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Thimiri Govinda Raj DB, Musasira N, Takundwa MM. DirectedCHO: A new miniaturized directed evolution process for phenotype stability trial test of CHO cells before bioreactor scale-up. SLAS Technol 2024:100130. [PMID: 38561084 DOI: 10.1016/j.slast.2024.100130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Most of the biopharmaceuticals that are currently on the market are expressed using the Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell lines. However, the production yield of these biopharmaceuticals is affected due to CHO cellular heterogeneity and challenges in adaptability during the bioreactor scale-up stage. In this communication, we report the protocol for the miniaturized directed evolution process for CHO cells. The results of the directed evolution process would guide adapting the CHO cell line before bioreactor scale-up. With our approach, we have established the protocol that can be used to streamline superior CHO cell lines for biopharmaceutical production which would be the first of its kind in Africa. Our directed evolution protocol includes a method for a low-cost multiplex directed evolution process that can be used on CHO cells using 20 stressors in 8 concentrations and provides stable trial results for the scale-up process. Using our process, we can provide a simple consumable kit that manufacturers can use for the CHO cell phenotype stability test before the scale-up process. With our approach, we would further develop a platform that can streamline superior CHO cell lines for biopharmaceutical production. This approach would be the first of its kind in South Africa/ Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak B Thimiri Govinda Raj
- Synthetic Nanobiotechnology and Biomachines Group, Synthetic Biology and Precision Medicine Centre, Next Generation Health and Chemical Cluster, CSIR Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - N Musasira
- Synthetic Nanobiotechnology and Biomachines Group, Synthetic Biology and Precision Medicine Centre, Next Generation Health and Chemical Cluster, CSIR Pretoria, South Africa
| | - M M Takundwa
- Synthetic Nanobiotechnology and Biomachines Group, Synthetic Biology and Precision Medicine Centre, Next Generation Health and Chemical Cluster, CSIR Pretoria, South Africa
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2
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Liu M, Xiao Y, Yang Y, Zhou S, Shen X, Zhang Y, Wang W. Carrier proteins boost expression of PR-39-derived peptide in Pichia pastoris. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad297. [PMID: 38052427 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Multidrug resistance presents difficulties in preventing and treating bacterial infections. Proline-rich antimicrobial peptides (PrAMPs) inhibit bacterial growth by affecting the intracellular targets rather than by permeabilizing the membrane. The aim of this study was to develop a yeast-based fusion carrier system using calmodulin (CaM) and xylanase (XynCDBFV) as two carriers to express the model PrAMP PR-39-derived peptide (PR-39-DP) in Pichia pastoris. METHODS AND RESULTS Fusion protein secreted into the culture supernatant was purified in a one-step on-column digestion using human rhinovirus 3C protease, obtaining the target peptide PR-39-DP. The growth curves of Escherichia coli were monitored by recording the OD600 values of the bacteria. The antibacterial activity of PR-39-DP was evaluated in killing assays performed on E. coli. The yield of PR-39-DP was 1.0-1.2 mg l-1 in the CaM fusion carrier system, approximately three times that of the XynCDBFV fusion carrier system. The minimal inhibitory concentration of PR-39-DP was ∼10.5 µg ml-1. CONCLUSIONS CaM and XynCDBFV provide increased stability and promote the expression and secretion of active PR-39-DP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minzhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products of National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 100032, China
| | - Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products of National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Sihan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products of National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products of National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Youxi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 100032, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products of National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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3
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Makeeva A, Muzaev D, Shubert M, Ianshina T, Sidorin A, Sambuk E, Rumyantsev A, Padkina M. Alternative PCR-Based Approaches for Generation of Komagataella phaffii Strains. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2297. [PMID: 37764140 PMCID: PMC10536657 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Komagataella phaffii (Pichia pastoris) is a widely known microbial host for recombinant protein production and an emerging model organism in fundamental research. The development of new materials and techniques on this yeast improves heterologous protein synthesis. One of the most prominent ways to enhance protein production efficiency is to select K. phaffii strains with multiple expression cassettes and generate MutS strains using various vectors. In this study, we demonstrate approaches to expand the applications of pPICZ series vectors. Procedures based on PCR amplification and in vivo cloning allow rapid exchange of selectable markers. The combination of PCR amplification with split-marker-mediated transformation allows the development of K. phaffii MutS strains with two expression cassettes using pPICZ vectors. Both PCR-based approaches were applied to efficiently produce interleukin-2 mimetic Neo-2/15 in K. phaffii. The described techniques provide alternative ways to generate and improve K. phaffii strains without the need for obtaining new specific vectors or additional cloning of expression cassettes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrey Rumyantsev
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg State University (SPBU), Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Marina Padkina
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg State University (SPBU), Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
