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Miteva M, Mihaylova Z, Mitev V, Aleksiev E, Stanimirov P, Praskova M, Dimitrova VS, Vasileva A, Calenic B, Constantinescu I, Perlea P, Ishkitiev N. A Review of Stem Cell Attributes Derived from the Oral Cavity. Int Dent J 2024:S0020-6539(24)00093-5. [PMID: 38582718 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral cavity stem cells (OCSCs) have been the focus of intense scientific efforts due to their accessibility and stem cell properties. The present work aims to compare the different characteristics of 6 types of dental stem cells derived from the oral cavity: dental pulp stem cells (DPSC), stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSC), stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP), bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC), and gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSC). Using immunofluorescence and real-time polymerase chain reaction techniques, we analysed the cells for stem cell, differentiation, adhesion, and extracellular matrix markers; the ability to proliferate in vitro; and multilineage differentiation potential. Markers such as vimentin, CD44, alkaline phosphatase, CD146, CD271, CD49f, Oct 3/4, Sox 9, FGF7, nestin, and BMP4 showed significant differences in expression levels, highlighting the heterogeneity and unique characteristics of each cell type. At the same time, we confirmed that all cell types successfully differentiated into osteogenic, chondrogenic, or adipose lineages, with different readiness. In conclusion, our study reveals the distinct properties and potential applications of various dental-derived stem cells. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of OCSCs and their significance in future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Miteva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Medical University Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Zornitsa Mihaylova
- Department of Dental, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vanyo Mitev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Medical University Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Evgeniy Aleksiev
- Department of Dental, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Pavel Stanimirov
- Department of Dental, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Praskova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Medical University Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Violeta S Dimitrova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Medical University Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Anelia Vasileva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Medical University Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Bogdan Calenic
- Centre for Immunogenetics and Virology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, University of Medicine and Farmacy "Carol Davila," Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Ileana Constantinescu
- Centre for Immunogenetics and Virology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, University of Medicine and Farmacy "Carol Davila," Bucharest, Romania
| | - Paula Perlea
- Department of Endodontics, UMF Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Nikolay Ishkitiev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Medical University Sofia, Bulgaria
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Hosokawa Y, Hosokawa I, Shimoyama M, Okamoto R, Ozaki K, Hosaka K. The effects of berteroin on inflammatory mediators and antioxidant enzymes expression in human periodontal ligament cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2024; 397:2233-2240. [PMID: 37804343 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02761-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Berteroin is a bioactive substance classified as an isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables such as cabbage, arugula, and salad leaves. In this study, we aimed to determine whether berteroin exerts anti-inflammatory effects on human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs), a resident cells of periodontal tissue. Berteroin suppressed interleukin (IL)-1β or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced chemokines (C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL)2, CCL20, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)10, IL-8, and IL-6) production and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 expression in HPDLCs. In addition, berteroin inhibited phosphorylation of IκB kinase (IKK)- α/ β, nuclear factor (NF)- κB p65, and IκB- α and degradation of IκB- α in the NF-κB pathway induced by IL-1 β or TNF- α stimulation. Moreover, berteroin could inhibit signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 phosphorylation in TNF- α -stimulated HPDLC. Furthermore, berteroin increased the expression of the antioxidant enzymes, heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase (NQO)1, in IL-1 β or TNF- α -stimulated HPDLCs. These results suggest that berteroin may decrease the production of inflammatory mediators in HPDLCs by suppressing the NF-κB pathway, and may also decrease the local reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in periodontal lesions by increasing the production of antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Hosokawa
- Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Institute Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan.
| | - Ikuko Hosokawa
- Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Institute Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shimoyama
- Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Institute Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
| | - Risa Okamoto
- Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Institute Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
| | - Kazumi Ozaki
- Department of Oral Health Care Promotion, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Keiichi Hosaka
- Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Institute Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
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Shah R, M G T, Thomas R, A B TK. Advanced platelet rich fibrin demonstrates improved osteogenic induction potential in human periodontal ligament cells, growth factor production and mechanical properties as compared to leukocyte and platelet fibrin and injectable platelet rich fibrin. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2024; 28:413-424. [PMID: 37269407 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-023-01160-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This cross-sectional invitro research aimed to compare and contrast the macroscopic and microscopic, mechanical and biochemical features of leukocyte-rich platelet-rich fibrin, advanced platelet-rich fibrin, and injectable platelet-rich fibrin. MATERIALS AND METHODS In all, 150 samples were taken from males aged 18 to 25 with good systemic health (n = 50 each for i-PRF, A-PRF, and L-PRF). The samples were assessed for clot length, clot width, membrane length and width. Microscopic parameters assessed were the distribution of cells and fibrin structure. Mechanical tests were performed for tensile strength using a universal testing machine and growth factor analysis was performed for platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and transforming growth factor (TGF)- β on Days 1, 3 and 7 using commercially available ELISA kits. The osteogenic potential was analyzed in a culture of human periodontal ligament cells for 21 days using cell viability assay, alkaline phosphatase formation and alizarin red staining for mineralization. RESULTS L-PRF demonstrates statistically superior clot length, width, weight, membrane length, width and weight in comparison to A-PRF (p < 0.05). L-PRF demonstrates a denser fibrin structure in comparison to A-PRF and i-PRF (p < 0.05). The cells in L-PRF are most commonly situated in the proximal of the clot where as they are distributed in the proximal and middle aspect for A-PRF(p < 0.05). A-PRF demonstrates the highest tensile strength followed by L-PRF (p < 0.05). When growth factor release was evaluated, A-PRF showed noticeably increased release of all growth factors, namely PDGF-BB, TGF-ß, and VEGF, in comparison to i-PRF and L-PRF (p < 0.05). On days 7 and 14, the cell viability of human periodontal ligament cells in co-culture with A-PRF was statistically substantially greater than that of L-PRF and i-PRF (p < 0.05). Alkaline phosphatase levels were statistically substantially higher in A-PRF, followed by i-PRF and L-PRF on days 14 and 21 (p < 0.05). After 21 days of culture, A-PRF treated cultures had much more Alizarin Red staining than L-PRF and i-PRF cultures did (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION It was determined that although L-PRF exhibits greater size and weight in comparison to A-PRF and i-PRF, A-PRF has superior mechanical properties, increased growth factor releases of TGF-b, PDGF-BB, and VEGF as well as superior cell viability, alkaline phosphatase production, and mineralization on human periodontal ligament cells. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Based on these findings, A-PRF can be recommended for improved delivery of growth factors and osteogenesis whereas L-PRF is better-suited for applications relying on the size of membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rucha Shah
- Department of Periodontics, Bapuji Dental College & Hospital, MCC B Block, Davangere, Karnataka, India, 577004.
| | - Triveni M G
- Department of Periodontics, Bapuji Dental College & Hospital, MCC B Block, Davangere, Karnataka, India, 577004
| | - Raison Thomas
- Department of Periodontics, Bapuji Dental College & Hospital, MCC B Block, Davangere, Karnataka, India, 577004
| | - Tarun Kumar A B
- Department of Periodontics, Bapuji Dental College & Hospital, MCC B Block, Davangere, Karnataka, India, 577004
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Okamoto R, Hosokawa Y, Hosokawa I, Ozaki K, Hosaka K. Cardamonin decreases inflammatory mediator expression in IL-1β-stimulated human periodontal ligament cells. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:222. [PMID: 38281189 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09204-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardamonin is classified as a natural chalcone, and has been reported to possess various bioactive effects. However, there have been limited attempts to utilize cardamonin in the treatment of periodontitis. This study aimed to investigate whether cardamonin has anti-inflammatory effects on human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs), which are a component cell of periodontal tissue. Specifically, the study seeks to determine whether cardamonin affects the expression of inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines and adhesion molecules, induced by interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in HPDLCs, as well as the signaling pathways activated by IL-1β. METHODS Cytokine and chemokine levels in supernatants of HPDLCs were measured by ELISA. Western blot analysis was used to measure protein expression and signal transduction pathway activation in HPDLCs. RESULTS We found that IL-1β-induced CC chemokine ligand (CCL)2, CCL5, CCL20, CXC-chemokine ligand (CXCL)10, and interleukin (IL)-6 production and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression in HPDLCs were suppressed by cardamonin treatment. We also found that cardamonin suppressed IL-1β-activated nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway, and the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3. Furthermore, cardamonin treatment enhanced the expression of the antioxidant enzymes, heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 (NQO1), in HPDLCs. CONCLUSION In this study, we found that cardamonin could suppress the production of inflammatory mediators in HPDLCs as well as the activation of several signaling pathways induced by IL-1β treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Okamoto
- Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hosokawa
- Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan.
| | - Ikuko Hosokawa
- Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
| | - Kazumi Ozaki
- Department of Oral Health Care Promotion, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Keiichi Hosaka
- Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
- Division of Interdisciplinary Research for Medicine and Photonics, Institute of Post LED Photonics, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
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Zhang J, Zhang X, Han K, Wang X, Guo Z, Deng Q, Li J, Lv S, Yu W. Effects of low level laser on periodontal tissue remodeling in hPDLCs under tensile stress. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:232. [PMID: 37819407 PMCID: PMC10567958 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03885-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) on human Periodontal Ligament Cells (hPDLCs) under tension stress. Primary hPDLCs were obtained using the tissue culture method, and P3 cells were utilized for the subsequent experiments. The study comprised four groups: a blank control group (Group B), a laser irradiation group (Group L), a tension stress group (Group T), and a laser + tension stress group (Group LT). Mechanical loading was applied using an in-vitro cell stress loading device at a frequency of 0.5 Hz and deformation of 2% for two hours per day for two days. Laser irradiation at 808 nm GaAlAs laser was administered 1 h after force loading. Cell samples were collected after the experiment. Bone and fiber remodeling factors were analyzed using PCR and Western blot. Flow cytometry was employed to assess the cell cycle, while ROS and Ca2+ levels were measured using a multifunctional enzyme labeling instrument. The results revealed that laser intervention under tension stress inhibited the expression of osteogenic differentiation factors, promoted the expression of osteoclast differentiation factors, and significantly increased the production of collagen factors, MMPs, and TIMPs. The LT group exhibited the most active cell cycle (P < 0.05). LLLT not only enhanced Ca2+ expression in hPDLCs under tension stress, but also stimulated the production of ROS. Overall, our findings demonstrate that LLLT effectively accelerated the proliferation of hPDLCs and the remodeling of periodontal tissue, possibly through the regulation of ROS and Ca2+ levels in hPDLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300041, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin, 300041, China
| | - Xizhong Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300041, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin, 300041, China
| | - Kaifang Han
- Department of Stomatology, Tianjin Beichen Hospital, Tianjin, 300400, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300041, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin, 300041, China
| | - Ziyuan Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300041, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin, 300041, China
| | - Qi Deng
- Department of Orthodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300041, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin, 300041, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300041, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin, 300041, China
| | - Shuxin Lv
- Department of Orthodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300041, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin, 300041, China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300041, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin, 300041, China.
