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Barbosa WA, Leite CDFC, Reis CHO, Machado AF, Bullo V, Gobbo S, Bergamin M, Lima-Leopoldo AP, Vancini RL, Baker JS, Rica RL, Bocalini DS. Effect of Supervised and Unsupervised Exercise Training in Outdoor Gym on the Lifestyle of Elderly People. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:7022. [PMID: 37947578 PMCID: PMC10648151 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20217022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of supervised and unsupervised physical training programs using outdoor gym equipment on the lifestyles of elderly people. METHODS physically independent elderly people were randomly distributed into three groups: supervised training (n: 20; ST), unsupervised training (n: 20; UT) and control (n: 20; C). The ST and UT groups completed a 12-week program, with exercises performed three times a week. The ST group underwent weekly 30 min sessions consisting of a 5 min warm-up (walking at 60% of HRmax), followed by 20 sets of 30, "monitored by a metronome with 30" of passive recovery between sets and a five-minute cool-down. The following equipment was used: elliptical, rowing, surfing and leg press. The UT group was instructed to freely attend the gym and train spontaneously using the same equipment used by ST. Lifestyle changes were evaluated using a questionnaire containing specific domains. RESULTS no significant differences were identified in the domains for family, physical activity, nutrition, smoking, sleep, behavior, introspection, work and overall score; however, the values corresponding to the alcohol domain for the ST and UT groups were lower (p < 0.05) than the C group, remaining even lower after the 12 weeks of intervention. Time effect (p < 0.05) was found only in the ST group for the physical domains, sleep, behavior and overall score. CONCLUSION elderly people submitted to supervised and unsupervised physical exercise programs using outdoor gym equipment present positive changes in lifestyle parameters compared to physical inactive elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Welmo A. Barbosa
- Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Campus Goiabeiras, Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil (D.S.B.)
- MoveAgeLab, Physical Education and Sport Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória 29075-010, ES, Brazil
| | - Carine Danielle F. C. Leite
- Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Campus Goiabeiras, Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil (D.S.B.)
| | - Carlos H. O. Reis
- Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Campus Goiabeiras, Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil (D.S.B.)
| | - Alexandre F. Machado
- Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Campus Goiabeiras, Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil (D.S.B.)
| | - Valentina Bullo
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Gobbo
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Bergamin
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Ana Paula Lima-Leopoldo
- Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Campus Goiabeiras, Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil (D.S.B.)
| | - Rodrigo L. Vancini
- MoveAgeLab, Physical Education and Sport Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória 29075-010, ES, Brazil
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Center for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Roberta L. Rica
- Department of Physical Education, Estacio de Sá University, Vitoria 22640-102, ES, Brazil
| | - Danilo S. Bocalini
- Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Campus Goiabeiras, Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil (D.S.B.)
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Ibarra-Sanchez AS, Chen G, Wisløff T. Are relative educational inequalities in multiple health behaviors widening? A longitudinal study of middle-aged adults in Northern Norway. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1190087. [PMID: 37674677 PMCID: PMC10477439 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1190087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Educational inequality in multiple health behaviors is rarely monitored using data from the same individuals as they age. The aim of this study is to research changes in relative educational inequality in multiple variables related to health behavior (smoking, physical activity, alcohol intake, and body mass index), separately and collectively (healthy lifestyle), among middle-aged adults living in Northern Norway. Methods Data from adult respondents aged 32-87 in 2008 with repeated measurements in 2016 (N = 8,906) were drawn from the sixth and seventh waves of the Tromsø Study. Logistic regression was used to assess the relative educational inequality in the variables related to health behavior. The analyses were performed for the total sample and separately for women and men at both baseline and follow-up. Results Educational inequality was observed in all the variables related to health behavior at baseline and follow-up, in both men and women. Higher levels of educational attainment were associated with healthier categories (non-daily smoking, physical activity, normal body mass index, and a healthy lifestyle), but also with high alcohol intake. The prevalence of daily smoking and physical inactivity decreased during the surveyed period, while high alcohol intake, having a body mass index outside of the normal range and adhering to multiple health recommendations simultaneously increased. The magnitude of relative educational inequality measured at baseline increased at the follow-up in all the variables related to health behavior. Differences were larger among women when compared to men, except in physical inactivity. Conclusion Persistent and increasing relative disparities in health behavior between the highest education level and lower education levels are found in countries with well-established and comprehensive welfare systems like Norway. Addressing these inequalities is essential for reducing both the chronic disease burden and educational disparities in health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gang Chen
- Centre for Health Economics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Torbjørn Wisløff
- Health Services Research Unit, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
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The Influence of a Psychosocial Rehabilitation Program in a Community Health Setting for Patients with Chronic Mental Disorders. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18084319. [PMID: 33921774 PMCID: PMC8072785 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To examine (a) the amount of health-related behavior, (b) the level of generalized optimism, (c) the belief about patients' abilities to cope with difficult situations and obstacles and (d) the subjective sense of social exclusion at baseline and at follow-up among patients with chronic mental health issues participating in a psychosocial rehabilitation program in a community mental health setting. Materials and Methods: This prospective study involved 52 participants aged 18-43 years and diagnosed with mental illness who participated in a 6-month psychosocial rehabilitation program, organized within a special community setting. Different questionnaires were used: the Health-Related Behavior Questionnaire, the Revised Life Orientation Test, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Personal Competence Scale and a self-made questionnaire concerning social exclusion problems. Results: Statistical analysis of the questionnaire results taken at the beginning and end of the six-month course, running from November 2015 to May 2016, revealed significant increases in health-related behavior (p = 0.006) and general self-efficacy (p = 0.01). Conclusions: Psychosocial rehabilitation programs offered by community mental health settings might serve as an easy, accessible strategy to deal with different interpersonal and intrapersonal problems and as a potential way to improve health behavior. Further research is required to evaluate other psychosocial rehabilitation programs in different community mental health settings in Lodz Voivodeship, Poland.
