USA
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Caspa Gokulan R, Devaraj H. Stem Cell Markers CXCR-4 and CD133 Predict Aggressive Phenotype and Their Double Positivity Indicates Poor Prognosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235895. [PMID: 34885003 PMCID: PMC8656999 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Oral cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies in the world, with a poor prognosis. The absence of accurate biomarkers for predicting oral cancer progression is the primary cause of treatment failures. Multiple studies have shown that cancer stem cells play a critical role in tumor growth and chemo resistance. We uncovered, for the first time, the importance of combinatorial expression of stem cell related molecules CXCR-4 and CD-133 as possible biomarkers to predict poor prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The findings will aid in the identification of high-risk cases in order to provide appropriate therapy. Abstract The activation of the SDF-1/CXCR-4 pathway is crucial for the invasion and metastasis of oral cancer cells. The CXCR-4 positive cells possess stem cell characteristics and express the cancer stem cell marker, CD133, in tumors of colon and pancreas. Despite several studies, the co-expression of CXCR-4 and CD133 and its significance is still largely unknown in oral cancer. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the impact of CXCR-4 and CD133 double positivity in the prognosis of oral cancer. The significance of PKC-δ, one of the key signaling molecules that regulates CXCR-4, was also analyzed. Immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescence was used to investigate the co-localization of CXCR-4, PKC-δ and CD133 in the human tissues and cell lines of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The expression of CXCR-4, PKC-δ and CD133 were found to be higher in poorly differentiated and lymph node metastasis-positive cases. Interestingly, CXCR-4 positive cells showed positive staining for PKC-δ and CD133 in oral cancer tissue and cell lines. Moreover, CXCR-4+/CD133+ and CXCR-4+/PKC-δ+ double positive cases have the worst survival. We discovered, for the first time, that patients with expression of both CXCR-4 and CD133 have a lower survival rate, and CXCR-4+/CD133+, as well as CXCR-4+/PKC-δ+ double positivity, can be utilized to predict poor prognosis. CXCR-4, PKC-δ and CD133 might regulate aggressiveness and invasion of oral cancer cells.
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Targeting Protein Kinase C in Glioblastoma Treatment. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040381. [PMID: 33916593 PMCID: PMC8067000 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and aggressive primary brain tumor and is associated with a poor prognosis. Despite the use of combined treatment approaches, recurrence is almost inevitable and survival longer than 14 or 15 months after diagnosis is low. It is therefore necessary to identify new therapeutic targets to fight GBM progression and recurrence. Some publications have pointed out the role of glioma stem cells (GSCs) as the origin of GBM. These cells, with characteristics of neural stem cells (NSC) present in physiological neurogenic niches, have been proposed as being responsible for the high resistance of GBM to current treatments such as temozolomide (TMZ). The protein Kinase C (PKC) family members play an essential role in transducing signals related with cell cycle entrance, differentiation and apoptosis in NSC and participate in distinct signaling cascades that determine NSC and GSC dynamics. Thus, PKC could be a suitable druggable target to treat recurrent GBM. Clinical trials have tested the efficacy of PKCβ inhibitors, and preclinical studies have focused on other PKC isozymes. Here, we discuss the idea that other PKC isozymes may also be involved in GBM progression and that the development of a new generation of effective drugs should consider the balance between the activation of different PKC subtypes.
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Muselli F, Mourgues L, Morcos R, Rochet N, Nebout M, Guerci-Bresler A, Faller DV, William RM, Mhaidly R, Verhoeyen E, Legros L, Peyron JF, Mary D. Combination of PKCδ Inhibition with Conventional TKI Treatment to Target CML Models. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071693. [PMID: 33918475 PMCID: PMC8038300 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) imatinib was the first targeted therapy to show clinical efficacy against chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) through inhibition of the breakpoint cluster region–Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog (BCR-ABL), which is responsible for the disease. Two other generations of TKIs have succeeded imatinib, offering additional therapeutic solutions for a growing number of patients with imatinib-resistant CML. However, these clinical approaches although very effective, generate many unwanted side effects because of their daily administration. Attempts to stop TKI when the disease is no longer detectable at the molecular level, unfortunately result in relapses in more than half of cases. This highlights the presence of undetectable leukemia cells, recognized as leukemic stem cells (LSCs) that are TKI insensitive. It therefore appears necessary to identify new biochemical pathways in LSCs, the targeting of which would make re-sensitization to TKIs possible. The results presented here demonstrate that targeting the protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) pathway represents a valid alternative for LSC elimination. Abstract Numerous combinations of signaling pathway blockades in association with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment have been proposed for eradicating leukemic stem cells (LSCs) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), but none are currently clinically available. Because targeting protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) was demonstrated to eliminate cancer stem cells (CSCs) in solid tumors, we evaluated the efficacy of PKCδ inhibition in combination with TKIs for CML cells. We observed that inhibition of PKCδ by a pharmacological inhibitor, by gene silencing, or by using K562 CML cells expressing dominant-negative (DN) or constitutively active (CA) PKCδ isoforms clearly points to PKCδ as a regulator of the expression of the stemness regulator BMI1. As a consequence, inhibition of PKCδ impaired clonogenicity and cell proliferation for leukemic cells. PKCδ targeting in K562 and LAMA-84 CML cell lines clearly enhanced the apoptotic response triggered by any TKI. A strong synergism was observed for apoptosis induction through an increase in caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation and significantly decreased expression of the Bcl-xL Bcl-2 family member. Inhibition of PKCδ did not modify BCR-ABL phosphorylation but acted downstream of the oncogene by downregulating BMI1 expression, decreasing clonogenicity. PKCδ inhibition interfered with the clonogenicity of primary CML CD34+ and BCR-ABL-transduced healthy CD34+ cells as efficiently as any TKI while it did not affect differentiation of healthy CD34+ cells. LTC-IC experiments pinpointed that PKCδ inhibition strongly decreased the progenitors/LSCs frequency. All together, these results demonstrate that targeting of PKCδ in combination with a conventional TKI could be a new therapeutic opportunity to affect for CML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Muselli
- Université Côte d’Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), 06204 Nice, France; (F.M.); (L.M.); (R.M.); (M.N.); (R.M.); (E.V.); (J.-F.P.)
| | - Lucas Mourgues
- Université Côte d’Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), 06204 Nice, France; (F.M.); (L.M.); (R.M.); (M.N.); (R.M.); (E.V.); (J.-F.P.)
| | - Rita Morcos
- Université Côte d’Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), 06204 Nice, France; (F.M.); (L.M.); (R.M.); (M.N.); (R.M.); (E.V.); (J.-F.P.)
| | - Nathalie Rochet
- Institut de Biologie Valrose, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS UMR 7277, Inserm U1091, CEDEX 02, 06107 Nice, France;
| | - Marielle Nebout
- Université Côte d’Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), 06204 Nice, France; (F.M.); (L.M.); (R.M.); (M.N.); (R.M.); (E.V.); (J.-F.P.)
| | | | - Douglas V Faller
- Oncology Clinical Research, Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc., 40 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
| | | | - Rana Mhaidly
- Université Côte d’Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), 06204 Nice, France; (F.M.); (L.M.); (R.M.); (M.N.); (R.M.); (E.V.); (J.-F.P.)