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Liu G, Zhang L, Zhou X, Xue J, Xia R, Gan X, Lv C, Zhang Y, Mao X, Kou X, Shi S, Chen Z. Inducing the "re-development state" of periodontal ligament cells via tuning macrophage mediated immune microenvironment. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00225-4. [PMID: 37597747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Periodontal regeneration, specifically the restoration of the cementum-periodontal ligament (PDL)-alveolar bone complex, remains a formidable challenge in the field of regenerative dentistry. In light of periodontal development, harnessing the multi-tissue developmental capabilities of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) and reinitiating the periodontal developmental process hold great promise as an effective strategy to foster the regeneration of the periodontal complex. OBJECTIVES This study aims to delve into the potential effects of the macrophage-mediated immune microenvironment on the "developmental engineering" regeneration strategy and its underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS In this study, we conducted a comprehensive examination of the periodontium developmental process in the rat mandibular first molar using histological staining. Through the induction of diverse immune microenvironments in macrophages, we evaluated their potential effects on periodontal re-development events using a cytokine array. Additionally, we investigated PDLC-mediated periodontal re-development events under these distinct immune microenvironments through transcriptome sequencing and relevant functional assays. Furthermore, the underlying molecular mechanism was also performed. RESULTS The activation of development-related functions in PDLCs proved challenging due to their declined activity. However, our findings suggest that modulating the macrophage immune response can effectively regulate PDLCs-mediated periodontium development-related events. The M1 type macrophage immune microenvironment was found to promote PDLC activities associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition, fiber degradation, osteoclastogenesis, and inflammation through the Wnt, IL-17, and TNF signaling pathways. Conversely, the M2 type macrophage immune microenvironment demonstrated superiority in inducing epithelium induction, fibers formation, and mineralization performance of PDLCs by upregulating the TGFβ and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. CONCLUSION The results of this study could provide some favorable theoretical bases for applying periodontal development engineering strategy in resolving the difficulties in periodontal multi-tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqi Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Research Center for Dental and Cranial Rehabilitation and Material Engineering, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Linjun Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Research Center for Dental and Cranial Rehabilitation and Material Engineering, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Research Center for Dental and Cranial Rehabilitation and Material Engineering, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Junlong Xue
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Research Center for Dental and Cranial Rehabilitation and Material Engineering, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Ruidi Xia
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Research Center for Dental and Cranial Rehabilitation and Material Engineering, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Xuejing Gan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Research Center for Dental and Cranial Rehabilitation and Material Engineering, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Chunxiao Lv
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Research Center for Dental and Cranial Rehabilitation and Material Engineering, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Yanshu Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Research Center for Dental and Cranial Rehabilitation and Material Engineering, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Xueli Mao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China; South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research,510055, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxing Kou
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China; South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research,510055, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songtao Shi
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China; South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research,510055, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zetao Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Research Center for Dental and Cranial Rehabilitation and Material Engineering, Guangzhou 510055, China.
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Jian Z, Li Y, Zhang C, Zhong W, Ai D, He Y, Song J. Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Attenuates Periodontal Ligament Cells Apoptosis by Activating Yes-Associated Protein-Regulated Autophagy. Ultrasound Med Biol 2023; 49:1227-1237. [PMID: 36878833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of the work described here was to determine if low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has an anti-inflammatory effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs). The mechanism underlying this effect remains to be explored and is likely related to PDLC apoptosis regulated by Yes-associated protein (YAP) and autophagy. METHODS To verify this hypothesis, we used a rat model of periodontitis and primary human PDLCs. We examined alveolar bone resorption in rats and apoptosis, autophagy and YAP activity in LPS-treated PDLCs with and without application of LIPUS by cellular immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy and Western blotting. Then, siRNA transfection was used to decrease YAP expression to confirm the regulatory role of YAP in the anti-apoptotic effect of LIPUS on PDLCs. DISCUSSION We found that LIPUS attenuated alveolar bone resorption in rats and this was accompanied by YAP activation. LIPUS inhibited hPDLC apoptosis by YAP activation, and promoted autophagic degradation to help autophagy completion. These effects were reversed after YAP expression was blocked. CONCLUSION LIPUS attenuates PDLC apoptosis by activating Yes-associated protein-regulated autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiang Jian
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking, China
| | - Chuangwei Zhang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjie Zhong
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongqing Ai
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao He
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jinlin Song
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China.
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Zayed M, Iohara K. Age Related Senescence, Apoptosis, and Inflammation Profiles in Periodontal Ligament Cells from Canine Teeth. Curr Mol Med 2023; 23:808-814. [PMID: 35619322 DOI: 10.2174/1566524022666220520124630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The periapical tissues, including periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) play an important role in repairing the surrounding tissue of the teeth. A decrease in the regenerative potentiality of resident stem cells (PDLCs) has been suggested to be attributed to the decline of pulp regeneration. Therefore, examining the functional changes in periodontal tissue and cells that occur during the aging process is necessary. METHODS The changes in the cementum extract (CE) and PDLCs isolated from young and aged dog teeth were evaluated. PDLCs growth rate, senescence markers, p16 and p21, and proinflammatory cytokines, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, were analyzed by RT-PCR. Bax, an apoptosis marker, Bcl-2, a marker for cell survival, and IL-6 were examined by Western blot analyses to detect their variance expression in the CE. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that aged PDLCs exhibit a low growth rate and an increased expression of p16; however, no change has been demonstrated in the expression of p21. The chronic inflammatory molecules, IL-6 and TNF-α, were significantly upregulated compared to young PDLCs. Western blot analyses showed decreased expression of Bcl-2 in the CE of the aged tooth (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Taken together, aging influences the functional changes of PDLCs and CE and increases senescence, chronic inflammation, and apoptosis markers. As a result, donor age is a key factor influencing the utilization of PDLCs for tooth regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Zayed
- Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Koichiro Iohara
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
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Fraser D, Benoit D. Dual peptide-functionalized hydrogels differentially control periodontal cell function and promote tissue regeneration. Biomater Adv 2022; 141:213093. [PMID: 36067642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Restoring the tooth-supporting tissues lost during periodontitis is a significant clinical challenge, despite advances in both biomaterial and cell-based approaches. This study investigated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels functionalized with integrin-binding peptides RGD and GFOGER for controlling periodontal ligament cell (PDLC) activity and promoting periodontal tissue regeneration. Dual presentation of RGD and GFOGER within PEG hydrogels potentiated two key PDLC functions, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and matrix mineralization, over either peptide alone and could be tuned to differentially promote each function. Hydrogel matrix mineralization, fostered by high concentrations of GFOGER together with RGD, identified a PDLC phenotype with accelerated matrix adhesion formation and expression of cementoblast and osteoblast genes. In contrast, maximizing ALP activity through high RGD and low GFOGER levels resulted in minimal hydrogel mineralization, in part, through altered PDLC pyrophosphate regulation. Transplantation of PDLCs in hydrogels optimized for either outcome promoted cementum formation in rat periodontal defects; however, only hydrogels optimized for in vitro mineralization improved new bone formation. Overall, these results highlight the utility of engineered hydrogel systems for controlling PDLC functions and their promise for promoting periodontal tissue regeneration.
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Çayır Bozoğlu Ü, Kiremitçi A, Yurtsever MÇ, Gümüşderelioğlu M. Peek dental implants coated with boron-doped nano-hydroxyapatites: Investigation of in-vitro osteogenic activity. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 73:127026. [PMID: 35797924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PEEK is a high-performance thermoplastic that has many potential uses in orthopaedics and dentistry, and it has been shown to be a substitute for titanium (Ti) implants. However, PEEK is an inherently inert material, and that characteristic limits its cellular adhesion and bone integration. The aim of this study is to determine a suitable surface modification method for increasing the osteogenic potential of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) implants used in periodontal applications. METHODS In this work, a nanostructured porous surface is created on PEEK material by sulfonation, in sulfuric acid at room temperature for 20 min, and thus SPEEK samples were obtained. Then, PEEK and SPEEK samples were coated with boron (B) doped hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles (B-nHAp) precipitated from concentrated synthetic body fluid (10xSBF) by a microwave-assisted method conducted at 600 W. In vitro cell culture studies were carried out with periodontal ligament cells (PDL) on the samples. Osteogenic differentiation of PDL cells on PEEK, SPEEK and SPEEK-B-nHAp was evaluated using ALP activity assay, hydroxyproline assay, and RT-qPCR. RESULTS In vitro cell culture studies disclosed improved adhesion and proliferation of PDL cells on the SPEEK and B-nHAp coated SPEEK surfaces (SPEEK-B-nHAp). Results of these assays confirmed that treated PEEK surfaces, especially SPEEK-B-nHAp, significantly enhanced osteogenic differentiation of PDL cells in vitro compared with untreated PEEK surfaces. CONCLUSION Here a simple, easy to-use, and efficient modification method based on the properties of boron is proposed for increasing osteogenic potential of PEEK implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ü Çayır Bozoğlu
- Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics/Faculty of Science, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - A Kiremitçi
- Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; Restorative Dentistry/Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - M Gümüşderelioğlu
- Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; Bioengineering Department, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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11
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Yang Y, Ren D, Zhao D, Zhang B, Ye R. MicroRNA-203 mediates P. gingivalis LPS-induced inflammation and differentiation of periodontal ligament cells. Oral Dis 2022; 29:1715-1725. [PMID: 35034420 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM In this study, we aimed to explore the effects of microRNA-203 (miR-203) on P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (P.g. LPS)-stimulated periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) and identify potential molecular targets for periodontitis treatment. METHODS PDLCs were stimulated by P.g. LPS, followed by quantification of miR-203 and AP-1 expression. Next, loss- and gain-of-function experiments were applied in P.g. LPS-induced PDLCs. The proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation of PDLCs were determined and mineralized nodule numbers were counted. Functional assays were used to identify interactions among miR-203, activator protein 1 (AP-1), and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). In addition, expression of osteogenesis-related genes and release of proinflammatory factors were analyzed. RESULTS miR-203 was found to be downregulated while AP-1 was upregulated in PDLCs stimulated by P.g. LPS. The overexpression of miR-203 promoted P.g. LPS-stimulated PDLC proliferation and differentiation, inhibited apoptosis, and increased the number of mineralized nodules. miR-203 was verified to downregulate AP-1/ICAM-1 axis. miR-203 overexpression reduced the secretion of proinflammatory factors while increasing expression of osteogenesis-related genes in P.g. LPS-stimulated PDLCs, which was reversed by overexpressing AP-1 and ICAM-1. CONCLUSION These experimental data demonstrated the potential inhibitory effects of overexpressed miR-203 on periodontitis development by promoting PDLC differentiation and suppressing inflammatory responses through AP-1/ICAM-1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Department of General Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Dongping Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Duo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Department of General Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041, Sichuan, China
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Lin J, Huang J, Zhang Z, Yu X, Cai X, Liu C. Periodontal ligament cells under mechanical force regulate local immune homeostasis by modulating Th17/Treg cell differentiation. Clin Oral Investig 2022. [PMID: 35029749 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04346-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Improper orthodontic force often causes root resorption or destructive bone resorption. There is evidence that T helper 17 (Th17) cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells may be actively involved in bone remodeling during tooth movement. In a combination of in vitro and in vivo studies, we investigated the effect of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) on Th17/Treg cells under different orthodontic forces and corticotomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS hPDLCs were cultured in vitro and subjected to different mechanical forces. The expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in the supernatant and the mRNA levels of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α, Notch1, and TGF-β in hPDLCs were investigated. Supernatants were collected and co-cultured with activated CD4+T cells, and the differentiation of Th17/Treg cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. We also established an animal model of tooth movement with or without corticotomy. The tooth movement distance, alveolar bone height, and root resorption were analyzed using micro-computed tomography. Expression of interleukin (IL)-17A, forkhead Box P3 (Foxp3), and IL-6 were analyzed using immunohistochemistry, while osteoclasts were evaluated by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. The mRNA levels of IL-17A, IL-6, Foxp3, IL-10, HIF-1α, notch1, and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) in alveolar bone and gingiva were investigated. RESULTS Heavy force repressed cell viability and increased the mortality rate of hPDLCs; it also improved the expression of IL-6, declined the expression of TGF-β, and promoted the mRNA expression level of HIF-1α. The expression of TGF-β and Notch1 mRNA decreased and then increased. The supernatant of hPDLCs under heavy force promotes the polarization of Th17 cells. The heavy force caused root resorption and decreased alveolar bone height and increased the positive area of IL-17A immunohistochemical staining and the expression of IL-17A, IL-6, HIF-1α, and Notch1 mRNA. Corticotomy accelerated tooth movement, increased the proportion of Foxp3-positive cells, and up-regulated the expression of Foxp3, IL-10, and CXCL12 mRNA. CONCLUSIONS During orthodontic tooth movement, the heavy force causes root resorption and inflammatory bone destruction, which could be associated with increased expression of Th17 cells and IL-6. Corticotomy can accelerate tooth movement without causing root resorption and periodontal bone loss, which may be related to the increased expression of Treg cells. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Altogether, this report provides a new perspective on the prevention of inflammatory injury via the regulation of Th17/Treg cells in orthodontics.
