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Aishwarya R, Priyanka J, Pavan B, Bhairavi K, Deepika M. Evaluating and Comparing the Effectiveness of Nano-HA and HA + β-TCP with A-PRF Clinically and Radiographically in the Treatment of Human Infrabony Defects. J Contemp Dent Pract 2023; 24:500-506. [PMID: 37622630 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (NcHA) with advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF) and hydroxyapatite-reinforced beta tricalcium phosphate (HA + β-TCP) with A-PRF in the treatment of human infrabony defects clinically and radiographically using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS There were a total of 28 defects, with 14 defects in the test and control groups, respectively. There were total 28 patients were involved in the study. The test group (group A) was treated with NHA and A-PRF, while the control group (group B) was treated with HA + β-TCP and A-PRF. Bone defect fill was the primary result of the investigation. Periodontal pocket depth (PPD), R-CAL, papillary bleeding index (PBI), and PI were the secondary outcome. Clinical and radiographic measurements were recorded at baseline and 6 months postoperatively. RESULTS No significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of PPD reduction (4.64 ± 0.74 mm vs 4.07 ± 0.99 mm), clinical attachment loss (CAL) gain (4.64 ± 0.74 mm vs 3.92 ± 0.99 mm) and radiographic defect depth reduction (2.41 ± 0.32 mm vs 2.40 ± 0.27 mm) for test and control groups, respectively. CONCLUSION At 6-month post-surgery, both treatment modalities demonstrated statistically significant improvements with regard to CAL gains, PPD reduction, and reduction in radiographic defect depth. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The NcHA and HA + β-TCP with A-PRF is a novel material used in the treatment of infrabony defect for periodontal regeneration. The NcHA and HA + β-TCP with A-PRF need to consider biomaterials for bone defect fill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rathod Aishwarya
- Department of Periodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India, Phone: +91 9834240701, e-mail:
| | - Jaiswal Priyanka
- Department of Periodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bajaj Pavan
- Department of Periodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kale Bhairavi
- Department of Periodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Masurkar Deepika
- Department of Periodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
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Wu SC, Hsu HC, Wang HF, Liou SP, Ho WF. Synthesis and Characterization of Nano-Hydroxyapatite Obtained from Eggshell via the Hydrothermal Process and the Precipitation Method. Molecules 2023; 28:4926. [PMID: 37446589 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a major component of the inorganic minerals in the hard tissues of humans and has been widely used as a biomedical ceramic material in orthopedic and dentistry applications. Because human bone contains several impurities, including carbonates, chlorides, fluorides, magnesium, and strontium, human bone minerals differ from stoichiometric HA. Additionally, natural bone is composed of nano-sized HA, and the nanoscale particles exhibit a high level of biological activity. In this paper, HA is prepared via the hydrothermal process because its reaction conditions are easy to control and it has been shown to be quite feasible for large-scale production. Therefore, the hydrothermal process is an effective and convenient method for the preparation of HA. Furthermore, eggshell is adopted as a source of calcium, and mulberry leaf extract is selectively added to synthesize HA. The eggshell accounts for 11% of the total weight of a whole egg, and it consists of calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, magnesium carbonate, and organic matter. Eggshell contains a variety of trace elements, such as magnesium and strontium, making the composition of the synthesized HA similar to that of the human skeleton. These trace elements exert considerable benefits for bone growth. Moreover, the use of eggshell as a raw material can permit the recycling of biowaste and a reduction in process costs. The purpose of this study is to prepare HA powder via the hydrothermal method and to explore the effects of hydrothermal conditions on the structure and properties of the synthesized HA. The room-temperature precipitation method is used for the control group. Furthermore, the results of an immersion test in simulated body fluid confirm that the as-prepared HA exhibits good apatite-forming bioactivity, which is an essential requirement for artificial materials to bond to living bones in the living body and promote bone regeneration. In particular, it is confirmed that the HA synthesized with the addition of the mulberry leaf extract exhibits good in vitro biocompatibility. The morphology, crystallite size, and composition of the carbonated nano-HA obtained herein are similar to those of natural bones. The carbonated nano-HA appears to be an excellent material for bioresorbable bone substitutes or drug delivery. Therefore, the nano-HA powder prepared in this study has great potential in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ching Wu
- Department of Dental Technology and Materials Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung 40601, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Chuan Hsu
- Department of Dental Technology and Materials Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung 40601, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Fang Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Hungkuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ping Liou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Da-Yeh University, Changhua 515006, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Fu Ho
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan
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Ma Z, Guo X, Zhang J, Jiang Q, Liang W, Meng W, Chen S, Zhu Y, Ye C, Jia K. Evaluation of safety and efficacy of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell and gelatin-nano-hydroxyapatite combination in canine femoral defect repair. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1162407. [PMID: 37415965 PMCID: PMC10320857 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1162407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Femoral shaft fracture is a common bone trauma in dogs. The limitation of mesenchymal stem cells in bone defect applications is that the cell suspension cannot be fixed to the bone defect site. In the study, our objective was to substantiate the combined application of canine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (cBMSCs) and gelatin-nano-hydroxyapatite (Gel-nHAP) and evaluate its therapeutic effect on bone defect diseases in dogs. Experiments were performed to evaluate the following: (1) the porosity of Gel-nHAP; (2) the adhesion of cBMSCs to Gel-nHAP; and (3) the effect of Gel-nHAP on cBMSC proliferation. The efficacy and safety of the combination of cBMSC and Gel-nHAP in the repair of femoral shaft defects were evaluated in animal experiments. The results showed that Gel-nHAP supported the attachment of cBMSCs and exhibited good biocompatibility. In the animal bone defect repair experiment, significant cortical bone growth was observed in the Gel-nHAP group at week 8 (p < 0.05) and in the cBMSCs-Gel-nHAP group at week 4 (p < 0.01). We demonstrated that Gel-nHAP could promote the repair of bone defects, and the effect of cBMSC-Gel-nHAP on the repair of bone defects was profound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihang Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Polytechnic of Science and Trade, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qifeng Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuying Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuaijiang Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yufan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cundong Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, China
