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Aguado ME, Izquierdo M, González-Matos M, Varela AC, Méndez Y, Del Rivero MA, Rivera DG, González-Bacerio J. Parasite Metalo-aminopeptidases as Targets in Human Infectious Diseases. Curr Drug Targets 2023; 24:416-461. [PMID: 36825701 DOI: 10.2174/1389450124666230224140724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parasitic human infectious diseases are a worldwide health problem due to the increased resistance to conventional drugs. For this reason, the identification of novel molecular targets and the discovery of new chemotherapeutic agents are urgently required. Metalo- aminopeptidases are promising targets in parasitic infections. They participate in crucial processes for parasite growth and pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE In this review, we describe the structural, functional and kinetic properties, and inhibitors, of several parasite metalo-aminopeptidases, for their use as targets in parasitic diseases. CONCLUSION Plasmodium falciparum M1 and M17 aminopeptidases are essential enzymes for parasite development, and M18 aminopeptidase could be involved in hemoglobin digestion and erythrocyte invasion and egression. Trypanosoma cruzi, T. brucei and Leishmania major acidic M17 aminopeptidases can play a nutritional role. T. brucei basic M17 aminopeptidase down-regulation delays the cytokinesis. The inhibition of Leishmania basic M17 aminopeptidase could affect parasite viability. L. donovani methionyl aminopeptidase inhibition prevents apoptosis but not the parasite death. Decrease in Acanthamoeba castellanii M17 aminopeptidase activity produces cell wall structural modifications and encystation inhibition. Inhibition of Babesia bovis growth is probably related to the inhibition of the parasite M17 aminopeptidase, probably involved in host hemoglobin degradation. Schistosoma mansoni M17 aminopeptidases inhibition may affect parasite development, since they could participate in hemoglobin degradation, surface membrane remodeling and eggs hatching. Toxoplasma gondii M17 aminopeptidase inhibition could attenuate parasite virulence, since it is apparently involved in the hydrolysis of cathepsin Cs- or proteasome-produced dipeptides and/or cell attachment/invasion processes. These data are relevant to validate these enzymes as targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirtha E Aguado
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Calle 25 #455 Entre I y J, 10400, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Maikel Izquierdo
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Calle 25 #455 Entre I y J, 10400, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Maikel González-Matos
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Calle 25 #455 Entre I y J, 10400, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Ana C Varela
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Calle 25 #455 Entre I y J, 10400, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Yanira Méndez
- Center for Natural Products Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata y G, 10400, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Maday A Del Rivero
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Calle 25 #455 Entre I y J, 10400, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Daniel G Rivera
- Center for Natural Products Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata y G, 10400, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Jorge González-Bacerio
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Calle 25 #455 Entre I y J, 10400, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, calle 25 #455 entre I y J, 10400, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba
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Chen AY, Adamek RN, Dick BL, Credille CV, Morrison CN, Cohen SM. Targeting Metalloenzymes for Therapeutic Intervention. Chem Rev 2019; 119:1323-1455. [PMID: 30192523 PMCID: PMC6405328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metalloenzymes are central to a wide range of essential biological activities, including nucleic acid modification, protein degradation, and many others. The role of metalloenzymes in these processes also makes them central for the progression of many diseases and, as such, makes metalloenzymes attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. Increasing awareness of the role metalloenzymes play in disease and their importance as a class of targets has amplified interest in the development of new strategies to develop inhibitors and ultimately useful drugs. In this Review, we provide a broad overview of several drug discovery efforts focused on metalloenzymes and attempt to map out the current landscape of high-value metalloenzyme targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allie Y Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Rebecca N Adamek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Benjamin L Dick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Cy V Credille
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Christine N Morrison
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Seth M Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
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Bhat SY, Dey A, Qureshi IA. Structural and functional highlights of methionine aminopeptidase 2 from Leishmania donovani. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 115:940-954. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Helgren TR, Seven ES, Chen C, Edwards TE, Staker BL, Abendroth J, Myler PJ, Horn JR, Hagen TJ. The identification of inhibitory compounds of Rickettsia prowazekii methionine aminopeptidase for antibacterial applications. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:1376-1380. [PMID: 29551481 PMCID: PMC5908248 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP) is a dinuclear metalloprotease responsible for the cleavage of methionine initiator residues from nascent proteins. MetAP activity is necessary for bacterial proliferation and is therefore a projected novel antibacterial target. A compound library consisting of 294 members containing metal-binding functional groups was screened against Rickettsia prowazekii MetAP to determine potential inhibitory motifs. The compounds were first screened against the target at a concentration of 10 µM and potential hits were determined to be those exhibiting greater than 50% inhibition of enzymatic activity. These hit compounds were then rescreened against the target in 8-point dose-response curves and 11 compounds were found to inhibit enzymatic activity with IC50 values of less than 10 µM. Finally, compounds (1-5) were docked against RpMetAP with AutoDock to determine potential binding mechanisms and the results were compared with crystal structures deposited within the PDB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis R Helgren