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Khorolsuren Z, Lang O, Vag J, Kohidai L. Effect of dental antiseptic agents on the viability of human periodontal ligament cells. Saudi Dent J 2021; 33:904-11. [PMID: 34938032 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2021.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell viability is key for tissue regeneration. Dental antiseptics were cytotoxic in periodontal ligament cells. Real-time impedimetry proved to be a non-invasive method to monitor cell viability.
Objectives We aimed to study whether or not various dental antiseptic agents affect the viability and proliferation of human periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs). Materials and methods Human PDLCs were isolated from a total of 10 surgically extracted impacted third molars and were. cultured in-vitro. The cells were exposed to commonly used dental antiseptics, including chlorhexidine, cetylpyridinium chloride, triclosan, povidone-iodine and sodium bicarbonate for ultra-short-term (10, 20, 30 sec), short-term (10, 20, 30 min) and long-term (24, 48 h) at various concentrations. Cell morphology was observed with light microscopy. Cell viability was studied with impedimetric real-time xCELLigence and resazurin-based alamarBlue® assays. We used one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s and Bonferroni test (p < 0.05) for statistical analysis. Results Both alamarBlue® and xCELLigence analysis results were in agreement that ultra-short-term contact with cetylpyridinium chloride ≥ 0.01 mg/ml, chlorhexidine ≥ 1 mg/ml, triclosan ≥ 1 mg/ml and povidone-iodine ≥ 1 mg/ml as well as long-term exposure to cetylpyridinium chloride ≥ 0.001 mg/ml, chlorhexidine ≥ 0.01 mg/ml, triclosan ≥ 1 mg/ml, povidone-iodine ≥ 1 mg/ml and sodium bicarbonate ≥ 10 mg/ml was able to reduce the viability of human PDLCs significantly. According to the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) the rank of cytotoxicity was cetylpyridinium chloride > chlorhexidine > triclosan > povidone-iodine > sodium bicarbonate. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the tested antiseptic agents were cytotoxic to human PDLCs at lower than practically applied concentrations in dental interventions.
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Wang Z, Wang D, Guo S, Zhuo Q, Jiang D, Yu Z. Long noncoding RNA distal-less homeobox 2 antisense 1 restrains inflammatory response and apoptosis of periodontal ligament cells by binding with microRNA-330-3p to regulate Ro60, Y RNA binding protein. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 133:105298. [PMID: 34752991 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the role of long noncoding RNA distal-less homeobox 2 antisense 1 (DLX2-AS1) in lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response and apoptosis of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs). DESIGN Lipopolysaccharide was used to induce inflammation response of PDLCs. The expression of DLX2-AS1, microRNA-330-3p and Ro60, Y RNA binding protein (RO60) in lipopolysaccharide-treated PDLCs was detected by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to evaluate the concentration of inflammatory cytokines in PDLCs after DLX2-AS1 overexpression or RO60 downregulation. The apoptosis of PDLCs after lipopolysaccharide treatment or indicated transfection was analyzed by flow cytometry analysis. The level of apoptosis-related proteins, Bax and Bcl-2, were examined by western blotting. The binding capacity between microRNA-330-3p and DLX2-AS1 (or RO60) was verified by luciferase reporter assays. RESULTS DLX2-AS1 was downregulated in PDLCs after lipopolysaccharide treatment. DLX2-AS1 overexpression decreased the production of inflammatory cytokines and inhibited cell apoptosis. microRNA-330-3p bound with DLX2-AS1 and displayed high expression in lipopolysaccharide-induced PDLCs. In addition, the downregulation of RO60, a target gene of microRNA-330-3p, reversed the suppressive influence of DLX2-AS1 overexpression on the inflammatory response and apoptosis of PDLCs. CONCLUSIONS DLX2-AS1 restrains inflammatory response and apoptosis of PDLCs via the microRNA-330-3p/RO60 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Huaian Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Huaian 223300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dazhao Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian 223300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Song Guo
- Department of Stomatology, Huaian Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Huaian 223300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qibao Zhuo
- Department of Stomatology, Huaian Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Huaian 223300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongting Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Huaian Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Huaian 223300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhifen Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Huaian Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Huaian 223300, Jiangsu, China.
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Asakawa T, Yamada A, Kugino M, Hasegawa T, Yoshimura K, Sasa K, Kinoshita M, Nitta M, Nagata K, Sugiyama T, Kamijo R, Funatsu T. Establishment of Down's syndrome periodontal ligament cells by transfection with SV40T-Ag and hTERT. Hum Cell 2021. [PMID: 34590290 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00621-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Down's syndrome is one of the most common human congenital genetic diseases and affected patients have increased risk of periodontal disease. To examine involvement of the disease with periodontal disease development, we established immortalized periodontal ligament cells obtained from a Down's syndrome patient by use of SV40T-Ag and hTERT gene transfection. Expressions of SV40T-Ag and hTERT were observed in periodontal ligament cell-derived immortalized cells established from healthy (STPDL) and Down's syndrome patient (STPDLDS) samples. Primary cultured periodontal ligament cells obtained from a healthy subject (pPDL) had a limited number of population doublings (< 40), while STPDL and STPDLDS cells continued to grow with more than 80 population doublings. Primary cultured periodontal ligament cells obtained from the patient showed a chromosome pattern characteristic of Down's syndrome with trisomy 21, whereas STPDLDS samples showed a large number of abnormal chromosomes in those results. Gene expression analysis revealed that expression of DSCR-1 in STPDLDS is greater than that in STPDL. These results suggest that the newly established STPDLDS cell line may be a useful tool for study of periodontal disease in Down's syndrome patients.
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郜 洪, 孟 焕, 侯 建, 黄 宝, 李 玮. [Expression and distribution of calprotectin in healthy and inflamed periodontal tissues]. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2021; 53:744-749. [PMID: 34393239 PMCID: PMC8365054 DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167x.2021.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Calprotectin, the heterdimer of S100A8 and S100A9, is the major cytoplasmic protein of neutrophils, which is also expressed or induced in gingival epithelial cells, activated mononuclear macrophages and vascular endothelial cells. Calprotectin is intimately associated with the initiation and progression of periodontitis, but the in vivo expression patterns of calprotectin in healthy and inflamed periodontal tissue are not fully understood. To observe the expression, distribution and cellular localization of calprotectin in the samples of healthy periodontal tissues and experimental periodontitis tissues of Beagles and to explore their relationship with periodontal inflammation and possible effect. METHODS Experimental periodontitis model was established by ligation around the mandibular second molar of the Beagle dogs, while the contralateral teeth were healthy controls. Induction duration was 12 weeks, before the dogs were executed. Tissue specimens were demineralized and serial sections were made conventionally. The in vivo expression of calprotectin in the healthy and inflamed periodontal tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry. The in vitro expression of calprotectin in human primary gingival fibroblasts (GFs) and periodontal ligament (PDL) cells were detected by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry analysis indicated that calprotectin was expressed in gingival epithelial cells and infiltrated neutrophils in the healthy periodontium within the gingival epithelium, S100A8/A9 was most strongly expressed in the junctional epithelium, followed by surface epithelium, and least expressed in the sulcular epithelium. The S100A8/A9 expression levels were sharply defined at the junction between the junctional epithelium and the sulcular epithelium. In periodontal inflammatory lesions, the expression level of calprotectin in sulcular epithelium and junctional epithelium was up-regulated than that in the healthy gingival epithelium. Calprotectin was inducibly expressed in fibroblast-like cells in gingival connective tissue and periodontal ligament tissue, microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) and bone marrow fibroblasts under inflammatory conditions. Additionally, the expression of calprotectin in primary human GFs and PDL cells was confirmed by immunnocytochemistry staining. CONCLUSION Constitutively expressed in neutrophils and gingival epithelial cells, and calprotectin might maintain the homeostasis and integrity of periodontium. Inflammation-induced expression of calprotectin in GFs, PDL cells, microvascular ECs and bone marrow fibroblasts might process anti-microbial function and promote leukocytes transmigration to defend the host against the microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- 洪宇 郜
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,牙周科 国家口腔医学中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,北京 100081Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
- 天津医科大学口腔医院牙周科,天津 300070Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - 焕新 孟
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,牙周科 国家口腔医学中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,北京 100081Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 建霞 侯
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,牙周科 国家口腔医学中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,北京 100081Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 宝鑫 黄
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,牙周科 国家口腔医学中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,北京 100081Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 玮 李
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,牙周科 国家口腔医学中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,北京 100081Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
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Xu S, Jiang C, Liu H, Zhang H, Liao H, Wang X, Yao S, Ma L, Guo Y, Cao Z. Integrin-α9 and Its Corresponding Ligands Play Regulatory Roles in Chronic Periodontitis. Inflammation 2020; 43:1488-97. [PMID: 32232710 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01226-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Integrin-α9 (ITGA9) and its corresponding ligands are involved in inflammatory and immune responses. The present study aimed to investigate whether ITGA9 participates in the development of chronic periodontitis (ChP) and to explore the underlying mechanisms. We collected gingival tissue and gingival crevicular fluid in vivo from patients to determine the levels of ITGA9 and its ligands. We cultured primary periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) in vitro and applied small interfering RNA to knock down ITGA9 in order to analyze the changes of inflammatory cytokines and explore the related cellular signaling pathways. The expression level of ITGA9 was significantly higher in the gingiva of patients with ChP than that of healthy individuals. ITGA9 knockdown in the PDLCs inhibited the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8. Western blot analysis indicated that this change could be attributed to the regulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. ITGA9 plays a regulatory role in the homeostasis of ChP. The results of the present study provide potential insights into the treatment of periodontitis. Graphical abstract.
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Ding C, Fu S, Chen X, Chen C, Wang H, Zhong L. Epigallocatechin gallate affects the proliferation of human alveolar osteoblasts and periodontal ligament cells, as well as promoting cell differentiation by regulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Odontology 2021; 109:729-740. [PMID: 33674907 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-021-00597-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) and human alveolar osteoblasts (hAOBs) play pivotal roles in periodontium. The regulatory effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on hPDLCs and hAOBs remained unclear. This study probed into the functions of EGCG treating periodontal diseases. Cultured hAOBs and hPDLCs were passaged and observed by microscopic examination, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and immumohistochemical staining were performed for verification. hAOBs and hPDLCs were treated with EGCG and LY294002 + EGCG, then the proliferation of the two cells was assayed by MTT. Mineralization of the treated hAOBs and hPDLCs was detected by ALP activity experiment and Alizarin Red S staining kit. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting were performed for the detection of the expressions of differentiation-related mRNAs and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway-related proteins in the two cells. The third passage of hAOBs mainly showed triangle shape and were positive by ALP staining. hPDLCs in passage 3 adhered to the wall in spiral or radial pattern with positively stained vimentin and negatively stained keratin. Cell proliferation and ALP activity of the hAOBs and hPDLCs were increased by EGCG treatment. The mineralized nodules and expressions of differentiation-related mRNAs, the phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt of the hAOBs and hPDLCs were promoted by EGCG treatment, while the effects of LY294002 treatment were opposite to EGCG treatment. Epigallocatechin gallate affected the proliferation and differentiation of hAOBs and hPDLCs through regulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ding
- The Affiliated Stomatologic Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shulei Fu
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chongchong Chen
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huiming Wang
- The Affiliated Stomatologic Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Liangjun Zhong
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Ni K, Hua Y. Hydrogen sulfide exacerbated periodontal inflammation and induced autophagy in experimental periodontitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 93:107399. [PMID: 33529908 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), the metabolite produced by gram-negative bacteria, is present in deep periodontal pockets of periodontitis patients at high concentrations. The harsh conditions in the diseased periodontium may stimulate a local autophagy response. However, how H2S participates in pathogenesis and whether H2S induces autophagy in periodontitis remain partially unknown. In this article, we determined the role of the slow-releasing H2S donor GYY4137 in experimental periodontitis and its possible regulation in autophagy involved. We found that GYY4137 dose-dependently decreased cell viability and increased the level of proinflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs). Topically applied GYY4137 also exacerbated periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone loss in ligature-induced rats. Moreover, GYY4137 activated autophagy by upregulating the expression levels of the autophagy-related proteins LC3 and Beclin-1 and downregulating P62 in LPS-treated HPDLCs and inflamed periodontal tissues. Blocking autophagy with 3-methyladenine resulted in further increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines in LPS- and GYY4137-induced HPDLCs. Our results indicate that GYY4137 exerted proinflammatory effects and promoted autophagy in periodontitis, and the induced autophagy may function as a cytoprotective mechanism to prevent excessive inflammation.
