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Sarkar S, Zadrozny KK, Zadorozhnyi R, Russell RW, Quinn CM, Kleinpeter A, Ablan S, Meshkin H, Perilla JR, Freed EO, Ganser-Pornillos BK, Pornillos O, Gronenborn AM, Polenova T. Structural basis of HIV-1 maturation inhibitor binding and activity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1237. [PMID: 36871077 PMCID: PMC9985623 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36569-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 maturation inhibitors (MIs), Bevirimat (BVM) and its analogs interfere with the catalytic cleavage of spacer peptide 1 (SP1) from the capsid protein C-terminal domain (CACTD), by binding to and stabilizing the CACTD-SP1 region. MIs are under development as alternative drugs to augment current antiretroviral therapies. Although promising, their mechanism of action and associated virus resistance pathways remain poorly understood at the molecular, biochemical, and structural levels. We report atomic-resolution magic-angle-spinning NMR structures of microcrystalline assemblies of CACTD-SP1 complexed with BVM and/or the assembly cofactor inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6). Our results reveal a mechanism by which BVM disrupts maturation, tightening the 6-helix bundle pore and quenching the motions of SP1 and the simultaneously bound IP6. In addition, BVM-resistant SP1-A1V and SP1-V7A variants exhibit distinct conformational and binding characteristics. Taken together, our study provides a structural explanation for BVM resistance as well as guidance for the design of new MIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sucharita Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Kaneil K Zadrozny
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Roman Zadorozhnyi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Ryan W Russell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Caitlin M Quinn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Alex Kleinpeter
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702-1201, USA
| | - Sherimay Ablan
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702-1201, USA
| | - Hamed Meshkin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Juan R Perilla
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Eric O Freed
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702-1201, USA
| | - Barbie K Ganser-Pornillos
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - Owen Pornillos
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - Angela M Gronenborn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Tatyana Polenova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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2
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Hadpech S, Nangola S, Chupradit K, Fanhchaksai K, Furnon W, Urvoas A, Valerio-Lepiniec M, Minard P, Boulanger P, Hong SS, Tayapiwatana C. Alpha-helicoidal HEAT-like Repeat Proteins (αRep) Selected as Interactors of HIV-1 Nucleocapsid Negatively Interfere with Viral Genome Packaging and Virus Maturation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16335. [PMID: 29180782 PMCID: PMC5703948 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16451-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new generation of artificial proteins, derived from alpha-helicoidal HEAT-like repeat protein scaffolds (αRep), was previously characterized as an effective source of intracellular interfering proteins. In this work, a phage-displayed library of αRep was screened on a region of HIV-1 Gag polyprotein encompassing the C-terminal domain of the capsid, the SP1 linker and the nucleocapsid. This region is known to be essential for the late steps of HIV-1 life cycle, Gag oligomerization, viral genome packaging and the last cleavage step of Gag, leading to mature, infectious virions. Two strong αRep binders were isolated from the screen, αRep4E3 (32 kDa; 7 internal repeats) and αRep9A8 (28 kDa; 6 internal repeats). Their antiviral activity against HIV-1 was evaluated in VLP-producer cells and in human SupT1 cells challenged with HIV-1. Both αRep4E3 and αRep9A8 showed a modest but significant antiviral effects in all bioassays and cell systems tested. They did not prevent the proviral integration reaction, but negatively interfered with late steps of the HIV-1 life cycle: αRep4E3 blocked the viral genome packaging, whereas αRep9A8 altered both virus maturation and genome packaging. Interestingly, SupT1 cells stably expressing αRep9A8 acquired long-term resistance to HIV-1, implying that αRep proteins can act as antiviral restriction-like factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarat Hadpech
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Center of Biomolecular Therapy and Diagnostic, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Burapha University, Muang District, Chonburi Province, 20131, Thailand.,University Lyon 1, UMR754-INRA-EPHE, Viral Infections and Comparative Pathology, 50, Avenue Tony Garnier, 69366, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Sawitree Nangola
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
| | - Koollawat Chupradit
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Center of Biomolecular Therapy and Diagnostic, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Kanda Fanhchaksai
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Center of Biomolecular Therapy and Diagnostic, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Wilhelm Furnon
- University Lyon 1, UMR754-INRA-EPHE, Viral Infections and Comparative Pathology, 50, Avenue Tony Garnier, 69366, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Agathe Urvoas
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Marie Valerio-Lepiniec
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Philippe Minard
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Pierre Boulanger
- University Lyon 1, UMR754-INRA-EPHE, Viral Infections and Comparative Pathology, 50, Avenue Tony Garnier, 69366, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Saw-See Hong
- University Lyon 1, UMR754-INRA-EPHE, Viral Infections and Comparative Pathology, 50, Avenue Tony Garnier, 69366, Lyon Cedex 07, France. .,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 101, rue de Tolbiac, 75654, Paris Cedex 13, France.
