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Peng WB, Li YP, Zeng Y, Chen K. Transglutaminase 2 serves as a pathogenic hub gene of KRAS mutant colon cancer based on integrated analysis. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:2074-2090. [PMID: 38764826 PMCID: PMC11099438 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i5.2074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colon cancer is acknowledged as one of the most common malignancies worldwide, ranking third in United States regarding incidence and mortality. Notably, approximately 40% of colon cancer cases harbor oncogenic KRAS mutations, resulting in the continuous activation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. AIM To investigate the key pathogenic genes in KRAS mutant colon cancer holds considerable importance. METHODS Weighted gene co-expression network analysis, in combination with additional bioinformatics analysis, were conducted to screen the key factors driving the progression of KRAS mutant colon cancer. Meanwhile, various in vitro experiments were also conducted to explore the biological function of transglutaminase 2 (TGM2). RESULTS Integrated analysis demonstrated that TGM2 acted as an independent prognostic factor for progression-free survival. Immunohistochemical analysis on tissue microarrays revealed that TGM2 was associated with an elevated probability of perineural invasion in patients with KRAS mutant colon cancer. Additionally, biological roles of the key gene TGM2 was also assessed, suggesting that the downregulation of TGM2 attenuated the proliferation, invasion, and migration of the KRAS mutant colon cancer cell line. CONCLUSION This study underscores the potential significance of TGM2 in the progression of KRAS mutant colon cancer. This insight not only offers a theoretical foundation for therapeutic approaches but also highlights the need for additional clinical trials and fundamental research to support our preliminary findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Bin Peng
- First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu-Ping Li
- First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, Guangdong Province, China
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Nowak JI, Olszewska AM, Wierzbicka JM, Gebert M, Bartoszewski R, Żmijewski MA. VDR and PDIA3 Are Essential for Activation of Calcium Signaling and Membrane Response to 1,25(OH) 2D 3 in Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells. Cells 2023; 13:11. [PMID: 38201216 PMCID: PMC10778127 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The genomic activity of 1,25(OH)2D3 is mediated by vitamin D receptor (VDR), whilst non-genomic is associated with protein disulfide isomerase family A member 3 (PDIA3). Interestingly, our recent studies documented that PDIA3 is also involved, directly or indirectly, in the modulation of genomic response to 1,25(OH)2D3. Moreover, PDIA3 was also shown to regulate cellular bioenergetics, possibly through the modulation of STAT signaling. Here, the role of VDR and PDIA3 proteins in membrane response to 1,25(OH)2D3 and calcium signaling was investigated in squamous cell carcinoma A431 cell line with or without the deletion of VDR and PDIA3 genes. Calcium influx was assayed by Fura-2AM or Fluo-4AM, while calcium-regulated element (NFAT) activation was measured using a dual luciferase assay. Further, the levels of proteins involved in membrane response to 1,25(OH)2D3 in A431 cell lines were analyzed via Western blot analysis. The deletion of either PDIA3 or VDR resulted in the decreased baseline levels of Ca2+ and its responsiveness to 1,25(OH)2D3; however, the effect was more pronounced in A431∆PDIA3. Furthermore, the knockout of either of these genes disrupted 1,25(OH)2D3-elicited membrane signaling. The data presented here indicated that the VDR is essential for the activation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha (CAMK2A), while PDIA3 is required for 1,25(OH)2D3-induced calcium mobilization in A431 cells. Taken together, those results suggest that both VDR and PDIA3 are essential for non-genomic response to this powerful secosteroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna I. Nowak
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (J.I.N.); (A.M.O.); (J.M.W.)
| | - Anna M. Olszewska
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (J.I.N.); (A.M.O.); (J.M.W.)
| | - Justyna M. Wierzbicka
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (J.I.N.); (A.M.O.); (J.M.W.)
| | - Magdalena Gebert
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics-Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-134 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Rafał Bartoszewski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Michał A. Żmijewski
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (J.I.N.); (A.M.O.); (J.M.W.)
