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Markandan K, Tiong YW, Sankaran R, Subramanian S, Markandan UD, Chaudhary V, Numan A, Khalid M, Walvekar R. Emergence of infectious diseases and role of advanced nanomaterials in point-of-care diagnostics: a review. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022:1-89. [PMID: 36243900 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2127070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Infectious outbreaks are the foremost global public health concern, challenging the current healthcare system, which claims millions of lives annually. The most crucial way to control an infectious outbreak is by early detection through point-of-care (POC) diagnostics. POC diagnostics are highly advantageous owing to the prompt diagnosis, which is economical, simple and highly efficient with remote access capabilities. In particular, utilization of nanomaterials to architect POC devices has enabled highly integrated and portable (compact) devices with enhanced efficiency. As such, this review will detail the factors influencing the emergence of infectious diseases and methods for fast and accurate detection, thus elucidating the underlying factors of these infections. Furthermore, it comprehensively highlights the importance of different nanomaterials in POCs to detect nucleic acid, whole pathogens, proteins and antibody detection systems. Finally, we summarize findings reported on nanomaterials based on advanced POCs such as lab-on-chip, lab-on-disc-devices, point-of-action and hospital-on-chip. To this end, we discuss the challenges, potential solutions, prospects of integrating internet-of-things, artificial intelligence, 5G communications and data clouding to achieve intelligent POCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalaimani Markandan
- Temasek Laboratories, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Drive, Singapore
- Faculty of Engineering, Technology and Built Environment, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yong Wei Tiong
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive, Singapore
| | - Revathy Sankaran
- Graduate School, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sakthinathan Subramanian
- Department of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (NTUT), Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Vishal Chaudhary
- Research Cell & Department of Physics, Bhagini Nivedita College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Arshid Numan
- Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Sunway Materials Smart Science & Engineering (SMS2E) Research Cluster School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Sunway Materials Smart Science & Engineering (SMS2E) Research Cluster School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rashmi Walvekar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Schneider UV, Knudsen JD, Koch A, Kirkby NS, Lisby JG. An Agreement of Antigen Tests on Oral Pharyngeal Swabs or Less Invasive Testing With Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction for Detecting SARS-CoV-2 in Adults: Protocol for a Prospective Nationwide Observational Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e35706. [PMID: 35394449 PMCID: PMC9070418 DOI: 10.2196/35706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has resulted in an unprecedented level of worldwide testing for epidemiologic and diagnostic purposes, and due to the extreme need for tests, the gold-standard Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) testing capacity has been unable to meet the overall worldwide testing demand. Consequently, although the current literature has shown the sensitivity of rapid antigen tests (RATs) to be inferior to RT-PCR, RATs have been implemented on a large scale without solid data on performance. Objective This study will compare analytical and clinical sensitivities and specificities of 50 lateral flow– or laboratory-based RATs and 3 strand invasion–based amplification (SIBA)-RT-PCR tests from 30 manufacturers to RT-PCR testing of samples obtained from the deep oropharynx. In addition, the study will compare sensitivities and specificities of the included RATs as well as RT-PCR on clinical samples obtained from the deep oropharynx, the anterior nasal cavity, saliva, the deep nasopharynx, and expired air to RT-PCR on deep oropharyngeal samples. Methods In the prospective part of the study, 200 individuals found SARS-CoV-2 positive and 200 individuals found SARS-CoV-2 negative by routine RT-PCR testing will be retested with each RAT, applying RT-PCR as the reference method. In the retrospective part of the study, 304 deep oropharyngeal cavity swabs divided into 4 groups based on RT-PCR quantification cycle (Cq) levels will be tested with each RAT. Results The results will be reported in several papers with different aims. The first paper will report retrospective (analytical sensitivity, overall and stratified into different Cq range groups) and prospective (clinical sensitivity) data for RATs, with RT-PCR as the reference method. The second paper will report results for RAT