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Amir D, Valeggia C, Srinivasan M, Sugiyama LS, Dunham Y. Measuring subjective social status in children of diverse societies. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226550. [PMID: 31860691 PMCID: PMC6924674 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Subjective Social Status (SSS) is a robust predictor of psychological and physiological outcomes, frequently measured as self-reported placement on the MacArthur Scale of Subjective Social Status. Despite its importance, however, there are still open questions regarding how early into ontogeny SSS can be measured, and how well SSS measures can be extended to non-Western and small-scale populations. Here, we investigate the internal consistency of responses to the MacArthur ladder across four cultures by comparing responses to more explicit social comparison questions. We conduct these comparisons among children and adolescents, ages 4 to 18, in India, the United States, and Argentina, in addition to those in two indigenous communities of the Ecuadorean Amazon marked by differing degrees of market integration (total N = 363). We find that responses are consistent in all populations, except for the more remote forager-horticulturalist Ecuadorian community. We also find that, consistent with findings among American adolescents, SSS declines with age. We then assess the test-retest reliability of the MacArthur Scale across two time-points: a subset of Indian participants (N = 43) within one week, and a larger, second sample of Indian participants after one year (N = 665). We find that responses are highly correlated within one week (ρ = 0.47), and moderately correlated after one year (ρ = 0.32). These results suggest that responses to the MacArthur ladder are internally consistent and reliable among children across a range of diverse populations, though care must be taken in utilizing these measures among children of non-industrial, small-scale societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorsa Amir
- Yale University, Department of Anthropology, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Claudia Valeggia
- Yale University, Department of Anthropology, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Mahesh Srinivasan
- University of California, Department of Psychology, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Lawrence S. Sugiyama
- University of Oregon, Department of Anthropology, Eugene, OR, United States of America
| | - Yarrow Dunham
- Yale University, Department of Psychology, New Haven, CT, United States of America
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Bosque-Prous M, Kuipers MAG, Espelt A, Richter M, Rimpelä A, Perelman J, Federico B, Brugal MT, Lorant V, Kunst AE. Adolescent alcohol use and parental and adolescent socioeconomic position in six European cities. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:646. [PMID: 28789626 PMCID: PMC5549347 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4635-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many risk behaviours in adolescence are socially patterned. However, it is unclear to what extent socioeconomic position (SEP) influences adolescent drinking in various parts of Europe. We examined how alcohol consumption is associated with parental SEP and adolescents’ own SEP among students aged 14–17 years. Methods Cross-sectional data were collected in the 2013 SILNE study. Participants were 8705 students aged 14–17 years from 6 European cities. The dependent variable was weekly binge drinking. Main independent variables were parental SEP (parental education level and family affluence) and adolescents’ own SEP (student weekly income and academic achievement). Multilevel Poisson regression models with robust variance and random intercept were fitted to estimate the association between adolescent drinking and SEP. Results Prevalence of weekly binge drinking was 4.2% (95%CI = 3.8–4.6). Weekly binge drinking was not associated with parental education or family affluence. However, weekly binge drinking was less prevalent in adolescents with high academic achievement than those with low achievement (PR = 0.34; 95%CI = 0.14–0.87), and more prevalent in adolescents with >€50 weekly income compared to those with ≤€5/week (PR = 3.14; 95%CI = 2.23–4.42). These associations were found to vary according to country, but not according to gender or age group. Conclusions Across the six European cities, adolescent drinking was associated with adolescents’ own SEP, but not with parental SEP. Socio-economic inequalities in adolescent drinking seem to stem from adolescents’ own situation rather than that of their family. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4635-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bosque-Prous
- Agencia de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Plaça Lesseps 1, 08023, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Carrer Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain. .,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Carrer Doctor Aiguader 80, 08003, Barcelona, Spain. .,Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DD Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Mirte A G Kuipers
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DD Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert Espelt
- Agencia de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Plaça Lesseps 1, 08023, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Carrer Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain.,Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red. Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Calle Melchor Fernández Almagro 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia en Ciències de la Salut, Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus UAB Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Matthias Richter
- Institute of Medical Sociology (IMS), Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Arja Rimpelä
- School of Health Sciences and PERLA - Tampere Centre for Childhood, Youth and Family Research, University of Tampere, 33014, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Tampere University Hospital, -33521, Tampere, FI, Finland
| | - Julian Perelman
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, 1600-560, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bruno Federico
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, 03043, Cassino, Italy
| | - M Teresa Brugal
- Agencia de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Plaça Lesseps 1, 08023, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Carrer Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vincent Lorant
- Institute of Health and Society, Université Catholique de Louvain, 3016-1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anton E Kunst