| | - Chatchai Tayapiwatana
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. .,Center of Biomolecular Therapy and Diagnostic, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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3
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Fonseca FCS, Reis LCB, Dos Santos JDG, Branco CRC, Ferreira SLDC, David JM, Branco A. Betulinic Acid from Zizyphus Joazeiro Bark Using Focused Microwave-Assisted Extraction and Response Surface Methodology. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:226-229. [PMID: 28539712 PMCID: PMC5421417 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.204565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of the extraction time (min) and temperature (°C) on the yield of betulinic acid (BA) from Zizyphus joazeiro barks using focused microwave-assisted extraction was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ethyl acetate was used as extractor solvent because it was shown to provide a betulinic acid-clean extract. A full two-level statistical factorial design was applied to determine the important effects and interactions of these independent variables upon the yield of BA. RESULTS The conditions that produced the highest yield of BA were at temperature of 70°C and an extraction time of 15 min (3.33 mg per gram of plant). CONCLUSION The BA has drawn attention due to its use as a raw material in the synthesis of active compounds against the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). SUMMARY The extraction of betulinic acid (BA) from Zizyphus joazeiro barks using focused microwave was investigatedA full two-level statistical factorial design was applied to determine the effects and interactions of the independent variables (time and temperature) upon the yield of BAThe reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detector was used for quantification. Abbreviation used: BA: Betulinic acid; FMAE: Focused microwave assisted extraction; HPLC: High-performance liquid chromatography; RSD: Relative standard deviations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jorge Mauricio David
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Alexsandro Branco
- Department of Health, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
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4
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Vituret C, Gallay K, Confort MP, Ftaich N, Matei CI, Archer F, Ronfort C, Mornex JF, Chanson M, Di Pietro A, Boulanger P, Hong SS. Transfer of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator to Human Cystic Fibrosis Cells Mediated by Extracellular Vesicles. Hum Gene Ther 2016; 27:166-83. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2015.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cyrielle Vituret
- Viral Infections & Comparative Pathology, UMR-754 UCBL-INRA-EPHE, Université Lyon 1, Lyon Cedex 07, France
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Unité BMSSI, UMR 5086 CNRS-Université Lyon 1, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Kathy Gallay
- Viral Infections & Comparative Pathology, UMR-754 UCBL-INRA-EPHE, Université Lyon 1, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Confort
- Viral Infections & Comparative Pathology, UMR-754 UCBL-INRA-EPHE, Université Lyon 1, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Najate Ftaich
- Viral Infections & Comparative Pathology, UMR-754 UCBL-INRA-EPHE, Université Lyon 1, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Constantin I. Matei
- Centre Technologique des Microstructures, Université Claude Bernard—Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Fabienne Archer
- Viral Infections & Comparative Pathology, UMR-754 UCBL-INRA-EPHE, Université Lyon 1, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Corinne Ronfort
- Viral Infections & Comparative Pathology, UMR-754 UCBL-INRA-EPHE, Université Lyon 1, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Jean-François Mornex
- Viral Infections & Comparative Pathology, UMR-754 UCBL-INRA-EPHE, Université Lyon 1, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Marc Chanson
- Département de Physiologie Cellulaire & Métabolisme, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Attilio Di Pietro
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Unité BMSSI, UMR 5086 CNRS-Université Lyon 1, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Pierre Boulanger
- Viral Infections & Comparative Pathology, UMR-754 UCBL-INRA-EPHE, Université Lyon 1, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Saw See Hong