based on anatomical sampling location. The third paper will compare different anatomical sampling locations by RT-PCR testing. The fourth paper will focus on RATs that rely on central laboratory testing. Tests from 4 different manufacturers will be compared for analytical performance data on retrospective deep oropharyngeal swab samples. The fifth paper will report the results of 4 RATs applied both as professional use and as self-tests. The last paper will report the results from 2 breath tests in the study. A comparison of sensitivity and specificity between RATs will be conducted using the McNemar test for paired samples and the chi-squared test for unpaired samples. Comparison of the positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) between RATs will be performed by the bootstrap test, and 95% CIs for sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV will be calculated as bootstrap CIs. Conclusions The study will compare the sensitivities of a large number of RATs for SARS-CoV-2 to with those of RT-PCR and will address whether lateral flow–based RATs differ significantly from laboratory-based RATs. The anatomical test locations for both RATs and RT-PCR will also be compared. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04913116; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04913116 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/35706
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Affiliation(s)
- Uffe Vest Schneider
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Jenny Dahl Knudsen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Koch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jan Gorm Lisby
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
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Joste V, Bailly J, Hubert V, Pauc C, Gendrot M, Guillochon E, Madamet M, Thellier M, Kendjo E, Argy N, Pradines B, Houzé S. Plasmodium ovale wallikeri and P. ovale curtisi Infections and Diagnostic Approaches to Imported Malaria, France, 2013-2018. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27. [PMID: 33496652 PMCID: PMC7853592 DOI: 10.3201/eid2702.202143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients infected with P. ovale wallikeri displayed deeper thrombocytopenia and a shorter latency period. We retrospectively analyzed epidemiologic, clinical, and biologic characteristics of 368 Plasmodium ovale wallikeri and 309 P. ovale curtisi infections treated in France during January 2013–December 2018. P. ovale wallikeri infections displayed deeper thrombocytopenia and shorter latency periods. Despite similar clinical manifestations, P. ovale wallikeri–infected patients were more frequently treated with artemisinin-based combination therapy. Although the difference was not statistically significant, P. ovale wallikeri–infected patients were 5 times more frequently hospitalized in intensive care or intermediate care and had a higher proportion of severe thrombocytopenia than P. ovale curtisi–infected patients. Rapid diagnostic tests that detect aldolase were more efficient than those detecting Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase. Sequence analysis of the potra gene from 90 P. ovale isolates reveals an insufficient polymorphism for relapse typing.
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Ditombi BCM, Minko JI, Tsamba RP, Ngomo JMN, Nymane T, Ognagosso FBB, M'bondoukwe NP, Mawili-Mboumba DP, Akotet MKB. Comparative performance of four malaria rapid diagnostic tests, Vikia Malaria Pf/Pan, Meriline-Meriscreen Pf/Pv/Pan, Right Sign Malaria Pf/Pan, and Right Sign Malaria Pf, among febrile patients in Gabon. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2020; 53:e20190274. [PMID: 32578700 PMCID: PMC7310366 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0274-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are selected based on their performances. Here, we compared the diagnostic performance of different malaria RDTs. METHODS: Febrile patients were tested for malaria using Vikia Malaria Pf/Pan, Meriline-Meriscreen Pf/Pv/Pan, Right Sign Malaria Pf/Pan, and Right Sign Malaria Pf RDTs at Melen Regional Hospital in Gabon. RESULTS: In total, 120 of 274 tested children (43.8%) had malaria. The sensitivity was > 95% for all RDTs, while the specificity was > 85% for two tests. One test generated invalid tests (8%). CONCLUSIONS: Based on their performances, all tests except one may be recommended for malaria diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridy Chesly Moutombi Ditombi
- Université des Sciences de la Santé, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Parasitology-Mycology, BP 4009 Libreville, Gabon.,Regional Hospital of Melen, Clinical and Operational Research Unit, Estuaire Gabon
| | - Julienne Isabelle Minko
- Université des Sciences de la Santé, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, BP 4009 Libreville, Gabon
| | - Roméo Philippe Tsamba
- Université des Sciences de la Santé, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Parasitology-Mycology, BP 4009 Libreville, Gabon.,Regional Hospital of Melen, Clinical and Operational Research Unit, Estuaire Gabon