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DD Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Lammers J, Goossens F, Conrod P, Engels R, Wiers RW, Kleinjan M. Effectiveness of a selective alcohol prevention program targeting personality risk factors: Results of interaction analyses. Addict Behav 2017; 71:82-88. [PMID: 28282524 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore whether specific groups of adolescents (i.e., scoring high on personality risk traits, having a lower education level, or being male) benefit more from the Preventure intervention with regard to curbing their drinking behaviour. DESIGN A clustered randomized controlled trial, with participants randomly assigned to a 2-session coping skills intervention or a control no-intervention condition. SETTING Fifteen secondary schools throughout The Netherlands; 7 schools in the intervention and 8 schools in the control condition. PARTICIPANTS 699 adolescents aged 13-15; 343 allocated to the intervention and 356 to the control condition; with drinking experience and elevated scores in either negative thinking, anxiety sensitivity, impulsivity or sensation seeking. MEASUREMENTS Differential effectiveness of the Preventure program was examined for the personality traits group, education level and gender on past-month binge drinking (main outcome), binge frequency, alcohol use, alcohol frequency and problem drinking, at 12months post-intervention. INTERVENTION AND COMPARATOR Preventure is a selective school-based alcohol prevention programme targeting personality risk factors. The comparator was a no-intervention control. FINDINGS Intervention effects were moderated by the personality traits group and by education level. More specifically, significant intervention effects were found on reducing alcohol use within the anxiety sensitivity group (OR=2.14, CI=1.40, 3.29) and reducing binge drinking (OR=1.76, CI=1.38, 2.24) and binge drinking frequency (β=0.24, p=0.04) within the sensation seeking group at 12months post-intervention. Also, lower educated young adolescents reduced binge drinking (OR=1.47, CI=1.14, 1.88), binge drinking frequency (β=0.25, p=0.04), alcohol use (OR=1.32, CI=1.06, 1.65) and alcohol use frequency (β=0.47, p=0.01), but not those in the higher education group. Post hoc latent-growth analyses revealed significant effects on the development of binge drinking (β=-0.19, p=0.02) and binge drinking frequency (β=-0.10, p=0.03) within the SS personality trait. CONCLUSIONS The alcohol selective prevention program Preventure appears to have effect on the prevalence of binge drinking and alcohol use among specific groups in young adolescents in the Netherlands, particularly the SS personality trait and lower educated adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Lammers
- Trimbos Institute (Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction), Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Ferry Goossens
- Trimbos Institute (Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction), Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Patricia Conrod
- Department of Psychological Medicine and Psychiatry, Section of Addiction, Kings College London, University of London, United Kingdom.
| | - Rutger Engels
- Trimbos Institute (Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction), Utrecht, The Netherlands; Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Reinout W Wiers
- Addiction, Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT) Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Marloes Kleinjan
- Trimbos Institute (Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction), Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Randell E, Joffer J, Flacking R, Starrin B, Jerdén L. Pride, shame and health among adolescents - a cross-sectional survey. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2017; 30:/j/ijamh.ahead-of-print/ijamh-2016-0107/ijamh-2016-0107.xml. [PMID: 28599376 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2016-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Pride and shame are important emotions known to influence identity development and psychological well-being in adolescence. Research evidence indicates that self-rated health (SRH) is a strong predictor of future health. This cross-sectional study, conducted during 2008-2009, aimed to investigate the associations between pride, shame and SRH among adolescent boys and girls. Methods The study sample comprised 705 adolescents in Sweden aged 17-18 years (318 boys and 387 girls) who completed a questionnaire that included items on SRH, shame and pride (participation rate 67%). Logistic regression analyses (univariable and multivariable) were used to investigate the associations between pride and shame as separate and combined constructs on SRH, adjusting for potential confounders (country of birth, parental educational level, school experience, having enough friends, mood in family and being active in associations). Results Pride and shame separately were significantly associated with SRH in both genders. Logistic regression analysis of the pride-shame model showed that the odds of having lower SRH were highest in boys and girls with lower pride-higher shame. In a multivariable logistic regression analysis of the pride-shame model the odds of having lower SRH remained significant in boys and girls with lower pride-higher shame [boys: odds ratio (OR) 3.51, confidence interval (CI) 1.40-8.81; girls: OR 2.70, CI 1.22-5.96] and in girls with lower pride-lower shame (OR 2.16, CI 1.02-4.56). Conclusion The emotions of shame and pride are associated with SRH in adolescence. Experiencing pride seems to serve as a protective mechanism in SRH in adolescents exposed to shame. We believe that this knowledge should be useful in adolescent health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Randell
- School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, 791 88 Falun, Sweden, Phone: +46 23 778118; +4670 4619120
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Junia Joffer
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Center for Clinical Research Dalarna - Uppsala University, Nissers väg 3, 791 82 Falun, Sweden
| | - Renée Flacking
- School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, 791 88 Falun, Sweden
| | - Bengt Starrin
- Department of Social Studies, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences,Karlstad University, 65188 Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Lars Jerdén
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Center for Clinical Research Dalarna - Uppsala University, Nissers väg 3, 791 82 Falun, Sweden
- School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, 791 88 Falun, Sweden
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Ferrari TK, Cesar CLG, Alves MCGP, Barros MBDA, Goldbaum M, Fisberg RM. Estilo de vida saudável em São Paulo, Brasil. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2017; 33:e00188015. [DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00188015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo: O objetivo foi analisar o estilo de vida das populações adolescente, adulta e idosa do Município de São Paulo, Brasil, de acordo com variáveis demográficas e socioeconômicas. Foi realizado estudo transversal, de base populacional, com dados do Inquérito de Saúde no Município de São Paulo (ISA-Capital 2008). O estilo de vida foi definido pela avaliação da atividade física, consumo alimentar, tabagismo, consumo abusivo e dependência de álcool, de acordo com as respectivas recomendações. A prevalência de estilo de vida saudável foi de 36,9% entre idosos, 15,4% entre adultos e 9,8% entre adolescentes, sendo maior no sexo feminino entre idosos e adultos. Dentre aqueles com estilo de vida não saudável, 51,5% dos idosos, 32,2% dos adultos e 57,9% dos adolescentes não atingiram a recomendação para uma dieta adequada. A prevalência de estilo de vida saudável foi maior entre idosos, seguida pelos adultos e adolescentes. O consumo alimentar foi o principal responsável pelo estilo de vida não saudável, evidenciando a importância de intervenções para a promoção do estilo de vida saudável e, principalmente, da dieta adequada.