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Els Verhoeyen
- Université Côte d’Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), 06204 Nice, France; (F.M.); (L.M.); (R.M.); (M.N.); (R.M.); (E.V.); (J.-F.P.)
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 06204 Nice, France
- CIRI–International Center for Infectiology Research, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Laurence Legros
- Department of Hematology, AP-HP Paul Brousse, 94800 Villejuif, France;
| | - Jean-François Peyron
- Université Côte d’Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), 06204 Nice, France; (F.M.); (L.M.); (R.M.); (M.N.); (R.M.); (E.V.); (J.-F.P.)
| | - Didier Mary
- Université Côte d’Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), 06204 Nice, France; (F.M.); (L.M.); (R.M.); (M.N.); (R.M.); (E.V.); (J.-F.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Speidel JT, Affandi T, Jones DNM, Ferrara SE, Reyland ME. Functional proteomic analysis reveals roles for PKCδ in regulation of cell survival and cell death: Implications for cancer pathogenesis and therapy. Adv Biol Regul 2020; 78:100757. [PMID: 33045516 PMCID: PMC8294469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2020.100757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein Kinase C-δ (PKCδ), regulates a broad group of biological functions and disease processes, including well-defined roles in immune function, cell survival and apoptosis. PKCδ primarily regulates apoptosis in normal tissues and non-transformed cells, and genetic disruption of the PRKCD gene in mice is protective in many diseases and tissue damage models. However pro-survival/pro-proliferative functions have also been described in some transformed cells and in mouse models of cancer. Recent evidence suggests that the contribution of PKCδ to specific cancers may depend in part on the oncogenic context of the tumor, consistent with its paradoxical role in cell survival and cell death. Here we will discuss what is currently known about biological functions of PKCδ and potential paradigms for PKCδ function in cancer. To further understand mechanisms of regulation by PKCδ, and to gain insight into the plasticity of PKCδ signaling, we have used functional proteomics to identify pathways that are dependent on PKCδ. Understanding how these distinct functions of PKCδ are regulated will be critical for the logical design of therapeutics to target this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan T Speidel
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, USA
| | - Trisiani Affandi
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, USA
| | | | - Sarah E Ferrara
- University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mary E Reyland
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, USA.
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Lu J, Xu Z, Duan H, Ji H, Zhen Z, Li B, Wang H, Tang H, Zhou J, Guo T, Wu B, Wang D, Liu Y, Niu Y, Zhang R. Tumor-associated macrophage interleukin-β promotes glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activation, glycolysis and tumorigenesis in glioma cells. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:1979-1990. [PMID: 32259365 PMCID: PMC7293068 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-immune crosstalk within the tumor microenvironment (TME) occurs at all stages of tumorigenesis. Tumor-associated M2 macrophages play a central role in tumor development, but the molecular underpinnings have not been fully elucidated. We demonstrated that M2 macrophages produce interleukin 1β (IL-1β), which activates phosphorylation of the glycolytic enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD2) at threonine 10 (GPD2 pT10) through phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-mediated activation of protein kinase-delta (PKCδ) in glioma cells. GPD2 pT10 enhanced its substrate affinity and increased the catalytic rate of glycolysis in glioma cells. Inhibiting PKCδ or GPD2 pT10 in glioma cells or blocking IL-1β generated by macrophages attenuated the glycolytic rate and proliferation of glioma cells. Furthermore, human glioblastoma tumor GPD2 pT10 levels were positively correlated with tumor p-PKCδ and IL-1β levels as well as intratumoral macrophage recruitment, tumor grade and human glioblastoma patient survival. These results reveal a novel tumorigenic role for M2 macrophages in the TME. In addition, these findings suggest possible treatment strategies for glioma patients through blockade of cytokine crosstalk between M2 macrophages and glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of TISCO, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhongye Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huizhou Third People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, China
| | - Hubin Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hongming Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zigang Zhen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of TISCO, Taiyuan, China
| | - Huangsuo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of TISCO, Taiyuan, China
| | - Huoquan Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of TISCO, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of TISCO, Taiyuan, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of TISCO, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Central Laboratory, General Hospital of TISCO, Taiyuan, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of TISCO, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yueting Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuhu Niu
- Biochemical Laboratory in Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ruisheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of TISCO, Taiyuan, China
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20
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Junjappa RP, Kim HK, Park SY, Bhattarai KR, Kim KW, Soh JW, Kim HR, Chae HJ. Expression of TMBIM6 in Cancers: The Involvement of Sp1 and PKC. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070974. [PMID: 31336725 PMCID: PMC6678130 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane Bax Inhibitor Motif-containing 6 (TMBIM6) is upregulated in several cancer types and involved in the metastasis. Specific downregulation of TMBIM6 results in cancer cell death. However, the TMBIM6 gene transcriptional regulation in normal and cancer cells is least studied. Here, we identified the core promoter region (−133/+30 bp) sufficient for promoter activity of TMBIM6 gene. Reporter gene expression with mutations at transcription factor binding sites, EMSA, supershift, and ChIP assays demonstrated that Sp1 is an essential transcription factor for basal promoter activity of TMBIM6. The TMBIM6 mRNA expression was increased with Sp1 levels in a concentration dependent manner. Ablation of Sp1 through siRNA or inhibition with mithramycin-A reduced the TMBIM6 mRNA expression. We also found that the protein kinase-C activation stimulates promoter activity and endogenous TMBIM6 mRNA by 2- to 2.5-fold. Additionally, overexpression of active mutants of PKCι, PKCε, and PKCδ increased TMBIM6 expression by enhancing nuclear translocation of Sp1. Immunohistochemistry analyses confirmed that the expression levels of PKCι, Sp1, and TMBIM6 were correlated with one another in samples from human breast, prostate, and liver cancer patients. Altogether, this study suggests the involvement of Sp1 in basal transcription and PKC in the enhanced expression of TMBIM6 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Patil Junjappa
- Department of Pharmacology and New Drug Development Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and New Drug Development Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Seong Yeol Park
- Department of Pharmacology and New Drug Development Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Kashi Raj Bhattarai
- Department of Pharmacology and New Drug Development Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Kyung-Woon Kim
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-gun, Chonbuk 54875, Korea
| | - Jae-Won Soh
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Korea
| | - Hyung-Ryong Kim
- College of Dentistry, Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea.