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Gao J, Wang S, Wan H, Lan J, Yan Y, Yin D, Zhou W, Hun S, He Q. Prognostic Value of Transglutaminase 2 in Patients with Solid Tumors: A Meta-analysis. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2023; 27:36-43. [PMID: 36809173 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2022.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Transglutaminase 2 (TG2), a member of the transglutaminase family, also known as tissue transglutaminase, plays a fundamental role in cancer growth and progression. In this study, we aimed to comprehensively review the evidence of TG2 as a prognostic biomarker in solid tumors. Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for human studies with clearly described cancer types if they presented the relationship between TG2 expression and prognostic indicators from inception to February 2022. Two authors independently screened the eligible studies and extracted the relevant data. The association between TG2 and overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and relapse-free survival (RFS) were described as hazard ratios (HR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using Cochrane Q-test and Higgins I-squared statistic. A sensitivity analysis was conducted by sequentially omitting the impact of each study. Publication bias was assessed by Egger's funnel plot. Results: A total of 2864 patients with various cancers from 11 individual studies were enrolled. Results showed that elevated TG2 protein expression and mRNA expression predicted a shorter OS, with a combined HR of 1.93 (95% CI: 1.41-2.63) or HR of 1.95 (95% CI: 1.27-2.99), respectively. Moreover, data suggested that elevated TG2 protein expression was correlated with a shorter DFS (HR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.36-2.29); whereas elevated TG2 mRNA expression was associated with a shorter DFS (HR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.30-2.24). Conclusions: Our meta-analysis indicated that TG2 might serve as a promising biomarker of cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shengjiang Wang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Haiyan Wan
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinfeng Lan
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yong Yan
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Dongmei Yin
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenjing Zhou
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shouyong Hun
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Qi He
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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4
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Song C, Pan S, Zhang J, Li N, Geng Q. Mitophagy: A novel perspective for insighting into cancer and cancer treatment. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13327. [PMID: 36200262 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitophagy refers to the selective self-elimination of mitochondria under damaged or certain developmental conditions. As an important regulatory mechanism to remove damaged mitochondria and maintain the internal and external cellular balance, mitophagy plays pivotal roles in carcinogenesis and progression as well as treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, we combined data from recent years to comprehensively describe the regulatory mechanisms of mitophagy and its multifaceted significance in cancer, and discusse the potential of targeted mitophagy as a cancer treatment strategy. RESULTS The molecular mechanisms regulating mitophagy are complex, diverse, and cross-talk. Inducing or blocking mitophagy has the same or completely different effects in different cancer contexts. Mitophagy plays an indispensable role in regulating cancer metabolic reprogramming, cell stemness, and chemotherapy resistance for better adaptation to tumor microenvironment. In cancer cell biology, mitophagy is considered to be a double-edged sword. And to fully understand the role of mitophagy in cancer development can provide new targets for cancer treatment in clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS This review synthesizes a large body of data to comprehensively describe the molecular mechanisms of mitophagy and its multidimensional significance in cancer and cancer treatment, which will undoubtedly deepen the understanding of mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congkuan Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shize Pan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Taihe Hospital, Shiyan, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Aepler J, Wodtke J, Wodtke R, Haase-Kohn C, Löser R, Pietzsch J, Hauser S. The Role of Transglutaminase 2 in the Radioresistance of Melanoma Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081342. [PMID: 35456021 PMCID: PMC9027323 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a protein expressed in many tissues that exerts numerous, sometimes contradictory, intra- and extracellular functions, under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. In the context of tumor progression, it has been found to be involved in cell adhesion, DNA repair mechanisms, induction of apoptosis, and mesenchymal transdifferentiation, among others. Here, we hypothesized that TG2 also contributes to the radioresistance of two human melanoma cell lines, A375 and MeWo, which can be seen to differ in their basal TG2 biosynthesis by examining their proliferation and clonal expansion after irradiation. For this purpose, cellular TG2 biosynthesis and TG2 activity were modulated by transfection-induced overexpression or TG2 knock-out and application of TG2-selective inhibitors. Proliferation and clonal expansion of TG2-overexpressing cells was not enhanced over wildtype cells, suggesting that increased TG2 biosynthesis does not further enhance the radioresistance of melanoma cells. Conversely, TG2 knock-out in A375 cells reduced their proliferation, as well as clonal and spheroidal expansion after irradiation, which indicates a contribution of TG2 to the radioresistance of melanoma cells. Since TG1, TG3, and partly also, TG6 biosynthesis was detectable in A375 and MeWo cells, it can be assumed that these other members of the TG family may exert a partially compensatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Aepler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany; (J.A.); (J.W.); (R.W.); (C.H.-K.); (R.L.); (J.P.)