- Viral Infections & Comparative Pathology, UMR-754 UCBL-INRA-EPHE, Université Lyon 1, Lyon Cedex 07, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
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5
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Praditwongwan W, Chuankhayan P, Saoin S, Wisitponchai T, Lee VS, Nangola S, Hong SS, Minard P, Boulanger P, Chen CJ, Tayapiwatana C. Crystal structure of an antiviral ankyrin targeting the HIV-1 capsid and molecular modeling of the ankyrin-capsid complex. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2014; 28:869-84. [PMID: 24997121 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-014-9772-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ankyrins are cellular repeat proteins, which can be genetically modified to randomize amino-acid residues located at defined positions in each repeat unit, and thus create a potential binding surface adaptable to macromolecular ligands. From a phage-display library of artificial ankyrins, we have isolated Ank(GAG)1D4, a trimodular ankyrin which binds to the HIV-1 capsid protein N-terminal domain (NTD(CA)) and has an antiviral effect at the late steps of the virus life cycle. In this study, the determinants of the Ank(GAG)1D4-NTD(CA) interaction were analyzed using peptide scanning in competition ELISA, capsid mutagenesis, ankyrin crystallography and molecular modeling. We determined the Ank(GAG)1D4 structure at 2.2 Å resolution, and used the crystal structure in molecular docking with a homology model of HIV-1 capsid. Our results indicated that NTD(CA) alpha-helices H1 and H7 could mediate the formation of the capsid-Ank(GAG)1D4 binary complex, but the interaction involving H7 was predicted to be more stable than with H1. Arginine-18 (R18) in H1, and R132 and R143 in H7 were found to be the key players of the Ank(GAG)1D4-NTD(CA) interaction. This was confirmed by R-to-A mutagenesis of NTD(CA), and by sequence analysis of trimodular ankyrins negative for capsid binding. In Ank(GAG)1D4, major interactors common to H1 and H7 were found to be S45, Y56, R89, K122 and K123. Collectively, our ankyrin-capsid binding analysis implied a significant degree of flexibility within the NTD(CA) domain of the HIV-1 capsid protein, and provided some clues for the design of new antivirals targeting the capsid protein and viral assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warachai Praditwongwan
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
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6
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A novel platform for virus-like particle-display of flaviviral envelope domain III: induction of Dengue and West Nile virus neutralizing antibodies. Virol J 2013; 10:129. [PMID: 23617954 PMCID: PMC3668303 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
CD16-RIgE is a chimeric human membrane glycoprotein consisting of the CD16 ectodomain fused to the transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic tail of the gamma chain of the high affinity receptor of IgE (RIgE). Coexpression of CD16-RIgE and HIV-1 Pr55Gag polyprotein precursor (Pr55GagHIV) in insect cells resulted in the incorporation of CD16-RIgE glycoprotein into the envelope of extracellular virus-like particles (VLPs), a phenomenon known as pseudotyping. Taking advantage of this property, we replaced the CD16 ectodomain of CD16-RIgE by the envelope glycoprotein domain III (DIII) of dengue virus serotype 1 (DENV1) or West Nile virus Kunjin (WNVKun). The two resulting chimeric proteins, DIII-DENV1-RIgE and DIII-WNVKun-RIgE, were addressed to the plasma membrane, exposed at the surface of human and insect cells, and incorporated into extracellular VLPs when coexpressed with Pr55GagHIV in insect cells. The DIII domains were accessible at the surface of retroviral VLPs, as shown by their reactivity with specific antibodies, and notably antibodies from patient sera. The DIII-RIgE proteins were found to be incorporated in VLPs made of SIV, MLV, or chimeric MLV-HIV Gag precursors, indicating that DIII-RIgE could pseudotype a wide variety of retroviral VLPs. VLP-displayed DIII were capable of inducing specific neutralizing antibodies against DENV and WNV in mice. Although the neutralization response was modest, our data confirmed the capability of DIII to induce a flavivirus neutralization response, and suggested that our VLP-displayed CD16-RIgE-based platform could be developed as a vaccine vector against different flaviviruses and other viral pathogens.