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Wang J, Gao Q, Wan S, Hao J, Lian X, Ma J, Zhang X, Zheng Z, Li Q. Antiasthmatic Compounds Targeting β 2-Adrenergic Receptor from Perilla frutescens Improved Lung Inflammation by Inhibiting the NF-κB Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:2656-2666. [PMID: 36322828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a highly prevalent and heterogeneous chronic respiratory disease and is often treated with inhaled corticosteroids or in combination with a β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonist. However, around 5% of asthma remains uncontrolled, and more effective antiasthmatic drugs with known mechanisms are in high demand. Herein, we immobilized β2-AR on the polystyrene amino microsphere surface in a one-step fashion. The successful immobilization of β2-AR was verified by scanning electron microscopy and chromatographic analysis. We screened rosmarinic acid (RA) as the bioactive compound targeting β2-AR in Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton by mass spectroscopy. The binding constant between RA and β2-AR was determined to be 2.95 × 104 M-1 by adsorption energy distribution and frontal analysis. The antiasthmatic effect and mechanism of RA were examined on a murine model of allergic asthma induced by ovalbumin (OVA) and aluminum hydroxide. The results showed that RA significantly reduced lung inflammatory cell numbers, the production of Th2 cytokines, and the secretion of total IgE, OVA-specific IgE, and eotaxin. The decreased inflammatory cell infiltration and mucus hypersecretion were associated with the inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Moreover, the mRNA expression levels of AMCase, CCL11, CCR3, Ym2, and E-selectin in the lung tissues were effectively reduced. It is the first time that RA was proven to target β2-AR and be effective in counteracting allergic airway inflammation via the NF-κB signaling pathway. Therefore, the immobilized β2-AR preserves the potential in screening antiasthmatic compounds from herbal medicine, and RA can be developed as an effective agent for the treatment of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Qiuyu Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Shuangru Wan
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Jiaxue Hao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Xiaojuan Lian
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Jing Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Xinlei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Zhe Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Qian Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
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5
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Zhang H, Zhang D, Lu H, Zou D, Hu B, Lian S, Lu S. Antiviral activity of mink interferon alpha expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:976347. [PMID: 36187832 PMCID: PMC9515496 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.976347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many viruses can cause infections in mink, including canine distemper virus, mink enteritis virus, and Aleutian disease virus. Current treatments are ineffective, and these infections are often fatal, causing severe economic losses. As antiviral drugs may effectively prevent and control these infections, recent research has increasingly focused on antiviral interferons. Herein, the gene encoding a mature mink interferon alpha (MiIFN-α) was synthesized according to the P. pastoris preference of codon usage and a recombinant plasmid, pPICZαA-MiIFN-α, was constructed. pPICZαA-MiIFN-α was linearized and transformed into the P. pastoris X33 strain, and zeocin-resistant transformants were selected. Protein expression was induced by methanol. SDS-PAGE and western blot analyses showed that a 25-kDa fusion protein was expressed in the culture supernatant. Antiviral activity of the expressed protein was determined using cytopathic effect inhibition (CPEI). The purified MiIFN-α significantly inhibited the cytopathic effect of vesicular stomatitis virus with a green fluorescent protein (VSV-GFP) in F81 feline kidney cells, with an antiviral activity of 6.4 × 107 IU/mL; it also significantly inhibited MEV replication in F81 cells. MiIFN-α antiviral activity against VSV-GFP was significantly reduced on treatment with pH 4 and pH 10 conditions for 24 h (p < 0.01). Serum MiIFN-α concentrations in rat were measured using enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay; MiIFN-α concentrations in rat serum peaked at ~36 h after injection. A high dose of MiIFN-α was safe for use. There were no significant differences in body temperature, tissue changes, and lymphocyte, total white blood cell, and central granulocyte counts between the injected and control groups (p > 0.05). These findings lay a foundation for the large-scale production of recombinant MiIFNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Dongliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Han Lu
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Deying Zou
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Shizhen Lian
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Shiying Lu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Shiying Lu
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6
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Moatamedi N, Emamzadeh R, Sadeghi HMM, Akbari V. Bioprocess optimization of interferon β-1-a in Pichia pastoris and its improved inhibitory effect against hepatocellular carcinoma cells. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e18984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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7
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Mulry E, Ray AP, Eddy MT. Production of a Human Histamine Receptor for NMR Spectroscopy in Aqueous Solutions. Biomolecules 2021; 11:632. [PMID: 33923140 PMCID: PMC8146376 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) bind a broad array of extracellular molecules and transmit intracellular signals that initiate physiological responses. The signal transduction functions of GPCRs are inherently related to their structural plasticity, which can be experimentally observed by spectroscopic techniques. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in particular is an especially advantageous method to study the dynamic behavior of GPCRs. The success of NMR studies critically relies on the production of functional GPCRs containing stable-isotope labeled probes, which remains a challenging endeavor for most human GPCRs. We report a protocol for the production of the human histamine H1 receptor (H1R) in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris for NMR experiments. Systematic evaluation of multiple expression parameters resulted in a ten-fold increase in the yield of expressed H1R over initial efforts in defined media. The expressed receptor could be purified to homogeneity and was found to respond to the addition of known H1R ligands. Two-dimensional transverse relaxation-optimized spectroscopy (TROSY) NMR spectra of stable-isotope labeled H1R show well-dispersed and resolved signals consistent with a properly folded protein, and 19F-NMR data register a response of the protein to differences in efficacies of bound ligands.