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Umeda M, Oshio T, Fujii M. The impact of the experience of childhood poverty on adult health-risk behaviors in Japan: a mediation analysis. Int J Equity Health 2015; 14:145. [PMID: 26645322 PMCID: PMC4673773 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-015-0278-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The experience of childhood poverty has a long-lasting, adverse impact on physical health outcomes in adulthood. We examined the mediating effects of adult socioeconomic status (SES) and social support on the association between childhood poverty and adult health-risk behaviors. Methods Cross-sectional data collected from Japanese community residents (N = 3836) were used. A binary indicator of the experience of childhood poverty was constructed by utilizing retrospectively assessed standard of living at age 15 and a set of parental SES variables. The associations of childhood poverty with smoking, lack of exercise, poor dietary habits, and excessive drinking at the time of survey were examined by logistic regression analysis. A mediation analysis was conducted to estimate the magnitudes of the mediating effects of adult SES and social support on these associations. Results Adult SES and social support together mediated 64.0, 29.4 and 30.6 % of the impacts of the experience of childhood poverty on smoking, lack of exercise, and poor dietary habits, respectively. Educational attainment had the largest mediating effect (58.2 %) on the impact of the experience of childhood poverty on smoking. Conclusions The results suggest that interventions and policies for supporting children living in poverty should aim to enhance their future SES and provide better social support, as this might improve their overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Umeda
- College of Nursing, St. Luke's International University, 3-8-5 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Takashi Oshio
- Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University, 2-1 Naka, Kunitachi, Tokyo, 186-8603, Japan.
| | - Mayu Fujii
- Department of Education, Hokkaido University of Education-Hakodate, 1-2 Hachimanchou, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 040-8567, Japan.
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Yang GR, Yuan SY, Fu HJ, Wan G, Zhu LX, Yuan MX, Lv YJ, Zhang JD, Du XP, Li YL, Ji Y, Zhou L, Li Y. Influence of educational attainments on long term glucose control and morbid events in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving integrated care from 15 China urban communities: The Beijing Community Diabetes Study 11. Prim Care Diabetes 2015; 9:473-481. [PMID: 25865852 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of educational attainment on glucose control and morbid events in patients with type 2 diabetes in Beijing communities. METHODS In this prospective multi-center study, 2866 type 2 diabetes patients receiving integrated care from 15 Beijing urban communities were investigated. Educational attainment was categorized into three levels: low, medium, and high. After a 42-month management, glucose control parameters and morbid events were analyzed. RESULTS At baseline, the percentages of patients with good glucose control (HbA1c ≤ 7.0%) in the low, medium and high educational groups were 49.09%, 54.82% and 62.59%, respectively (P<0.001). After the 42-month management, fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c values were the highest in the low educational group (7.51 ± 2.05 mmol/l and 7.20 ± 1.27%, respectively). Percentages of patients with good glucose control in the three groups were 49.6%, 55.83% and 67.23%, respectively, and the incidences of combined morbid events were 4.5%, 2.4% and 1.5%, respectively. Cox regression analysis showed that educational level was related to the incidence of combined morbid events (medium level, HR=0.572; high level, HR=0.351; P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Educational level was associated with long-term glucose control, and seemed to be related to the incidence of combined morbid events in people with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Ran Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shen-Yuan Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Han-Jing Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Wan
- Department of Medical Records and Statistics, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang-Xiang Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Xia Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Jie Lv
- Cuigezhuang Community Health Service Center, Beijing, China
| | | | - Xue-Ping Du
- Yuetan Community Health Service Center of Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Ling Li
- Xinjiekou Community Health Service Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Ji
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Aerospace General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhou
- School Hospital of Central University for Nationalities, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Li
- Aerospace Central Hospital, Beijing, China
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Juneau CE, Benmarhnia T, Poulin AA, Côté S, Potvin L. Socioeconomic position during childhood and physical activity during adulthood: a systematic review. Int J Public Health 2015; 60:799-813. [PMID: 26298440 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-015-0710-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A growing body of evidence links socioeconomic position early in life and physical activity during adulthood. This systematic review aimed to summarize this evidence. METHODS Medline and EMBASE were searched for studies that assessed socioeconomic position before age 18 years and physical activity at age ≥18 years. Studies were rated according to three key methodological quality criteria: (1) was childhood socioeconomic position assessed prospectively? (2) Was socioeconomic position during adulthood included in the statistical analysis? (3) Was a validated instrument used to measure of physical activity? RESULTS Forty-two publications were included. Twenty-six (61.9 %) found a significant association between socioeconomic position early in life and physical activity during adulthood. Twenty-one studies met at least two methodological quality criteria. Among those, the proportion was higher: 15/21 (71.4 %). Associations were of weak to moderate strength, positive for physical activity during leisure time, and negative for transports and work. CONCLUSIONS The bulk of the evidence supports the notion that there is a life course association between socioeconomic position early in life and physical activity during adulthood. Studies using more rigorous methodology supported this conclusion more consistently.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Juneau
- École de Santé Publique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Succursale Centre-ville, C.P. 6128, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - T Benmarhnia
- École de Santé Publique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Succursale Centre-ville, C.P. 6128, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - A A Poulin
- École de Santé Publique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Succursale Centre-ville, C.P. 6128, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - S Côté
- École de Santé Publique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Succursale Centre-ville, C.P. 6128, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - L Potvin