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7
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Coric P, Turcaud S, Souquet F, Briant L, Gay B, Royer J, Chazal N, Bouaziz S. Synthesis and biological evaluation of a new derivative of bevirimat that targets the Gag CA-SP1 cleavage site. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 62:453-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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8
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Batisse J, Guerrero S, Bernacchi S, Sleiman D, Gabus C, Darlix JL, Marquet R, Tisné C, Paillart JC. The role of Vif oligomerization and RNA chaperone activity in HIV-1 replication. Virus Res 2012; 169:361-76. [PMID: 22728817 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2012.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The viral infectivity factor (Vif) is essential for the productive infection and dissemination of HIV-1 in non-permissive cells that involve most natural HIV-1 target cells. Vif counteracts the packaging of two cellular cytidine deaminases named APOBEC3G (A3G) and A3F by diverse mechanisms including the recruitment of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and the proteasomal degradation of A3G/A3F, the inhibition of A3G mRNA translation or by a direct competition mechanism. In addition, Vif appears to be an active partner of the late steps of viral replication by participating in virus assembly and Gag processing, thus regulating the final stage of virion formation notably genomic RNA dimerization and by inhibiting the initiation of reverse transcription. Vif is a small pleiotropic protein with multiple domains, and recent studies highlighted the importance of Vif conformation and flexibility in counteracting A3G and in binding RNA. In this review, we will focus on the oligomerization and RNA chaperone properties of Vif and show that the intrinsic disordered nature of some Vif domains could play an important role in virus assembly and replication. Experimental evidence demonstrating the RNA chaperone activity of Vif will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Batisse
- Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 15 rue René Descartes, 67084 Strasbourg, France
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9
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Gonzalez G, DaFonseca S, Errazuriz E, Coric P, Souquet F, Turcaud S, Boulanger P, Bouaziz S, Hong SS. Characterization of a novel type of HIV-1 particle assembly inhibitor using a quantitative luciferase-Vpr packaging-based assay. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27234. [PMID: 22073298 PMCID: PMC3207847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV-1 auxiliary protein Vpr and Vpr-fusion proteins can be copackaged with Gag precursor (Pr55Gag) into virions or membrane-enveloped virus-like particles (VLP). Taking advantage of this property, we developed a simple and sensitive method to evaluate potential inhibitors of HIV-1 assembly in a living cell system. Two proteins were coexpressed in recombinant baculovirus-infected Sf9 cells, Pr55Gag, which formed the VLP backbone, and luciferase fused to the N-terminus of Vpr (LucVpr). VLP-encapsidated LucVpr retained the enzymatic activity of free luciferase. The levels of luciferase activity present in the pelletable fraction recovered from the culture medium correlated with the amounts of extracellular VLP released by Sf9 cells assayed by conventional immunological methods. Our luciferase-based assay was then applied to the characterization of betulinic acid (BA) derivatives that differed from the leader compound PA-457 (or DSB) by their substituant on carbon-28. The beta-alanine-conjugated and lysine-conjugated DSB could not be evaluated for their antiviral potentials due to their high cytotoxicity, whereas two other compounds with a lesser cytotoxicity, glycine-conjugated and ε-NH-Boc-lysine-conjugated DSB, exerted a dose-dependent negative effect on VLP assembly and budding. A fifth compound with a low cytotoxicity, EP-39 (ethylene diamine-conjugated DSB), showed a novel type of antiviral effect. EP-39 provoked an aberrant assembly of VLP, resulting in nonenveloped, morula-like particles of 100-nm in diameter. Each morula was composed of nanoparticle subunits of 20-nm in diameter, which possibly mimicked transient intermediates of the HIV-1 Gag assembly process. Chemical cross-linking in situ suggested that EP-39 favored the formation or/and persistence of Pr55Gag trimers over other oligomeric species. EP-39 showed a novel type of negative effect on HIV-1 assembly, targeting the Pr55Gag oligomerisation. The biological effect of EP-39 underlined the critical role of the nature of the side chain at position 28 of BA derivatives in their anti-HIV-1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Gonzalez