- College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Guangdong Agriculture Industry Business Polytechnic, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, China
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Souto-Lopes M, Grenho L, Manrique YA, Dias MM, Fernandes MH, Monteiro FJ, Salgado CL. Full physicochemical and biocompatibility characterization of a supercritical CO 2 sterilized nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan biodegradable scaffold for periodontal bone regeneration. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 146:213280. [PMID: 36682201 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite bone's innate self-renewal capability, some periodontal pathologic and traumatic defects' size inhibits full spontaneous regeneration. This current research characterized a 3D porous biodegradable nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan (nHAp/CS, 70/30) scaffold for periodontal bone regeneration, which preparation method includes the final solvent extraction and sterilization through supercritical CO2 (scCO2). Micro-CT analysis revealed the fully interconnected porous microstructure of the nHAp/CS scaffold (total porosity 78 %, medium pore size 200 μm) which is critical for bone regeneration. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed HAp crystals forming on the surface of the nHAp/CS scaffold after 21 days in simulated body fluid, demonstrating its bioactivity in vitro. The presence of nHAp in the scaffolds promoted a significantly lower biodegradation rate compared to a plain CS scaffold in PBS. Dynamic mechanical analysis confirmed their viscoelasticity, but the presence of nHAp significantly enhanced the storage modulus (42.34 ± 6.09 kPa at 10 Hz after 28 days in PBS), showing that it may support bone ingrowth at low-load bearing bone defects. Both scaffold types significantly inhibited the growth, attachment and colony formation abilities of S. aureus and E. coli, enhancing the relevance of chitosan in the grafts' composition for the naturally contaminated oral environment. At SEM and laser scanning confocal microscopy, MG63 cells showed normal morphology and could adhere and proliferate inside the biomaterials' porous structure, especially for the nHAp/CS scaffold, reaching higher proliferative rate at day 14. MG63 cells seeded within nHAp/CS scaffolds presented a higher expression of RUNX2, collagen A1 and Sp7 osteogenic genes compared to the CS samples. The in vivo subcutaneous implantation in mice of both scaffold types showed lower biodegradability with the preservation of the scaffolds porous structure that allowed the ingrowth of connective tissue until 5 weeks. Histology shows an intensive and progressive ingrowth of new vessels and collagen between the 3rd and the 5th week, especially for the nHAp/CS scaffold. So far, the scCO2 method enabled the production of a cost-effective and environment-friendly ready-to-use nHAp/CS scaffold with microstructural, chemical, mechanical and biocompatibility features that make it a suitable bone graft alternative for defect sites in an adverse environment as in periodontitis and peri-implantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Souto-Lopes
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Liliana Grenho
- Faculty of Dental Medicine of the University of Porto, R. Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal; LAQV/REQUIMTE - Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde/Rede de Química e Tecnologia, Portugal
| | - Yaidelin Alves Manrique
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Madalena Maria Dias
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Helena Fernandes
- Faculty of Dental Medicine of the University of Porto, R. Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal; LAQV/REQUIMTE - Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde/Rede de Química e Tecnologia, Portugal
| | - Fernando Jorge Monteiro
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Christiane Laranjo Salgado
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Darwich K, Saima R. Radiological Comparative Study Between Conventional and Nano Hydroxyapatite With Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF) Membranes for Their Effects on Alveolar Bone Density. Cureus 2022; 14:e32381. [PMID: 36632245 PMCID: PMC9829013 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The entry of the concept of nanotechnologies into the field of biomaterials has improved the results of their use in regenerative therapies based on the principles of tissue engineering, due to its improvement of the physical properties of materials manufactured in this way, so it has become possible to produce particles of hydroxyapatite in nano sizes. AIM OF THE STUDY This study will evaluate the efficacy of applying nanohydroxyapatite paste and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) as a barrier membrane in comparison with traditional hydroxyapatite (a powder consisting of macro-sized particles) and PRF as a barrier membrane in symmetrically extracted alveoli of the mandible. MATERIALS AND METHODS The research sample consisted of 40 lower alveoli (symmetrical) of the extracted teeth. The study samples were divided randomly into two groups. Group 1: A paste of nanohydroxyapatite with PRF as a barrier membrane was applied to one side of the extraction. Group 2: Hydroxyapatite powder with PRF as a barrier membrane was applied to the alveolus from the opposite side of Group 1 (the opposite side of the extraction). Three radiographs were performed by cone beam conventional tomography (CBCT) in three consecutive periods to conduct the radiological study (T0: immediately after extraction and grafting, T1: after three months, T2: after six months). RESULTS The mean of the radiographic bone density of the hydroxyapatite powder group at time T0 is 824.36 HU with a standard deviation of ±277.29 HU, and at time T1 is 1119.93 HU with a standard deviation of ±306.93 HU, and at time T2 is 1074.14 HU with a standard deviation of ±223.62 HU, with statistically significant differences when comparing the amount of change in radiographic bone density at time T0 and T1 with P < 0.05, and at time T0 and T2 with P < 0.05, but there were no significant differences when comparing the amount of change in radiographic bone density in T1 and T2 times with P > 0.05. The mean radiographic bone density of the nanohydroxyapatite paste group at time T0 is 629.88 HU with a standard deviation of ±193.64 HU, and at time T1 is 960.67 HU with a standard deviation of ±256.88 HU, and at time T2 is 743.87 HU with a standard deviation of ±180.96 HU, and in the time T0 and T1 with P < 0.05, and in the time T0 and T2 with P < 0.05, and in the time T1 and T2 with P < 0.05. Statistically, significant differences have been found between bone density change T1, T2 in the nanohydroxyapatite paste group and bone density change T1, T2 in the hydroxyapatite powder group P<0.05, which expresses a greater loss of density in the nanohydroxyapatite group, and thus the resorption of the bone graft and the placement of new bone tissue. CONCLUSION Within the limits of our study, the results demonstrated that the use of traditional hydroxyapatite powder and nanohydroxyapatite paste increases the radiographic bone density, nanohydroxyapatite paste has a greater absorbency after 3 months compared with traditional hydroxyapatite powder which helps replace it by natural bone tissue.
