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Helgren TR, Seven ES, Chen C, Edwards TE, Staker BL, Abendroth J, Myler PJ, Horn JR, Hagen TJ. The identification of inhibitory compounds of Rickettsia prowazekii methionine aminopeptidase for antibacterial applications. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:1376-1380. [PMID: 29551481 PMCID: PMC5908248 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP) is a dinuclear metalloprotease responsible for the cleavage of methionine initiator residues from nascent proteins. MetAP activity is necessary for bacterial proliferation and is therefore a projected novel antibacterial target. A compound library consisting of 294 members containing metal-binding functional groups was screened against Rickettsia prowazekii MetAP to determine potential inhibitory motifs. The compounds were first screened against the target at a concentration of 10 µM and potential hits were determined to be those exhibiting greater than 50% inhibition of enzymatic activity. These hit compounds were then rescreened against the target in 8-point dose-response curves and 11 compounds were found to inhibit enzymatic activity with IC50 values of less than 10 µM. Finally, compounds (1-5) were docked against RpMetAP with AutoDock to determine potential binding mechanisms and the results were compared with crystal structures deposited within the PDB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis R Helgren
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, 1425 W. Lincoln Hwy, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Elif S Seven
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, 1425 W. Lincoln Hwy, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Congling Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, 1425 W. Lincoln Hwy, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Thomas E Edwards
- Beryllium Discovery Corp., 7869 NE Day Road West, Bainbridge Island, WA 98110, USA; Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bart L Staker
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA, USA; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Formerly Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, 307 Westlake Avenue N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jan Abendroth
- Beryllium Discovery Corp., 7869 NE Day Road West, Bainbridge Island, WA 98110, USA; Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter J Myler
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA, USA; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Formerly Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, 307 Westlake Avenue N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - James R Horn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, 1425 W. Lincoln Hwy, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Timothy J Hagen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, 1425 W. Lincoln Hwy, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA.
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Helgren TR, Xu LL, Sotelo D, Mehta YR, Korkmaz MA, Pavlinov I, Aldrich LN. Microwave‐Assisted, Asymmetric Synthesis of 3‐Amino‐2,3‐Dihydrobenzofuran Flavonoid Derivatives from Chalcones. Chemistry 2018; 24:4509-4514. [PMID: 29446184 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Travis R. Helgren
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois at Chicago 845 West Taylor Street Chicago IL 60607 USA
| | - Lianyan L. Xu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois at Chicago 845 West Taylor Street Chicago IL 60607 USA
| | - Daniel Sotelo
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois at Chicago 845 West Taylor Street Chicago IL 60607 USA
| | - Yash R. Mehta
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois at Chicago 845 West Taylor Street Chicago IL 60607 USA
| | - Melissa A. Korkmaz
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois at Chicago 845 West Taylor Street Chicago IL 60607 USA
| | - Ivan Pavlinov
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois at Chicago 845 West Taylor Street Chicago IL 60607 USA
| | - Leslie N. Aldrich
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois at Chicago 845 West Taylor Street Chicago IL 60607 USA
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Abstract
Drug design and discovery remains a popular topic of study to many students interested in visible, real-world applications of the chemical sciences. It is important that laboratory experiments detailing the early stages of drug discovery incorporate both compound design and an exploration of ligand/receptor interactions. Molecular modeling is widely employed in research endeavors seeking to predict the activity of potential compounds prior to synthesis and can therefore be used to illustrate these concepts. The following activity therefore details the use of AutoDock to predict the binding affinity and docked pose of a series of CDK2 inhibitors. Students can then compare their docking output to experimentally determined inhibitory activities and crystal structures. Finally, the AutoDock workflow detailed in this activity can be used in research settings, provided the receptor crystal structure is known.