- Université Lyon I & INRA UMR-754, Retrovirus & Comparative Pathology, Lyon, France
| | - Sandrina DaFonseca
- Université Lyon I & INRA UMR-754, Retrovirus & Comparative Pathology, Lyon, France
| | - Elisabeth Errazuriz
- Centre Commun d'Imagerie Laënnec, Université Lyon I, Faculté de Medicine, Lyon, France
| | - Pascale Coric
- Laboratoire de Cristallographie et RMN Biologiques, CNRS UMR-8015, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Florence Souquet
- Laboratoire Synthèse et Structure de Molécules d'Intérêt Pharmacologique, CNRS UMR-8638, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Serge Turcaud
- Laboratoire Synthèse et Structure de Molécules d'Intérêt Pharmacologique, CNRS UMR-8638, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Boulanger
- Université Lyon I & INRA UMR-754, Retrovirus & Comparative Pathology, Lyon, France
| | - Serge Bouaziz
- Laboratoire de Cristallographie et RMN Biologiques, CNRS UMR-8015, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Saw See Hong
- Université Lyon I & INRA UMR-754, Retrovirus & Comparative Pathology, Lyon, France
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10
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Corjon S, Gonzalez G, Henning P, Grichine A, Lindholm L, Boulanger P, Fender P, Hong SS. Cell entry and trafficking of human adenovirus bound to blood factor X is determined by the fiber serotype and not hexon:heparan sulfate interaction. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18205. [PMID: 21637339 PMCID: PMC3102659 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adenovirus serotype 5 (HAdV5)-based vectors administered intravenously accumulate in the liver as the result of their direct binding to blood coagulation factor X (FX) and subsequent interaction of the FX-HAdV5 complex with heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) at the surface of liver cells. Intriguingly, the serotype 35 fiber-pseudotyped vector HAdV5F35 has liver transduction efficiencies 4-logs lower than HAdV5, even though both vectors carry the same hexon capsomeres. In order to reconcile this apparent paradox, we investigated the possible role of other viral capsid proteins on the FX/HSPG-mediated cellular uptake of HAdV5-based vectors. Using CAR- and CD46-negative CHO cells varying in HSPG expression, we confirmed that FX bound to serotype 5 hexon protein and to HAdV5 and HAdV5F35 virions via its Gla-domain, and enhanced the binding of both vectors to surface-immobilized hypersulfated heparin and cellular HSPG. Using penton mutants, we found that the positive effect of FX on HAdV5 binding to HSPG and cell transduction did not depend on the penton base RGD and fiber shaft KKTK motifs. However, we found that FX had no enhancing effect on the HAdV5F35-mediated cell transduction, but a negative effect which did not involve the cell attachment or endocytic step, but the intracellular trafficking and nuclear import of the FX-HAdV5F35 complex. By cellular imaging, HAdV5F35 particles were observed to accumulate in the late endosomal compartment, and were released in significant amounts into the extracellular medium via exocytosis. We showed that the stability of serotype 5 hexon:FX interaction was higher at low pH compared to neutral pH, which could account for the retention of FX-HAdV5F35 complexes in the late endosomes. Our results suggested that, despite the high affinity interaction of hexon capsomeres to FX and cell surface HSPG, the adenoviral fiber acted as the dominant determinant of the internalization and trafficking pathway of HAdV5-based vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Corjon
- University Lyon 1, INRA UMR 754, Retrovirus
and Comparative Pathology, Lyon, France
| | - Gaëlle Gonzalez
- University Lyon 1, INRA UMR 754, Retrovirus
and Comparative Pathology, Lyon, France
| | - Petra Henning
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology,
University of Göteborg, Institute for Biomedicine, Göteborg,
Sweden
| | - Alexei Grichine
- Institut Albert Bonniot, CRI INSERM-UJF U-823,
La Tronche, France
| | | | - Pierre Boulanger
- University Lyon 1, INRA UMR 754, Retrovirus
and Comparative Pathology, Lyon, France
| | - Pascal Fender
- Unit for Virus-Host Interaction, UMI-3265,
CNRS-EMBL-UJF, Grenoble, France
| | - Saw-See Hong
- University Lyon 1, INRA UMR 754, Retrovirus
and Comparative Pathology, Lyon, France