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MESH Headings
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Ligands
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular/methods
- Protein Binding
- Protein Conformation
- Protein Engineering/methods
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/chemistry
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/isolation & purification
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Receptors, Histamine/chemistry
- Receptors, Histamine/isolation & purification
- Receptors, Histamine/metabolism
- Receptors, Histamine H1/chemistry
- Receptors, Histamine H1/isolation & purification
- Receptors, Histamine H1/metabolism
- Saccharomycetales/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Structure-Activity Relationship
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthew T. Eddy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (E.M.); (A.P.R.)
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8
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Wiseman DN, Otchere A, Patel JH, Uddin R, Pollock NL, Routledge SJ, Rothnie AJ, Slack C, Poyner DR, Bill RM, Goddard AD. Expression and purification of recombinant G protein-coupled receptors: A review. Protein Expr Purif 2020; 167:105524. [PMID: 31678667 PMCID: PMC6983937 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2019.105524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Given their extensive role in cell signalling, GPCRs are significant drug targets; despite this, many of these receptors have limited or no available prophylaxis. Novel drug design and discovery significantly rely on structure determination, of which GPCRs are typically elusive. Progress has been made thus far to produce sufficient quantity and quality of protein for downstream analysis. As such, this review highlights the systems available for recombinant GPCR expression, with consideration of their advantages and disadvantages, as well as examples of receptors successfully expressed in these systems. Additionally, an overview is given on the use of detergents and the styrene maleic acid (SMA) co-polymer for membrane solubilisation, as well as purification techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N Wiseman
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
| | - Abigail Otchere
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
| | - Jaimin H Patel
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
| | - Romez Uddin
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
| | | | - Sarah J Routledge
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
| | - Alice J Rothnie
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
| | - Cathy Slack
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
| | - David R Poyner
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
| | - Roslyn M Bill
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
| | - Alan D Goddard
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
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9
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Thor D, Xiao N, Yu R, Jivan A, Cha B. Induction of EGFP expression in Pichia pastoris during co-culture with human endothelial cell line. J Microbiol Methods 2019; 161:28-34. [PMID: 30995456 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
While Pichia pastoris has been developed into a versatile recombinant protein expression system, there are only few studies that have investigated the efficacious use of this yeast with human cells. In this study, we demonstrated that P. pastoris can be cultured under mammalian cell culture conditions and co-cultured with human endothelial cells. Co-cultures did not affect endothelial cell morphology or viability. Additionally, P. pastoris was induced to express enhanced green fluorescence protein when co-cultured with human endothelial cell line EA.hy926 under mammalian cell culture conditions. Our study provides data to support the use of P. pastoris as a vehicle for direct delivery of recombinant proteins to mammalian cells during co-culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Der Thor
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, 155 Fifth Street, San Francisco, CA 94103..
| | - Nan Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, 155 Fifth Street, San Francisco, CA 94103
| | - Ryan Yu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, 155 Fifth Street, San Francisco, CA 94103
| | - Anita Jivan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, 155 Fifth Street, San Francisco, CA 94103
| | - Bomi Cha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, 155 Fifth Street, San Francisco, CA 94103
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10
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Xue D, Wang J, Song X, Wang W, Hu T, Ye L, Liu Y, Zhou Q, Zhou F, Jiang ZX, Liu ZJ, Tao H. A Chemical Strategy for Amphiphile Replacement in Membrane Protein Research. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:4319-4327. [PMID: 30781953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b04072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Membrane mimics are indispensable tools in the structural and functional understanding of membrane proteins (MPs). Given stringent requirements of integral MP manipulations, amphiphile replacement is often required in sample preparation for various biophysical purposes. Current protocols generally rely on physical methodologies and rarely reach complete replacement. In comparison, we report herein a chemical alternative that facilitates the exhaustive exchange of membrane-mimicking systems for MP reconstitution. This method, named sacrifice-replacement strategy, was enabled by a class of chemically cleavable detergents (CCDs), derived from the disulfide incorporation in the traditional detergent n-dodecyl-β-d-maltopyranoside. The representative CCD behaved well in both solubilizing the diverse α-helical human G protein-coupled receptors and refolding of the β-barrel bacterial outer membrane protein X, and more importantly, it could also be readily degraded under mild conditions. By this means, the A2A adenosine receptor was successfully reconstituted into a series of commercial detergents for stabilization screening and nanodiscs for electron microscopy analysis. Featured by the simplicity and compatibility, this CCD-mediated strategy would later find more applications when being integrated in other biophysics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxiang Xue