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Elkholly A, Negm M, Hassan R, Omar N. Healing Assessment of Osseous Defects after Surgical Removal of Periapical Lesions in the Presence of Hydroxyapatite, Nanohydroxyapatite, and a Combination of Nanohydroxyapatite and Platelet-rich Fibrin: A Clinical Study. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.10766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract:
Aim: to evaluate the bone healing in failed endodontically treated teeth after surgical removal of periapical lesions and placement of hydroxyapatite (HA), nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) and a combination of nanohydroxyapatite with platelet rich fibrin (PRF) periapically. Subjects and methods: the study was conducted on twenty-four patients having periapical radiolucency in single rooted teeth. The selected teeth were divided into three groups: Group A, Group B, and Group C; of 8 teeth each. All the teeth were retreated in two visits. In the first visit the old filling was removed using Protaper retreatment files (Dentsply Sirona®) then irrigation with sodium hypochlorite 2.5% was done. All canals were dried and filled with Di-antibiotic paste (metronidazole and ciprofloxacin). In the second visit the canals were obturated with Pro Taper gutta-percha points and root canal sealer (Adseal resin sealer) followed by surgical intervention in the same day. A periapical curettage along with apicoectomy were established. In all the groups, root end cavity was prepared and filled with MTA (ProRoot MTA; DENTSPLY Tulsa Dental Specialties). In Group A, hydroxyapatite powder was packed in the curetted periapical defect. In Group B, nanohydroxyapatite powder was packed in the curetted periapical defect. In Group C, nanohydroxyapatite with PRF were mixed and packed in the curetted periapical defect. In all groups, patients recall visits were scheduled at 1, 3, and 6 months’ time intervals for clinical and radiological evaluation. Results: after one month; there was a statistically significant difference between the median percentage changes in lesions size in the three groups. Pair-wise comparisons between groups revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between group B (nHA) and group C (PRF and nHA) groups. Both showed statistically significantly higher median percentage reduction in lesions size than group A (HA group). After three as well as six months; there was no statistically significant difference between the median percentage decreases in lesions size in the three groups. Conclusion: It was concluded that nHA combination with PRF produced faster periapical healing (bone regeneration) in the first three months than nHA alone. However, HA produce periapical healing (bone regeneration) after six months.
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Suzuki S, Venkataiah VS, Yahata Y, Kitagawa A, Inagaki M, Njuguna MM, Nozawa R, Kakiuchi Y, Nakano M, Handa K, Yamada M, Egusa H, Saito M. Correction of large jawbone defect in the mouse using immature osteoblast-like cells and a 3D polylactic acid scaffold. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac151. [PMID: 36714858 PMCID: PMC9802318 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering has been developed using a combination of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and calcium phosphate-based scaffolds. However, these complexes cannot regenerate large jawbone defects. To overcome this limitation of MSCs and ceramic scaffolds, a novel bone regeneration technology must be developed using cells possessing high bone forming ability and a scaffold that provides space for vertical bone augmentation. To approach this problem in our study, we developed alveolar bone-derived immature osteoblast-like cells (HAOBs), which have the bone regenerative capacity to correct a large bone defect when used as a grafting material in combination with polylactic acid fibers that organize the 3D structure and increase the strength of the scaffold material (3DPL). HAOB-3DPL constructs could not regenerate bone via xenogeneic transplantation in a micromini pig alveolar bone defect model. However, the autogenic transplantation of mouse calvaria-derived immature osteoblast-like cells (MCOBs) isolated using the identical protocol for HAOBs and mixed with 3DPL scaffolds successfully regenerated the bone in a large jawbone defect mouse model, compared to the 3DPL scaffold alone. Nanoindentation analysis indicated that the regenerated bone had a similar micromechanical strength to native bone. In addition, this MCOB-3DPL regenerated bone possesses osseointegration ability wherein a direct structural connection is established with the titanium implant surface. Hence, a complex formed between a 3DPL scaffold and immature osteoblast-like cells such as MCOBs represents a novel bone tissue engineering approach that enables the formation of vertical bone with the micromechanical properties required to treat large bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yoshio Yahata
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Ecological Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Akira Kitagawa
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Ecological Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan,OsteRenatos Ltd. Sendai Capital Tower 2F, 4-10-3 Central, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0021, Japan
| | - Masahiko Inagaki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 2266-98 Anagahora, Nagoya, Aichi 463-8560, Japan
| | - Mary M Njuguna
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Ecological Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Risako Nozawa
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Ecological Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kakiuchi
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Ecological Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masato Nakano
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Ecological Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Keisuke Handa
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Ecological Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan,Department of Oral Science, Division of Oral Biochemistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamada
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
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Mallappa J, Vasanth D, Gowda TM, Shah R, Gayathri GV, Mehta DS. Clinicoradiographic evaluation of advanced-platelet rich fibrin block (A PRF + i PRF + nanohydroxyapatite) compared to nanohydroxyapatite alone in the management of periodontal intrabony defects. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2022; 26:359-364. [PMID: 35959304 PMCID: PMC9362812 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_882_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Several bone grafting formulations have been given clinically acceptable outcomes in treating intrabony defects. Platelet rich fibrin (PRF), an autologous platelet concentrate holds potential to be used for regenerative treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical and radiographic outcomes in periodontal intrabony defects treated with advanced-PRF block (A PRF + i PRF + nanohydroxyapatite [nHA]) compared to nHA alone. Methods: Twenty-eight sites in chronic periodontitis patients having probing pocket depth (PPD) ≥6 mm and 3 walled intrabony defects (depth of ≥3 mm) were selected, randomly allotted into two groups: Group A was treated with A-PRF block and Group B with nHA (Sybograf™). Clinical parameters including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), PPD, relative attachment level (RAL) and radiographically linear and volumetric defect fill were assessed using cone beam computed tomography at baseline and 6 months postoperatively. Results: Intragroup comparison using paired t-test and intergroup comparison using unpaired t-test was done. Group A demonstrated significantly higher reduction in PPD and gain in RAL when compared to Group B (P ≤ 0.05) at the end of 6 months. Similarly gain in bone volume was greater in Group A (0.1 ± 0.05) as compared to Group B (0.04 ± 0.02) (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: Advanced-PRF block showed significant clinical and radiographic improvement as compared to nHA alone which depicts that, it may be an ideal graft to be used for the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayasheela Mallappa