| | - Han-Jung Chae
- Department of Pharmacology and New Drug Development Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
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21
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Yuan Y, Yangmei Z, Rongrong S, Xiaowu L, Youwei Z, Sun S. Sotrastaurin attenuates the stemness of gastric cancer cells by targeting PKCδ. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109165. [PMID: 31261030 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most lethal malignancies. Chemoresistance and metastasis are the main cause of treatment failure. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been proven to be essential for cancer metastasis and chemoresistance. PKCδ (protein kinase C-δ), a novel member of PKC family, has been validated as a synthetic lethal target in multiple cancers, and contributes to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) resistance in EGFR-mutant NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer) patients. However, its role in GC is unclear. Here, we systematically investigate its role in GC, especially in regulating GC stem cell-like properties. We found that PKCδ positively regulated the metastasis, chemoresistance, and stem cell-like characteristics of GC cells, and its inhibitor sotrastaurin could rescue the above effects mediated by PKCδ. Importantly, sotrastaurin could also weaken metastasis, chemoresistance, and stem cell-like characteristics of adriamycin-resistant GC cells via PKCδ suppression, indicating sotrastaurin is an ideal candidate for combinational therapy to overcome chemoresistance for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, XuZhou, 221009, China
| | - Zhang Yangmei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, XuZhou, 221009, China
| | - Sun Rongrong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, XuZhou, 221009, China
| | - Li Xiaowu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, XuZhou, 221009, China
| | - Zhang Youwei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, XuZhou, 221009, China.
| | - Sanyuan Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, XuZhou, 221009, China.
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22
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Faller DV. Response to "Selective PKCδ Inhibitor B106 Elicits Uveal Melanoma Growth Inhibitory Effects Independent of Activated PKC Isoforms". ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:131. [PMID: 30525445 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas V. Faller
- Boston University, Cancer Center 80 East Concord St, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
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23
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Huang BR, Bau DT, Chen TS, Chuang IC, Tsai CF, Chang PC, Hsu HC, Lu DY. Pro-Inflammatory Stimuli Influence Expression of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 in Human Anulus Fibrosus Cells through FAK/ERK/GSK3 and PKCδ Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010077. [PMID: 30585203 PMCID: PMC6337379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration and disc herniation are major causes of lower back pain, which involve the presence of inflammatory mediators and tissue invasion by immune cells. Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1, also termed CD54) is an adhesion molecule that mediates cell-cell interactions, particularly between immune cells and target tissue. The aim of this study was to examine the intracellular signaling pathways involved in inflammatory stimuli-induced ICAM1 expression in human anulus fibrosus (AF) cells. METHODS Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blotting, and flow cytometry were performed to dissect the roles of different signaling pathways in inflammatory stimuli-mediated ICAM1 expression. RESULTS Using qPCR and western blot analyses, a significant increase in ICAM1 expression was observed in AF cells after stimulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus interferon-gamma (IFNγ) in a time-dependent manner. Flow cytometry revealed ICAM1 upregulation on the surface of AF cells. Importantly, LPS plus IFNγ treatment also significantly promoted Chemokine ligand (CCL)2 expression, but not CCL3. The enhanced ICAM1 expression was abolished after incubation with antibody against CCL2. In AF cells, treatment with LPS plus IFNγ activated the FAK/ERK/GSK3 signaling pathways, promoted a time-dependent increase in PKCδ phosphorylation, and promoted PKCδ translocation to the nucleus. Treatment with the pharmacological PKCδ inhibitor; rottlerin, effectively blocked the enhanced productions of ICAM1 and CCL2. CONCLUSIONS Inflammatory stimuli in AF cells are part of a specific pathophysiology in IVD degeneration and disc herniation that modulates CCL2/ICAM1 activation through the FAK/ERK/GSK3 and PKCδ signaling pathways in AF cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor-Ren Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Neurosurgery Department, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 42743, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97002, Taiwan.
| | - Da-Tian Bau
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pathology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 42743, Taiwan.
| | - I-Chen Chuang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Chun Chang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Horng-Chaung Hsu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
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24
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Yang YC, Tsai CY, Chen CL, Kuo CH, Hou CW, Cheng SY, Aneja R, Huang CY, Kuo WW. Pkcδ Activation is Involved in ROS-Mediated Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Apoptosis in Cardiomyocytes Exposed to Advanced Glycation End Products (Ages). Aging Dis 2018; 9:647-663. [PMID: 30090653 PMCID: PMC6065295 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic patients exhibit serum AGE accumulation, which is associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and diabetic cardiomyopathy. ROS-induced PKCδ activation is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction in human cells. However, the role of PKCδ in cardiac and mitochondrial dysfunction caused by AGE in diabetes is still unclear. AGE-BSA-treated cardiac cells showed dose- and time-dependent cell apoptosis, ROS generation, and selective PKCδ activation, which were reversed by NAC and rotenone. Similar tendency was also observed in diabetic and obese animal hearts. Furthermore, enhanced apoptosis and reduced survival signaling by AGE-BSA or PKCδ-WT transfection were reversed by kinase-deficient (KD) of PKCδ transfection or PKCδ inhibitor, respectively, indicating that AGE-BSA-induced cardiomyocyte death is PKCδ-dependent. Increased levels of mitochondrial mass as well as mitochondrial fission by AGE-BSA or PKCδ activator were reduced by rottlerin, siPKCδ or KD transfection, indicating that the AGE-BSA-induced mitochondrial damage is PKCδ-dependent. Using super-resolution microscopy, we confirmed that PKCδ colocalized with mitochondria. Interestingly, the mitochondrial functional analysis by Seahorse XF-24 flux analyzer showed similar results. Our findings indicated that cardiac PKCδ activation mediates AGE-BSA-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via ROS production and may play a key role in the development of cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction in rats with diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Chih Yang
- 1Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yen Tsai
- 2Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Taiwan.,3School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Lin Chen
- 4Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Kuo
- 5Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan.,6Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wen Hou
- 5Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Yann Cheng
- 7Department of Medical Education and Research and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Taiwan.,8Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University An Nan Hospital, Taiwan.,9Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ritu Aneja
- 10Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- 11Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- 1Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taiwan
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25
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Chen Z, Liu Y, Yao L, Guo S, Gao Y, Zhu P. The long noncoding RNA lncZic2 drives the self-renewal of liver tumor-initiating cells via the protein kinase C substrates MARCKS and MARCKSL1. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:7982-7992. [PMID: 29588366 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver tumor-initiating cells (TICs) form small subsets of cells in hepatocellular tumors and account for tumorigenesis, metastasis, recurrence, and drug resistance. Recently, we found that the transcription factor Zic family member 2 (ZIC2) is highly expressed in liver TICs and required for their self-renewal. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying self-renewal of liver TICs remain unclear. Here, using expression profiling and CRISPR-interference assays with clinical samples of human liver cancers, we identified a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), lncZic2, that is located near the ZIC2 locus and was highly expressed in liver cancer and liver TICs. We found that lncZic2 is required for the self-renewal of liver TICs in a ZIC2-independent manner. lncZic2 drove the expression of myristoylated alanine-rich protein kinase C substrate (MARCKS) and MARCKS-like 1 (MARCKSL1), whose expression levels were increased during liver tumorigenesis and liver TIC self-renewal. Mechanistically, lncZic2 interacted with BRM/SWI2-related gene 1 (BRG1) and recruited this transcriptional regulator to the promoters of the MARCKS and MARCKSL1 gene, which activated expression of these genes. Moreover, we noted that depletion of lncZic2 and BRG1 decreases MARCKS and MARCKSL1 expression and diminishes liver TIC levels. In conclusion, lncZic2 is required for the self-renewal of liver TICs by up-regulating MARCKS and MARCKSL1 gene expression via the transcription factor BRG1. Our findings suggest that the lncZic2-BRG1-MARCKS/MARCKSL1 signaling cascade might be a potential target for eliminating liver TICs in the management of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yating Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lintong Yao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shiying Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanfeng Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Pingping Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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26