- School of Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Johanna Wodtke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany; (J.A.); (J.W.); (R.W.); (C.H.-K.); (R.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Robert Wodtke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany; (J.A.); (J.W.); (R.W.); (C.H.-K.); (R.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Cathleen Haase-Kohn
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany; (J.A.); (J.W.); (R.W.); (C.H.-K.); (R.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Reik Löser
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany; (J.A.); (J.W.); (R.W.); (C.H.-K.); (R.L.); (J.P.)
- School of Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany; (J.A.); (J.W.); (R.W.); (C.H.-K.); (R.L.); (J.P.)
- School of Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sandra Hauser
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany; (J.A.); (J.W.); (R.W.); (C.H.-K.); (R.L.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Xu Q, Cha Q, Qin H, Liu B, Wu X, Shi J. Identification of Master Regulators Driving Disease Progression, Relapse, and Drug Resistance in Lung Adenocarcinoma. FRONTIERS IN BIOINFORMATICS 2022; 2:813960. [PMID: 36304306 PMCID: PMC9580914 DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2022.813960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related death worldwide. Current treatment strategies primarily involve surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, determined by TNM stages, histologic types, and genetic profiles. Plenty of studies have been trying to identify robust prognostic gene expression signatures. Even for high performance signatures, they usually have few shared genes. This is not totally unexpected, since a prognostic signature is associated with patient survival and may contain no upstream regulators. Identification of master regulators driving disease progression is a vital step to understand underlying molecular mechanisms and develop new treatments. Methods: In this study, we have utilized a robust workflow to identify potential master regulators that drive poor prognosis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. This workflow takes gene expression signatures that are associated with poor survival of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma, EGFR-TKI resistance, and responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors, respectively, and identifies recurrent master regulators from seven public gene expression datasets by a regulatory network-based approach. Results: We have found that majority of the master regulators driving poor prognosis in early stage LUAD are cell-cycle related according to Gene Ontology annotation. However, they were demonstrated experimentally to promote a spectrum of processes such as tumor cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. Master regulators predicted from EGFR-TKI resistance signature and the EMT pathway signature are largely shared, which suggests that EMT pathway functions as a hub and interact with other pathways such as hypoxia, angiogenesis, TNF-α signaling, inflammation, TNF-β signaling, Wnt, and Notch signaling pathways. Master regulators that repress immunotherapy are enriched with MYC targets, E2F targets, oxidative phosphorylation, and mTOR signaling. Conclusion: Our study uncovered possible mechanisms underlying recurrence, resistance to targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. The predicted master regulators may serve as potential therapeutic targets in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Xu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiongfang Cha
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Qin
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueling Wu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xueling Wu, ; Jiantao Shi,
| | - Jiantao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xueling Wu, ; Jiantao Shi,
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7
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Mitophagy in Cancer: A Tale of Adaptation. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050493. [PMID: 31121959 PMCID: PMC6562743 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
:In the past years, we have learnt that tumors co-evolve with their microenvironment, and that the active interaction between cancer cells and stromal cells plays a pivotal role in cancer initiation, progression and treatment response. Among the players involved, the pathways regulating mitochondrial functions have been shown to be crucial for both cancer and stromal cells. This is perhaps not surprising, considering that mitochondria in both cancerous and non-cancerous cells are decisive for vital metabolic and bioenergetic functions and to elicit cell death. The central part played by mitochondria also implies the existence of stringent mitochondrial quality control mechanisms, where a specialized autophagy pathway (mitophagy) ensures the selective removal of damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria. Although the molecular underpinnings of mitophagy regulation in mammalian cells remain incomplete, it is becoming clear that mitophagy pathways are intricately linked to the metabolic rewiring of cancer cells to support the high bioenergetic demand of the tumor. In this review, after a brief introduction of the main mitophagy regulators operating in mammalian cells, we discuss emerging cell autonomous roles of mitochondria quality control in cancer onset and progression. We also discuss the relevance of mitophagy in the cellular crosstalk with the tumor microenvironment and in anti-cancer therapy responses.