- Department of Periodontology, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - Deepa Vasanth
- Department of Periodontology, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Rucha Shah
- Department of Periodontology, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Dhoom Singh Mehta
- Department of Periodontology, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India
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Stimulation of Metabolic Activity and Cell Differentiation in Osteoblastic and Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells by a Nanohydroxyapatite Paste Bone Graft Substitute. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15041570. [PMID: 35208112 PMCID: PMC8877199 DOI: 10.3390/ma15041570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Advances in nanotechnology have been exploited to develop new biomaterials including nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (nHA) with physical properties close to those of natural bone mineral. While clinical data are encouraging, relatively little is understood regarding bone cells’ interactions with synthetic graft substitutes based on this technology. The aim of this research was therefore to investigate the in vitro response of both osteoblast cell lines and primary osteoblasts to an nHA paste. Cellular metabolic activity was assessed using the cell viability reagent PrestoBlue and quantitative, real-time PCR was used to determine gene expression related to osteogenic differentiation. A potential role of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in the response of osteoblastic cells to nHA was also investigated. Indirect contact of the nHA paste with human osteoblastic cells (Saos-2, MG63, primary osteoblasts) and human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells enhanced the cell metabolic activity. The nHA paste also stimulated gene expression of runt-related transcription factor 2, collagen 1, alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin, thereby indicating an osteogenic response. CaSR was not involved in nHA paste-induced increases in cellular metabolic activity. This investigation demonstrated that the nHA paste has osteogenic properties that contribute to clinical efficacy when employed as an injectable bone graft substitute.
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Shaikh MS, Zafar MS, Alnazzawi A, Javed F. Nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite in regeneration of periodontal intrabony defects: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Anat 2021; 240:151877. [PMID: 34864225 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alveolar bone loss and mobility of teeth is commonly observed in periodontitis patients. Regeneration of periodontal intrabony defects is indicated to restore the lost bone and periodontal tissues. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of periodontal intrabony lesions by using nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (NHA) graft and comparing it with open flap debridement (OFD) alone. MATERIALS AND METHODS The eligibility criteria encompassed randomized (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs). Weighted mean differences were calculated for clinical attachment level (CAL) gain, probing pocket depth (PPD) reduction and gingival recession (REC) change, demonstrated as forest plots. The revised Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for randomized trials (RoB2) and Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool were used for quality assessment of RCTs and non-randomized trials respectively. RESULTS From 22 full-text articles identified, three RCTs, one CCT and one retrospective follow-up of RCT were included. All the five papers comprised the quantitative evaluation. The use of NHA graft provided additional CAL gain of 0.96 mm (p = 0.0009) and PPD reduction of 0.97 mm (p < 0.00001) when compared to OFD alone. However, in terms of REC changes, no considerable benefits of NHA graft were demonstrated than OFD alone (p = 0.48). CONCLUSIONS The bioactive NHA graft showed promising results clinically in regenerative periodontology and can be considered for the management of periodontal intrabony defects. The use of NHA graft considerably provided better clinical outcomes in intrabony defects compared to using the OFD alone. Future research investigating NHA graft against other regenerative materials including specific BGs, at longer follow-up periods and bigger sample sizes and in furcation defects warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saad Shaikh
- Department of Oral Biology, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, 75510, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah 41311, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Ahmad Alnazzawi
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah 41311, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawad Javed
- Department of Orthodontics, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, New York 14620, United States
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Shaikh MS, Zafar MS, Alnazzawi A. Comparing Nanohydroxyapatite Graft and Other Bone Grafts in the Repair of Periodontal Infrabony Lesions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12021. [PMID: 34769451 PMCID: PMC8584357 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the results of periodontal infrabony lesions treated using nanohydroxyapatite (NcHA) graft with other bone grafts (BGs). METHODS Four electronic databases were searched including PubMed (NLM), Embase (Ovid), Medline, and Dentistry and Oral Sciences (EBSCO). The inclusion criteria included randomised controlled clinical trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs). The clinical results of NcHA were compared with other BGs. For clinical attachment level (CAL) gain, probing pocket depth (PPD) decrease, and gingival recession (REC) change, weighted averages and forest plots were computed. RESULTS Seven RCTs fulfilled the selection criteria that were included. When NcHA was compared to other BGs, no clinically significant differences were found in terms of each outcome assessed, except the REC change for synthetic BGs as compared to NcHA. CONCLUSIONS The use of an NcHA graft showed equivalent results compared to other types of BGs. To further validate these findings, future studies are required to compare the NcHA and various BGs over longer time periods and in furcation deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saad Shaikh
- Department of Oral Biology, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi 75510, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah 41311, Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Alnazzawi