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Jäger A, Setiawan M, Beins E, Schmidt-Wolf I, Konermann A. Analogous modulation of inflammatory responses by the endocannabinoid system in periodontal ligament cells and microglia. Head Face Med 2020; 16:26. [PMID: 33190638 PMCID: PMC7667774 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-020-00244-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells initiate local immune responses, similar to microglia regulating primary host defense mechanisms in neuroinflammatory events of the central nervous system. As these two cell types manifest similarities in their immunomodulatory behavior, this study investigated the thesis that the immunological features of PDL cells might be modulated by the endocannabinoid system, as seen for microglia. Methods A human PDL cell line and an Embryonic stem cell-derived microglia (ESdM) cell line were grown in n = 6 experimental groups each, incubated with cannabinoid receptor agonists arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) (50 μM) or Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) (50 μM) and challenged with centrifugation-induced inflammation (CII) for 6 and 10 h. Untreated samples served as controls. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was applied for gene expression analyses of inflammatory cytokines, cannabinoid receptors and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA-1). Microglia marker gene IBA-1 was additionally verified on protein level in PDL cells via immunocytochemistry. Proliferation was determined with a colorimetric assay (WST-1 based). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results IBA-1 was inherently expressed in PDL cells both at the transcriptional and protein level. AEA counteracted pathological changes in cell morphology of PDL cells and microglia caused by CII, and PEA contrarily enhanced them. On transcriptional level, AEA significantly downregulated inflammation in CII specimens more than 100-fold, while PEA accessorily upregulated them. CII reduced cell proliferation in a time-dependent manner, synergistically reinforced by PEA decreasing cell numbers to 0.05-fold in PDL cells and 0.025-fold in microglia compared to controls. Conclusion PDL cells and microglia exhibit similar features in CII with host-protective effects for AEA through dampening inflammation and preserving cellular integrity. In both cell types, PEA exacerbated proinflammatory effects. Thus, the endocannabinoid system might be a promising target in the regulation of periodontal host response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Jäger
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Maria Setiawan
- Department of Integrated Oncology, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eva Beins
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, D-53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ingo Schmidt-Wolf
- Department of Integrated Oncology, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna Konermann
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany.
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Lee SA, Park BR, Moon SM, Shin SH, Kim JS, Kim DK, Kim CS. Cynaroside protects human periodontal ligament cells from lipopolysaccharide-induced damage and inflammation through suppression of NF-κB activation. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 120:104944. [PMID: 33099251 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether cynaroside protects human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced damage and inflammation and to analyze the underlying mechanism. METHODS LPS was used to stimulate hPDL and RAW264.7 cells. MTT assay was used to detect cell viability, and protein expression levels were measured via western blot analysis. Nitrite oxide and prostaglandin E2 were used to quantify the inflammatory response. Alizarin Red S staining was used to detect mineralized nodules. RESULTS Cynaroside inhibited the expression of iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated hPDL and RAW264.7 cells without cytotoxicity. Furthermore, cynaroside significantly suppressed LPS-induced protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase 3. Additionally, cynaroside prevented LPS-induced NF-κB p65 subunit translocation to the nucleus by inhibiting the phosphorylation and degradation of IκB-α. Moreover, cynaroside could restore the mineralization ability of hPDL cells reduced by LPS. CONCLUSION Cynaroside protected hPDL cells from LPS-induced damage and inflammation via inhibition of NF-κB activation. These results suggest that cynaroside may be a potential therapeutic agent for the alleviation of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul Ah Lee
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Ram Park
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health and Welfare, Kyungwoon University, 730, Gangdong-ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39160, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Moon
- CStech Research Institute, 38 Chumdanventuresoro, Gwangju, 61007, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hun Shin
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kim
- Oral Biology Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Kyung Kim
- Oral Biology Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Sung Kim
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea.
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Li Y, Shrestha A, Zhang H, Li L, Li D, Fu T, Song J, Ji P, Huang Y, Chen T. Impact of diabetes mellitus simulations on bone cell behavior through in vitro models. J Bone Miner Metab 2020; 38:607-619. [PMID: 32415376 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-020-01101-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is related to impaired bone healing and an increased risk of bone fractures. While it is recognized that osteogenic differentiation and the function of osteoblasts are suppressed in DM, the influence of DM on osteoclasts is still unclear. Hyperglycemia and inflammatory environment are the hallmark of DM that causes dysregulation of various pro-inflammatory cytokines and alternated gene expression in periodontal ligament cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts, and osteoclast precursors. A methodological review on conceptual and practical implications of in vitro study models is used for DM simulation on bone cells. Several major databases were screened to find literature related to the study objective. Published literature within last 20 years that used in vitro DM-simulated models to study how DM affects the cellular behavior of bone cells were selected for this review. Studies utilizing high glucose and serum acquired from diabetic animals are the mainly used methods to simulate the diabetic condition. The combination with various simulating factors such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been reported in diabetic situations in vitro, as well. Through screening procedure, it was evident DM-simulated conditions exerted negative impact on bone-related cells. However, inconsistent results were found among different reported studies, which could be due to variation in culture conditions, concentrations of the stimulating factors and cell lineage, etc. This manuscript has concisely reviewed currently existing DM-simulated in vitro models and provides valuable insights of detailed components in simulating DM conditions in vitro. Studies using DM-simulated microenvironment revealed that in vitro simulation negatively impacted periodontal ligament cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts, and osteoclast precursors. Contrarily, studies also indicated beneficial influence on bone-related cells when such conditions are reversed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Li
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, 426#Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, P.R. China
| | - Annie Shrestha
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, 426#Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, P.R. China
| | - Lingjie Li
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, 426#Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, P.R. China
| | - Dize Li
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, 426#Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, P.R. China
| | - Tiwei Fu
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, 426#Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, P.R. China
| | - Jinlin Song
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, 426#Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, P.R. China
| | - Ping Ji
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, 426#Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, P.R. China
| | - Yuanding Huang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, 426#Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, P.R. China.
| | - Tao Chen
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, 426#Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, P.R. China.
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Li Y, Sun C, Feng G, He Y, Li J, Song J. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound activates autophagy in periodontal ligament cells in the presence or absence of lipopolysaccharide. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 117:104769. [PMID: 32599516 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine if low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) activates autophagy in human periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) irrespective of lipopolysaccharide. DESIGN Six groups were designed: control, LIPUS, lipopolysaccharide, LIPUS + lipopolysaccharide, LIPUS+3-Methyladenine, LIPUS + lipopolysaccharide+3-Methyl- adenine. LIPUS pretreated PDLCs for 2 h and lipopolysaccharide treated for different times. Real-time PCR and Western-blot were performed to evaluate mRNA and protein expression levels of autophagic genes Beclin-1 and LC3 respectively. A transmission electronic microscope was used to observe the autophagosome. ELISA was used to test interleukin-6 expression. RESULTS Compared with the non-treatment, LIPUS pretreatment increased mRNA expression levels of LC3 (P < 0.05) and Beclin-1 (P < 0.05) at 4 h and 8 h, and enhanced the protein expression levels of LC3-Ⅱ at 8 h (P<0.05) and Beclin-1 at 4 h, 8 h and 16 h(P<0.05). After LIPUS pretreatment and lipopolysaccharide treatment for 8 h, LC3-Ⅱ and Beclin-1 protein expression levels were elevated (P < 0.05) compared with the control. Following further treatment by 3-Methyladenine, Beclin-1 protein expression was decreased (P < 0.05) compared with the LIPUS plus lipopolysaccharide group, but LC3-Ⅱ protein expression was not. Autophagosomes were not found in the LIPUS+3-Methyladenine and LIPUS+lipopolysaccharide+3-Methyladenine groups. After LIPUS pretreatment and lipopolysaccharide treatment for 36 h, intreleukin-6 expression was decreased (P<0.05) compared with the lipopolysaccharide group. However, after addition of 3-Methyladenine, intreleukin-6 expression was elevated (P < 0.05) compared with the LIPUS +lipopolysaccharide group. CONCLUSIONS LIPUS can promote autophagy in PDLCs irrespective of lipopolysaccharide. Autophagy might be involved in LIPUS anti-inflammatory mechanism in PDLCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, PR China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engisneering of Higher Education, PR China
| | - Chengjun Sun
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, PR China
| | - Ge Feng
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
| | - Yao He
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, PR China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engisneering of Higher Education, PR China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, PR China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engisneering of Higher Education, PR China
| | - Jinlin Song
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, PR China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engisneering of Higher Education, PR China.
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Jäger A, Heim N, Kramer FJ, Setiawan M, Peitz M, Konermann A. A novel serum-free medium for the isolation, expansion and maintenance of stemness and tissue-specific markers of primary human periodontal ligament cells. Ann Anat 2020; 231:151517. [PMID: 32229241 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2020.151517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Periodontal ligament (PDL) cell cultures are classically maintained in serum-containing media. However, unwanted side-effects of these conditions on cellular and molecular characteristics demand a serum-free alternative. Even though these limitations are well known and efforts for the development of adequate serum-free alternatives have been made, these approaches for replacement remained unsuccessful so far. This study aimed at developing a well-defined, serum-free formulation supporting both isolation from tissue samples and efficient expansion of PDL cells. Here, of particular focus was the perpetuation of tissue-characteristic markers detectable in primary tissues and of stemness features. BASIC PROCEDURES Primary PDL cell cultures from generally healthy human donors (n = 3) were maintained in basal media N2B27 and E6 together with different concentrations of growth and attachment factors. Cell proliferation was recorded via microscopy and WST assay. Gene expression of RUNX2, Periostin, ALP, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD45, SOX10 and SOX2 was compared to primary PDL explants via qRT-PCR. Immunocytochemistry was performed for anti-CD105, SSEA-3, CD271, HNK1. Serum-containing sDMEM medium served as control. MAIN FINDINGS N2B27 medium substituted with 25 ng/mL EGF, 25 ng/mL IGF1, 0.5 mg/mL Fetuin plus gelatine coating (designated N2B27-PDLsf) emerged as potent serum-free formulation ensuring adequate culture isolation and expansion. Here, PDL primary tissue signature markers RUNX2 and Periostin remained stable in N2B27-PDLsf compared to controls (229.0-fold ±101.0 and 83.2-fold ±9.6 increase). Additionally, stemness markers ALP and CD105 were significantly upregulated on transcriptional, and CD105 and SOX2 on protein level. PRINCIPAL CONCLUSIONS This investigation identified a novel serum-free medium for the isolation, and expansion of primary human PDL cells with constantly high proliferation rates. Here, purity and stemness properties are maintained. Thus, N2B27-PDLsf represents a valid replacement for serum-containing media in PDL cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jäger
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - N Heim
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - F J Kramer
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - M Setiawan
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - M Peitz
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - A Konermann
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany.
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Thattaruparambil Raveendran N, Vaquette C, Meinert C, Samuel Ipe D, Ivanovski S. Optimization of 3D bioprinting of periodontal ligament cells. Dent Mater 2019; 35:1683-94. [PMID: 31601443 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.08.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting of cells is an emerging area of research but has been not explored yet in the context of periodontal tissue engineering. OBJECTIVE This study reports on the optimisation of the 3D bioprinting of periodontal ligament cells for potential application in periodontal regeneration. METHODS We systematically investigated the printability of various concentrations of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel precursor using a microextrusion based three-dimensional (3D) printer. The influence of different printing parameters such as photoinitiator concentration, UV exposure, pressure and dispensing needle diameter on the viability of periodontal ligament cells encapsulated within the 3D bioprinted construct were subsequently assessed. RESULTS This systematic evaluation enabled the selection of the most suited printing conditions for achieving high printing resolution, dimensional stability and cell viability for 3D bioprinting of periodontal ligament cells. SIGNIFICANCE The optimised bioprinting system is the first step towards to the reproducible manufacturing of cell laden, space maintaining scaffolds for the treatment of periodontal lesions.