- École de Santé Publique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Succursale Centre-ville, C.P. 6128, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
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Malmberg M, Kleinjan M, Overbeek G, Vermulst A, Lammers J, Monshouwer K, Vollebergh WAM, Engels RCME. Substance use outcomes in the Healthy School and Drugs program: results from a latent growth curve approach. Addict Behav 2015; 42:194-202. [PMID: 25481454 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the effectiveness of the Healthy School and Drugs (HSD) program for secondary schools on the development of substance use among Dutch early adolescents and to explore whether boys, adolescents of lower educational backgrounds, or adolescents high on personality risk traits, would benefit more from the HSD program than others. DESIGN Randomized clustered trial with two intervention conditions (i.e., lessons and integral) among a general population of adolescents in the Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS A total of 3784 students of 23 Dutch secondary schools. MEASUREMENTS Structured digital questionnaires were administered pre-intervention and at 8, 20, and 32months follow-ups. The outcome measure was the rate of change in substance use across follow-ups. Differential effectiveness of the HSD program was examined for sex, educational level, and personality traits. FINDINGS Our results show no HSD intervention effects on the development of substance use. Sex, education level, and personality characteristics of the participants did not moderate the intervention effects. CONCLUSION The absence of effects of the Healthy School and Drugs program on the development of substance use indicates that the program should be renewed and redeveloped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Malmberg
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marloes Kleinjan
- Trimbos Institute (Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Geertjan Overbeek
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ad Vermulst
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Lammers
- Trimbos Institute (Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Monshouwer
- Trimbos Institute (Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction), Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Wilma A M Vollebergh
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Rutger C M E Engels
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Trimbos Institute (Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction), Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Mirghafourvand M, Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi S, Tavananezhad N, Karkhaneh M. Health-promoting lifestyle and its predictors among Iranian adolescent girls, 2013. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2015; 26:495-502. [PMID: 24262646 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2013-0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Health-promoting behaviors have considerable effects on improving life quality and decreasing healthcare expenses. This study aimed to determine the status of health-promoting behaviors and its subscales, as well as its relationship with self-efficacy and some socio-demographic characteristics in adolescent Iranian girls. MATERIALS AND METHODS The participants in this study were 750 adolescent girls aged 14-18 years, living in the city of Sanandaj, Iran in 2013. Samples were selected randomly. Questionnaires used in the study were the "Adolescent Healthy Lifestyle" and "Sherer General Self-efficacy" questionnaires. Multivariate linear regresion analysis was used to determine predictors of health-promoting lifestyle. RESULTS Mean total score of health-promoting lifestyles in adolescent girls was 3.51 (SD 0.55) and its observed scores ranged from 1 to 5. The highest and lowest mean scores were obtained for life appreciation and physical activity subscales, respectively. Self-efficacy had significant positive correlation with the total health-promoting lifestyle scores and all its subscales. The variables of self-efficacy, current disease, mother's education, mother's occupation, and sufficiency of income for expenses remained in the multivariate linear regresion model and were able to explain 21% of the observed variance of the total score for health-promoting lifestyle. CONCLUSION The findings show that adolescents "sometimes" or "often" show health-promoting behaviors. In addition to self-efficacy as the main predictor, some of the socio-demographic characteristics are also among the predictors of health behaviors. With consideration of adolescence years as a foundation for one's future life, it is necessary to provide strategies to encourage a health-promoting lifestyle in adolescents.
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Juneau CE, Sullivan A, Dodgeon B, Côté S, Ploubidis GB, Potvin L. Social class across the life course and physical activity at age 34 years in the 1970 British birth cohort. Ann Epidemiol 2014; 24:641-7, 647.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.06.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Revised: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abdel Rahim BEE, Mahfouz MS, Yagoub U, Solan YMH, Alsanosy RM. Practice and attitude of cigarette smoking: a community-based study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92939. [PMID: 24695369 PMCID: PMC3973620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Saudi Arabia many studies have addressed cigarette smoking from various perspectives. Most of these studies, however, were conducted among males and confined to Riyadh, the capital city. Such limitations have enhanced the need for community-based epidemiological studies that include both genders and various age groups and socio-demographic features, as well as different regions. Objective This cross-sectional study aims to assess the prevalence of cigarette smoking and to discuss the association between cigarette smoking habits and socio-demographic factors among community members of the Jazan area in southwest Saudi Arabia. Methods A pre-coded questionnaire was designed and tested for data consistency. A well-trained health team was assigned to gather the data from the 30 primary healthcare centers distributed across eight provinces. The response rate was 92.8% (4,326 respondents ≥13 years old). The associations among the subjects' socio-demographic characteristics were examined by the chi-square test. A multiple logistic regression and odds ratios were calculated as well. Results A total of 1,017 (23.5%), 1,042 (24.1%), and 3,284 (75.9%) respondents were, respectively, current smokers (TCS), ever-smokers (TES), and non-smokers (TNS). Though current smokers seem to be more prevalent in urban populations (13.8%) than in rural populations (9.7%), the association of urbanization with a current smoking habit is insignificant. Conclusion Having fun, relieving stress, and the influence of parents, particularly of mothers, were the main motives that encouraged participants' cigarette-smoking habits. This situation was worsened by the fact that accessing cigarettes was either very easy or easy for over 90% of the respondents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahaa-eldin E. Abdel Rahim
- Unit of Population Health, Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
| | - Mohamed Salih Mahfouz