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Bessa C, Soares J, Raimundo L, Loureiro JB, Gomes C, Reis F, Soares ML, Santos D, Dureja C, Chaudhuri SR, Lopez-Haber C, Kazanietz MG, Gonçalves J, Simões MF, Rijo P, Saraiva L. Discovery of a small-molecule protein kinase Cδ-selective activator with promising application in colon cancer therapy. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:23. [PMID: 29348560 PMCID: PMC5833815 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0154-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes play major roles in human diseases, including cancer. Yet, the poor understanding of isozymes-specific functions and the limited availability of selective pharmacological modulators of PKC isozymes have limited the clinical translation of PKC-targeting agents. Here, we report the first small-molecule PKCδ-selective activator, the 7α-acetoxy-6β-benzoyloxy-12-O-benzoylroyleanone (Roy-Bz), which binds to the PKCδ-C1-domain. Roy-Bz potently inhibited the proliferation of colon cancer cells by inducing a PKCδ-dependent mitochondrial apoptotic pathway involving caspase-3 activation. In HCT116 colon cancer cells, Roy-Bz specifically triggered the translocation of PKCδ but not other phorbol ester responsive PKCs. Roy-Bz caused a marked inhibition in migration of HCT116 cells in a PKCδ-dependent manner. Additionally, the impairment of colonosphere growth and formation, associated with depletion of stemness markers, indicate that Roy-Bz also targets drug-resistant cancer stem cells, preventing tumor dissemination and recurrence. Notably, in xenograft mouse models, Roy-Bz showed a PKCδ-dependent antitumor effect, through anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and anti-angiogenic activities. Besides, Roy-Bz was non-genotoxic, and in vivo it had no apparent toxic side effects. Collectively, our findings reveal a novel promising anticancer drug candidate. Most importantly, Roy-Bz opens the way to a new era on PKC biology and pharmacology, contributing to the potential redefinition of the structural requirements of isozyme-selective agents, and to the re-establishment of PKC isozymes as feasible therapeutic targets in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Bessa
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Soares
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Liliana Raimundo
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana B Loureiro
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Célia Gomes
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, & CNC.IBILI Research Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Flávio Reis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, & CNC.IBILI Research Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel L Soares
- Laboratório de Apoio à Investigação em Medicina Molecular, Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniel Santos
- REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Chetna Dureja
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Cynthia Lopez-Haber
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Marcelo G Kazanietz
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Jorge Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria F Simões
- CBIOS-Centro de Investigação em Biociências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Universidade Lusófona, Lisboa, Portugal.,iMed.ULisboa, Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Rijo
- CBIOS-Centro de Investigação em Biociências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Universidade Lusófona, Lisboa, Portugal. .,iMed.ULisboa, Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Lucília Saraiva
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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27
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Abou-Antoun TJ, Nazarian J, Ghanem A, Vukmanovic S, Sandler AD. Molecular and functional analysis of anchorage independent, treatment-evasive neuroblastoma tumorspheres with enhanced malignant properties: A possible explanation for radio-therapy resistance. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0189711. [PMID: 29298329 PMCID: PMC5751995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in cancer treatment and management, more than 60% of patients with neuroblastoma present with very poor prognosis in the form of metastatic and aggressive disease. Solid tumors including neuroblastoma are thought to be heterogeneous with a sub-population of stem-like cells that are treatment-evasive with highly malignant characteristics. We previously identified a phenomenon of reversible adaptive plasticity (RAP) between anchorage dependent (AD) cells and anchorage independent (AI) tumorspheres in neuroblastoma cell cultures. To expand our molecular characterization of the AI tumorspheres, we sought to define the comprehensive proteomic profile of murine AD and AI neuroblastoma cells. The proteomic profiles of the two phenotypic cell populations were compared to each other to determine the differential protein expression and molecular pathways of interest. We report exclusive or significant up-regulation of tumorigenic pathways expressed by the AI tumorspheres compared to the AD cancer cells. These pathways govern metastatic potential, enhanced malignancy and epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, radio-therapy induced significant up-regulation of specific tumorigenic and proliferative proteins, namely survivin, CDC2 and the enzyme Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1. Bio-functional characteristics of the AI tumorspheres were resistant to sutent inhibition of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) as well as to 2.5 Gy radio-therapy as assessed by cell survival, proliferation, apoptosis and migration. Interestingly, PDGF-BB stimulation of the PDGFRβ led to transactivation of EGFR and VEGFR in AI tumorspheres more potently than in AD cells. Sutent inhibition of PDGFRβ abrogated this transactivation in both cell types. In addition, 48 h sutent treatment significantly down-regulated the protein expression of PDGFRβ, MYCN, SOX2 and Survivin in the AI tumorspheres and inhibited tumorsphere self-renewal. Radio-sensitivity in AI tumorspheres was enhanced when sutent treatment was combined with survivin knock-down. We conclude that AI tumorspheres have a differential protein expression compared to AD cancer cells that contribute to their malignant phenotype and radio-resistance. Specific targeting of both cellular phenotypes is needed to improve outcomes in neuroblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara J. Abou-Antoun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
- The Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, D.C., United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Javad Nazarian
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C., United States of America
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Anthony Ghanem
- The School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Stanislav Vukmanovic
- The Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Anthony D. Sandler
- The Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, D.C., United States of America
- The Joseph E. Robert Center for Surgical Care, Children's National Health System, Washington, D.C., United States of America
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28
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Identification and characterisation of lamprey protein kinase C delta-like gene. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12214. [PMID: 28939820 PMCID: PMC5610172 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12526-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C-δ (PKC-δ), a member of the lipid-regulated serine/threonine PKC family, has been implicated in a wide range of important cellular processes, such as cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Lampreys belong to the most primitive class of vertebrates, and there is little information on PKC-δ in these animals. In this study, a PKC-δ-like cDNA sequence and deduced PKC-δ-like amino acid sequence were identified in the Japanese lamprey (Lampetra japonica). The PKC-δ-like gene shared approximately 60% sequence identity with its homologs in jawed vertebrates. The anti-PKC-δ-like polyclonal antibodies were well prepared, and experiments showed that PKC-δ-like was primarily distributed in the supraneural body of the lamprey. Both mRNA and protein levels of PKC-δ-like in supraneural body cells were increased after incubation with cis-diaminedichloroplatinum (CDDP). Moreover, PKC-δ-like protein induced the apoptosis of HEK-293T cells. In addition, the activation of PKC-δ-like resulted in apoptosis. Conversely, the inhibition of PKC-δ-like activity disrupted the CDDP-mediated induction of cellular apoptosis. These results indicate that PKC-δ-like identified in lampreys might play an important role in apoptosis in jawless vertebrates.