| | - Jacques Marie Ndong Ngomo
- Université des Sciences de la Santé, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Parasitology-Mycology, BP 4009 Libreville, Gabon.,Regional Hospital of Melen, Clinical and Operational Research Unit, Estuaire Gabon
| | - Tatiana Nymane
- Université des Sciences de la Santé, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Parasitology-Mycology, BP 4009 Libreville, Gabon.,Regional Hospital of Melen, Clinical and Operational Research Unit, Estuaire Gabon
| | - Fanny Bertrande Batchy Ognagosso
- Université des Sciences de la Santé, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Parasitology-Mycology, BP 4009 Libreville, Gabon.,Regional Hospital of Melen, Clinical and Operational Research Unit, Estuaire Gabon
| | - Noé Patrick M'bondoukwe
- Université des Sciences de la Santé, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Parasitology-Mycology, BP 4009 Libreville, Gabon.,Regional Hospital of Melen, Clinical and Operational Research Unit, Estuaire Gabon
| | - Denise Patricia Mawili-Mboumba
- Université des Sciences de la Santé, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Parasitology-Mycology, BP 4009 Libreville, Gabon.,Regional Hospital of Melen, Clinical and Operational Research Unit, Estuaire Gabon
| | - Marielle Karine Bouyou Akotet
- Université des Sciences de la Santé, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Parasitology-Mycology, BP 4009 Libreville, Gabon.,Regional Hospital of Melen, Clinical and Operational Research Unit, Estuaire Gabon
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Sun H, Li J, Xu C, Xiao T, Wang L, Kong X, Wang Y, Zhang B, Zhao C, Huang B, Wei Q. Increasing number of imported Plasmodium ovale wallikeri malaria in Shandong Province, China, 2015-2017. Acta Trop 2019; 191:248-251. [PMID: 30659805 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Since 2012, no indigenous malaria case have been reported in Shandong Province, China, whereas the number of imported cases and the genetic diversity of Plasmodium spp. have increased. Beginning in 2015, the number of Plasmodium ovale cases were increased and the P. ovale wallikeri malaria case began to arise. From 2015 to 2017, a total of 676 imported malaria cases were detected and 76 P. ovale spp. isolates were identified, of which 48 were P. ovale curtisi and 28 P. ovale wallikeri. The number of P. ovale wallikeri malaria cases increased yearly, six were identified in 2015, eight were identified in 2016, and 14 were identified in 2017. All cases with an attached travel history from Africa, with represented source countries of Equatorial Guinea (n = 9), Republic of the Congo (n = 4), and Democratic Republic of the Congo (n = 3). P. ovale wallikeri is increasing among travelers returning to Shandong Province from Africa. Although the P. ovale spp. infection rarely progressed to severity, this species is suspected to generate hypnozoites which have the potential to relapse. The ability to cause relapse is the threat to public health and should be concerned.
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Yavne Y, Leshem E, Paran Y, Nadir E, Weinberger M, Stein M, Petersiel N, Yahav D, Grossman T, Schwartz E. Plasmodium malariae in Israeli Travelers: A Nationwide Study. Clin Infect Dis 2018; 65:1516-1522. [PMID: 29020345 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about Plasmodium malariae, a relatively rare cause of malaria in returned travelers. Recently, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) use for malaria diagnosis has enhanced specificity of P. malariae detection. The study objective was to describe the unique aspects of P. malariae diagnosis and clinical course in travelers. Methods Malaria is a reportable disease in Israel. All PCR-proven P. malariae monoinfections in Israeli travelers between January 2008 and January 2017 were retrieved from the Ministry of Health Reference Parasitology Laboratory. Data regarding method and timing of diagnosis, clinical characteristics, and laboratory testing were collected from patient charts. Results Eighteen patients with P. malariae were included. All cases were acquired in Africa. During the study period, the relative proportion of P. malariae increased (2%-10% of all malaria cases). Malaria was identified by blood smear in 10 of 18 patients (56%) on admission, and by rapid antigen test in 5 of 18 (29%) patients only, while P. malariae speciation was correctly identified by smear in 2 of 18 (11%) patients. Though all patients reported fever, only 4 of 18 (22%) described a quartan fever course. In 7 of 18 (39%) patients, malaria was contracted despite prophylactic treatment. Five patients had prolonged prepatent periods (median, 55 days), all of whom received prior prophylaxis. Conclusions The relative proportion of P. malariae is on the rise. Diagnosis in routine clinical settings is inadequate due to the low sensitivity and specificity of blood smears. PCR should be considered when clinical suspicion is high. Prophylaxis failure, which caused delayed clinical presentation, was documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarden Yavne