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26
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Kim DH, Kundu J, Chae IG, Lee JK, Heo JS, Chun KS. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles induce COX-2 expression through ROS generation in human periodontal ligament cells. J Toxicol Sci 2019; 44:335-345. [PMID: 31068539 DOI: 10.2131/jts.44.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) are used to improve the aesthetic of toothpaste. While TiO2-NPs have been used safely in toothpaste products for a long time, there haven't been studies to determine whether absorption of TiO2-NPs by the mucous membranes in the mouth induces pathogenic conditions. Here, we assessed whether TiO2-NPs induce cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the pro-inflammatory effect of TiO2-NPs on human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. Treatment of PDL cells with TiO2-NPs led to induction of both COX-2 mRNA and protein expression. TiO2-NPs stimulated the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) as well as its DNA binding by inducing phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of the inhibitory protein IκBα in PDL cells. TiO2-NPs treatment resulted in rapid activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and Akt, which could be upstream of NF-κB. Treatment of PDL cells with both the MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 and the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 strongly attenuated TiO2-NPs-induced activation of NF-κB, and also the expression of COX-2. PDL cells treated with TiO2-NPs exhibited increased accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Pretreatment of cells with ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) abrogated the stimulatory effect of TiO2-NPs on p65, p50, and COX-2 expression. In conclusion, ROS, concomitantly overproduced by TiO2-NPs, induce COX-2 expression through activation of NF-κB signaling, which may contribute to the inflammatory effect of PDL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Hee Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, South Korea
| | - Juthika Kundu
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, South Korea.,Current affiliation: LiKa Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Jong Kwon Lee
- Toxicological Screening and Testing Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Korea Food and Drug Administration, South Korea
| | - Jung Sun Heo
- Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, South Korea
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Frank D, Cser A, Kolarovszki B, Farkas N, Miseta A, Nagy T. Mechanical stress alters protein O-GlcNAc in human periodontal ligament cells. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:6251-6259. [PMID: 31237748 PMCID: PMC6714205 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a post-translational modification of intracellular proteins that regulates several physiological and pathophysiological process, including response to various stressors. However, O-GlcNAc's response to mechanical stress has not been investigated yet. As human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells are stimulated by compression force during orthodontic tooth movement that results in structural remodelling, in this study we investigated whether mechanical stress induces any alteration in protein O-GlcNAc in PDL cells. In this study, PDL cells isolated from premolars extracted for orthodontic indications were exposed to 0, 1.5, 3, 7 and 14 g/cm2 compression forces for 12 hours. Cell viability was measured by flow cytometry, and protein O-GlcNAc was analysed by Western blot. Cellular structure and intracellular distribution of O-GlcNAc was studied by immunofluorescence microscopy. We found that between 1.5 and 3 g/cm2 mechanical compression, O-GlcNAc significantly elevated; however, at higher forces O-GlcNAc level was not increased. We also found that intracellular localization of O-GlcNAc proteins became more centralized under 2 g/cm2 compression force. Our results suggest that structural changes stimulated by compression forces have a significant effect on the regulation of O-GlcNAc; thus, it might play a role in the mechanical stress adaptation of PDL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorottya Frank
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Annamária Cser
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Béla Kolarovszki
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Nelli Farkas
- Institute of Bioanalysis, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Attila Miseta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Nagy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Wu Y, Ou Y, Liao C, Liang S, Wang Y. High-throughput sequencing analysis of the expression profile of microRNAs and target genes in mechanical force-induced osteoblastic/cementoblastic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:3398-3411. [PMID: 31312353 PMCID: PMC6614645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical tension force directs the lineage commitment of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) to osteogenesis; however, the underlying mechanisms, especially those at the post-transcriptional level, remain unclear. In the present study, we developed an in vitro force-loading model for PDLCs. Then, high-throughput sequencing was used to identify the expression profile of microRNAs (miRNAs) for stretched PDLCs. The candidate target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted by bioinformatics analysis. A total of 47 miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in stretched and non-stretched PDLCs; of these, 31 were upregulated and 16 were downregulated. Further, 9 osteogenesis-related miRNAs (miR-221-3p, miR-138-5p, miR-132-3p, miR-218-5p, miR-133a-3p, miR-145-3p, miR-143-5p, miR-486-3p, and miR-21-3p) were validated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway analysis were then carried out to reveal the potential functions of predicted target genes. Among the top 20 enriched pathways, the Hippo signaling pathway was selected for further functional analysis. Several important components of the Hippo signaling pathway, including YAP1, WWTR1, TEAD2, CTGF, DVL2, GDF5, GLI2, LIMD1, WTIP, LATS1, and TEAD1, were predicted to be target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs and were determined to be upregulated in stretched PDLCs. Among them, YAP1, WWTR1, TEAD2, CTGF, DVL2, and GDF5 were positive regulators of osteogenesis. These findings may provide a reliable reference for future studies to elucidate the biological mechanisms of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan UniversityWuhan, PR China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan UniversityWuhan, PR China
| | - Yanjing Ou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan UniversityWuhan, PR China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan UniversityWuhan, PR China
| | - Chufang Liao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan UniversityWuhan, PR China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan UniversityWuhan, PR China
| | - Shanshan Liang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan UniversityWuhan, PR China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan UniversityWuhan, PR China
| | - Yining Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan UniversityWuhan, PR China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan UniversityWuhan, PR China
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Kadokura H, Yamazaki T, Masuda Y, Kato Y, Hasegawa A, Sakagami H, Yokose S. Establishment of a Primary Culture System of Human Periodontal Ligament Cells that Differentiate into Cementum Protein 1-expressing Cementoblast-like Cells. In Vivo 2019; 33:349-352. [PMID: 30804111 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM A better understanding of cementogenesis and cementoblast differentiation would be useful for periodontal therapy. The aim of this study was to establish a cell culture system that reflects cementum formation in periodontal tissue and determine whether or not isolated and cultured primary human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells could be used for the study of the differentiation of cementoblast. MATERIALS AND METHODS PDL cells were isolated from the outgrowths of tissue fragments of human PDL. PDL cells were incubated for up to 21 days in differentiation medium containing β-glycerophosphate and ascorbic acid. The changes in the cells were detected by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and von Kossa staining. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was also performed for cementum protein 1 (CEMP1), which is a specific marker of cementoblasts and their progenitors. RESULTS On day 5, a small number of PDL cells, which were fibrous, were positive for ALP. On day 7, almost all cells were positive for ALP. On day 14, mineralization nodules appeared, as seen by positive von Kossa staining; the nodules increased in number and size by day 21. The expression of CEMP1 was detected on day 5, and its expression level increased gradually by day 7, reached a peak on day 14, and decreased by day 21. CONCLUSION Human PDL cells were used to establish a culture system that reflects cementum formation. Our results suggested that this culture method is convenient and useful for the study of cementogenesis and cementoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kadokura
- Division of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative and Biomaterial Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takahide Yamazaki
- Division of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative and Biomaterial Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Masuda
- Division of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative and Biomaterial Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuka Kato
- Division of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative and Biomaterial Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akihiko Hasegawa
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Comprehensive Medical Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sakagami
- Meikai University Research Institute of Odontology (M-RIO), Saitama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yokose
- Division of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative and Biomaterial Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
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Spinell T, Saliter J, Hackl B, Unger K, Hickel R, Folwaczny M. In-vitro cytocompatibility and growth factor content of GBR/GTR membranes. Dent Mater 2019; 35:963-969. [PMID: 31056222 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the cytocompatibility of five commercially available xenogenic barrier membranes used for oral regenerative procedures and to determine the growth factor content of these membranes in-vitro. METHODS Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and immortalized periodontal ligament stem cells (PDL-hTERTs) were used to determine the cytocompatibility of xenogenic barrier membranes made of collagen (Biogide, BG, Geistlich Pharma AG, Switzerland; Biomend, BM, Zimmer Biomet, USA; Osseoguard OG, Zimmer Biomet, USA; OssixPlus, OX, Datum Dental, Israel) or extracellular matrix (ECM) (Dynamatrix, DM, Keystone Dental, USA) and of their eluates obtained by washing. Cells were cultured with previously washed and unwashed membranes (n=4) and in the medium used for washing (eluate). Cell proliferation at 3 days (eluates) and at 7 days (membranes) was assessed using the WST-1 cell proliferation kit. Growth factor content of the membranes was measured using multiplex ELISA. RESULTS The eluate of BG and BM significantly inhibited proliferation of hMSCs, whereas DM and OX showed stimulating effects. The highest impact was observed for DM, its eluate doubled the cell proliferation of adherent cells when compared to the control (p<0.001). The eluate of OG did not influence eluate cell cultures (p>0.05). The presence of membranes had different impact on hMSCs and PDLs. hMSCs seem to be more resistant to the inhibitory effects of BG, OG and BM. hMSCs are only affected by OX, which actually stimulates hMSCs when the specimens are not washed previously. PDLs however proliferate significantly less once they are placed into culture with BM and OG as well as BG-not washed. Once BG is washed no inhibitory effect on PDLs was observed, however overall the washing of membrane samples prior to the placement into the cell culture did hardly have any effect on the outcome. The strongest inhibition of proliferation was shown with the BM and OG membrane in PDL-hTERTs (p<0.001). Growth factor contents were quite similar quantitatively and qualitatively among the tested membranes with concentrations in the range of 50-500 pg/ml. Intriguingly DM contained considerably higher amounts of bFGF with up to 8000 pg/ml. SIGNIFICANCE The collagen membranes cross-linked with aldehydes show poor outcomes in PDLs while the collagen membrane cross-linked with polysaccharides generally shows promising results similar to the ECM-membrane DM in both membrane and eluate tests. The findings may be due to various factors, especially differences observed in composition, processing and bFGF content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Spinell
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestr. 70, 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Julia Saliter
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestr. 70, 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Brigitte Hackl
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestr. 70, 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Kristian Unger
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Ingolstaedter-Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Reinhard Hickel
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestr. 70, 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Matthias Folwaczny
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestr. 70, 80336 Munich, Germany.
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Wang YF, Zuo ZH, Luo P, Pang FS, Hu JT. The effect of cyclic tensile force on the actin cytoskeleton organization and morphology of human periodontal ligament cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 506:950-955. [PMID: 30401563 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To explore Girdin/Akt pathway protein expression and morphology change by cyclic tension in the periodontal ligament cells. Human periodontal ligament cells were exposed to cyclic tension force at 4000 μstrain and 0.5 Hz for 6 h though a four-point bending system. Cyclic tension force upregulated F-actin, Girdin and Akt expression in hPDL. In transmission electron microscope assay showed that there are more and bigger mitochondria, more and longer cynapses, more cellular organisms after tension force stimulation than control. The actin filament was changed to be regular lines and pointed to poles of cells. However, we found that the Girdin-depleted cells are small and there are more micro-organisms including more lysosomes and matrix vesicles than control. These finding suggest that the STAT3/Girdin/Akt pathway in PDL to response to mechanical stimulation as well, and Girdin may play a significant role in triggering cell proliferation and migration during orthodontic treatment. It provided an insight into the molecular basis for development of a vitro cell model in studying orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Zuo
- Department of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Stomatology, The People's Hospital of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Chuxiong, 675000, Yunnan, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Pang
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, The First Hospital of Qujing, Qujing, 655000, Yunan, China
| | - Jiang-Tian Hu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
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Wang Y, Qiu Y, Li J, Zhao C, Song J. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound promotes alveolar bone regeneration in a periodontal injury model. Ultrasonics 2018; 90:166-172. [PMID: 30049446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common oral disease characterized by progressive destruction of periodontal tissue and loss of teeth. However, regeneration of periodontal tissue is a time-consuming process. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is a widely used non-invasive intervention for enhancing bone healing in fractures and non-unions. With the hypothesis that LIPUS may accelerate periodontal regeneration, the effects of LIPUS on periodontal tissue regeneration were investigated both in vitro and in vivo. LIPUS (90 mw/cm2, 20 min/d, 1.5 MHz) was applied to stimulate dog periodontal ligament cells (dPDLCS). The mRNA expression of BSP (P < 0.05), OPN (P < 0.05) and COL3 (P < 0.05) was increased significantly in the LIPUS group. The positive stained mineralized nodules by alizarin red in the LIPUS group were greater than in the control group (P < 0.05). Eight male beagle dogs were divided into 4 groups: guided tissue regeneration (GTR) group (G1), LIPUS + GTR group (G2), LIPUS group (G3), and control group (G4, no treatment). A 4 × 5 mm2 defect was created in the buccal alveolar bone. The modeling areas in the G2 and G3 groups were then exposed to LIPUS. Eight weeks after surgery, histological assessment indicated increased periodontal tissue in the LIPUS + GTR group. Micro computed tomography (micro-CT) showed that the regenerated bone volume (BV) in the G2 was significantly higher than that in the G1, G3 and G4 groups (P < 0.05). The bone surface (BS) trabecular number (Tb.N) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) in G2 were markedly higher than in G4 (P < 0.05). It is concluded that LIPUS + GTR can accelerate new alveolar bone formation, with a prospective for promoting periodontal tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunji Wang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, North Songshi Road #426, 401147 Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, China, North Songshi Road #426, 401147 Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, North Songshi Road #426, 401147 Chongqing, China
| | - Ye Qiu
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, North Songshi Road #426, 401147 Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, China, North Songshi Road #426, 401147 Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, North Songshi Road #426, 401147 Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Li
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, North Songshi Road #426, 401147 Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, China, North Songshi Road #426, 401147 Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, North Songshi Road #426, 401147 Chongqing, China
| | - Chunliang Zhao
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Medical College Road #1, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Jinlin Song
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, North Songshi Road #426, 401147 Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, China, North Songshi Road #426, 401147 Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, North Songshi Road #426, 401147 Chongqing, China.