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Umar Yagoub
- Unit of Population Health, Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya M. H. Solan
- Department of Primary Healthcare of Jazan, Ministry of Health, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Hobin E, So J, Rosella L, Comte M, Manske S, McGavock J. Trajectories of objectively measured physical activity among secondary students in Canada in the context of a province-wide physical education policy: a longitudinal analysis. J Obes 2014; 2014:958645. [PMID: 24672714 PMCID: PMC3942104 DOI: 10.1155/2014/958645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower levels of physical activity are associated with childhood obesity. School physical education (PE) policies have been identified as critical to improve child and adolescent physical activity levels but there has been little evaluation of such policies. In the province of Manitoba, Canada, the government implemented a mandatory PE policy in secondary schools designed to increase the daily physical activity levels of adolescents. The objective of this study was to examine the longitudinal changes in and the factors associated with the physical activity trajectories of adolescents in Manitoba during their tenure as secondary school students in the context of this school PE policy. The results found, despite the PE policy, a grade-related decline in the physical activity trajectories of adolescents; however, the decline in physical activity was attenuated among adolescents with low and moderate baseline physical activity compared to adolescents with high baseline physical activity and among adolescents who attended schools in neighbourhoods of low compared to high socioeconomic status. There are several possible explanations for these findings, including the influence of the PE policy on the PA patterns of adolescent subpopulations that tend to be at higher risk for inactivity in both childhood and adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Hobin
- Public Health Ontario, 480 University Avenue, Suite 300, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1V2
- *Erin Hobin:
| | - Jannice So
- Public Health Ontario, 480 University Avenue, Suite 300, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1V2
| | - Laura Rosella
- Public Health Ontario, 480 University Avenue, Suite 300, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1V2
| | - Melisa Comte
- Manitoba Institute of Child Health, 513-715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3E 3P4
| | - Steve Manske
- Propel Centre for Population Health Impact, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Jonathan McGavock
- Manitoba Institute of Child Health, 513-715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3E 3P4
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Pitel L, Madarasová Gecková A, Reijneveld SA, van Dijk JP. Socioeconomic differences in adolescent health-related behavior differ by gender. J Epidemiol 2013; 23:211-8. [PMID: 23604059 PMCID: PMC3700252 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20120133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies of adolescent health-related behaviors have assessed the effects of gender and parental socioeconomic position (SEP) but not their mutual modification. We investigated socioeconomic differences in health-related behaviors among Slovak adolescents and the potential modification of those differences by gender. METHODS Data were collected in 2006 (n = 3547; 49.4% boys; mean [SD] age, 14.3 [0.6] years; response rate, 93.5%). The sample comprised students in the eighth and ninth grades of randomly selected elementary schools in Slovakia. Gender-specific prevalence rates for 9 types of health-related behaviors, including nutritional behavior, physical activity and substance use, were calculated for 3 socioeconomic groups, which were defined by the highest educational level attained by both parents. Gender differences in socioeconomic gradients for health-related behaviors were tested. RESULTS Socioeconomic differences were found in nutritional behavior, physical activity, and smoking. Adolescents with lower parental education behaved less healthily. The largest relative socioeconomic difference was no daily vegetable consumption among girls (90.3% of those with high SEP vs 95.2% of those with middle SEP; odds ratio, 2.33). Regarding no daily fruit consumption, differences among girls were 1.51 times and 1.92 times as large as those among boys for children with medium and low SEP, respectively, as compared with those with high SEP. CONCLUSIONS Socioeconomic differences in health-related behavior were small, especially for nutritional behavior and physical activity. Interventions that aim to improve health-related behaviors among adolescents with lower SEP should focus on these 2 behaviors, particularly on healthy nutrition in girls with low SEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Pitel
- Institute of Experimental Psychology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 81364 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Andersen JH, Labriola M, Lund T, Hansen CD. Development of health and depressive symptoms among Danish adolescents—Socioeconomic differences and effects of life-style. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ojpm.2013.31013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Salameh P, Jomaa L, Issa C, Farhat G, Zeghondi H, Gerges N, Sabbagh M, Chaaya M, Barbour B, Waked M, Salamé J, Saadallah-Zeidan N, Baldi I. Assessment of health risk behaviours among university students: a cross-sectional study in Lebanon. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE AND YOUTH 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/02673843.2012.733313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Differential impact of a Dutch alcohol prevention program targeting adolescents and parents separately and simultaneously: low self-control and lenient parenting at baseline predict effectiveness. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2012; 13:278-87. [PMID: 22298017 PMCID: PMC3353106 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-011-0267-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
To test whether baseline levels of the factors accountable for the impact of the Prevention of Alcohol use in Students (PAS) intervention (self-control, perceived rules about alcohol and parental attitudes about alcohol), moderate the effect of the intervention. A cluster randomized trial including 3,490 Dutch early adolescents (M age=12.66, SD=.49) and their parents randomized over four conditions: 1) parent intervention, 2) student intervention, 3) combined intervention and 4) control group. Moderators at baseline were used to examine the differential effects of the interventions on onset of (heavy) weekly drinking at 34-month follow-up. The combined intervention was only effective in preventing weekly drinking among those adolescents who reported to have lower self-control and more lenient parents at baseline. No differential effect was found for the onset of heavy weekly drinking. No moderating roles of self-control and lenient parenting were found for the separate student and parent interventions regarding the onset of drinking. The combined intervention is more effective among adolescents with low-self control and lenient parents at baseline, both factors that were a specific target of the intervention. The relevance of targeting self-control in adolescents and restrictive parenting is underlined.