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8
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Eckert RL. Transglutaminase 2 takes center stage as a cancer cell survival factor and therapy target. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:837-853. [PMID: 30693974 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) has emerged as a key cancer cell survival factor that drives epithelial to mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, metastasis, inflammation, drug resistance, cancer stem cell survival and stemness, and invasion and migration. TG2 can exist in a GTP-bound signaling-active conformation or in a transamidase-active conformation. The GTP bound conformation of TG2 contributes to cell survival and the transamidase conformation can contribute to cell survival or death. We present evidence suggesting that TG2 has a role in human cancer, summarize what is known about the TG2 mechanism of action in a range of cancer types, and discuss TG2 as a cancer therapy target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Eckert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Daskalaki I, Gkikas I, Tavernarakis N. Hypoxia and Selective Autophagy in Cancer Development and Therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:104. [PMID: 30250843 PMCID: PMC6139351 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Low oxygen availability, a condition known as hypoxia, is a common feature of various pathologies including stroke, ischemic heart disease, and cancer. Hypoxia adaptation requires coordination of intricate pathways and mechanisms such as hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), the unfolded protein response (UPR), mTOR, and autophagy. Recently, great effort has been invested toward elucidating the interplay between hypoxia-induced autophagy and cancer cell metabolism. Although novel types of selective autophagy have been identified, including mitophagy, pexophagy, lipophagy, ERphagy and nucleophagy among others, their potential interface with hypoxia response mechanisms remains poorly understood. Autophagy activation facilitates the removal of damaged cellular compartments and recycles components, thus promoting cell survival. Importantly, tumor cells rely on autophagy to support self-proliferation and metastasis; characteristics related to poor disease prognosis. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the molecular crosstalk between hypoxia response mechanisms and autophagy could provide important insights with relevance to cancer and hypoxia-related pathologies. Here, we survey recent findings implicating selective autophagy in hypoxic responses, and discuss emerging links between these pathways and cancer pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Daskalaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ilias Gkikas
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Basic Sciences, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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10
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Macher-Goeppinger S, Keith M, Hatiboglu G, Hohenfellner M, Schirmacher P, Roth W, Tagscherer KE. Expression and Functional Characterization of the BNIP3 Protein in Renal Cell Carcinomas. Transl Oncol 2017; 10:869-875. [PMID: 28918350 PMCID: PMC5602480 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BNIP3 (Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa interacting protein 3) is a BH3-only protein that regulates apoptosis and autophagy. BNIP3 plays also an important role in hypoxia-induced cell response and is regulated by HIF1. Here, we studied a possible association of BNIP3 expression and the prognosis of patients with renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) and examined the functional relevance of BNIP3 in the regulation of cell survival and apoptosis of renal carcinoma cells. BNIP3 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry in RCC tumor tissue samples of 569 patients using a tissue microarray. Functional characterization of BNIP3 in renal carcinoma cells indicates prosurvival effects. In human RCC tumor samples, high cytoplasmic BNIP3 expression was associated with high-grade RCCs and regional lymph node metastasis. BNIP3 expression correlated negatively with disease-specific survival. Multivariate Cox regression analysis retained BNIP3 expression as an independent prognostic factor in patients without distant metastasis. Together, our studies imply that BNIP3 regulates cell survival in RCCs and its expression is an independent prognostic marker in patients with localized RCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Macher-Goeppinger
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Martina Keith
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gencay Hatiboglu
- Department of Urology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Hohenfellner
- Department of Urology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wilfried Roth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katrin E Tagscherer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Harb OA, Elsayed WSH, Ismail EI, Toam MM, Ammar MG. Thioredoxin-Interact ing-Pro t e in [TXNIP] and Transglutaminase 2 [TGM2] Expression in Meningiomas of Different Grades and the Role of Their Expression in
Meningioma Recurrence and Prognosis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:2299-2308. [PMID: 28843270 PMCID: PMC5697495 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.8.2299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Meningiomas are common central nervous system (CNS) tumors that account for thirty percent of
primary intracranial tumors.. The accuracy of predicting meningioma recurrence and progression is not enough. So, there
is a real need for discovering recent factors for identification of the relapse risk, progression rates, which patients will
need aggressive treatment and predicting and improving patients’ survival. Thioredoxin-interacting-protein [TXNIP]
is an alpha-arrestin-protein family member that is mapped on chromosome 1-q21–22 and is found to participate in
cellular redox reactions regulations and control. Transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) is a transglutaminase enzyme family
member that is found in many human cells, it may act as an enzyme, a structural protein and also has multiple roles
in many cellular activities. Aim of our study: It was to explore the expression of TXNIP, TGM2 and Ki-67 using
immunohistochemistry in different pathological grades of meningiomas, and to investigate the relevance between