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah 41311, Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia;
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Ding C, Fu S, Chen X, Chen C, Wang H, Zhong L. Epigallocatechin gallate affects the proliferation of human alveolar osteoblasts and periodontal ligament cells, as well as promoting cell differentiation by regulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Odontology 2021; 109:729-740. [PMID: 33674907 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-021-00597-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) and human alveolar osteoblasts (hAOBs) play pivotal roles in periodontium. The regulatory effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on hPDLCs and hAOBs remained unclear. This study probed into the functions of EGCG treating periodontal diseases. Cultured hAOBs and hPDLCs were passaged and observed by microscopic examination, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and immumohistochemical staining were performed for verification. hAOBs and hPDLCs were treated with EGCG and LY294002 + EGCG, then the proliferation of the two cells was assayed by MTT. Mineralization of the treated hAOBs and hPDLCs was detected by ALP activity experiment and Alizarin Red S staining kit. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting were performed for the detection of the expressions of differentiation-related mRNAs and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway-related proteins in the two cells. The third passage of hAOBs mainly showed triangle shape and were positive by ALP staining. hPDLCs in passage 3 adhered to the wall in spiral or radial pattern with positively stained vimentin and negatively stained keratin. Cell proliferation and ALP activity of the hAOBs and hPDLCs were increased by EGCG treatment. The mineralized nodules and expressions of differentiation-related mRNAs, the phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt of the hAOBs and hPDLCs were promoted by EGCG treatment, while the effects of LY294002 treatment were opposite to EGCG treatment. Epigallocatechin gallate affected the proliferation and differentiation of hAOBs and hPDLCs through regulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ding
- The Affiliated Stomatologic Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shulei Fu
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chongchong Chen
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huiming Wang
- The Affiliated Stomatologic Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Liangjun Zhong
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Bahammam MA, Attia MS. Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Using Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) and Nanohydroxyapatite (nano-HA) in Treatment of Periodontal Intra-Bony Defects - A Randomized Controlled Trial. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 28:870-878. [PMID: 33424378 PMCID: PMC7783819 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aims to assess the concentration of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) with platelet rich fibrin (PRF) biomaterial, while using it separately or in combination with nanohydroxyapatite (nano-HA) for treating intra-bony defects (IBDs) using radiographic evaluation (DBS-Win software). Sixty patients with IBD (one site/patient) and chronic periodontitis were recruited randomly to test either autologous PRF platelet concentrate, nano-HA bone graft, a combination of PRF platelet concentrate and nano-HA, or alone conventional open flap debridement (OFD). Recordings of clinical parameters including probing depth (PD), gingival index (GI), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were obtained at baseline and 6 months, post-operatively. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare four groups; whereas, multiple comparisons were done through Tukey’s post hoc test. The results showed that CAL at baseline changed from 6.67 ± 1.23 to 4.5 ± 1.42 in group I, 6.6 ± 2.51 to 4.9 ± 1.48 in group II, 5.2 ± 2.17 to 3.1 ± 1.27 in group III, and 4.7 ± 2.22 to 3.7 ± 2.35 in group IV after 6 months. The most significant increase in bone density and fill was observed for IBD depth in group III that was recorded as 62.82 ± 24.6 and 2.31 ± 0.75 mm, respectively. VEGF concentrations were significantly increased at 3, 7, and 14 days in all groups. The use of PRF with nano-HA was successful regenerative periodontal therapy to manage periodontal IBDs, unlike using PRF alone. Increase in VEGF concentrations in all group confirmed its role in angiogenesis and osteogenesis in the early stages of bone defect healing.
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Key Words
- ANOVA, One-way analysis of variance
- CAL, Clinical attachment level
- CaP, Calcium phosphate
- DFDBA, Demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft
- ELISA, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- GCF, Gingival Clavicular Fluid
- GI, Gingival Index
- IBD, Intra-Bony Defect
- Intra-Bony Defects
- Nano-HA, Nanohydroxyapatite
- Nanohydroxyapatite
- OFD, Open flap debridement
- PD, Probing depth
- PPP, Platelet‑poor plasma
- PRF, Platelet rich fibrin
- PRP, Platelet rich plasma
- Periodontal Regeneration
- Periodontitis
- Platelet-Rich Fibrin
- Rpm, Revolutions per minute
- SD, Standard Deviation
- SPSS 20®, Statistical Package for Social Science
- VEGF, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha A Bahammam
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai S Attia
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, and Oral Diagnosis; Faculty of Dentistry; Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Falcon ND, Riley GP, Saeed A. Induction of Tendon-Specific Markers in Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Serum-Free Culture Conditions. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2020; 25:389-400. [PMID: 31140381 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2019.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Herein, we describe the tenogenic effect of bone morphogenetic protein-12 and transforming growth factor-β1 in cultured adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in serum-free conditions. This culture system provides an insight into serum-free culture conditions in stem cell differentiation protocols. A positive response of the ADSCs to the tenogenic induction was observed. In particular, the different growth factors used in this study displayed notable differences both on the gene and on the protein expression of the tendon-specific markers. The results underline the positive outcome of the serum removal in tenogenic differentiation protocols, contributing to the development of future cell-based therapies for tendon regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia D Falcon
- 1School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Graham P Riley
- 2School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Aram Saeed