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Xue N, Qi L, Zhang G, Zhang Y. miRNA-125b Regulates Osteogenic Differentiation of Periodontal Ligament Cells Through NKIRAS2/NF-κB Pathway. Cell Physiol Biochem 2018; 48:1771-1781. [PMID: 30078007 DOI: 10.1159/000492350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Osteogenesis of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCS) is essential for alveolar bone repair. Varieties of factors have been found involved in the regulation of PDLCs osteoblast differentiation. Aim of this study was to identify microRNA as a regulator of the os-teogenic differentiation of PDLCs. METHODS The CD markers were analyzed by flow cytometry analysis. Osteoblast differentiation of PDLCs was induced by treatment with dexamethasone, β-glycerol phosphate and α-ascorbic acid. The expression of osteoblastic phenotype was evaluated after the induction by simultaneous monitoring of alkaline phosphatase activity, the expression of genes involved in osteoblastic differentiation by RT-qPCR and Western Blot, and mineralization at the same time. MicroRNA and NKIRAS2 expression was determined by RT-qPCR. Luciferase reporter assays were performed to test whether miR-125b is capable of interacting with the 3'UTR sequence of NKIRAS2. The possible signaling pathway was determined by Western Blot. RESULTS In this study, we found that the expression of miR-125b was down regulated during the process of ostoblast differentiation of PDLCs. When the expression of miR-125b was up regulated, the osteogenic differentiation of PDLCs was inhibited. During this process, the over-expressed miR-125b led to the activation of NF-κB. NF-κB inhibitor interacting RAS-like 2 (NKIRAS2) is one of target gene of miR-125b, and it is a regulator of NF-κB signaling that plays various roles in osteoblastic differentiation. We demonstrate thatmiR-125b is involved in osteogenic differentiation of PDLCs. CONCLUSION Our data support the hypothesis that that miR-125b attenuates PDLCs osteoblastic differentiation by targeting NKIRAS2 and enhancing NF-κB signaling.
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Yamamoto T, Ugawa Y, Kawamura M, Yamashiro K, Kochi S, Ideguchi H, Takashiba S. Modulation of microenvironment for controlling the fate of periodontal ligament cells: the role of Rho/ROCK signaling and cytoskeletal dynamics. J Cell Commun Signal 2018; 12:369-378. [PMID: 29086204 PMCID: PMC5842188 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-017-0425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells behave in a variety of ways when they perceive changes in their microenvironment; the behavior of cells is guided by their coordinated interactions with growth factors, niche cells, and extracellular matrix (ECM). Modulation of the microenvironment affects the cell morphology and multiple gene expressions. Rho/Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase (ROCK) signaling is one of the key regulators of cytoskeletal dynamics and actively and/or passively determines the cell fate, such as proliferation, migration, differentiation, and apoptosis, by reciprocal communication with the microenvironment. During periodontal wound healing, it is important to recruit the residential stem cells into the defect site for regeneration and homeostasis of the periodontal tissue. Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells contain a heterogeneous fibroblast population, including mesenchymal stem cells, and contribute to the reconstruction of tooth-supporting tissues. Therefore, bio-regeneration of PDL cells has been the ultimate goal of periodontal therapy for decades. Recent stem cell researches have shed light on intrinsic ECM properties, providing paradigm shifts in cell fate determination. This review focuses on the role of ROCK activity and the effects of Y-27632, a specific inhibitor of ROCK, in the modulation of ECM-microenvironment. Further, it presents the current understanding of how Rho/ROCK signaling affects the fate determination of stem cells, especially PDL cells. In addition, we have also discussed in detail the underlying mechanisms behind the reciprocal response to the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Yamamoto
- Department of Pathophysiology - Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Yuki Ugawa
- Department of Pathophysiology - Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Mari Kawamura
- Department of Pathophysiology - Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yamashiro
- Department of Pathophysiology - Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kochi
- Department of Pathophysiology - Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Ideguchi
- Department of Pathophysiology - Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Shogo Takashiba
- Department of Pathophysiology - Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan.
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Barrera-Ortega CC, Hoz-Rodríguez L, Arzate H, Fonseca-García A, Pérez-Alvarez J, Rodil SE. Comparison of the osteogenic, adipogenic, chondrogenic and cementogenic differentiation potential of periodontal ligament cells cultured on different biomaterials. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2017; 76:1075-1084. [PMID: 28482471 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that the cellular responses such as adhesion, proliferation and differentiation are influenced by the surface properties, such as the topography or the surface energy. However, less is known about the effect of the chemical composition and type of material on the differentiation potential. The objective of the present paper is to compare the differentiation potential of periodontal ligament cells (HPLC) into adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondroblasts and cementoblasts of three type of materials (metals, ceramics and polymers) without using any biological induction media, but keeping the average roughness values within a limited range of 2.0-3.0μm. The samples were produced as discs of 14×2mm; (n=30 for each type of material). Two samples of each type were chosen; stainless-steel 316L and commercially pure titanium for the metallic samples. The polymers were polymethyl methacrylate and high-density polyethylene, and finally for the ceramics; zirconia and dental porcelain were used. The surfaces properties of the samples (wettability, chemical composition and point of zero charge, PZC) were measured in order to correlate them with the biological response. To evaluate the potential of differentiation, human periodontal ligament cells obtained from extracted teeth were used since they are a promising source for periodontal tissue regeneration. Cell proliferation was initially tested to assure non-toxic effects using a viability colorimetric assay. Finally, the differentiation pattern was evaluated using real time reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction for 5, 10 and 15days without adding any induction medium. The results indicated that the relative expression of genes related to a particular phenotype were different for each surface. However, not clear correlation between the type of material or their surface properties (morphology, chemical composition, wettability or point of zero charge) and the expression pattern could be identified. For example, bone markers were mainly expressed on cpTi and PMMA; one metallic hydrophobic and one polymeric hydrophilic sample which have similar Ra values but presented different topographical features, although both samples have in common a PZC below 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Barrera-Ortega
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México CDMX, México; Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Odontológicas y de la Salud, UNAM, Unidad de Posgrado, Zona Cultural de Ciudad Universitaria, México CDMX 04510, México
| | - L Hoz-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México CDMX, México
| | - H Arzate
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México CDMX, México
| | - A Fonseca-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México CDMX, México; Posgrado en Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales, UNAM, Unidad de Posgrado, Edificio C, Piso 1, Zona Cultural de CU, México CDMX 04510, México
| | - J Pérez-Alvarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México CDMX, México
| | - S E Rodil
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México CDMX, México.
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Jian CX, Fan QS, Hu YH, He Y, Li MZ, Zheng WY, Ren Y, Li CJ. Effects of rhBMP-2 gene transfection to periodontal ligament cells on osteogenesis. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20160585. [PMID: 28396514 DOI: 10.1042/BSR20160585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the effect of recombinant human bone
morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) on the osteogenesis of periodontal ligament (PDL)
cells. The expression vector of rhBMP-2 (pcDNA3.1-rhBMP-2) was established. PDL cells
were obtained through the enzymatic digestion and tissue explant methods and verified
by immunohistochemistry. Cells were classified into experimental (cells transfected
with pcDNA3.1/rhBMP-2-EGFP), blank (cells with no transfection) and control
group (cells transfected with empty plasmid). rhBMP-2 expression was assessed via
Western blotting analysis. The mineralization ability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
activity and level of related osteogenic biomarkers were detected to evaluate the
osteogenic characteristics of PDL cells. The rhBMP-2 expression vector
(pcDNA3.1-rhBMP-2) was successfully established. Primary PDL cells displayed a star
or long, spindle shape. The cultured cells were long, spindle-shaped, had a plump
cell body and homogeneous cytoplasm and the ellipse nucleus contained two or three
nucleoli. Cells displayed a radial, sheaf-like or eddy-like arrangement after
adherence growth. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed that cells originated from
mesenchymal opposed to epithelium. The experimental group exhibited an enhanced
mineralization ability, higher ALP activity and increased expression of rhBMP-2 and
osteogenic biomarkers (Runx2, collagen type I and osteocalcin) than the blank and
control group. The present study demonstrated that rhBMP-2 transfection enhances the
osteogenesis of PDL cells and provides a possibility for the application of rhBMP-2
expression products in dental disease treatment.
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Svensson D, Aidoukovitch A, Anders E, Jönsson D, Nebel D, Nilsson BO. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor regulates human periodontal ligament cell production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Inflamm Res 2017; 66:823-31. [PMID: 28597116 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-017-1062-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Regulation of immune-like cell properties of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells is not understood. We investigate the importance of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) for production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human PDL cells. Materials and methods PDL cells were isolated from teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons. Cellular location of SLPI was investigated by immunocytochemistry. Cytokine transcript and protein expression were assessed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting. SLPI gene activity was knocked-down by siRNA. NF-κB signaling was assessed by measuring IκBα, and phosphorylated p65 and p105 protein expression. Results PDL cells showed cytoplasmic expression of SLPI. Cellular expression level of SLPI negatively correlated to LPS-induced stimulation of IL-6 and MCP-1. Both SLPI gene activity and protein were reduced by about 70% in PDL cells treated with SLPI siRNA compared to cells treated with non-coding construct. Treatment with SLPI siRNA was associated with up-regulation of both basal and LPS-stimulated IL-6, MCP-1 and TLRs mRNA expression. The up-regulation of MCP-1 transcript in SLPI siRNA-treated cells was confirmed on protein level. SLPI siRNA-treatment enhanced the phosphorylated NF-κB p105 protein expression. Conclusions SLPI regulates PDL cell pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and modulates NF-κB signaling, suggesting that SLPI governs the immune cell-like properties of PDL cells.