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University
| | - Eyal Leshem
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University.,Center for Geographic Medicine and Department of Medicine C, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer
| | - Yael Paran
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University.,Infectious Diseases Unit, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv
| | - Eyal Nadir
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, affiliated to the School of Medicine, Hebrew University and Hadassah, Jerusalem
| | - Miriam Weinberger
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University.,Infectious Diseases Unit, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center
| | - Michal Stein
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera
| | - Neta Petersiel
- Unit of Infectious Diseases and Internal Medicine B, Rambam Medical Center and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa
| | - Dafna Yahav
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tikva
| | - Tamar Grossman
- Reference Parasitology Laboratory, Central Laboratories, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eli Schwartz
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University.,Center for Geographic Medicine and Department of Medicine C, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer
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Two-stage sample-to-answer system based on nucleic acid amplification approach for detection of malaria parasites. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 82:1-8. [PMID: 27031184 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Rapid, early, and accurate diagnosis of malaria is essential for effective disease management and surveillance, and can reduce morbidity and mortality associated with the disease. Although significant advances have been achieved for the diagnosis of malaria, these technologies are still far from ideal, being time consuming, complex and poorly sensitive as well as requiring separate assays for sample processing and detection. Therefore, the development of a fast and sensitive method that can integrate sample processing with detection of malarial infection is desirable. Here, we report a two-stage sample-to-answer system based on nucleic acid amplification approach for detection of malaria parasites. It combines the Dimethyl adipimidate (DMA)/Thin film Sample processing (DTS) technique as a first stage and the Mach-Zehnder Interferometer-Isothermal solid-phase DNA Amplification (MZI-IDA) sensing technique as a second stage. The system can extract DNA from malarial parasites using DTS technique in a closed system, not only reducing sample loss and contamination, but also facilitating the multiplexed malarial DNA detection using the fast and accurate MZI-IDA technique. Here, we demonstrated that this system can deliver results within 60min (including sample processing, amplification and detection) with high sensitivity (<1 parasite μL(-1)) in a label-free and real-time manner. The developed system would be of great potential for better diagnosis of malaria in low-resource settings.
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Roth JM, Korevaar DA, Leeflang MMG, Mens PF. Molecular malaria diagnostics: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2015; 53:87-105. [DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2015.1084991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Khim N, Andrianaranjaka V, Popovici J, Kim S, Ratsimbasoa A, Benedet C, Barnadas C, Durand R, Thellier M, Legrand E, Musset L, Menegon M, Severini C, Nour BYM, Tichit M, Bouchier C, Mercereau-Puijalon O, Ménard D. Effects of mefloquine use on Plasmodium vivax multidrug resistance. Emerg Infect Dis 2015; 20:1637-44. [PMID: 25272023 PMCID: PMC4193276 DOI: 10.3201/eid2010.140411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of mefloquine against P. falciparum jeopardizes its future use against P. vivax. Numerous studies have indicated a strong association between amplification of the multidrug resistance-1 gene and in vivo and in vitro mefloquine resistance of Plasmodium falciparum. Although falciparum infection usually is not treated with mefloquine, incorrect diagnosis, high frequency of undetected mixed infections, or relapses of P. vivax infection triggered by P. falciparum infections expose non–P. falciparum parasites to mefloquine. To assess the consequences of such unintentional treatments on P. vivax, we studied variations in number of Pvmdr-1 (PlasmoDB accession no. PVX_080100, NCBI reference sequence NC_009915.1) copies worldwide in 607 samples collected in areas with different histories of mefloquine use from residents and from travelers returning to France. Number of Pvmdr-1 copies correlated with drug use history. Treatment against P. falciparum exerts substantial collateral pressure against sympatric P. vivax, jeopardizing future use of mefloquine against P. vivax. A drug policy is needed that takes into consideration all co-endemic species of malaria parasites.