their expressions, clinicopathological criteria, disease recurrence and prognosis of meningioma patients. Methods: we
included 50 cases of meningioma of different pathological grades; all patients were managed according to their grade
by surgery alone, with radiotherapy or combined modalities. Sections from paraffin blocks prepared from samples of all
patients stained by TXNIP, TGM2 and Ki-67 using immunohistochemistry. Results: high expression of TXNIP in 28
out of 50 (56%) cases of meningioma of different pathological grades and was positively correlated with meningioma
lower grade, low KI labeling index (p=0.000), adequacy of resection, negatively correlated with high incidence of
recurrence after surgery and it was negatively correlated with meningioma higher pathological grades (p=0.000). We
detected high expression of TGM2 in 21 out of 50 (42%) cases of meningioma and it was positively correlated with
meningioma higher grade (p= 0.002), high KI labeling index (p=0.000), high incidence of recurrence after surgery,
progression to higher pathological grades and was negatively correlated with adequacy of resection of meningioma
(p=0.000). Conclusion: There is inverse relation between both [TXNIP and TGM2 expression in meningiomas and the
combination of decreased expression of TXNIP and increased expression of TGM2 could predict risk of meningioma
recurrence and progression in to higher pathological grades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola A Harb
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
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Yeo SY, Itahana Y, Guo AK, Han R, Iwamoto K, Nguyen HT, Bao Y, Kleiber K, Wu YJ, Bay BH, Voorhoeve M, Itahana K. Transglutaminase 2 contributes to a TP53-induced autophagy program to prevent oncogenic transformation. eLife 2016; 5:e07101. [PMID: 26956429 PMCID: PMC4798945 DOI: 10.7554/elife.07101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic alterations which impair the function of the TP53 signaling pathway in TP53 wild-type human tumors remain elusive. To identify new components of this pathway, we performed a screen for genes whose loss-of-function debilitated TP53 signaling and enabled oncogenic transformation of human mammary epithelial cells. We identified transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) as a putative tumor suppressor in the TP53 pathway. TGM2 suppressed colony formation in soft agar and tumor formation in a xenograft mouse model. The depletion of growth supplements induced both TGM2 expression and autophagy in a TP53-dependent manner, and TGM2 promoted autophagic flux by enhancing autophagic protein degradation and autolysosome clearance. Reduced expression of both CDKN1A, which regulates the cell cycle downstream of TP53, and TGM2 synergized to promote oncogenic transformation. Our findings suggest that TGM2-mediated autophagy and CDKN1A-mediated cell cycle arrest are two important barriers in the TP53 pathway that prevent oncogenic transformation. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07101.001 Cancers grow from rogue cells that manage to defy the strict rules that normally stop a cell from dividing when it should not. Each cell contains many proteins that are responsible for implementing these rules, and thus help to prevent tumors from forming. One of these proteins – p53 (which is also called TP53) – plays a central role in this process. Information about many processes within and around a cell filters through the p53 protein, before being passed on to a range of different proteins. The proteins that are alerted by p53 are commonly referred to as its 'downstream effectors', and it is these proteins that stop cells from dividing too much. For example, the protein p21 (also called CDKN1A) – which is the best understood of p53’s downstream effectors – hinders the machinery that causes cells to divide. Other p53 effectors can cause cells to kill themselves to prevent cancer growth. However, recent experiments with mice predicted that there may be other p53’s effectors that are important too. Yeo, Itahana et al. have now depleted the proteins that potentially work in p53’s network, one by one, in human cells called mammary epithelial cells, to test if these cells can become cancerous in the laboratory. The experiments showed that another downstream effector protein of p53 – an enzyme called transglutaminase 2 – contributes to prevent these mammary epithelial cells from becoming cancerous. Transglutaminase 2 promotes a process known as autophagy, which recycles damaged and old components of the cell, and therefore normally helps to keep cells healthy. Yeo, Itahana et al. also demonstrated that the effects of both p21 and transglutaminase 2 are critical to stop human mammary epithelial cells grown in the laboratory from dividing too much and from forming tumors when injected into mice. These experiments provide a deeper understanding of how most cells manage to remain healthy rather than becoming cancerous and reveal a potential new target for the early detection of cancer. Further investigations could now explore whether therapies could re-activate this enzyme to prevent or treat cancer. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07101.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Yun Yeo
- Cancer & Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, , Singapore
| | - Yoko Itahana
- Cancer & Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, , Singapore
| | - Alvin Kunyao Guo
- Cancer & Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, , Singapore
| | - Rachel Han
- Cancer & Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, , Singapore
| | - Kozue Iwamoto
- Cancer & Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, , Singapore
| | - Hung Thanh Nguyen
- Cancer & Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, , Singapore
| | - Yi Bao
- Cancer & Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, , Singapore
| | - Kai Kleiber
- Cancer & Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, , Singapore
| | - Ya Jun Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, , Singapore
| | - Boon Huat Bay
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, , Singapore
| | - Mathijs Voorhoeve
- Cancer & Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, , Singapore
| | - Koji Itahana
- Cancer & Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, , Singapore