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Is Khinda V, Kaur G, S Brar G, Kallar S, Khurana H. Clinical and Practical Implications of Storage Media used for Tooth Avulsion. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017; 10:158-165. [PMID: 28890616 PMCID: PMC5571385 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Replantation is being widely accepted as an effective treatment option for an avulsed tooth. However, the long-term fate of replanted teeth is unpredictable; it is dependent on various factors, such as the time interval between avulsion and replantation, extra-alveolar storage period (dry storage or storage media), the vitality status of pulp or periodontal tissues and the type and period of splinting. The appropriate use of storage media is an important clinical factor affecting the postoperative prognosis of avulsed teeth following replantation. Hank's balanced salt solution and pasteurized milk are considered to be the most appropriate and clinically recommended storage media for avulsed teeth. The present review discusses the various available storage media for avulsed teeth and their potential maintenance of the vitality of periodontal ligament cells. A brief overview of the effect of clinical factors, such as the storage time, pH, and the osmolar-ity of storage media on their efficacy is included. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE Khinda VIS, Kaur G, Brar GS, Kallar S, Khurana H. Clinical and Practical Implications of Storage Media used for Tooth Avulsion. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017; 10(2): 158-165.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Is Khinda
- Professor and Head, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Genesis Institute of Dental Sciences & Research, Ferozepur, Punjab India
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Genesis Institute of Dental Sciences & Research, Ferozepur, Punjab India
| | - Gurlal S Brar
- Reader, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Genesis Institute of Dental Sciences & Research, Ferozepur, Punjab India
| | - Shiminder Kallar
- Reader, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Genesis Institute of Dental Sciences & Research, Ferozepur, Punjab India
| | - Heena Khurana
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Genesis Institute of Dental Sciences & Research, Ferozepur, Punjab India
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Konermann A, Jäger A, Held SAE, Brossart P, Schmöle A. In vivo and In vitro Identification of Endocannabinoid Signaling in Periodontal Tissues and Their Potential Role in Local Pathophysiology. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017; 37:1511-1520. [PMID: 28289947 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0482-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) with its binding receptors CB1 and CB2 impacts multiple pathophysiologies not only limited to neuronal psychoactivity. CB1 is assigned to cerebral neuron action, whereas CB2 is mainly expressed in different non-neuronal tissues and associated with immunosuppressive effects. Based on these tissue-selective CB receptor roles, it was the aim of this study to analyze potential expression in periodontal tissues under physiological conditions and inflammatory states. In vivo, CB receptor expression was investigated on human periodontal biopsies with or without bacterial inflammation and on rat maxillae with or without sterile inflammation. In vitro analyses were performed on human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells at rest or under mechanical strain via qRT-PCR, Western blot, and immunocytochemistry. P < 0.05 was set statistical significant. In vivo, CB1 expression was significantly higher in healthy PDL structures compared to CB2 (13.5% ± 1.3 of PDL tissues positively stained; 7.1% ± 0.9). Bacterial inflammation effected decrease in CB1 (9.7% ± 2.4), but increase in CB2 (14.7% ± 2.5). In contrast, sterile inflammation caused extensive CB1 (40% ± 1.9) and CB2 (41.7% ± 2.2) accumulations evenly distributed in the tooth surrounding PDL. In vitro, CB2 was ubiquitously expressed on gene and protein level. CB1 was constitutively expressed on transcriptional level (0.41% ± 0.09), even higher than CB2 (0.29% ± 0.06), but undetectable on protein level. Analyses further revealed expression changes of both receptors in mechanically loaded PDL cells. CB1 and CB2 are varyingly expressed in periodontal tissues, both adjusted by different entities of periodontal inflammation and by mechanical stress. This indicates potential ECS function as regulatory tool in controlling of periodontal pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Konermann
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Andreas Jäger
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefanie A E Held
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - P Brossart
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anne Schmöle
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Huynh NCN, Everts V, Nifuji A, Pavasant P, Ampornaramveth RS. Histone deacetylase inhibition enhances in-vivo bone regeneration induced by human periodontal ligament cells. Bone 2017; 95:76-84. [PMID: 27871909 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Periodontal ligament cells have the potential to differentiate into bone forming osteoblasts and thus represent a good cellular candidate for bone regeneration. This study aimed to investigate the effect of inhibition of histone deacetylases, using the inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA), on bone regeneration by human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) in a mouse calvaria bone defect. METHODS RUNX2 protein and its acetylation was analyzed by immunoprecipitation and western blotting. The effect of TSA on osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs was investigated using in vitro 3D cultures. hPDLCs were pre-incubated with and without TSA and implanted in mouse calvaria defects with polycaprolactone/polyethylene glycol (PCL/PEG) co-polymer scaffold. Micro-CT scanning and bone histomorphometric analysis were used to quantify the amount of bone. Survival of hPDLCs as xenogenic grafts was verified by immunohistochemistry with anti-human β1-integrin. The immunological response of mice against hPDLCs xenografts was evaluated by measuring total IgG and hPDLCs-specific IgG. RESULTS Beside affecting histone protein, TSA also induced hyper-acetylation of RUNX2 which might be a crucial mechanism for enhancing osteogenesis by hPDLCs. TSA enhanced mineral deposition by hPDLCs in in vitro 3D cultures and had no effect on cell viability. In vivo bone regeneration of mouse calvaria defects was significantly enhanced by TSA pre-treated hPDLCs. By using anti-human ß1 integrin hPDLCs were shown to differentiate into osteocyte-like cells that were present in newly formed bone. hPDLCs, as a xenograft, slightly but not significantly induced an immunological response in recipient mice as demonstrated by the level of total IgG and hPDLCs-specific IgG. CONCLUSION Inhibition of histone deacetylases by TSA enhanced in vivo bone regeneration by hPDLCs. The data strongly suggest a novel approach to regenerate bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Cong-Nhat Huynh
- Mineralized Tissue Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Dental Basic Sciences, Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vincent Everts
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Research Institute MOVE, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Akira Nifuji
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Prasit Pavasant
- Mineralized Tissue Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Kim K, Jeon M, Lee HS, Park JC, Moon SJ, Kim SO, Cho SW, Song JS. Comparative analysis of secretory factors from permanent- and deciduous-teeth periodontal ligament cells. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 71:65-79. [PMID: 27448989 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies of regenerative therapies have focused on the paracrine effects of mesenchymal stem cells, but little has been revealed about the humoral factors of periodontal ligament (PDL) stem cells. The aim of this study was to identify and compare the secretory factors of human permanent- and deciduous-teeth PDL cells (P-PDL and D-PDL cells, respectively) in order to understand the characteristics of these cells and their potential applications in regenerative therapies. DESIGN Conditioned media were collected from P-PDL and D-PDL cells (P-PDL-CM and D-PDL-CM, respectively). These media were analyzed with high-performance liquid-chromatography-coupled electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry and a cytokine membrane assay. In addition, Western blot analysis was performed to verify the differences between the two media. RESULTS Cytokines related to neurogenesis (NT-3 and NT-4) and angiogenesis-related cytokines (EGF and IGF-1) were identified in P-PDL-CM. The expression levels of immune-response-related cytokines (interleukins I, II, and IV) and secreted proteins related to tissue degradation and catalytic activities (matrix metallopeptidase 1 (MMP1), Proteasome subunit, alpha type, 1 (PSMA1), and cullin 7 (CUL7)) were higher in D-PDL-CM. Vasorin (VASN) was expressed more strongly in P-PDL-CM, but tudor domain containing 7 (TDRD7) was expressed more strongly in D-PDL-CM in Western blot analysis. CONCLUSION The cytokine expressions of the two cell types showed different patterns, especially in neurogenesis and immune responses. P-PDL cells are more suitable candidates for applications in regenerative therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Blotting, Western
- Cells, Cultured
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Culture Media, Conditioned
- Cytokines/immunology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Dentition, Permanent
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Female
- Humans
- Infant
- Male
- Periodontal Ligament/cytology
- Periodontal Ligament/metabolism
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
- Tooth, Deciduous
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirim Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mijeong Jeon
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Seol Lee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Kyunghee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Chul Park
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Jun Moon
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Oh Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Won Cho
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Seon Song
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Feng L, Zhang Y, Kou X, Yang R, Liu D, Wang X, Song Y, Cao H, He D, Gan Y, Zhou Y. Cadherin-11 modulates cell morphology and collagen synthesis in periodontal ligament cells under mechanical stress. Angle Orthod 2016; 87:193-199. [PMID: 27689865 DOI: 10.2319/020716-107.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the role of cadherin-11, an integral membrane adhesion molecule, in periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) under mechanical stimulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human PDLCs were cultured and subjected to mechanical stress. Cadherin-11 expression and cell morphology of PDLCs were investigated via immunofluorescence staining. The mRNA and protein expressions of cadherin-11 and type I collagen (Col-I) of PDLCs were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, respectively. Small interfering RNA was used to knock down cadherin-11 expression in PDLCs. The collagen matrix of PDLCs was examined using toluidine blue staining. RESULTS Cadherin-11 was expressed in PDLCs. Mechanical stress suppressed cadherin-11 expression in PDLCs with prolonged force treatment time and increased force intensity, accompanied by suppressed β-catenin expression. Simultaneously, mechanical stress altered cell morphology and repressed Col-I expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner in PDLCs. Moreover, knockdown of cadherin-11 with suppressed β-catenin expression resulted in altered PDLC morphology and repressed collagen expression, which were consistent with the changes observed under mechanical stress. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study suggest that cadherin-11 is expressed in PDLCs and modulates PDLC morphology and collagen synthesis in response to mechanical stress, which may play an important role in the homeostasis and remodeling of the PDL under mechanical stimulation.
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Morikawa T, Matsuzaka K, Nakajima K, Yasumura T, Sueishi K, Inoue T. Dental pulp cells promote the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand, prostaglandin E 2 and substance P in mechanically stressed periodontal ligament cells. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 70:158-164. [PMID: 27371807 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) in periodontal ligament (PDL) cells co-cultured with dental pulp (DP) cells following mechanical stress in vitro. Furthermore, the expression of prostaglandin (PG) E2 and substance P (SP) by the PDL cells and by the DP cells were also examined. DESIGN PDL and DP cells were obtained from 10 rats. The experimental group consisted of PDL cells subjected to centrifugal force as mechanical stress and co-cultured with DP cells. The 3 control groups of PDL cells were: 1) PDL cells without mechanical stress, 2) PDL cells treated with mechanical stress and 3) PDL cells co-cultured with DP cells. The 2 control groups of DP cells were: 1) DP cells without mechanical stress and 2) DP cells co-cultured with PDL cells. In each group, both cells were examined at day 1 and day 3, and mRNA levels of RANKL by PDL cells were analyzed using Real time quantitative Reverse Transcription (RT)-PCR. Furthermore, RANKL expression was observed using Immunofluorescence staining. PGE2 and SP expression levels by PDL cells and DP cells were characterized by ELISA analysis. RESULTS The expression of RANKL by PDL cells under mechanical stress increased by co-culture with DP cells. PGE2 and SP expressions were increased in the group of PDL cells subjected to mechanical stress and co-cultured with DP cells. CONCLUSION DP cells may facilitate the expression of RANKL in PDL cells under mechanical stress via PGE2 and SP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Morikawa
- Department of Orthodontics, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Matsuzaka
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, 101-0061, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Nakajima
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, 101-0061, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yasumura
- Department of Orthodontics, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan
| | - Kenji Sueishi
- Department of Orthodontics, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan
| | - Takashi Inoue
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, 101-0061, Tokyo, Japan
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Lee SY, Yi JK, Yun HM, Bae CH, Cho ES, Lee KS, Kim EC. Expression of Caveolin-1 in Periodontal Tissue and Its Role in Osteoblastic and Cementoblastic Differentiation In Vitro. Calcif Tissue Int 2016; 98:497-510. [PMID: 26686692 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-015-0095-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
It has been previously reported that caveolin-1 (Cav-1) knockout mice exhibit increased bone size and stiffness. However, the expression and role of Cav-1 on periodontal tissue is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of Cav-1 in the mouse periodontium and explore the role of Cav-1 on osteoblastic and cementoblastic differentiation in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs), cementoblasts, and osteoblasts. To reveal the molecular mechanisms of Cav-1 activity, associated signaling pathways were also examined. Immunolocalization of Cav-1 was studied in mice periodontal tissue. Differentiation was evaluated by ALP activity, alizarin red S staining, and RT-PCR for marker genes. Signal transduction was analyzed using Western blotting and confocal microscopy. Cav-1 expression was observed in hPDLCs, cementoblasts, and osteoblasts of the periodontium both in vivo and in vitro. Inhibition of Cav-1 expression by methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) and knockdown of Cav-1 by siRNA promoted osteoblastic and cementoblastic differentiation by increasing ALP activity, calcium nodule formation, and mRNA expression of differentiation markers in hPDLCs, cementoblasts, and osteoblasts. Osteogenic medium-induced BMP-2 and BMP-7 expression, and phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 were enhanced by MβCD and siRNA knockdown of Cav-1, which was reversed by BMP inhibitor noggin. MβCD and Cav-1 siRNA knockdown increased OM-induced AMPK, Akt, GSK3β, and CREB phosphorylation, which were reversed by Ara-A, a specific AMPK inhibitor. Moreover, OM-induced activation of p38, ERK, JNK, and NF-κB was enhanced by Cav-1 inhibition. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that Cav-1 is expressed in developing periodontal tissue and in vitro in periodontal-related cells. Cav-1 inhibition positively regulates osteoblastic differentiation in hPDLCs, cementoblasts, and osteoblasts via BMP, AMPK, MAPK, and NF-κB pathway. Thus, Cav-1 inhibition may be a novel molecular target for therapeutic approaches in periodontitis or osteolytic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Youn Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC), Kyung Hee University, 14 Kyungheedae-ro Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02453, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyu Yi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Mun Yun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC), Kyung Hee University, 14 Kyungheedae-ro Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02453, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Hyeon Bae
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Sic Cho
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kook-Sun Lee
- Division of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC), Kyung Hee University, 14 Kyungheedae-ro Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02453, Republic of Korea.