- 1School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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Bordea IR, Candrea S, Alexescu GT, Bran S, Băciuț M, Băciuț G, Lucaciu O, Dinu CM, Todea DA. Nano-hydroxyapatite use in dentistry: a systematic review. Drug Metab Rev 2020; 52:319-332. [PMID: 32393070 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2020.1758713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HA) is a material with multiple uses due to its biocompatibility and its resemblance to the nonorganic bone structure. It is used in various dental domains such as implantology, surgery, periodontology, esthetics and prevention. The aim of this study is to provide a wide understanding of nano-HA and to promote treatments based on nanomaterials in dentistry. A search in two data bases, Scopus, and PubMED, was conducted over a 5 years period. We chose a 5 years period because this revealed the most recent published studies with the key words 'nano-HA' and 'dentistry'. A number of 32 studies were included in this systematic review. In implantology the main use of nano-HA was as a coating material for titanium implants and its effect was assessed in the matter of osteointegration and inflammatory response as well as antibacterial activity. In tissue engineering the use of nano-HA was directed to surgery and periodontology and this material was assessed mainly as a grafting material. In esthetics and prevention its use was mainly focused on dentinal hypersensitivity treatment, remineralizing potential and as bleaching co-agent. Nano-HA is a relatively novel material with outstanding physical, chemical, mechanical and biological properties that makes it suitable for multiple interventions. It outperformed most of the classic materials used in implantology and surgery but it should be further investigated for bone engineering and caries prevention therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Roxana Bordea
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sebastian Candrea
- "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriela Teodora Alexescu
- Department of Internal Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Farmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Simion Bran
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Băciuț
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Grigore Băciuț
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ondine Lucaciu
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristian Mihail Dinu
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Doina Adina Todea
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Pneumology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Wang J, Wang M, Chen F, Wei Y, Chen X, Zhou Y, Yang X, Zhu X, Tu C, Zhang X. Nano-Hydroxyapatite Coating Promotes Porous Calcium Phosphate Ceramic-Induced Osteogenesis Via BMP/Smad Signaling Pathway. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:7987-8000. [PMID: 31632013 PMCID: PMC6781424 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s216182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hierarchical porous structure and surface topography of calcium phosphate (CaP) bioceramics have a crucial impact on their osteoinductivity. PURPOSE To fabricate a biomimetic bone graft with an interconnected porous structure analogous to that of trabecular bone and a bioactive nanostructured surface with excellent osteoinductive potential. MATERIALS AND METHODS A biphasic CaP (BCP) substrate with highly porous structure was fabricated by an improved sponge replication method. Surface modification was performed by uniformly depositing a hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticle layer to create nHA-coated BCP scaffolds. The effects of these scaffolds on osteogenic differentiation of murine bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) were investigated in vitro, and their osteoinductivity was further assessed in vivo. RESULTS The BCP and nHA-coated BCP scaffolds had similar trabecular bone-like architectures but different surface structures, with mean grain sizes of ~55 nm and ~1 μm, respectively. Compared with the BCP substrate, the nHA-coated BCP scaffolds favored cell adhesion and promoted osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, as evidenced by upregulated expression of osteogenic genes, enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity, and increased osteocalcin production. This could be attributed to activation of the BMP/Smad signaling pathway, as significantly higher expression levels of BMPRI, Smad1, Smad4, and Smad5 were observed in the nHA-coated BCP group. The nHA-coated BCP scaffold not only maintained scaffold integrity but also induced ectopic bone formation when implanted into rabbit dorsal muscle in vivo for 90 days, whereas the BCP substrate underwent marked biodegradation that led to severe inflammation with no sign of osteogenesis. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates the potential of this biomimetic bone graft with a trabecular framework and nanotopography for use in orthopedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Menglu Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fuying Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yihang Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuening Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chongqi Tu
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu610064, People’s Republic of China
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Kattimani V, Lingamaneni KP, Yalamanchili S, Mupparapu M. Use of eggshell-derived nano-hydroxyapatite as novel bone graft substitute-A randomized controlled clinical study. J Biomater Appl 2019; 34:597-614. [PMID: 31324126 DOI: 10.1177/0885328219863311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivekanand Kattimani
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, India
| | | | - Samatha Yalamanchili
- 2 Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, India
| | - Muralidhar Mupparapu
- 3 Department of Oral Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Li Y, Liao C, Tjong SC. Synthetic Biodegradable Aliphatic Polyester Nanocomposites Reinforced with Nanohydroxyapatite and/or Graphene Oxide for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E590. [PMID: 30974820 PMCID: PMC6523566 DOI: 10.3390/nano9040590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides review updates on the current development of bionanocomposites with polymeric matrices consisting of synthetic biodegradable aliphatic polyesters reinforced with nanohydroxyaptite (nHA) and/or graphene oxide (GO) nanofillers for bone tissue engineering applications. Biodegradable aliphatic polyesters include poly(lactic acid) (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL) and copolymers of PLA-PGA (PLGA). Those bionanocomposites have been explored for making 3D porous scaffolds for the repair of bone defects since nHA and GO enhance their bioactivity and biocompatibility by promoting biomineralization, bone cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation, thus facilitating new bone tissue formation upon implantation. The incorporation of nHA or GO into aliphatic polyester scaffolds also improves their mechanical strength greatly, especially hybrid GO/nHA nanofilllers. Those mechanically strong nanocomposite scaffolds can support and promote cell attachment for tissue growth. Porous scaffolds fabricated from conventional porogen leaching, and thermally induced phase separation have many drawbacks inducing the use of organic solvents, poor control of pore shape and pore interconnectivity, while electrospinning mats exhibit small pores that limit cell infiltration and tissue ingrowth. Recent advancement of 3D additive manufacturing allows the production of aliphatic polyester nanocomposite scaffolds with precisely controlled pore geometries and large pores for the cell attachment, growth, and differentiation in vitro, and the new bone formation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China.