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10
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Kim S, Nhem S, Dourng D, Ménard D. Malaria rapid diagnostic test as point-of-care test: study protocol for evaluating the VIKIA Malaria Ag Pf/Pan. Malar J 2015; 14:114. [PMID: 25889784 PMCID: PMC4389415 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0633-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are generally considered as point-of-care tests. However, most of the studies assessing the performance of malaria RDTs are conducted by research teams that are not representative of the classical end-users, who are typically unskilled in traditional laboratory techniques for diagnosing malaria. To evaluate the performance of a malaria RDT by end-users in a malaria-endemic area, a study protocol was designed and the VIKIA® Malaria Ag Pf/Pan test, previously evaluated in 2013, was re-evaluated by representative end-users. Methods Twenty end-users with four different profiles in seven communes in Kampot Province (Cambodia) were selected. A set of 20 calibrated aliquots, including negative samples, low positive samples (200 parasites/μL of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax) and high positive samples (2,000 parasites/μL of P. falciparum and P. vivax) was used. Testing was performed directly by the end-users without any practical training on the VIKIA® Malaria Ag Pf/Pan kit. Results All results obtained by the end-users were consistent with the expected results, except for the low positive (200 parasites/μL) P. vivax aliquot (35% of concordant results). No significant difference was observed between the different end-users. End-user interviews evaluating ease-of-use and ease-of-reading of the VIKIA® Malaria Ag Pf/Pan kit recorded 159 positive answers and only one negative answer. Out of 20 end-users, only one considered the test was not easy to perform with the support of the quick guide. Conclusions The data presented in this study clearly demonstrate that the performance of the VIKIA® Malaria Ag Pf/Pan test when performed by traditional end-users in field conditions is similar to that obtained by a research team and that this RDT can be considered as a point-of-care tool/assay. Furthermore, the protocol designed for this study could be used systematically in parallel to conventional evaluation studies to determine the performance of malaria RDTs in field conditions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-015-0633-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saorin Kim
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
| | - Sina Nhem
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
| | - Dany Dourng
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
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Port JR, Nguetse C, Adukpo S, Velavan TP. A reliable and rapid method for molecular detection of malarial parasites using microwave irradiation and loop mediated isothermal amplification. Malar J 2014; 13:454. [PMID: 25421401 PMCID: PMC4256729 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-13-454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Improved living conditions together with appropriate diagnosis can reduce avoidable malarial deaths substantially. Microscopy remains the gold standard in the diagnosis of malaria. However, rapid molecular diagnostic tests (RmDT) are becoming increasingly important and will, most likely, be the diagnostic techniques of choice in the next years. Methods In this study, a rapid and reliable nucleic acid extraction procedure from human blood and malarial parasites using microwave irradiation as a promising platform is described. In addition, a tailored loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) methodology that utilizes hydroxynaphthol blue (HNB) and Bst 2.0 DNA polymerases in molecular detection of malarial parasites is described. Results Following microwave irradiation for DNA isolation, conventional PCR assays were able to detect up to five malaria parasites/μl. The LAMP methodology described here was capable to detect as low as one Plasmodium falciparum parasite/μl after DNA extraction by microwave irradiation. A turnover time of 45 minutes from nucleic acid extraction to final visual read-out was achieved. Conclusions The described procedure offers a cheap, simple and fast method of molecular detection of malaria parasites. This test can easily be performed in basic laboratories. The methodology has been validated as a proof of concept and has specifically be developed for use at low-resource settings. Such RmDTs may aid health providers to make timely therapeutic interventions in malaria endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thirumalaisamy P Velavan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstrasse 27, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