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Cen SD, Yu WB, Ren MM, Chen LJ, Sun CF, Ye ZL, Deng H, Hu RD. Endogenous hydrogen sulfide is involved in osteogenic differentiation in human periodontal ligament cells. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 68:1-8. [PMID: 27035752 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has recently emerged as an important intracellular gaseous signaling molecule within cellular systems. Endogenous H2S is synthesized from l-cysteine via cystathionine β-synthase and cystathionine γ-lyase and it regulates multiple signaling pathways in mammalian cells. Indeed, aberrant H2S levels have been linked to defects in bone formation in experimental mice. The aim of this study was to examine the potential production mechanism and function of endogenous H2S within primary human periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs). DESIGN Primary human PDLCs were obtained from donor molars with volunteer permission. Immunofluorescent labeling determined expression of the H2S synthetase enzymes. These enzymes were inhibited with D,L-propargylglycine or hydroxylamine to examine the effects of H2S signaling upon the osteogenic differentiation of PDLCs. Gene and protein expression levels of osteogenic markers in conjunction with ALP staining and activity and alizarin red S staining of calcium deposition were used to assay the progression of osteogenesis under different treatment conditions. Cultures were exposed to Wnt3a treatment to assess downstream signaling mechanisms. RESULTS In this study, we show that H2S is produced by human PDLCs via the cystathionine β-synthase/cystathionine γ-lyase pathway to promote their osteogenic differentiation. These levels must be carefully maintained as excessive or deficient H2S levels temper the observed osteogenic effect by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that optimal concentrations of endogenous H2S must be maintained within PDLCs to promote osteogenic differentiation by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade.
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Konermann A, Kantarci A, Wilbert S, Van Dyke T, Jäger A. Verification of γ-Amino-Butyric Acid (GABA) Signaling System Components in Periodontal Ligament Cells In Vivo and In Vitro. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 36:1353-63. [PMID: 26865191 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0335-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CNS key neurotransmitter γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA) and its signaling components are likewise detectable in non-neuronal tissues displaying inter alia immunomodulatory functions. This study aimed at identifying potential glutamate decarboxylase (GAD)65 and GABA receptor expression in periodontal ligament (PDL) cells in vivo and in vitro, with particular regard to inflammation and mechanical loading. Gene expression was analyzed in human PDL cells at rest or in response to IL-1ß (5 ng/ml) or TNFα (5 ng/ml) challenge via qRT-PCR. Western blot determined constitutive receptor expression, and confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy visualized expression changes induced by inflammation. ELISA quantified GAD65 release. Immunocytochemistry was performed for GABA component detection in vitro on mechanically loaded PDL cells, and in vivo on rat upper jaw biopsies with mechanically induced root resorptions. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. GABAB1, GABAB2, GABAA1, and GABAA3 were ubiquitously expressed both on gene and protein level. GABAA2 and GAD65 were undetectable in resting cells, but induced by inflammation. GABAB1 exhibited the highest basal gene expression (6.97 % ± 0.16). IL-1ß markedly increased GABAB2 on a transcriptional (57.28-fold ± 12.40) and protein level seen via fluorescence microscopy. TNFα-stimulated PDL cells released GAD65 (3.68 pg/ml ± 0.17 after 24 h, 5.77 pg/ml ± 0.65 after 48 h). Immunocytochemistry revealed GAD65 expression in mechanically loaded PDL cells. In vivo, GABA components were varyingly expressed in an inflammatory periodontal environment. PDL cells differentially express GABA signaling components and secrete GAD65. Inflammation and mechanical loading regulate these neurotransmitter molecules, which are also detectable in vivo and are potentially involved in periodontal pathophysiology.
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Mirhadi H, Abbaszadegan A, Ranjbar MA, Azar MR, Geramizadeh B, Torabi S, Sadat Aleyasin Z, Gholami A. Antibacterial and Toxic Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide Combined with Different Concentrations of Chlorhexidine in Comparison with Sodium Hypochlorite. J Dent (Shiraz) 2015; 16:349-55. [PMID: 26636124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been suggested to be used in sequence or in combination with chlorhexidine (CHX) to enhance the antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis, but there is no research in the literature on the safety and effectiveness of this irrigation protocol. PURPOSE This study aimed to assess the cytocompatibility and antibacterial activity of different concentrations of CHX combined with H2O2in comparison with the activity of 5.25 and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). MATERIALS AND METHOD Different concentrations of H2O2 (10, 5, 3 and 1%) were exposed to the PDL cells. Then, the solution with minimal cytotoxicity was selected (3% H2O2). The cytocompatibility and antibacterial activity of 0.1, 0.2, 1 and 2% CHX combined with 3% H2O2 were evaluated and compared with 5.25 and 2.5% NaOCl. The differences in the mean viability of PDL cells were evaluated by one-way ANOVA. Kruskal-Wallis and post-hoc Dunn's tests were adopted to compare the antibacterial activity of the solutions against E.faecalis. RESULTS The viability of PDL cells was lower when treated with 5.25 or 2.5% NaOCl than all combinations of CHX and H2O2.There was no significant difference in the antibacterial activity of the solutions against E.faecalis, except for the 0.1% CHX + 3% H2O2 combination, which had significantly lower efficacy than other groups. CONCLUSION All combinations of CHX and H2O2 (used in this study)except 0.1% CHX + 3% H2O2 were efficient irrigants against planktonic E.faecalis and had a better cytocompatibility with PDL cells than 5.25 and 2.5% NaOCl.
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Memmert S, Gölz L, Pütz P, Jäger A, Deschner J, Appel T, Baumgarten G, Rath-Deschner B, Frede S, Götz W. Regulation of p53 under hypoxic and inflammatory conditions in periodontium. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:1781-9. [PMID: 26620730 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1679-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Different studies suggest that inflammation as well as hypoxia leads to an increase of p53 protein levels. However, the implication of p53 during oral inflammatory processes is still unknown. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the effect of hypoxia and inflammation on p53 regulation in human periodontium in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Under hypoxic and normoxic conditions, human primary periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts (n = 9) were stimulated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.), a periodontal pathogenic bacterium. After different time points, cell viability was tested; p53 gene expression, protein synthesis, and activation were measured using quantitative RT-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence. Moreover, healthy and inflamed periodontal tissues were obtained from 12 donors to analyze p53 protein in oral inflammatory diseases by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS LPS-P.g. and hypoxia initially induced a significant upregulation of p53 mRNA expression and p53 protein levels. Nuclear translocation of p53 after inflammatory stimulation supported these findings. Hypoxia first enhanced p53 levels, but after 24 h of incubation, protein levels decreased, which was accompanied by an improvement of PDL cell viability. Immunohistochemistry revealed an elevation of p53 immunoreactivity in accordance to the progression of periodontal inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that p53 plays a pivotal role in PDL cell homeostasis and seems to be upregulated in oral inflammatory diseases. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Upregulation of p53 may promote the destruction of periodontal integrity. A possible relationship with carcinogenesis may be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Memmert
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany. .,Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - L Gölz
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - P Pütz
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - A Jäger
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - J Deschner
- Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - T Appel
- Clinic of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - G Baumgarten
- Clinic and Polyclinic of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - B Rath-Deschner
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - S Frede
- Clinic and Polyclinic of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - W Götz
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
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Chen YW, Hsu TT, Wang K, Shie MY. Preparation of the fast setting and degrading Ca-Si-Mg cement with both odontogenesis and angiogenesis differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2015; 60:374-383. [PMID: 26706543 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Develop a fast setting and controllable degrading magnesium-calcium silicate cement (Mg-CS) by sol-gel, and establish a mechanism using Mg ions to stimulate human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLs) are two purposes of this study. We have used the diametral tensile strength measurement to obtain the mechanical strength and stability of Mg-CS cement; in addition, the cement degradation properties is realized by measuring the releasing amount of Si and Mg ions in the simulated body fluid. The other cell characteristics of hPDLs, such as proliferation, differentiation and mineralization were examined while hPDLs were cultured on specimen surfaces. This study found out the degradation rate of Mg-CS cements depends on the Mg content in CS. Regarding in vitro bioactivity; the CS cements were covered with abundant clusters of apatite spherulites after immersion of 24h, while less apatite spherulites were formatted on the Mg-rich cement surfaces. In addition, the authors also explored the effects of Mg ions on the odontogenesis and angiogenesis differentiation of hPDLs in comparison with CS cement. The proliferation, alkaline phosphatase, odontogenesis-related genes (DSPP and DMP-1), and angiogenesis-related protein (vWF and ang-1) secretion of hPDLs were significantly stimulated when the Mg content of the specimen was increased. The results in this study suggest that Mg-CS materials with this modified composition could stimulate hPDLs behavior and can be good bioceramics for bone substitutes and hard tissue regeneration applications as they stimulate odontogenesis/angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan; 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Tuan-Ti Hsu
- Institute of Oral Science, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Kan Wang
- H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Georgia Tech Manufacturing Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Ming-You Shie
- 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.
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50
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Quesada MP, Jones J, Rodríguez-Lozano FJ, Moraleda JM, Martinez S. Novel aberrant genetic and epigenetic events in Friedreich's ataxia. Exp Cell Res 2015; 335:51-61. [PMID: 25929520 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is caused by a deficiency in frataxin expression, a mitochondrial protein involved in iron homeostasis, which mainly affects the brain, dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord, heart and in certain cases the pancreas. However, there is little knowledge as to other possible genes that may be affected in this disorder, and which can contribute to its complexity. In the current study we compared human periodontal ligament cells gene expression of healthy individuals and FRDA patients. The expression of active-caspase 3, as well as other apoptosis-related genes, was increased in the FRDA cells. Furthermore, iron-sulphur cluster genes, as well as oxidative stress-related genes were overexpressed in FRDA. Moreover, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neuregulin 1 and miR-132 were all upregulated. These three genes are capable of regulating the expression of each other. Interestingly, when the cells from FRDA patients were co-cultured in the presence of idebenone and deferiprone, caspase expression decreased while antioxidant gene expression, as well as frataxin expression, increased. Regarding epigenetic mechanisms, the frataxin gene was hypermethylated, compared to the healthy counterparts, in the upstream GAA repetitive region. Of the three DNA methyltransferases, DNMT1 but not DNMT3׳s gene expression was higher in FRDA cells. In conclusion, our data show that FRDA cells present altered expression of genes related to cell cycle, oxidative stress and iron homeostasis which may be implicated in the increased apoptotic levels. Also, the altered expression is in a certain degree normalized in the presence of idebenone and deferiprone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Paz Quesada
- Neuroscience Institute, Miguel Hernandez University (UMH-CSIC), San Juan, Alicante, Spain; IMIB-Arrixaca and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jonathan Jones
- Neuroscience Institute, Miguel Hernandez University (UMH-CSIC), San Juan, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Jose M Moraleda
- Hematology Department, Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinical University Hospital, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Spain
| | - Salvador Martinez
- Neuroscience Institute, Miguel Hernandez University (UMH-CSIC), San Juan, Alicante, Spain; IMIB-Arrixaca and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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