- iHuman Institute , ShanghaiTech University , Ren Building, 393 Middle Huaxia Road , Shanghai 201210 , China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road , Shanghai 201203 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 19A, Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , China
- School of Life Science and Technology , ShanghaiTech University , Shanghai 201210 , China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- iHuman Institute , ShanghaiTech University , Ren Building, 393 Middle Huaxia Road , Shanghai 201210 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 19A, Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , China
- School of Life Science and Technology , ShanghaiTech University , Shanghai 201210 , China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200031 , China
| | - Xiyong Song
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 19A, Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , China
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , China
| | - Wei Wang
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430071 , China
| | - Tao Hu
- iHuman Institute , ShanghaiTech University , Ren Building, 393 Middle Huaxia Road , Shanghai 201210 , China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road , Shanghai 201203 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 19A, Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , China
- School of Life Science and Technology , ShanghaiTech University , Shanghai 201210 , China
| | - Lintao Ye
- iHuman Institute , ShanghaiTech University , Ren Building, 393 Middle Huaxia Road , Shanghai 201210 , China
| | - Yang Liu
- iHuman Institute , ShanghaiTech University , Ren Building, 393 Middle Huaxia Road , Shanghai 201210 , China
| | - Qingtong Zhou
- iHuman Institute , ShanghaiTech University , Ren Building, 393 Middle Huaxia Road , Shanghai 201210 , China
| | - Fang Zhou
- iHuman Institute , ShanghaiTech University , Ren Building, 393 Middle Huaxia Road , Shanghai 201210 , China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road , Shanghai 201203 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 19A, Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , China
- School of Life Science and Technology , ShanghaiTech University , Shanghai 201210 , China
| | - Zhong-Xing Jiang
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430071 , China
| | - Zhi-Jie Liu
- iHuman Institute , ShanghaiTech University , Ren Building, 393 Middle Huaxia Road , Shanghai 201210 , China
- School of Life Science and Technology , ShanghaiTech University , Shanghai 201210 , China
| | - Houchao Tao
- iHuman Institute , ShanghaiTech University , Ren Building, 393 Middle Huaxia Road , Shanghai 201210 , China
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11
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High-Efficiency Expression of Yeast-Derived G-Protein Coupled Receptors and 19F Labeling for Dynamical Studies. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1688:407-421. [PMID: 29151220 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7386-6_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
We describe a detailed protocol for heterologous expression of the human adenosine A2A G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR), using Pichia pastoris. Details are also provided for the reconstitution and functional purification steps. Yields of 2-6 mg/g membrane were obtained prior to functional purification (ligand column purification). Typically, functional purification reduced overall yields by a factor of 2-4, resulting in final functional production of 0.5-3 mg/L membrane. Yeast is an excellent protein expression system for NMR given its high tolerance for isotope-enriched solvents and its ability to grow in minimal media.
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12
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Eddy MT, Gao ZG, Mannes P, Patel N, Jacobson KA, Katritch V, Stevens RC, Wüthrich K. Extrinsic Tryptophans as NMR Probes of Allosteric Coupling in Membrane Proteins: Application to the A 2A Adenosine Receptor. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:8228-8235. [PMID: 29874058 PMCID: PMC6192543 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b03805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tryptophan indole 15N-1H signals are well separated in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of proteins. Assignment of the indole 15N-1H signals therefore enables one to obtain site-specific information on complex proteins in supramacromolecular systems, even when extensive assignment of backbone 15N-1H resonances is challenging. Here we exploit the unique indole 15N-1H chemical shift by introducing extrinsic tryptophan reporter residues at judiciously chosen locations in a membrane protein for increased coverage of structure and function by NMR. We demonstrate this approach with three variants of the human A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR), a class A G protein-coupled receptor, each containing a single extrinsic tryptophan near the receptor intracellular surface, in helix V, VI, or VII, respectively. We show that the native A2AAR global protein fold and ligand binding activity are preserved in these A2AAR variants. The indole 15N-1H signals from the extrinsic tryptophan reporter residues show different responses to variable efficacy of drugs bound to the receptor orthosteric cavity, and the indole 15N-1H chemical shift of the tryptophan introduced at the intracellular end of helix VI is sensitive to conformational changes resulting from interactions with a polypeptide from the carboxy terminus of the GαS intracellular partner protein. Introducing extrinsic tryptophans into proteins in complex supramolecular systems thus opens new avenues for NMR investigations in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Eddy
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Bridge Institute, Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Michelson Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Philip Mannes
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Nilkanth Patel
- Bridge Institute, Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Michelson Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Vsevolod Katritch
- Bridge Institute, Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Michelson Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Raymond C. Stevens
- Bridge Institute, Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Michelson Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Kurt Wüthrich