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Identifying the sociodemographic determinants of subjective health complaints in a cross-sectional study of Greek adolescents. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2012; 11:17. [PMID: 22748205 PMCID: PMC3441215 DOI: 10.1186/1744-859x-11-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experience of common health symptoms without a clear physical or psychological cause, such as headache or dizziness, is often reported in adolescence. The present study attempted to investigate associations of self-reported subjective health complaints (SHC) with a number of sociodemographic factors of Greek adolescents. METHODS Questionnaires were administered to a Greek nationwide random school-based sample of adolescents aged 12 to 18 years and their parents in 2003. Data from 922 adolescent-parent pairs were analyzed (response rate = 63%). Adolescents' reported subjective health complaints were assessed for their association with a number of sociodemographic factors: age, sex, type of area of residence according to level of urbanization, immigration background, parental education and employment status, family socioeconomic status and perceived quality of financial resources (PQFR). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess the association of the aforementioned factors with subjective health complaints as the dependent variable. RESULTS Most sociodemographic variables, apart from area of residence and immigration background, were independently associated with subjective health complaints in the univariate analyses. The multiple linear regression analysis, however, limited the factors that could predict adolescents' subjective health complaints to four (age, sex, Family Affluence Scale score and perceived quality of financial resources). Some considerations regarding parental employment status and immigration background are highlighted. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the sociodemographic components of subjective health complaints in the Greek adolescent population. The need to include adolescent-specific measures when collecting information on adolescents' social background is underlined. Identifying vulnerable adolescent populations could lead to effective health promoting and preventive interventions.
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Kautzky-Willer A, Dorner T, Jensby A, Rieder A. Women show a closer association between educational level and hypertension or diabetes mellitus than males: a secondary analysis from the Austrian HIS. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:392. [PMID: 22646095 PMCID: PMC3407471 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lifestyle diseases and cardiovascular complications are dramatically increasing, but little is known about the impact of educational level and health behaviour in men and women in different populations. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between educational level (EL) and self-reported chronic diseases and health behaviour in both sexes. Methods Data were derived from the Austrian Health Interview Surveys 2006/2007, which includes 13 558 persons (50.9% females). The associations between EL and the risk of obesity, hypertension, diabetes, myocardial infarction, stroke and anxiety disorders or depression, nutrition, exercise, and smoking were evaluated. University education served as the reference category (EL4), the lowest educational level was required schooling only (EL0). Results Only among women did the risk for diabetes mellitus and hypertension increase with decreasing educational level with the highest rates for EL0 OR [95% CI] adjusted for age, income, family status and lifestyle: 3.7 [1.7-8.0], and 2.5 [1.8-3.5], respectively. Only among the men, however, did the risk for stroke increase with decreasing educational level adjusted OR for EL0: 8.5 [1.7-42.7]. For anthropometric measures and lifestyle factors in both sexes the risk increased with decreasing EL. Conclusion EL affects lifestyle, overweight and obesity in both sexes. The apparent sex-specific differences in the association between the prevalence of some chronic disease with EL call for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Kautzky-Willer
- Gender Medicine Unit, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Pitel L, Geckova AM, vanDijk JP, Reijneveld SA. Degree of urbanization and gender differences in substance use among Slovak adolescents. Int J Public Health 2011; 56:645-51. [PMID: 21120576 PMCID: PMC3220823 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-010-0219-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Substance use among adolescents varies with gender and between countries. Urbanization may contribute to this. The aim of our study is to explore the association between the degree of urbanization and gender differences in adolescent smoking, binge drinking, and cannabis use. METHODS A cross-sectional questionnaire survey of Slovak adolescents was used (N = 3,493; mean age = 14.33), stratified by degree of urbanization. The effects of gender and urbanization of the area and their interaction on substance use (smoking, binge drinking, and cannabis) were analyzed using a logistic regression model adjusted for age. RESULTS Gender and area and their interaction had statistically significant (p < 0.01) associations with substance use. The lower the urbanization of the area, the less riskily females behaved. An exception was found in the case of binge drinking where the results of the interaction of gender and degree of urbanization were not significant for the second least urbanized area. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence rate of substance use among girls increased along with an increasing degree of urbanization, while the prevalence rate of substance use among boys remained constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Pitel
- Medical Faculty, Kosice Institute for Society and Health, Graduate School and Health Psychology Unit, Public Health Institute, PJ Safarik University Kosice, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Madarasova Geckova
- Medical Faculty, Kosice Institute for Society and Health, Graduate School and Health Psychology Unit, Public Health Institute, PJ Safarik University Kosice, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Jitse P. vanDijk
- Medical Faculty, Kosice Institute for Society and Health, Graduate School and Health Psychology Unit, Public Health Institute, PJ Safarik University Kosice, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia
- Department of Social Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sijmen A. Reijneveld
- Department of Social Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Salonna F, Geckova AM, Zezula I, Sleskova M, Groothoff JW, Reijneveld SA, van Dijk JP. Does social support mediate or moderate socioeconomic differences in self-rated health among adolescents? Int J Public Health 2011; 57:609-17. [PMID: 21912942 PMCID: PMC3359452 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-011-0300-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Revised: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Social support is assumed to be a protective social determinant of health. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore whether social support from the father, mother and friends mediates or moderates the association between socioeconomic position and self-rated health among adolescents. METHODS The sample consisted of 1,863 secondary school students from the Kosice region in Slovakia (mean age 16.85; 53.3% females, response rate 98.9%). We assessed the mediation and moderation effects of social support from the mother, father and friends on the relation between socioeconomic position and self-rated health, performing binary logistic regression models. Socioeconomic position was measured by parents' education, the family affluence scale and financial strain. RESULTS Social support from the father mediated the association between family affluence and self-rated health among both males and females and the association between financial strain and self-rated health among males only. No moderating effect of social support on socioeconomic differences in self-rated health was found. CONCLUSION Father involvement seems to have the potential to mediate socioeconomic differences in health during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand Salonna
- Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia.