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, 1425 W. Lincoln Hwy, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Elif S Seven
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, 1425 W. Lincoln Hwy, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Congling Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, 1425 W. Lincoln Hwy, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Thomas E Edwards
- Beryllium Discovery Corp., 7869 NE Day Road West, Bainbridge Island, WA 98110, USA; Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bart L Staker
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA, USA; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Formerly Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, 307 Westlake Avenue N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jan Abendroth
- Beryllium Discovery Corp., 7869 NE Day Road West, Bainbridge Island, WA 98110, USA; Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter J Myler
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA, USA; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Formerly Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, 307 Westlake Avenue N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - James R Horn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, 1425 W. Lincoln Hwy, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Timothy J Hagen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, 1425 W. Lincoln Hwy, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA.
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Helgren TR, Chen C, Wangtrakuldee P, Edwards TE, Staker BL, Abendroth J, Sankaran B, Housley NA, Myler PJ, Audia JP, Horn JR, Hagen TJ. Rickettsia prowazekii methionine aminopeptidase as a promising target for the development of antibacterial agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:813-824. [PMID: 28089350 PMCID: PMC5319851 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP) is a class of ubiquitous enzymes essential for the survival of numerous bacterial species. These enzymes are responsible for the cleavage of N-terminal formyl-methionine initiators from nascent proteins to initiate post-translational modifications that are often essential to proper protein function. Thus, inhibition of MetAP activity has been implicated as a novel antibacterial target. We tested this idea in the present study by targeting the MetAP enzyme in the obligate intracellular pathogen Rickettsia prowazekii. We first identified potent RpMetAP inhibitory species by employing an in vitro enzymatic activity assay. The molecular docking program AutoDock was then utilized to compare published crystal structures of inhibited MetAP species to docked poses of RpMetAP. Based on these in silico and in vitro screens, a subset of 17 compounds was tested for inhibition of R. prowazekii growth in a pulmonary vascular endothelial cell (EC) culture infection model system. All compounds were tested over concentration ranges that were determined to be non-toxic to the ECs and 8 of the 17 compounds displayed substantial inhibition of R. prowazekii growth. These data highlight the therapeutic potential for inhibiting RpMetAP as a novel antimicrobial strategy and set the stage for future studies in pre-clinical animal models of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis R Helgren
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, 1425 W. Lincoln Hwy, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Congling Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, 1425 W. Lincoln Hwy, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Phumvadee Wangtrakuldee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, 1425 W. Lincoln Hwy, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Thomas E Edwards
- Beryllium Discovery Corp., 7869 NE Day Road West, Bainbridge Island, WA 98110, USA; Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bart L Staker
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Formerly Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, 307 Westlake Avenue N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jan Abendroth
- Beryllium Discovery Corp., 7869 NE Day Road West, Bainbridge Island, WA 98110, USA; Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Banumathi Sankaran
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Berkeley Center for Structural Biology, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Nicole A Housley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and The Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, 307 North University Blvd, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Peter J Myler
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Formerly Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, 307 Westlake Avenue N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Global Health and Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jonathon P Audia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and The Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, 307 North University Blvd, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - James R Horn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, 1425 W. Lincoln Hwy, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Timothy J Hagen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, 1425 W. Lincoln Hwy, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA.
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