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Strøm GEA, Tellevik MG, Hanevik K, Langeland N, Blomberg B. Comparison of four methods for extracting DNA from dried blood on filter paper for PCR targeting the mitochondrial Plasmodium genome. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2014; 108:488-94. [PMID: 24907711 PMCID: PMC4096016 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/tru084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies comparing multiple methods for DNA extraction from dried blood spots (DBS) on filter paper for PCR targeting the Plasmodium genome have been done. METHODS Frequently-used methods for DNA extraction from DBS using Chelex-100, InstaGene Matrix, QIAamp DNA Mini Kit and TE buffer were compared on a dilution series of a standardized Plasmodium falciparum positive sample. The two DNA extraction methods resulting in the lowest limits of detection were compared by testing both on 31 P. falciparum positive samples collected under field conditions and stored for 4 years. RESULTS The Chelex-100, InstaGene Matrix and QIAamp DNA Mini Kit methods performed similarly, resulting in the detection of 0.5 to 2 parasites per microliter (p/µl). The same 13 clinical samples (13/31; 42%) were positive using both DNA extraction methods with the lowest limits of detection. CONCLUSIONS Simple and low-cost methods can be sensitive and useful in extracting DNA from DBS. Poor results on stored clinical DBS indicate that further studies on the impact of storage duration and conditions, and choice of filter paper should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gro E A Strøm
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway National Centre for Tropical Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Marit G Tellevik
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway National Centre for Tropical Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Kurt Hanevik
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway National Centre for Tropical Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Nina Langeland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Bjørn Blomberg
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway National Centre for Tropical Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
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Canier L, Khim N, Kim S, Sluydts V, Heng S, Dourng D, Eam R, Chy S, Khean C, Loch K, Ken M, Lim H, Siv S, Tho S, Masse-Navette P, Gryseels C, Uk S, Van Roey K, Grietens KP, Sokny M, Thavrin B, Chuor CM, Deubel V, Durnez L, Coosemans M, Ménard D. An innovative tool for moving malaria PCR detection of parasite reservoir into the field. Malar J 2013; 12:405. [PMID: 24206649 PMCID: PMC3829804 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-12-405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To achieve the goal of malaria elimination in low transmission areas such as in Cambodia, new, inexpensive, high-throughput diagnostic tools for identifying very low parasite densities in asymptomatic carriers are required. This will enable a switch from passive to active malaria case detection in the field. METHODS DNA extraction and real-time PCR assays were implemented in an "in-house" designed mobile laboratory allowing implementation of a robust, sensitive and rapid malaria diagnostic strategy in the field. This tool was employed in a survey organized in the context of the MalaResT project (NCT01663831). RESULTS The real-time PCR screening and species identification assays were performed in the mobile laboratory between October and November 2012, in Rattanakiri Province, to screen approximately 5,000 individuals in less than four weeks and treat parasite carriers within 24-48 hours after sample collection. An average of 240 clinical samples (and 40 quality control samples) was tested every day, six/seven days per week. Some 97.7% of the results were available <24 hours after the collection. A total of 4.9% were positive for malaria. Plasmodium vivax was present in 61.1% of the positive samples, Plasmodium falciparum in 45.9%, Plasmodium malariae in 7.0% and Plasmodium ovale in 2.0%. CONCLUSIONS The operational success of this diagnostic set-up proved that molecular testing and subsequent treatment is logistically achievable in field settings. This will allow the detection of clusters of asymptomatic carriers and to provide useful epidemiological information. Fast results will be of great help for staff in the field to track and treat asymptomatic parasitaemic cases. The concept of the mobile laboratory could be extended to other countries for the molecular detection of malaria or other pathogens, or to culture vivax parasites, which does not support long-time delay between sample collection and culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydie Canier
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Nimol Khim
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Saorin Kim
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | - Somony Heng
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dany Dourng
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Rotha Eam
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sophy Chy
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Chanra Khean
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Kaknika Loch
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Malen Ken
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Hokkean Lim
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sovannaroath Siv
- National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sochantha Tho
- National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | | | - Sambunny Uk
- National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | | | - Mao Sokny
- National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Boukheng Thavrin
- National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Char Meng Chuor