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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13
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Xia P, Gao J, Guan W, Li J, Yu X, Wang F, He H, Deng Q, Zhou L, Yuan Y, Han W, Yu Y. Production of bioactive recombinant rat soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (rrsRAGE) in Pichia pastoris. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 138:81-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Dehnavi E, Ranaei Siadat SO, Fathi Roudsari M, Khajeh K. Cloning and high-level expression of β-xylosidase from Selenomonas ruminantium in Pichia pastoris by optimizing of pH, methanol concentration and temperature conditions. Protein Expr Purif 2016; 124:55-61. [PMID: 27154901 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
β-xylosidase and several other glycoside hydrolase family members, including xylanase, cooperate together to degrade hemicelluloses, a commonly found xylan polymer of plant-cell wall. β-d-xylosidase/α-l-arabinofuranosidase from the ruminal anaerobic bacterium Selenomonas ruminantium (SXA) has potential utility in industrial processes such as production of fuel ethanol and other bioproducts. The optimized synthetic SXA gene was overexpressed in methylotrophic Pichia pastoris under the control of alcohol oxidase I (AOX1) promoter and secreted into the medium. Recombinant protein showed an optimum pH 4.8 and optimum temperature 50 °C. Furthermore, optimization of growth and induction conditions in shake flask was carried out. Using the optimum expression condition (pH 6, temperature 20 °C and 1% methanol induction), protein production was increased by about three times in comparison to the control. The recombinant SXA we have expressed here showed higher turnover frequency using ρ-nitrophenyl β-xylopyranoside (PNPX) substrate, in contrast to most xylosidase experiments reported previously. This is the first report on the cloning and expression of a β-xylosidase gene from glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 43 in Pichia pastoris. Our results confirm that P. pastoris is an appropriate host for high level expression and production of SXA for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Dehnavi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Omid Ranaei Siadat
- Nanobiotechnology Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and New Technologies, Shahid Beheshti University, GC, Tehran, Iran; Protein Engineering Laboratory, Protein Research Center (PRC), Shahid Beheshti University, GC, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Khosro Khajeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Suharni, Nomura Y, Arakawa T, Hino T, Abe H, Nakada-Nakura Y, Sato Y, Iwanari H, Shiroishi M, Asada H, Shimamura T, Murata T, Kobayashi T, Hamakubo T, Iwata S, Nomura N. Proteoliposome-based selection of a recombinant antibody fragment against the human M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2016; 33:378-85. [PMID: 25545206 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2014.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of antibodies against human G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) has achieved limited success, which has mainly been attributed to their low stability in a detergent-solubilized state. We herein describe a method that can generally be applied to the selection of phage display libraries with human GPCRs reconstituted in liposomes. A key feature of this approach is the production of biotinylated proteoliposomes that can be immobilized on the surface of streptavidin-coupled microplates or paramagnetic beads and used as a binding target for antibodies. As an example, we isolated a single chain Fv fragment from an immune phage library that specifically binds to the human M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor with nanomolar affinity. The selected antibody fragment recognized the GPCR in both detergent-solubilized and membrane-embedded forms, which suggests that it may be a potentially valuable tool for structural and functional studies of the GPCR. The use of proteoliposomes as immunogens and screening bait will facilitate the application of phage display to this difficult class of membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suharni
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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16
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Hossain MB, Oshima T, Hirose S, Wang J, Tokumoto T. Expression and Purification of Human Membrane Progestin Receptor α (mPRα). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138739. [PMID: 26398701 PMCID: PMC4580469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane progestin receptors (mPRs) are responsible for mediating the rapid, nongenomic activity of progestins and belong to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family. mPRs are also considered as attractive proteins to draw a new medicinal approach. In this study, we optimized a procedure for the expression and purification of recombinant human mPRα protein (hmPRα) by a methylotropic yeast, Pichia pastoris, expression system. The protein expressed in crude membrane fractions exhibited a binding affinity of Kd = 3.8 nM and Bmax = 288.8 fmol/mg for progesterone. These results indicated that the hmPRα expressed in yeast was active. Solubilized hmPRα was purified through three column chromatography steps. A nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) column was first used, and the mPRα proteins were then bound to cellulose resin with free amino groups (Cellufine Amino) and finally passed through an SP-Sepharose column. The optimization of expression and purification conditions resulted in a high yield of purified hmPRα (1.3–1.5 mg from 1 L culture). The purified hmPRα protein demonstrated progesterone binding (Kd = 5.2 nM and Bmax = 111.6 fmol/mg). The results indicated that we succeeded in solubilizing and purifying hmPRα in an active form. Sufficient amount of active hmPRα protein will support the establishment of applications for the screening of ligands for mPRα.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Chromatography, Affinity
- Chromatography, Liquid
- Humans
- Kinetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Peptides/analysis
- Pichia/metabolism
- Progesterone/chemistry
- Progesterone/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/chemistry
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Receptors, Progesterone/chemistry
- Receptors, Progesterone/genetics