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29
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Li H, Wang Y, Liu H, Shi Q, Li H, Wu W, Zhu D, Amos CI, Fang S, Lee JE, Li Y, Han J, Wei Q. Genetic variants of PDGF signaling pathway genes predict cutaneous melanoma survival. Oncotarget 2017; 8:74595-74606. [PMID: 29088810 PMCID: PMC5650365 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate whether genetic variants of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling pathway genes are associated with survival of cutaneous melanoma (CM) patients, we assessed associations of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in PDGF pathway with melanoma-specific survival in 858 CM patients of M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC). Additional data of 409 cases from Harvard University were also included for further analysis. We identified 13 SNPs in four genes (COL6A3, NCK2, COL5A1 and PRKCD) with a nominal P < 0.05 and false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.2 in MDACC dataset. Based on linkage disequilibrium, functional prediction and minor allele frequency, a representative SNP in each gene was selected. In the meta-analysis using MDACC and Harvard datasets, there were two SNPs associated with poor survival of CM patients: rs6707820 C>T in NCK2 (HR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.35-2.59, Pmeta= 1.53E-5); and rs2306574 T>C in PRKCD (HR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.33-2.24, Pmeta= 4.56E-6). Moreover, CM patients in MDACC with combined risk genotypes of these two loci had markedly poorer survival (HR = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.58-3.84, P < 0.001). Genetic variants of rs6707820 C>T in NCK2 and rs2306574 T>C in PRKCD of the PDGF signaling pathway may be biomarkers for melanoma survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, China.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yanru Wang
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Qiong Shi
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Hongyu Li
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Wenting Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Dakai Zhu
- Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Shenying Fang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Lee
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jiali Han
- Department of Epidemiology, Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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30
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Wie SM, Wellberg E, Karam SD, Reyland ME. Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Protect the Salivary Gland from Radiation Damage by Inhibiting Activation of Protein Kinase C-δ. Mol Cancer Ther 2017. [PMID: 28637715 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In patients undergoing irradiation (IR) therapy, injury to nontumor tissues can result in debilitating, and sometimes permanent, side effects. We have defined protein kinase C-δ (PKCδ) as a regulator of DNA damage-induced apoptosis and have shown that phosphorylation of PKCδ by c-Abl and c-Src activates its proapoptotic function. Here, we have explored the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) of c-Src and c-Abl to block activation of PKCδ for radioprotection of the salivary gland. Dasatinib, imatinib, and bosutinib all suppressed tyrosine phosphorylation of PKCδ and inhibited IR-induced apoptosis in vitro To determine whether TKIs can provide radioprotection of salivary gland function in vivo, mice were treated with TKIs and a single or fractionated doses of irradiation. Delivery of dasatinib or imatinib within 3 hours of a single or fractionated dose of irradiation resulted in >75% protection of salivary gland function at 60 days. Continuous dosing with dasatinib extended protection to at least 5 months and correlated with histologic evidence of salivary gland acinar cell regeneration. Pretreatment with TKIs had no impact on clonogenic survival of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells, and in mice harboring HNSCC cell-derived xenografts, combining dasatinib or imatinib with fractionated irradiation did not enhance tumor growth. Our studies indicate that TKIs may be useful clinically to protect nontumor tissue in HNC patients undergoing radiotherapy, without negatively impacting cancer treatment. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(9); 1989-98. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sten M Wie
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Elizabeth Wellberg
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sana D Karam
- Department of IR Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Mary E Reyland
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
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31
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Symonds JM, Ohm AM, Tan AC, Reyland ME. PKCδ regulates integrin αVβ3 expression and transformed growth of K-ras dependent lung cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:17905-19. [PMID: 26918447 PMCID: PMC4951259 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that Protein Kinase C delta (PKCδ) functions as a tumor promoter in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), specifically in the context of K-ras addiction. Here we define a novel PKCδ -> integrin αVβ3->Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK) pathway that regulates the transformed growth of K-ras dependent NSCLC cells. To explore how PKCδ regulates tumorigenesis, we performed mRNA expression analysis in four KRAS mutant NSCLC cell lines that stably express scrambled shRNA or a PKCδ targeted shRNA. Analysis of PKCδ-dependent mRNA expression identified 3183 regulated genes, 210 of which were specifically regulated in K-ras dependent cells. Genes that regulate extracellular matrix and focal adhesion pathways were most highly represented in this later group. In particular, expression of the integrin pair, αVβ3, was specifically reduced in K-ras dependent cells with depletion of PKCδ, and correlated with reduced ERK activation and reduced transformed growth as assayed by clonogenic survival. Re-expression of PKCδ restored ITGAV and ITGB3 mRNA expression, ERK activation and transformed growth, and this could be blocked by pretreatment with a αVβ3 function-blocking antibody, demonstrating a requirement for integrin αVβ3 downstream of PKCδ. Similarly, expression of integrin αV restored ERK activation and transformed growth in PKCδ depleted cells, and this could also be inhibited by pretreatment with PD98059. Our studies demonstrate an essential role for αVβ3 and ERK signalingdownstream of PKCδ in regulating the survival of K-ras dependent NSCLC cells, and identify PKCδ as a novel therapeutic target for the subset of NSCLC patients with K-ras dependent tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Symonds
- Program in Cancer Biology, The Graduate School, Aurora, CO, USA.,Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Angela M Ohm
- The Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Aik-Choon Tan
- The Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mary E Reyland
- The Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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32
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Hwang E, Yoo KC, Kang SG, Kim RK, Cui YH, Lee HJ, Kim MJ, Lee JS, Kim IG, Suh Y, Lee SJ. PKCδ activated by c-MET enhances infiltration of human glioblastoma cells through NOTCH2 signaling. Oncotarget 2016; 7:4890-902. [PMID: 26700818 PMCID: PMC4826251 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor prognosis of glioblastoma (GBM) is attributable to the propensity of tumor cells to infiltrate into the brain parenchyma. Protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes are highly expressed or aberrantly activated in GBM. However, how this signaling node translates to GBM cell invasiveness remains unknown. Here, we report that among PKC isoforms, PKCδ is strongly associated with infiltration of GBM cells. Notably, PKCδ enhanced Tyr418 phosphorylation of the non-receptor tyrosine kinase SRC, which in turn activated STAT3 and subsequent NOTCH2 signaling, ultimately leading to GBM cell invasiveness. Furthermore, we showed that PKCδ was aberrantly activated in GBM cells by c-MET, a receptor tyrosine kinase hyperactivated in GBM. In agreement, inhibition either component in the c-MET/PKCδ/SRC/STAT3 signaling axis effectively blocked the NOTCH2 signaling and invasiveness of GBM cells. Taken together, our findings shed a light on the signaling mechanisms behind the constitutive activation of PKCδ signaling in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Hwang
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Chun Yoo
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok-Gu Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Korea
| | - Rae-Kwon Kim