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Pitel L, Geckova AM, van Dijk JP, Reijneveld SA. Gender differences in adolescent health-related behaviour diminished between 1998 and 2006. Public Health 2010; 124:512-8. [PMID: 20723949 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2010.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2009] [Revised: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 05/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Male teenagers used to smoke more than females, but this male:female ratio has reversed in several European countries over recent decades. The aim of this study was to assess whether a similar shift in gender differences in smoking and other health-related behaviours has occurred in Slovak adolescents over the last decade. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Data were collected in 1998 (n=2616, 52.4% male, mean age 14.9±0.6 years, response rate 96.3%) and 2006 (n=1081, 47.0% male, mean age 14.3±0.6 years, response rate 93.0%). Changes in gender-specific prevalence rates for smoking, alcohol consumption and lack of physical activity were assessed for both cohorts overall and by socio-economic group using the highest educational level of the parents. RESULTS Statistically significant changes occurred in the male:female ratios for smoking and lack of physical activity but not for alcohol consumption. The prevalence of smoking in males dropped below that in females, and the physical activity of females increased substantially. However, changes in gender ratios varied strongly by socio-economic group. The greatest shift in the gender ratio for smoking occurred in the middle socio-economic group, showing an increase in the entire sample. Changes in gender ratios over time among adolescents from the highest socio-economic group were much smaller. CONCLUSIONS The behaviour of Slovak female adolescents has become similar to that of their male peers in terms of smoking and physical activity. This shift in the gender ratio in Slovakia over the last decade mimics the shift in Western Europe from approximately two decades ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pitel
- Kosice Institute for Society and Health - Graduate School & Health Psychology Unit, Public Health Institute, Medical Faculty, PJ Safarik University Kosice, Trieda SNP, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia.
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Indirect health-related selection or social causation? Interpreting the educational differences in adolescent health behaviours. SOCIAL THEORY & HEALTH 2010. [DOI: 10.1057/sth.2009.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Pérez Milena A, Redondo Olmedilla M, Mesa Gallardo I, Jiménez Pulido I, Martínez Fernández ML, Pérez Milena R. [Motivations for alcohol use among adolescents in an urban high school]. Aten Primaria 2010; 42:604-11. [PMID: 20334956 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2009.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Revised: 12/11/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To find out the motivation (attitudes, beliefs and experiences) behind adolescent alcohol consumption. DESIGN Qualitative methodology, explanatory method, using conversational techniques (discussion group with 6-8 adolescents/group, 50min duration) recorded by videotape during the school year 2008/09. PARTICIPANTS AND CONTEXT Adolescents 12-18 years-old of a middle-class urban school (Jaen-Spain). Purposive sampling stratified by level of education; heterogeneity criteria: sex and alcohol consumption. METHOD Process of content analysis: coding, triangulation of categories and obtain/verify results. RESULTS Six group interviews, including 44 teenagers (54% males). The rate of consumption varies with age, and there are gender differences in motivations. Alcohol is related to social and leisure activities from early family experiences, and the nightlife on entering school and as peer relationships increase. The preferred social models are university students, with excessive consumption at the weekend that is understood as an act of independence. Rejection of authority figures (teachers/health), critical attitude to the received information (content only, without motivational elements) and failure in education on this topic. There is high accessibility for the purchase of alcohol, a sense of controlled consumption and a tendency to understand acute poisoning as part of leisure. The adolescents related alcohol consumption, tobacco and drug use (except for minor discrepancies). CONCLUSIONS The intervention on alcohol consumption of adolescents should incorporate their motivation to achieve greater efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Pérez Milena
- Centro de Salud El Valle, Jaén, España Grupo de Estudio del Adolescente (SAMFYC), Spain.
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Schnohr CW, Kreiner S, Rasmussen M, Due P, Diderichsen F. School-related mediators in social inequalities in smoking: a comparative cross-sectional study of 20,399 adolescents. Int J Equity Health 2009; 8:17. [PMID: 19442262 PMCID: PMC2690589 DOI: 10.1186/1475-9276-8-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to examine the associations between social inequalities and daily smoking among 13 and 15 year olds, and to determine the role of students' academic achievement and school satisfaction in these associations. Methods HBSC is an international study including adolescents from 32 countries in Europe, Israel, and North America. The present study was based on information from 20,399 adolescents from Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland and the United Kingdom. Data were analysed by regression models. Results The initial analyses showed significant inequality in daily smoking in all countries except for Sweden. When adjusted for the mediating role of academic achievement, estimates were attenuated, but remained significant in three countries. Conclusion The study found social inequality in daily smoking in Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland and United Kingdom, as well as inequalities in students' academic achievement and school satisfaction. The analyses also showed that above average academic achievement was associated with lower OR of smoking. Teachers and politicians may find this information useful, and allocate resources to give higher priority to a supportive environment in schools especially for children and adolescents in lower social groups. Subsequently this prioritisation might contribute to reducing smoking in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina W Schnohr
- Department of Social Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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