| | - Chengzhu Liao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Sie Chin Tjong
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Dong P, Zhu D, Deng X, Zhang Y, Ma J, Sun X, Liu Y. Effect of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and wedelolactone on osteoblastogenesis from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 107:145-153. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Dong
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine; Dalian Medical University; Dalian, 116044 China
| | - Di Zhu
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine; Dalian Medical University; Dalian, 116044 China
| | - Xue Deng
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine; Dalian Medical University; Dalian, 116044 China
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- Research Institute of Photonics; Dalian Polytechnic University; Dalian, 116034 China
| | - Jinhui Ma
- People's Libration Army No.202 Hospital; Shenyang, 110000 China
| | - Xiaoxin Sun
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine; Dalian Medical University; Dalian, 116044 China
| | - Yanqiu Liu
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine; Dalian Medical University; Dalian, 116044 China
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Review of potential health risks associated with nanoscopic calcium phosphate. Acta Biomater 2018; 77:1-14. [PMID: 30031162 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate is applied in many products in biomedicine, but also in toothpastes and cosmetics. In some cases, it is present in nanoparticulate form, either on purpose or after degradation or mechanical abrasion. Possible concerns are related to the biological effect of such nanoparticles. A thorough literature review shows that calcium phosphate nanoparticles as such have no inherent toxicity but can lead to an increase of the intracellular calcium concentration after endosomal uptake and lysosomal degradation. However, cells are able to clear the calcium from the cytoplasm within a few hours, unless very high doses of calcium phosphate are applied. The observed cytotoxicity in some cell culture studies, mainly for unfunctionalized particles, is probably due to particle agglomeration and subsequent sedimentation onto the cell layer, leading to a very high local particle concentration, a high particle uptake, and subsequent cell death. There is no risk from an oral uptake of calcium phosphate nanoparticles due to their rapid dissolution in the stomach. The risk from dermal or mucosal uptake is very low. Calcium phosphate nanoparticles can enter the bloodstream by inhalation, but no adverse effects have been observed, except for a prolonged exposition to high particle doses. Calcium phosphate nanoparticles inside the body (e.g. after implantation or due to abrasion) do not pose a risk as they are typically resorbed and dissolved by osteoclasts and macrophages. There is no indication for a significant influence of the calcium phosphate phase or the particle shape (e.g. spherical or rod-like) on the biological response. In summary, the risk associated with an exposition to nanoparticulate calcium phosphate in doses that are usually applied in biomedicine, health care products, and cosmetics is very low and most likely not present at all. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Calcium phosphate is a well-established biomaterial. However, there are occasions when it occurs in a nanoparticulate form (e.g. as nanoparticle or as nanoparticulate bone substitution material) or after abrasion from a calcium phosphate-coated metal implant. In the light of the current discussion on the safety of nanoparticles, there have been concerns about potential adverse effects of nano-calcium phosphate, e.g. in a statement of a EU study group from 2016 about possible dangers associated with non-spherical nano-hydroxyapatite in cosmetics. In the US, there was a discussion in 2016 about the dangers of nano-calcium phosphate in babyfood. In this review, the potential exposition routes for nano-calcium phosphate are reviewed, with special emphasis on its application as biomaterial.
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Khajuria DK, Zahra SF, Razdan R. Effect of locally administered novel biodegradable chitosan based risedronate/zinc-hydroxyapatite intra-pocket dental film on alveolar bone density in rat model of periodontitis. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2017; 29:74-91. [PMID: 29088987 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2017.1400145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a chitosan-based risedronate/zinc-hydroxyapatite intrapocket dental film (CRZHDF) for applications in the treatment of alveolar bone loss in an animal model of periodontitis. The physical characteristics (folding endurance, pH, mucoadhesive strength, risedronate content and release) of CRZHDF, exhibited results within the limit. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates reduced or disappeared crystallinity of risedronate and zinc-hydroxyapatite in presence of chitosan. Further, FTIR studies revealed stability of CRZHDF and compatibility between risedronate, zinc-hydroxyapatite and chitosan. Periodontitis was induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis-lipopolysaccharide injections around the mandibular first molar. We divided rats into 5 groups (12 rats/group): healthy, untreated periodontitis; periodontitis plus CRZHDF-A, periodontitis plus CRZHDF-B, and periodontitis plus chitosan film. After four weeks, blood samples and mandibles were obtained for biochemical, radiographic and histological analysis. Bone specific alkaline phosphatise activity and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase 5b was statistically lower in CRZHDF-A and CRZHDF-B groups as compared to the untreated periodontitis group (p < 0.0001). The expression of osteocalcin was statistically higher in CRZHDF-A and CRZHDF-B groups as compared to the untreated periodontitis group (p < 0.0001). Alveolar bone was intact in the healthy group. Local administration of CRZHDF resulted in significant improvements in the mesial and distal periodontal bone support (MPBS and DPBS, respectively) proportions (%), bone mineral density, and also reversed alveolar bone resorption when compared to the untreated periodontitis group (p < 0.001). The study reported here reveals that novel CRZHDF treatment effectively reduced alveolar bone destruction and contributes to periodontal healing in a rat model of experimental periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar Khajuria
- a Department of Pharmacology , Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy , Bangalore , India.,b The Musculoskeletal Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee , Bar-Ilan University , Safed , Israel
| | | | - Rema Razdan
- a Department of Pharmacology , Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy , Bangalore , India
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Sethu SN, Namashivayam S, Devendran S, Nagarajan S, Tsai WB, Narashiman S, Ramachandran M, Ambigapathi M. Nanoceramics on osteoblast proliferation and differentiation in bone tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 98:67-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.01.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Bayani M, Torabi S, Shahnaz A, Pourali M. Main properties of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite as a bone graft material in treatment of periodontal defects. A review of literature. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2017.1281760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Bayani
- Periodontics Department, Dental Faculty, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Sepehr Torabi
- Periodontics Department, Dental Faculty, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Aysan Shahnaz
- Periodontics Department, Dental Faculty, Qom University of Medical Science, Qom, Iran
| | - Mohammad Pourali
- Periodontics Department, Dental Faculty, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
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Sharma T, Radosevich JA, Pachori G, Mandal CC. A Molecular View of Pathological Microcalcification in Breast Cancer. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2016; 21:25-40. [PMID: 26769216 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-015-9349-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast microcalcification is a potential diagnostic indicator for non-palpable breast cancers. Microcalcification type I (calcium oxalate) is restricted to benign tissue, whereas type II (calcium hydroxyapatite) occurs both in benign as well as in malignant lesions. Microcalcification is a pathological complication of the mammary gland. Over the past few decades, much attention has been paid to exploit this property, which forms the basis for advances in diagnostic procedures and imaging techniques. The mechanism of its formation is still poorly understood. Hence, in this paper, we have attempted to address the molecular mechanism of microcalcification in breast cancer. The central theme of this communication is "how a subpopulation of heterogeneous breast tumor cells attains an osteoblast-like phenotype, and what activities drive the process of pathophysiological microcalcification, especially at the invasive or infiltrating front of breast tumors". The role of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) along with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in manipulating this pathological process has been highlighted. Therefore, this review offers a novel insight into the mechanism underlying the development of microcalcification in breast carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanu Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - James A Radosevich
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Geeta Pachori
- Department of Pathology, J.L.N Medical College, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305001, India
| | - Chandi C Mandal
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India.