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Koo JS, Kim JW, Yoon JS. Expression of Autophagy and Reactive Oxygen Species-Related Proteins in Lacrimal Gland Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma. Yonsei Med J 2016; 57:482-9. [PMID: 26847304 PMCID: PMC4740544 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2016.57.2.482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the difference of expression of autophagy and reactive oxygen species (ROS) related proteins in adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of lacrimal gland in comparison with ACC of salivary gland. MATERIALS AND METHODS Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples from patients pathologically diagnosed as lacrimal gland ACC (n=11) and salivary gland ACC (n=64) were used. Immunochemistry was used to measure expression of autophagy related proteins [beclin-1, light chain (LC) 3A, LC3B, p62, and BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3)] and ROS related proteins [catalase, thioredoxinreductase, glutathione S-transferasepi (GSTpi), thioredoxin interacting protein, and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD)]. The prognostic factors related to disease-free and overall survival (OS) in lacrimal gland ACC by log-rank tests, were determined. RESULTS GSTpi in stromal cells was more highly expressed in lacrimal gland ACC (p=0.006), however, MnSOD in epithelial cells was expressed more in salivary gland ACC (p=0.046). LC3B positivity and BNIP3 positivity in epithelial component were associated with shorter disease-free survival (both p=0.002), and LC3A positivity in stromal component was the factor related to shorter OS (p=0.005). CONCLUSION This is the first study to demonstrate the expression of autophagy and ROS related proteins in lacrimal gland ACC in comparison with the salivary gland ACC, which would provide a basis for further study of autophagy and ROS mechanism as novel therapeutic targets in lacrimal gland ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja Seung Koo
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Won Kim
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Sook Yoon
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Huang L, Xu AM, Liu W. Transglutaminase 2 in cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:2756-2776. [PMID: 26609482 PMCID: PMC4633903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The significant influence of tumor microenvironment on malignant cells has been investigated with enthusiasm in this era of targeted therapy. Transglutaminase 2 (TG2, EC 2.3.2.13), a multi-functional enzyme that catalyzes the formation of intermolecular isopeptide bonds between glutamine and lysine side-chains, has been reported to exert important pathophysiological functions. The aim of this review was to investigate the correlation between TG2 and malignant behaviors, which could provide the rationale for novel approaches in anti-cancer therapy. We performed a systematic and electronic search on Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science for relevant publications from inception to April 2015. The bibliographic references of retrieved articles were further reviewed for additional relevant studies. TG2 exerts important physiological functions and plays vital roles in inflammation mainly through its modulation on the structure and stability of extracellular matrix (ECM). It also regulates EMT of diverse malignant cells through various intracellular and extracellular pathways. TG2 also plays an important role in tumor progression and may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in various cancer types. TG2 promotes malignant cell mobility, invasion, and metastasis, and induces chemo-resistance of cancer cells, mainly through its pro-crosslink and signaling transduction mediation propensities. In conclusion, TG2 plays vital roles in malignancy progression, and may have important prognostic and therapeutic significances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
- Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
- Research Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, Heidelberg UniversityMannheim, Germany
| | - A-Man Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
- Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
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Maia D, de Carvalho AC, Horst MA, Carvalho AL, Scapulatempo-Neto C, Vettore AL. Expression of miR-296-5p as predictive marker for radiotherapy resistance in early-stage laryngeal carcinoma. J Transl Med 2015; 13:262. [PMID: 26264462 PMCID: PMC4533949 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0621-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Definitive radiation therapy is the mainstay of treatment for early stage laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). However, up to 30% of the patients do not respond to radiotherapy. Unfortunately, we are unable to predict which tumors are likely to respond to radiation, and which will be resistant and persist. Therefore, the development of novel markers to predict response to radiotherapy is urgently needed. This study was designed to evaluate the expression pattern of microRNAs (miRNAs) in LSCC in order to identify markers capable of segregating radioresistant and radiosensitive tumors and to investigate the relationship between the expression of these miRNAs and the prognosis of LSCC. METHODS The expression profile of 667 miRNAs was determined in an initial screening of nine early-stage LSCC samples (5 radioresistant and 4 radiosensitive) using TaqMan Low-Density Array (TLDA). Real-time polymerase chain reactions were performed to validate the expression of selected miRNAs in an expanded LSCC cohort (20 radioresistant and 14 radiosensitive). The miRNA expression level was scored as high or low based on the median of the expression in the LSCC samples. RESULTS A comprehensive miRNA expression profiling enabled the identification of four miRNAs (miR-296-5p miR-452, miR-183* and miR-200c) differentially expressed in radioresistant LSCC. Moreover, the analysis of additional 34 LSCC samples, confirmed the expression of miR-296-5p as significantly related to radioresistance (p = 0.002) as well as an association of this marker with recurrence (p = 0.025) in early stage laryngeal cancer. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that miR-296-5p expression is associated with resistance to radiotherapy and tumor recurrence in early stage LSCC, showing the feasibility of this marker as a novel prognostic factor for this malignance. Furthermore, miR-296-5p expression could be helpful in the identification of tumors resistant to radiotherapy; thus aiding the clinicians in the choice of the best therapeutic scheme to be used in each case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Maia
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669-11° andar, São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil.