- National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | - Lies Durnez
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marc Coosemans
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Mouatcho JC, Goldring JPD. Malaria rapid diagnostic tests: challenges and prospects. J Med Microbiol 2013; 62:1491-1505. [PMID: 24048274 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.052506-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, there has been an upsurge of interest in developing malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kits for the detection of Plasmodium species. Three antigens - Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2), plasmodial aldolase and plasmodial lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) - are currently used for RDTs. Tests targeting HRP2 contribute to more than 90% of the malaria RDTs in current use. However, the specificities, sensitivities, numbers of false positives, numbers of false negatives and temperature tolerances of these tests vary considerably, illustrating the difficulties and challenges facing current RDTs. This paper describes recent developments in malaria RDTs, reviewing RDTs detecting PfHRP2, pLDH and plasmodial aldolase. The difficulties associated with RDTs, such as genetic variability in the Pfhrp2 gene and the persistence of antigens in the bloodstream following the elimination of parasites, are discussed. The prospect of overcoming the problems associated with current RDTs with a new generation of alternative malaria antigen targets is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel C Mouatcho
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01 Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - J P Dean Goldring
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01 Scottsville 3209, South Africa
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15
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Bouyou Akotet MK, Mawili-Mboumba DP, Madoungou B, Kombila M. Performances of malaria P.f/Pan rapid test device Acon® (Pf HRP2/pan aldolase) and malaria Pf rapid test device Acon® (Pf HRP2) for the diagnosis of malaria in adults and children living in Gabon, Central Africa. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 77:58-63. [PMID: 23791385 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The Malaria Pf Rapid Test Device Acon® (Acon Labs) and the pan HRP2/aldolase RDT, Malaria P.f/Pan Rapid Test Device Acon® (Acon Labs), performances were evaluated for malaria species diagnosis in 592 febrile patients living in Gabon using microscopy as gold standard. Sensitivities were equal or above 96.0% for Plasmodium falciparum detection, of 62.5% for non-P. falciparum malaria species detection and higher in younger children (100%). Negative predictive values were greater than 97.0%. Acon®HRP2 had a higher specificity (96.6%) and lower false-positive (FP) rate (9.3%) compared to Acon®Pf/Pan, which had a specificity of 87.3% and a FP rate of 27.1% (P < 0.01). Overall, 32.5% of all Acon® Pf/Pan tests resulted in a "faint band" with only 2 resulted from samples with a parasitemia below 100 p/μL. The accuracy of Acon®HRP2 RDT for the diagnosis of P. falciparum infection is confirmed. However, the high FP rate observed with Acon®Pf/Pan is a limitation for its use.
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16
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Eibach D, Traore B, Bouchrik M, Coulibaly B, Coulibaly N, Siby F, Bonnot G, Bienvenu AL, Picot S. Evaluation of the malaria rapid diagnostic test VIKIA malaria Ag Pf/Pan™ in endemic and non-endemic settings. Malar J 2013; 12:188. [PMID: 23742633 PMCID: PMC3684529 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-12-188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are a useful tool in endemic malaria countries, where light microscopy is not feasible. In non-endemic countries they can be used as complementary tests to provide timely results in case of microscopy inexperience. This study aims to compare the new VIKIA Malaria Ag Pf/Pan™ RDT with PCR-corrected microscopy results and the commonly used CareStart™ RDT to diagnose falciparum and non-falciparum malaria in the endemic setting of Bamako, Mali and the non-endemic setting of Lyon, France. Methods Blood samples were collected during a 12-months and six-months period in 2011 from patients suspected to have malaria in Lyon and Bamako respectively. The samples were examined by light microscopy, the VIKIA Malaria Ag Pf/Pan™ test and in Bamako additionally with the CareStart™ RDT. Discordant results were corrected by real-time PCR. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were used to evaluate test performance. Results Samples of 877 patients from both sites were included. The VIKIA Malaria Ag Pf/Pan™ had a sensitivity of 98% and 96% for Plasmodium falciparum in Lyon and Bamako, respectively, performing similar to PCR-corrected microscopy. Conclusions The VIKIA Malaria Ag Pf/Pan™ performs similar to PCR-corrected microscopy for the detection of P. falciparum, making it a valuable tool in malaria endemic and non-endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Eibach
- Institut de Parasitologie et de Mycologie Médicale, Faculty of Medicine, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.
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