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/isolation & purification
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Babul Hossain
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, National University Corporation Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422–8529, Japan
| | - Takayuki Oshima
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, National University Corporation Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422–8529, Japan
| | - Shizuka Hirose
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, National University Corporation Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422–8529, Japan
| | - Jun Wang
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, National University Corporation Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422–8529, Japan
| | - Toshinobu Tokumoto
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, National University Corporation Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422–8529, Japan
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, National University Corporation Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422–8529, Japan
- * E-mail:
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17
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Pedro AQ, Martins LM, Dias JML, Bonifácio MJ, Queiroz JA, Passarinha LA. An artificial neural network for membrane-bound catechol-O-methyltransferase biosynthesis with Pichia pastoris methanol-induced cultures. Microb Cell Fact 2015; 14:113. [PMID: 26246150 PMCID: PMC4527236 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-015-0304-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Membrane proteins are important drug targets in many human diseases and gathering structural information regarding these proteins encourages the pharmaceutical industry to develop new molecules using structure-based drug design studies. Specifically, membrane-bound catechol-O-methyltransferase (MBCOMT) is an integral membrane protein that catalyzes the methylation of catechol substrates and has been linked to several diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Schizophrenia. Thereby, improvements in the clinical outcome of the therapy to these diseases may come from structure-based drug design where reaching MBCOMT samples in milligram quantities are crucial for acquiring structural information regarding this target protein. Therefore, the main aim of this work was to optimize the temperature, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) concentration and the methanol flow-rate for the biosynthesis of recombinant MBCOMT by Pichia pastoris bioreactor methanol-induced cultures using artificial neural networks (ANN). RESULTS The optimization trials intended to evaluate MBCOMT expression by P. pastoris bioreactor cultures led to the development of a first standard strategy for MBCOMT bioreactor biosynthesis with a batch growth on glycerol until the dissolved oxygen spike, 3 h of glycerol feeding and 12 h of methanol induction. The ANN modeling of the aforementioned fermentation parameters predicted a maximum MBCOMT specific activity of 384.8 nmol/h/mg of protein at 30°C, 2.9 mL/L/H methanol constant flow-rate and with the addition of 6% (v/v) DMSO with almost 90% of healthy cells at the end of the induction phase. These results allowed an improvement of MBCOMT specific activity of 6.4-fold in comparison to that from the small-scale biosynthesis in baffled shake-flasks. CONCLUSIONS The ANN model was able to describe the effects of temperature, DMSO concentration and methanol flow-rate on MBCOMT specific activity, as shown by the good fitness between predicted and observed values. This experimental procedure highlights the potential role of chemical chaperones such as DMSO in improving yields of recombinant membrane proteins with a different topology than G-coupled receptors. Finally, the proposed ANN shows that the manipulation of classic fermentation parameters coupled with the addition of specific molecules can open and reinforce new perspectives in the optimization of P. pastoris bioprocesses for membrane proteins biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Q Pedro
- CICS-UBI, Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Luís M Martins
- CICS-UBI, Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - João M L Dias
- Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge System Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Sanger Building, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK.
| | - Maria J Bonifácio
- Departamento de Investigação e Desenvolvimento, Bial, 4745-457, São Mamede do Coronado, Portugal.
| | - João A Queiroz
- CICS-UBI, Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Luís A Passarinha
- CICS-UBI, Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal.
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18
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Production of monoclonal antibodies against GPCR using cell-free synthesized GPCR antigen and biotinylated liposome-based interaction assay. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11333. [PMID: 26061673 PMCID: PMC4462149 DOI: 10.1038/srep11333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are one of the most important drug targets, and anti-GPCR monoclonal antibody (mAb) is an essential tool for functional analysis of GPCRs. However, it is very difficult to develop GPCR-specific mAbs due to difficulties in production of recombinant GPCR antigens, and lack of efficient mAb screening method. Here we describe a novel approach for the production of mAbs against GPCR using two original methods, bilayer-dialysis method and biotinylated liposome-based interaction assay (BiLIA), both of which are developed using wheat cell-free protein synthesis system and liposome technology. Using bilayer-dialysis method, various GPCRs were successfully synthesized with quality and quantity sufficient for immunization. For selection of specific mAb, we designed BiLIA that detects interaction between antibody and membrane protein on liposome. BiLIA prevented denaturation of GPCR, and then preferably selected conformation-sensitive antibodies. Using this approach, we successfully obtained mAbs against DRD1, GHSR, PTGER1 and T1R1. With respect to DRD1 mAb, 36 mouse mAbs and 6 rabbit mAbs were obtained which specifically recognized native DRD1 with high affinity. Among them, half of the mAbs were conformation-sensitive mAb, and two mAbs recognized extracellular loop 2 of DRD1. These results indicated that this approach is useful for GPCR mAb production.