| | - Ana Carolina de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669-11° andar, São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil. .,Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Vilela, 1331, Barretos, SP, 14784-400, Brazil.
| | - Maria Aderuza Horst
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669-11° andar, São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil.
| | - André Lopes Carvalho
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Vilela, 1331, Barretos, SP, 14784-400, Brazil. .,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, Barretos, 14784-400, Brazil.
| | - Cristovam Scapulatempo-Neto
- Department of Pathology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, Barretos, 14784-400, Brazil.
| | - Andre Luiz Vettore
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669-11° andar, São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil. .,Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
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Marioni G, Ottaviano G, Lionello M, Fasanaro E, Staffieri C, Giacomelli L, Gattazzo S, Staffieri A, Blandamura S. A panel of biomarkers for predicting response to postoperative RT for laryngeal cancer? Am J Otolaryngol 2014; 35:771-8. [PMID: 25064017 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) improves locoregional control and survival rates for patients with advanced laryngeal carcinoma (LSCC), but reported outcomes after PORT for LSCC vary considerably. Predictive markers (including biomarkers) are needed for LSCC to orient the choice of the most appropriate adjuvant therapy for individual patients. The aim of this study was to identify a panel of LSCC tissue markers (considering EGFR, mTOR, survivin, Bcl-2, angiogenin, endoglin [CD105], nm23-H1) capable of pinpointing patients at higher risk of recurrence among 33 LSCC cases treated with PORT. METHODS/RESULTS Univariate analysis found 4 biomarkers (mTOR, nuclear survivin, CD105, non-nuclear nm23-H1) significantly associated with LSCC recurrence. A collinearity emerged between mTOR and CD105 expressions. The predictive role of two different panels (panel 1: mTOR, nuclear survivin, non-nuclear nm23-H1; panel 2: CD105, nuclear survivin, non-nuclear nm23-H1) was considered. According to the Hosmer and Lemeshow scale, panel 1 demonstrated an outstanding discriminatory power (AUC 0.903) in predicting LSCC recurrence after PORT. Panel 2 had an excellent discriminatory power too (AUC 0.899). CONCLUSIONS Both panels of biomarkers showed an important discriminatory power in pinpointing patients at higher risk of recurrence after PORT for LSCC who could reasonably benefit from adjuvant postoperative chemo-RT.