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yan-Hong Cui
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae-June Lee
- Division of Radiation Effect, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kim
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Gyu Kim
- Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Radiation Research Group, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yongjoon Suh
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Jae Lee
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
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33
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Wystrychowski W, Patlolla B, Zhuge Y, Neofytou E, Robbins RC, Beygui RE. Multipotency and cardiomyogenic potential of human adipose-derived stem cells from epicardium, pericardium, and omentum. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:84. [PMID: 27296220 PMCID: PMC4907285 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0343-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute myocardial infarction (MI) leads to an irreversible loss of proper cardiac function. Application of stem cell therapy is an attractive option for MI treatment. Adipose tissue has proven to serve as a rich source of stem cells (ADSCs). Taking into account the different morphogenesis, anatomy, and physiology of adipose tissue, we hypothesized that ADSCs from different adipose tissue depots may exert a diverse multipotency and cardiogenic potential. Methods The omental, pericardial, and epicardial adipose tissue samples were obtained from organ donors and patients undergoing heart transplantation at our institution. Human foreskin fibroblasts were used as the control group. Isolated ADSCs were analyzed for adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation capacity and proliferation potential. The immunophenotype and constitutive gene expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), GATA4, Nanog, and OCT4 were analyzed. DNA methylation inhibitor 5-azacytidine was exposed to the cells to stimulate the cardiogenesis. Finally, reprogramming towards cardiomyocytes was initiated with exogenous overexpression of seven transcription factors (ESRRG, GATA4, MEF2C, MESP1, MYOCD, TBX5, ZFPM2) previously applied successfully for fibroblast transdifferentiation toward cardiomyocytes. Expression of cardiac troponin T (cTNT) and alpha-actinin (Actn2) was analyzed 3 weeks after initiation of the cardiac differentiation. Results The multipotent properties of isolated plastic adherent cells were confirmed with expression of CD29, CD44, CD90, and CD105, as well as successful differentiation toward adipocytes and osteocytes; with the highest osteogenic and adipogenic potential for the epicardial and omental ADSCs, respectively. Epicardial ADSCs demonstrated a lower doubling time as compared with the pericardium and omentum-derived cells. Furthermore, epicardial ADSCs revealed higher constitutive expression of ALP and GATA4. Increased Actn2 and cTNT expression was observed after the transduction of seven reprogramming factors, with the highest expression in the epicardial ADSCs, as compared with the other ADSC subtypes and fibroblasts. Conclusions Human epicardial ADSCs revealed a higher cardiomyogenic potential as compared with the pericardial and omental ADSC subtypes as well as the fibroblast counterparts. Epicardial ADSCs may thus serve as the valuable subject for further studies on more effective methods of adult stem cell differentiation toward cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Wystrychowski
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Falk Cardiovascular Research Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Bhagat Patlolla
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Falk Cardiovascular Research Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Yan Zhuge
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Falk Cardiovascular Research Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Evgenios Neofytou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Falk Cardiovascular Research Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Robert C Robbins
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Falk Cardiovascular Research Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ramin E Beygui
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Falk Cardiovascular Research Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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34
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Reyland ME, Jones DNM. Multifunctional roles of PKCδ: Opportunities for targeted therapy in human disease. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 165:1-13. [PMID: 27179744 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The serine-threonine protein kinase, protein kinase C-δ (PKCδ), is emerging as a bi-functional regulator of cell death and proliferation. Studies in PKCδ-/- mice have confirmed a pro-apoptotic role for this kinase in response to DNA damage and a tumor promoter role in some oncogenic contexts. In non-transformed cells, inhibition of PKCδ suppresses the release of cytochrome c and caspase activation, indicating a function upstream of apoptotic pathways. Data from PKCδ-/- mice demonstrate a role for PKCδ in the execution of DNA damage-induced and physiologic apoptosis. This has led to the important finding that inhibitors of PKCδ can be used therapeutically to reduce irradiation and chemotherapy-induced toxicity. By contrast, PKCδ is a tumor promoter in mouse models of mammary gland and lung cancer, and increased PKCδ expression is a negative prognostic indicator in Her2+ and other subtypes of human breast cancer. Understanding how these distinct functions of PKCδ are regulated is critical for the design of therapeutics to target this pathway. This review will discuss what is currently known about biological roles of PKCδ and prospects for targeting PKCδ in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Reyland
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - David N M Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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35
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Assad Kahn S, Costa SL, Gholamin S, Nitta RT, Dubois LG, Fève M, Zeniou M, Coelho PLC, El-Habr E, Cadusseau J, Varlet P, Mitra SS, Devaux B, Kilhoffer MC, Cheshier SH, Moura-Neto V, Haiech J, Junier MP, Chneiweiss H. The anti-hypertensive drug prazosin inhibits glioblastoma growth via the PKCδ-dependent inhibition of the AKT pathway. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 8:511-26. [PMID: 27138566 PMCID: PMC5130115 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201505421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of drugs targeting monoamine receptors are routinely used in human pharmacology. We assessed the effect of these drugs on the viability of tumor-initiating cells isolated from patients with glioblastoma. Among the drugs targeting monoamine receptors, we identified prazosin, an α1- and α2B-adrenergic receptor antagonist, as the most potent inducer of patient-derived glioblastoma-initiating cell death. Prazosin triggered apoptosis of glioblastoma-initiating cells and of their differentiated progeny, inhibited glioblastoma growth in orthotopic xenografts of patient-derived glioblastoma-initiating cells, and increased survival of glioblastoma-bearing mice. We found that prazosin acted in glioblastoma-initiating cells independently from adrenergic receptors. Its off-target activity occurred via a PKCδ-dependent inhibition of the AKT pathway, which resulted in caspase-3 activation. Blockade of PKCδ activation prevented all molecular changes observed in prazosin-treated glioblastoma-initiating cells, as well as prazosin-induced apoptosis. Based on these data, we conclude that prazosin, an FDA-approved drug for the control of hypertension, inhibits glioblastoma growth through a PKCδ-dependent mechanism. These findings open up promising prospects for the use of prazosin as an adjuvant therapy for glioblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana Assad Kahn
- INSERM, UMR-S 1130, Neuroscience Paris Seine-IBPS, Paris, France CNRS, UMR 8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine-IBPS, Paris, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR-S 8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine-IBPS, Paris, France Department of Neurosurgery, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Silvia Lima Costa
- INSERM, UMR-S 1130, Neuroscience Paris Seine-IBPS, Paris, France CNRS, UMR 8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine-IBPS, Paris, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR-S 8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine-IBPS, Paris, France Neurochemistry and Cell Biology Laboratory Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil
| | - Sharareh Gholamin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ryan T Nitta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Luiz Gustavo Dubois