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Liu C, Sun J. Hydrolyzed tilapia fish collagen induces osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells. Biomed Mater 2015; 10:065020. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/10/6/065020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Isyar M, Yilmaz I, Nusran G, Guler O, Yalcin S, Mahirogullari M. Safety of bioabsorbable implants in vitro. BMC Surg 2015; 15:127. [PMID: 26652613 PMCID: PMC4676853 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-015-0111-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the present study was to investigate the safety of bioabsorbable plates and screws in humans. Methods For this purpose, an implant system based on [poly(lactic-co-glycolic acids)(85:15)] was designed. The system was tested for pH, temperature, and swelling and then its surface morphology was analyzed for surface porosity using environmental electron microscopy. Then, the effects of this bioabsorbable system on the viability and profileration of osteocytes were examined on a molecular level via in vitro experiments. A [poly(lactic-co-glycolic acids)(90:10)] bioabsorbable implant, which is commercially available and used in orthopedic surgery, was used as control group. For the statistical evaluation of the data obtained in the present study, the groups were compared by Tukey HSD test following ANOVA. The significance level was set as p < 0.05. Results It was observed that the osteocytes cultivated on the PLGA system designed in the present study included more live cells and allowed more proliferation compared to the control. Conclusion One of the criteria in the selection of implants for orthopedic surgery is that a good implant should not need removal and thus a second surgery. In the present study, a bioabsorbable implant was designed considering this criterion. The present study is the first step to prove the safety of this new design by in vitro toxicity and viability experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Isyar
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Istanbul Medipol University School of Medicine, Bagcilar, 34214, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ibrahim Yilmaz
- Department of Pharmacovigilance and Rational Drug Use Team, Pharmacologist Pharmacist, M.Sc. Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Health, State Hospital, 59100, Tekirdag, Turkey.
| | - Gurdal Nusran
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Canakkale Onsekizmart University School of Medicine, 17000, Canakkale, Turkey.
| | - Olcay Guler
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Istanbul Medipol University School of Medicine, Bagcilar, 34214, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sercan Yalcin
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Istanbul Medipol University School of Medicine, Bagcilar, 34214, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Mahir Mahirogullari
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Istanbul Medipol University School of Medicine, Bagcilar, 34214, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Clinical evaluation of the regenerative potential of EMD and NanoHA in periodontal infrabony defects: a 2-year follow-up. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:492725. [PMID: 25276793 PMCID: PMC4172975 DOI: 10.1155/2014/492725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the clinical efficacy of four different surgical techniques in promoting periodontal regeneration in patients with infrabony defects: open flap debridement, application of enamel matrix derivatives (EMD), nanohydroxyapatite (nanoHA) application, and combined nanoHA and EMD application. Probing attachment level (PAL), pocket depth (PD), and position of gingival margin at completion of therapy (REC) were measured. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were collected from 64 healthy patients (34 women and 30 men, mean age 37,7 years). Clinical indices were measured by a calibrated examiner at baseline and at 12, 18, and 24 months. The values obtained for each treatment were compared using nonparametric tests. RESULTS All treatments resulted in a tendency toward PD reduction over time, with improvements in REC and PAL. The differences in PD, REC, and PAL values at baseline compared with values after 12, 18, and 24 months were statistically significant for all treatments. Statistically significant differences in PAL and PD were detected between nanoHA and nanoHA + EMD at 12, 18, and 24 months. CONCLUSION In this study, EMD and nanoHA used together in patients with infrabony periodontal lesions had better clinical efficacy than nanoHA alone, EMD alone, or open flap debridement.
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Shakib K, Tan A, Soskic V, Seifalian AM. Regenerative nanotechnology in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014; 52:884-93. [PMID: 25218313 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative nanotechnology is at the forefront of medical research, and translational medicine is a challenge to both scientists and clinicians. Although there has been an exponential rise in the volume of research generated about it for both medical and surgical uses, key questions remain about its actual benefits. Nevertheless, some people think that therapeutics based on its principles may form the core of applied research for the future. Here we give an account of its current use in oral and maxillofacial surgery, and implications and challenges for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Shakib
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; UCL Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London (UCL), London, UK.
| | - Aaron Tan
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London (UCL), London, UK; UCL Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | | | - Alexander M Seifalian
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London (UCL), London, UK; Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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Chaudhury K, Kumar V, Kandasamy J, RoyChoudhury S. Regenerative nanomedicine: current perspectives and future directions. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:4153-67. [PMID: 25214780 PMCID: PMC4159316 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s45332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has considerably accelerated the growth of regenerative medicine in recent years. Application of nanotechnology in regenerative medicine has revolutionized the designing of grafts and scaffolds which has resulted in new grafts/scaffold systems having significantly enhanced cellular and tissue regenerative properties. Since the cell–cell and cell-matrix interaction in biological systems takes place at the nanoscale level, the application of nanotechnology gives an edge in modifying the cellular function and/or matrix function in a more desired way to mimic the native tissue/organ. In this review, we focus on the nanotechnology-based recent advances and trends in regenerative medicine and discussed under individual organ systems including bone, cartilage, nerve, skin, teeth, myocardium, liver and eye. Recent studies that are related to the design of various types of nanostructured scaffolds and incorporation of nanomaterials into the matrices are reported. We have also documented reports where these materials and matrices have been compared for their better biocompatibility and efficacy in supporting the damaged tissue. In addition to the recent developments, future directions and possible challenges in translating the findings from bench to bedside are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koel Chaudhury
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Vishu Kumar
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Jayaprakash Kandasamy
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Sourav RoyChoudhury
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
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