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19
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Byrne B. Pichia pastoris as an expression host for membrane protein structural biology. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2015; 32:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Schonenbach NS, Hussain S, O'Malley MA. Structure and function of G protein‐coupled receptor oligomers: implications for drug discovery. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 7:408-27. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S. Schonenbach
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of California Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCAUSA
| | - Sunyia Hussain
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of California Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCAUSA
| | - Michelle A. O'Malley
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of California Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCAUSA
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21
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Cheng G, Li F, Peng D, Huang L, Hao H, Liu Z, Wang Y, Yuan Z. Development of an enzyme-linked-receptor assay based on Syrian hamster β2-adrenergic receptor for detection of β-agonists. Anal Biochem 2014; 459:18-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Bushey DF, Bannon GA, Delaney BF, Graser G, Hefford M, Jiang X, Lee TC, Madduri KM, Pariza M, Privalle LS, Ranjan R, Saab-Rincon G, Schafer BW, Thelen JJ, Zhang JX, Harper MS. Characteristics and safety assessment of intractable proteins in genetically modified crops. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 69:154-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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Cuozzo JW, Soutter HH. Overview of Recent Progress in Protein-Expression Technologies for Small-Molecule Screening. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 19:1000-13. [PMID: 24525871 DOI: 10.1177/1087057114520975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Production of novel soluble and membrane-localized protein targets for functional and affinity-based screening has often been limited by the inability of traditional protein-expression systems to generate recombinant proteins that have properties similar to those of their endogenous counterparts. Such targets have often been labeled as challenging. Although biological validation of these challenging targets for specific disease areas may be strong, discovery of small-molecule modulators can be greatly delayed or completely halted due to target-expression issues. In this article, the limitations of traditional protein-expression systems will be discussed along with new systems designed to overcome these challenges. Recent work in this field has focused on two major areas for both soluble and membrane targets: construct-design strategies to improve expression levels and new hosts that can carry out the posttranslational modifications necessary for proper target folding and function. Another area of active research has been on the reconstitution of solubilized membrane targets for both structural analysis and screening. Finally, the potential impact of these new systems on the output of small-molecule screening campaigns will be discussed.
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24
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OSHIMA T, NAKAYAMA R, ROY SR, TOKUMOTO T. Purification of the goldfish membrane progestin receptor α (mPRα) expressedin yeast Pichia pastoris. Biomed Res 2014; 35:47-59. [DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.35.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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A novel cholesterol-producing Pichia pastoris strain is an ideal host for functional expression of human Na,K-ATPase α3β1 isoform. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:9465-78. [PMID: 23955473 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The heterologous expression of mammalian membrane proteins in lower eukaryotes is often hampered by aberrant protein localization, structure, and function, leading to enhanced degradation and, thus, low expression levels. Substantial quantities of functional membrane proteins are necessary to elucidate their structure-function relationships. Na,K-ATPases are integral, human membrane proteins that specifically interact with cholesterol and phospholipids, ensuring protein stability and enhancing ion transport activity. In this study, we present a Pichia pastoris strain which was engineered in its sterol pathway towards the synthesis of cholesterol instead of ergosterol to foster the functional expression of human membrane proteins. Western blot analyses revealed that cholesterol-producing yeast formed enhanced and stable levels of human Na,K-ATPase α3β1 isoform. ATPase activity assays suggested that this Na,K-ATPase isoform was functionally expressed in the plasma membrane. Moreover, [(3)H]-ouabain cell surface-binding studies underscored that the Na,K-ATPase was present in high numbers at the cell surface, surpassing reported expression strains severalfold. This provides evidence that the humanized sterol composition positively influenced Na,K-ATPase α3β1 stability, activity, and localization to the yeast plasma membrane. Prospectively, cholesterol-producing yeast will have high potential for functional expression of many mammalian membrane proteins.
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26
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Emami S, Fan Y, Munro R, Ladizhansky V, Brown LS. Yeast-expressed human membrane protein aquaporin-1 yields excellent resolution of solid-state MAS NMR spectra. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2013; 55:147-155. [PMID: 23344971 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-013-9710-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
One of the biggest challenges in solid-state NMR studies of membrane proteins is to obtain a homogeneous natively folded sample giving high spectral resolution sufficient for structural studies. Eukaryotic membrane proteins are especially difficult and expensive targets in this respect. Methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris is a reliable producer of eukaryotic membrane proteins for crystallography and a promising economical source of isotopically labeled proteins for NMR. We show that eukaryotic membrane protein human aquaporin 1 can be doubly ((13)C/(15)N) isotopically labeled in this system and functionally reconstituted into phospholipids, giving excellent resolution of solid-state magic angle spinning NMR spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Emami
- Departments of Physics, and Biophysics Interdepartmental Group, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
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27
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Talmont F, Moulédous L, Boué J, Mollereau C, Dietrich G. Denatured G-protein coupled receptors as immunogens to generate highly specific antibodies. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46348. [PMID: 23029489 PMCID: PMC3459905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) play a major role in a number of physiological and pathological processes. Thus, GPCRs have become the most frequent targets for development of new therapeutic drugs. In this context, the availability of highly specific antibodies may be decisive to obtain reliable findings on localization, function and medical relevance of GPCRs. However, the rapid and easy generation of highly selective anti-GPCR antibodies is still a challenge. Herein, we report that highly specific antibodies suitable for detection of GPCRs in native and unfolded forms can be elicited by immunizing animals against purified full length denatured recombinant GPCRs. Contrasting with the currently admitted postulate, our study shows that an active and well-folded GPCR is not required for the production of specific anti-GPCR antibodies. This new immunizing strategy validated with three different human GPCR (μ-opioid, κ-opioid, neuropeptide FF2 receptors) might be generalized to other members of the GPCR family.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies/immunology
- Antibodies/isolation & purification
- Humans
- Immunization
- Immunoglobulin G/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Immunoglobulin G/isolation & purification
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Pichia/genetics
- Protein Denaturation
- Protein Folding
- Receptors, Neuropeptide/administration & dosage
- Receptors, Neuropeptide/genetics
- Receptors, Neuropeptide/immunology
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/administration & dosage
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/immunology
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/administration & dosage
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/administration & dosage
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Talmont
- CNRS, IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), Toulouse, France.