- INSERM, UMR-S 1130, Neuroscience Paris Seine-IBPS, Paris, France CNRS, UMR 8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine-IBPS, Paris, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR-S 8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine-IBPS, Paris, France Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marie Fève
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Laboratoire d'Excellence Medalis, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg/CNRS UMR7200, Illkirch, France
| | - Maria Zeniou
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Laboratoire d'Excellence Medalis, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg/CNRS UMR7200, Illkirch, France
| | - Paulo Lucas Cerqueira Coelho
- INSERM, UMR-S 1130, Neuroscience Paris Seine-IBPS, Paris, France CNRS, UMR 8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine-IBPS, Paris, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR-S 8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine-IBPS, Paris, France Neurochemistry and Cell Biology Laboratory Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil
| | - Elias El-Habr
- INSERM, UMR-S 1130, Neuroscience Paris Seine-IBPS, Paris, France CNRS, UMR 8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine-IBPS, Paris, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR-S 8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine-IBPS, Paris, France
| | - Josette Cadusseau
- UMR INSERM 955-Team 10, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies UPEC, Créteil, France
| | - Pascale Varlet
- Department of Neuropathology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Siddhartha S Mitra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bertrand Devaux
- INSERM, UMR-S 1130, Neuroscience Paris Seine-IBPS, Paris, France CNRS, UMR 8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine-IBPS, Paris, France Paris Descartes University, Paris, France Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Claude Kilhoffer
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Laboratoire d'Excellence Medalis, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg/CNRS UMR7200, Illkirch, France
| | - Samuel H Cheshier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Jacques Haiech
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Laboratoire d'Excellence Medalis, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg/CNRS UMR7200, Illkirch, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Junier
- INSERM, UMR-S 1130, Neuroscience Paris Seine-IBPS, Paris, France CNRS, UMR 8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine-IBPS, Paris, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR-S 8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine-IBPS, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Chneiweiss
- INSERM, UMR-S 1130, Neuroscience Paris Seine-IBPS, Paris, France CNRS, UMR 8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine-IBPS, Paris, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR-S 8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine-IBPS, Paris, France
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Tsai CF, Kuo YH, Yeh WL, Wu CYJ, Lin HY, Lai SW, Liu YS, Wu LH, Lu JK, Lu DY. Regulatory effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on neuroinflammation in microglial cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:5572-89. [PMID: 25768341 PMCID: PMC4394493 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16035572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglial activation has been widely demonstrated to mediate inflammatory processes that are crucial in several neurodegenerative disorders. Pharmaceuticals that can deliver direct inhibitory effects on microglia are therefore considered as a potential strategy to counter balance neurodegenerative progression. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a natural phenol in honeybee propolis, is known to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial properties. Accordingly, the current study intended to probe the effects of CAPE on microglia activation by using in vitro and in vivo models. Western blot and Griess reaction assay revealed CAPE significantly inhibited the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and the production of nitric oxide (NO). Administration of CAPE resulted in increased expressions of hemeoxygenase (HO)-1and erythropoietin (EPO) in microglia. The phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-α was further found to regulate the anti-inflammatory effects of caffeic acid. In vivo results from immunohistochemistry along with rotarod test also revealed the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of CAPE in microglia activation. The current study has evidenced several possible molecular determinants, AMPKα, EPO, and HO-1, in mediating anti-neuroinflammatory responses in microglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Lan Yeh
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
| | - Caren Yu-Ju Wu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiao-Yun Lin
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Wei Lai
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Shu Liu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Ling-Hsuan Wu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Jheng-Kun Lu
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
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37
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PKCδ maintains phenotypes of tumor initiating cells through cytokine-mediated autocrine loop with positive feedback. Oncogene 2015; 34:5749-59. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Revised: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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38
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Abstract
In preclinical studies, protein kinase C (PKC) enzymes have been implicated in regulating many aspects of pancreatic cancer development and progression. However, clinical Phase I or Phase II trials with compounds targeting classical PKC isoforms were not successful. Recent studies implicate that mainly atypical and novel PKC enzymes regulate oncogenic signaling pathways in pancreatic cancer. Members of these two subgroups converge signaling induced by mutant Kras, growth factors and inflammatory cytokines. Different approaches for the development of inhibitors for atypical PKC and novel PKC have been described; and new compounds include allosteric inhibitors and inhibitors that block ATP binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Storz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Griffin Building, Room 306, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
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39
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Naringenin Suppresses Neuroinflammatory Responses Through Inducing Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Expression. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:1080-1091. [PMID: 25579382 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-9042-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that neuroinflammation is closely associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. The hallmark of neuroinflammation is considered to be microglial activation in the central nervous system (CNS). Activated microglia release pro-inflammatory cytokines which cause neuroinflammation and progressive neuronal cell death. Therefore, inhibition of microglial activation is considered an important strategy in the development of neuroprotective strategy. Naringenin, a flavonoid found in citrus fruits and tomatoes, has been reported to have anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the mechanism of its beneficial anti-inflammatory effects in the CNS is poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that naringenin inhibites the release of nitric oxide (NO), the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines in microglial cells. Treatment of naringenin also induced suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-3 expression in microglia. The SOCS-3 expression and anti-inflammatory effects of naringenin were found to be regulated by adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) and protein kinase C δ (PKCδ). Besides, naringenin exerted protective property against neurotoxicity caused by LPS-induced microglial activation. Our findings suggest that naringenin-inhibited iNOS and COX-2 expression is mediated by SOCS-3 activation through AMPKα and PKCδ signaling pathways. In a mouse model, naringenin also showed significant protective effects on microglial activation and improved motor coordination function as well. Therefore, naringenin that involves in anti-neuroinflammatory responses and neuroprotection might be a potential agent for treatment of inflammation-associated disorders.