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Helgren TR, Chen C, Wangtrakuldee P, Edwards TE, Staker BL, Abendroth J, Sankaran B, Housley NA, Myler PJ, Audia JP, Horn JR, Hagen TJ. Rickettsia prowazekii methionine aminopeptidase as a promising target for the development of antibacterial agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 25:813-824. [PMID: 28089350 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP) is a class of ubiquitous enzymes essential for the survival of numerous bacterial species. These enzymes are responsible for the cleavage of N-terminal formyl-methionine initiators from nascent proteins to initiate post-translational modifications that are often essential to proper protein function. Thus, inhibition of MetAP activity has been implicated as a novel antibacterial target. We tested this idea in the present study by targeting the MetAP enzyme in the obligate intracellular pathogen Rickettsia prowazekii. We first identified potent RpMetAP inhibitory species by employing an in vitro enzymatic activity assay. The molecular docking program AutoDock was then utilized to compare published crystal structures of inhibited MetAP species to docked poses of RpMetAP. Based on these in silico and in vitro screens, a subset of 17 compounds was tested for inhibition of R. prowazekii growth in a pulmonary vascular endothelial cell (EC) culture infection model system. All compounds were tested over concentration ranges that were determined to be non-toxic to the ECs and 8 of the 17 compounds displayed substantial inhibition of R. prowazekii growth. These data highlight the therapeutic potential for inhibiting RpMetAP as a novel antimicrobial strategy and set the stage for future studies in pre-clinical animal models of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis R Helgren
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, 1425 W. Lincoln Hwy, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Congling Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, 1425 W. Lincoln Hwy, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Phumvadee Wangtrakuldee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, 1425 W. Lincoln Hwy, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Thomas E Edwards
- Beryllium Discovery Corp., 7869 NE Day Road West, Bainbridge Island, WA 98110, USA; Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bart L Staker
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Formerly Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, 307 Westlake Avenue N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jan Abendroth
- Beryllium Discovery Corp., 7869 NE Day Road West, Bainbridge Island, WA 98110, USA; Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Banumathi Sankaran
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Berkeley Center for Structural Biology, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Nicole A Housley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and The Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, 307 North University Blvd, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Peter J Myler
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Formerly Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, 307 Westlake Avenue N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Global Health and Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jonathon P Audia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and The Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, 307 North University Blvd, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - James R Horn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, 1425 W. Lincoln Hwy, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Timothy J Hagen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, 1425 W. Lincoln Hwy, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA.
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R. Helgren T, Wangtrakuldee P, L. Staker B, J. Hagen T. Advances in Bacterial Methionine Aminopeptidase Inhibition. Curr Top Med Chem 2015; 16:397-414. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026615666150813145410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Helgren TR, Sciotti RJ, Lee P, Duffy S, Avery VM, Igbinoba O, Akoto M, Hagen TJ. The synthesis, antimalarial activity and CoMFA analysis of novel aminoalkylated quercetin analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 25:327-32. [PMID: 25488841 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel aminoalkylated quercetin analogs, prepared via the Mannich reaction of various primary and secondary amines with formaldehyde, were tested for antimalarial activity. The compounds were screened against three drug resistant malarial strains (D6, C235 and W2) and were found to exhibit sub-micromolar activity across all three strains (0.065-13.0μM). The structure-activity relationship determined from the antimalarial activity data suggests the inclusion of phenethyl amine sidechains on the quercetin scaffolding is necessary for potent activity. Additionally, the most active compounds ((5) and (6)) were tested for both early and late stage anti-gametocytocidal activity. Finally, the antimalarial activity data were utilized to construct comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) models to be used for further compound refinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis R Helgren
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, 300 Normal Road, Dekalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Richard J Sciotti
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 2460 Linden Lane, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Patricia Lee
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 2460 Linden Lane, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Sandra Duffy
- Discovery Biology, Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Vicky M Avery
- Discovery Biology, Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Osayawemwen Igbinoba
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, 300 Normal Road, Dekalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Matthew Akoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, 300 Normal Road, Dekalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Timothy J Hagen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, 300 Normal Road, Dekalb, IL 60115, USA
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Wheeler KA, Helgren TR, Clayton TW. The bimolecular structure of aquahexa-μ-chlorido-μ4-oxido-tris(tetrahydrofuran-κO)tetracopper(II)–hexa-μ-chlorido-μ4-oxido-tetrakis(tetrahydrofuran-κO)tetracopper(II)–tetrahydrofuran (2/1/4). Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2014; 70:306-11. [DOI: 10.1107/s205322961400374x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The title bimolecular structure, [Cu4Cl6O(C4H8O)3(H2O)]2[Cu4Cl6O(C4H8O)4]·4C4H8O, at 100 K has monoclinic (P21/c) symmetry. The structure contains nine symmetry-independent molecules expressed in simplest molecular form as 6[Cu4Cl6O(C4H8O)3(H2O)·2(C4H8O)]:3Cu4Cl6O(C4H8O)4. The compound exhibits a supercell (smaller than the unit cell based on weak reflections) structure due to pseudotranslational symmetry. The structure displays O—H...O hydrogen bonding between bound water ligands and tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent molecules. The structure exhibits disorder for 12 of the THF molecules, of which seven are ligated to Cu and five are hydrogen bonded to H2O ligands.
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