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Huang YC, Wei KC, Chang CN, Chen PY, Hsu PW, Chen CP, Lu CS, Wang HL, Gutmann DH, Yeh TH. Transglutaminase 2 expression is increased as a function of malignancy grade and negatively regulates cell growth in meningioma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108228. [PMID: 25247996 PMCID: PMC4172767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Most meningiomas are benign, but some clinical-aggressive tumors exhibit brain invasion and cannot be resected without significant complications. To identify molecular markers for these clinically-aggressive meningiomas, we performed microarray analyses on 24 primary cultures from 21 meningiomas and 3 arachnoid membranes. Using this approach, increased transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) expression was observed, which was subsequently validated in an independent set of 82 meningiomas by immunohistochemistry. Importantly, the TGM2 expression level was associated with increasing WHO malignancy grade as well as meningioma recurrence. Inhibition of TGM2 function by siRNA or cystamine induced meningioma cell death, which was associated with reduced AKT phosphorylation and caspase-3 activation. Collectively, these findings suggest that TGM2 expression increases as a function of malignancy grade and tumor recurrence and that inhibition of TGM2 reduces meningioma cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Cheng Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chen Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Nen Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Yuan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Wei Hsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Carl P. Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Song Lu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Li Wang
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - David H. Gutmann
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Tu-Hsueh Yeh
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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BNIP3 supports melanoma cell migration and vasculogenic mimicry by orchestrating the actin cytoskeleton. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1127. [PMID: 24625986 PMCID: PMC3973222 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BNIP3 is an atypical BH3-only member of the BCL-2 family of proteins with reported pro-death as well as pro-autophagic and cytoprotective functions, depending on the type of stress and cellular context. In line with this, the role of BNIP3 in cancer is highly controversial and increased BNIP3 levels in cancer patients have been linked with both good as well as poor prognosis. In this study, using small hairpin RNA (shRNA) lentiviral transduction to stably knockdown BNIP3 (BNIP3-shRNA) expression levels in melanoma cells, we show that BNIP3 supports cancer cell survival and long-term clonogenic growth. Although BNIP3-shRNA increased mitochondrial mass and baseline levels of reactive oxygen species production, which are features associated with aggressive cancer cell behavior, it also prevented cell migration and completely abolished the ability to form a tubular-like network on matrigel, a hallmark of vasculogenic mimicry (VM). We found that this attenuated aggressive behavior of these melanoma cells was underscored by severe changes in cell morphology and remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton associated with loss of BNIP3. Indeed, BNIP3-silenced melanoma cells displayed enhanced formation of actin stress fibers and membrane ruffles, while lamellopodial protrusions and filopodia, tight junctions and adherens junctions were reduced. Moreover, loss of BNIP3 resulted in re-organization of focal adhesion sites associated with increased levels of phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase. Remarkably, BNIP3 silencing led to a drop of the protein levels of the integrin-associated protein CD47 and its downstream signaling effectors Rac1 and Cdc42. These observations underscore that BNIP3 is required to maintain steady-state levels of intracellular complexes orchestrating the plasticity of the actin cytoskeleton, which is integral to cell migration and other vital processes stimulating cancer progression. All together these results unveil an unprecedented pro-tumorigenic role of BNIP3 driving melanoma cell's aggressive features, like migration and VM.
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Caffarel MM, Chattopadhyay A, Araujo AM, Bauer J, Scarpini CG, Coleman N. Tissue transglutaminase mediates the pro-malignant effects of oncostatin M receptor over-expression in cervical squamous cell carcinoma. J Pathol 2013; 231:168-79. [PMID: 23765377 PMCID: PMC4288975 DOI: 10.1002/path.4222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Oncostatin M receptor (OSMR) is commonly over-expressed in advanced cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), producing a significantly worse clinical outcome. Cervical SCC cells that over-express OSMR show enhanced responsiveness to the major ligand OSM, which induces multiple pro-malignant effects, including increased cell migration and invasiveness. Here, we show that tissue transglutaminase (TGM2) is an important mediator of the ligand-dependent phenotypic effects of OSMR over-expression in SCC cells. TGM2 expression correlated with disease progression and with OSMR levels in clinical samples of cervical and oral SCC. TGM2 depletion in cervical SCC cells abrogated OSM-induced migration on fibronectin-coated surfaces and invasiveness through extracellular matrix, while ectopic expression of TGM2 increased cell motility and invasiveness. Confocal microscopy and co-immunoprecipitation assays showed that TGM2 interacted with integrin-α5β1 in the presence of fibronectin in cervical SCC cells, with OSM treatment strengthening the interaction. Importantly, integrin-α5β1 and fibronectin were also over-expressed in cervical and oral SCC, where levels correlated with those of OSMR and TGM2. This combined tissue and in vitro study demonstrates for the first time that stimulation of over-expressed OSMR in cervical SCC cells activates TGM2/integrin-α5β1 interactions and induces pro-malignant changes. We conclude that an OSMR/TGM2/integrin-α5β1/fibronectin pathway is of biological significance in cervical SCC and a candidate for therapeutic targeting.
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Lionello M, Blandamura S, Agostini M, Staffieri C, Lovato A, Tealdo G, Favaretto N, Giacomelli L, Loreggian L, Staffieri A, Marioni G. A prognostic role for Nm23-H1 in laryngeal carcinoma treated with postoperative radiotherapy: an introductory investigation. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 270:197-203. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-012-2133-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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