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The daidzein metabolite, 6,7,4'-Trihydroxyisoflavone, is a novel inhibitor of PKCα in suppressing solar UV-induced matrix metalloproteinase 1. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:21419-32. [PMID: 25415304 PMCID: PMC4264233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151121419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Soy isoflavone is an attractive source of functional cosmetic materials with anti-wrinkle, whitening and skin hydration effects. After consumption, the majority of soy isoflavones are converted to their metabolites in the human gastrointestinal tract. To understand the physiological impact of soy isoflavone on the human body, it is necessary to evaluate and address the biological function of its metabolites. In this study, we investigated the effect of 6,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone (6,7,4'-THIF), a major metabolite of daidzein, against solar UV (sUV)-induced matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in normal human dermal fibroblasts. MMPs play a critical role in the degradation of collagen in skin, thereby accelerating the aging process of skin. The mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MKK)3/6/p38 and MKK4/c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) signaling pathways are known to modulate MMP-1 function, and their activation by sUV was significantly reduced by 6,7,4'-THIF pretreatment. Our results also indicated that the enzyme activity of protein kinase C (PKC)α, an upstream regulator of MKKs signaling, is suppressed by 6,7,4'-THIF using the in vitro kinase assay. Furthermore, the direct interaction between 6,7,4'-THIF and endogenous PKCα was confirmed using the pull-down assay. Not only sUV-induced MMP-1 expression, but also sUV-induced signaling pathway activation were decreased in PKCα knockdown cells. Overall, we elucidated the inhibitory effect of 6,7,4'-THIF on sUV-induced MMPs and suggest PKCα as its direct molecular target.
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Mencalha AL, Corrêa S, Abdelhay E. Role of calcium-dependent protein kinases in chronic myeloid leukemia: combined effects of PKC and BCR-ABL signaling on cellular alterations during leukemia development. Onco Targets Ther 2014; 7:1247-54. [PMID: 25045273 PMCID: PMC4099416 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s64303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium-dependent protein kinases (PKCs) function in a myriad of cellular processes, including cell-cycle regulation, proliferation, hematopoietic stem cell differentiation, apoptosis, and malignant transformation. PKC inhibitors, when targeted to these pathways, have demonstrated efficacy against several types of solid tumors as well as leukemia. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) represents 20% of all adult leukemia. The aberrant Philadelphia chromosome has been reported as the main cause of CML development in hematopoietic stem cells, due to the formation of the BCR-ABL oncogene. PKCs and BCR-ABL coordinate several signaling pathways that are crucial to cellular malignant transformation. Experimental and clinical evidence suggests that pharmacological approaches using PKC inhibitors may be effective in the treatment of CML. This mini review summarizes articles from the National Center for Biotechnology Information website that have shown evidence of the involvement of PKC in CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- André L Mencalha
- Biophysics and Biometry Department, Roberto Alcântara Gomes Biology Institute, Rio de Janeiro's State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Stephany Corrêa
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit (CEMO), National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliana Abdelhay
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit (CEMO), National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Takashima A, English B, Chen Z, Cao J, Cui R, Williams RM, Faller DV. Protein kinase Cδ is a therapeutic target in malignant melanoma with NRAS mutation. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:1003-14. [PMID: 24506253 DOI: 10.1021/cb400837t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
NRAS is the second most frequently mutated gene in melanoma. Previous reports have demonstrated the sensitivity of cancer cell lines carrying KRAS mutations to apoptosis initiated by inhibition of protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ). Here, we report that PKCδ inhibition is cytotoxic in melanomas with primary NRAS mutations. Novel small-molecule inhibitors of PKCδ were designed as chimeric hybrids of two naturally occurring PKCδ inhibitors, staurosporine and rottlerin. The specific hypothesis interrogated and validated is that combining two domains of two naturally occurring PKCδ inhibitors into a chimeric or hybrid structure retains biochemical and biological activity and improves PKCδ isozyme selectivity. We have devised a potentially general synthetic protocol to make these chimeric species using Molander trifluorborate coupling chemistry. Inhibition of PKCδ, by siRNA or small molecule inhibitors, suppressed the growth of multiple melanoma cell lines carrying NRAS mutations, mediated via caspase-dependent apoptosis. Following PKCδ inhibition, the stress-responsive JNK pathway was activated, leading to the activation of H2AX. Consistent with recent reports on the apoptotic role of phospho-H2AX, knockdown of H2AX prior to PKCδ inhibition mitigated the induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis. Furthermore, PKCδ inhibition effectively induced cytotoxicity in BRAF mutant melanoma cell lines that had evolved resistance to a BRAF inhibitor, suggesting the potential clinical application of targeting PKCδ in patients who have relapsed following treatment with BRAF inhibitors. Taken together, the present work demonstrates that inhibition of PKCδ by novel small molecule inhibitors causes caspase-dependent apoptosis mediated via the JNK-H2AX pathway in melanomas with NRAS mutations or BRAF inhibitor resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brandon English
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | | | | | | | - Robert M. Williams
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
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