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28
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Shiroishi M, Tsujimoto H, Makyio H, Asada H, Yurugi-Kobayashi T, Shimamura T, Murata T, Nomura N, Haga T, Iwata S, Kobayashi T. Platform for the rapid construction and evaluation of GPCRs for crystallography in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microb Cell Fact 2012; 11:78. [PMID: 22694812 PMCID: PMC3495400 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-11-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent successes in the determination of G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) structures have relied on the ability of receptor variants to overcome difficulties in expression and purification. Therefore, the quick screening of functionally expressed stable receptor variants is vital. RESULTS We developed a platform using Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the rapid construction and evaluation of functional GPCR variants for structural studies. This platform enables us to perform a screening cycle from construction to evaluation of variants within 6-7 days. We firstly confirmed the functional expression of 25 full-length class A GPCRs in this platform. Then, in order to improve the expression level and stability, we generated and evaluated the variants of the four GPCRs (hADRB2, hCHRM2, hHRH1 and hNTSR1). These stabilized receptor variants improved both functional activity and monodispersity. Finally, the expression level of the stabilized hHRH1 in Pichia pastoris was improved up to 65 pmol/mg from negligible expression of the functional full-length receptor in S. cerevisiae at first screening. The stabilized hHRH1 was able to be purified for use in crystallization trials. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that the S. cerevisiae system should serve as an easy-to-handle and rapid platform for the construction and evaluation of GPCR variants. This platform can be a powerful prescreening method to identify a suitable GPCR variant for crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsunori Shiroishi
- Iwata Human Receptor Crystallography project, ERATO, JST, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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29
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Gerasimov AS, Zeinalov OA, El’darov MA, Shul’ga AA. Biosynthesis of human β2-adrenergic receptor in methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris and its purification. Mol Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893312020057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are one of the most challenging targets in structural biology. To successfully solve a high-resolution GPCR structure, several experimental obstacles must be overcome, including expression, extraction, purification, and crystallization. As a result, there are only a handful of unique structures reported from this protein superfamily, which consists of over 800 members. In the past few years, however, there has been an increase in the amount of solved GPCR structures, and a few high-impact structures have been determined: the peptide receptor CXCR4, the agonist bound receptors, and the GPCR-G protein complex. The dramatic progress in GPCR structural studies is not due to the development of any single technique, but a combination of new techniques, new tools and new concepts. Here, we summarize the progress made for GPCR expression, purification, and crystallization, and we highlight the technical advances that will facilitate the future determination of GPCR structures.
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Structure of the human M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor bound to an antagonist. Nature 2012; 482:547-51. [PMID: 22278061 PMCID: PMC3345277 DOI: 10.1038/nature10753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 600] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The parasympathetic limb of the autonomic nervous system regulates the activity of multiple organ systems. Muscarinic receptors are G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) that mediate the response to acetylcholine released from parasympathetic nerves.1–5 Their role in the unconscious regulation of organ and central nervous system function makes them potential therapeutic targets for a broad spectrum of diseases. The M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M2 receptor) is essential for the physiologic control of cardiovascular function through activation of G protein-coupled inwardly-rectifying potassium channels, and is of particular interest because of its extensive pharmacological characterization with both orthosteric and allosteric ligands. Here we report the structure of antagonist-bound M2 receptor, the first human acetylcholine receptor to be characterized structurally. The antagonist QNB binds in the middle of a long aqueous channel extending approximately two-thirds through the membrane. The orthosteric binding pocket is formed by amino acids that are identical in all 5 muscarinic receptor subtypes, and shares structural homology with other functionally unrelated acetylcholine binding proteins from different species. A layer of tyrosine residues forms an aromatic cap restricting dissociation of the bound ligand. A binding site for allosteric ligands has been mapped to residues at the entrance to the binding pocket near this aromatic cap. The M2 receptor structure provides insights into the challenges of developing subtype-selective ligands for muscarinic receptors and their propensity for allosteric regulation.
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