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Dorr CR, Yemets S, Kolomitsyna O, Krasutsky P, Mansky LM. Triterpene derivatives that inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:542-5. [PMID: 21084190 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.10.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Triterpene derivatives were analyzed for anti-HIV-1 activity and for cellular toxicity. Betulinic aldehyde, betulinic nitrile, and morolic acid derivatives were identified to have anti-HIV-1 activity. These derivatives inhibit a late step in virus replication, likely virus maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey R Dorr
- University of Minnesota, Institute for Molecular Virology, 18-242 Moos Tower, 525 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
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12
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Abstract
Maturation of nascent virions, a key step in retroviral replication, involves cleavage of the Gag polyprotein by the viral protease into its matrix (MA), capsid (CA), and nucleocapsid (NC) components and their subsequent reorganization. Bevirimat (BVM) defines a new class of antiviral drugs termed maturation inhibitors. BVM acts by blocking the final cleavage event in Gag processing, the separation of CA from its C-terminal spacer peptide 1 (SP1). Prior evidence suggests that BVM binds to Gag assembled in immature virions, preventing the protease from accessing the CA-SP1 cleavage site. To investigate this hypothesis, we used cryo-electron tomography to examine the structures of (noninfectious) HIV-1 viral particles isolated from BVM-treated cells. We find that these particles contain an incomplete shell of density underlying the viral envelope, with a hexagonal honeycomb structure similar to the Gag lattice of immature HIV but lacking the innermost, NC-related, layer. We conclude that the shell represents a remnant of the immature Gag lattice that has been processed, except at the CA-SP1 sites, but has remained largely intact. We also compared BVM-treated particles with virions formed by the mutant CA5, in which cleavage between CA and SP1 is also blocked. Here, we find a thinner CA-related shell with no visible evidence of honeycomb organization, indicative of an altered conformation and further suggesting that binding of BVM stabilizes the immature lattice. In both cases, the observed failure to assemble mature capsids correlates with the loss of infectivity.
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Kitidee K, Nangola S, Gonzalez G, Boulanger P, Tayapiwatana C, Hong SS. Baculovirus display of single chain antibody (scFv) using a novel signal peptide. BMC Biotechnol 2010; 10:80. [PMID: 21092083 PMCID: PMC3002913 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-10-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cells permissive to virus can become refractory to viral replication upon intracellular expression of single chain fragment variable (scFv) antibodies directed towards viral structural or regulatory proteins, or virus-coded enzymes. For example, an intrabody derived from MH-SVM33, a monoclonal antibody against a conserved C-terminal epitope of the HIV-1 matrix protein (MAp17), was found to exert an inhibitory effect on HIV-1 replication. Results Two versions of MH-SVM33-derived scFv were constructed in recombinant baculoviruses (BVs) and expressed in BV-infected Sf9 cells, N-myristoylation-competent scFvG2/p17 and N-myristoylation-incompetent scFvE2/p17 protein, both carrying a C-terminal HA tag. ScFvG2/p17 expression resulted in an insoluble, membrane-associated protein, whereas scFvE2/p17 was recovered in both soluble and membrane-incorporated forms. When coexpressed with the HIV-1 Pr55Gag precursor, scFvG2/p17 and scFvE2/p17 did not show any detectable negative effect on virus-like particle (VLP) assembly and egress, and both failed to be encapsidated in VLP. However, soluble scFvE2/p17 isolated from Sf9 cell lysates was capable of binding to its specific antigen, in the form of a synthetic p17 peptide or as Gag polyprotein-embedded epitope. Significant amounts of scFvE2/p17 were released in the extracellular medium of BV-infected cells in high-molecular weight, pelletable form. This particulate form corresponded to BV particles displaying scFvE2/p17 molecules, inserted into the BV envelope via the scFv N-terminal region. The BV-displayed scFvE2/p17 molecules were found to be immunologically functional, as they reacted with the C-terminal epitope of MAp17. Fusion of the N-terminal 18 amino acid residues from the scFvE2/p17 sequence (N18E2) to another scFv recognizing CD147 (scFv-M6-1B9) conferred the property of BV-display to the resulting chimeric scFv-N18E2/M6. Conclusion Expression of scFvE2/p17 in insect cells using a BV vector resulted in baculoviral progeny displaying scFvE2/p17. The function required for BV envelope incorporation was carried by the N-terminal octadecapeptide of scFvE2/p17, which acted as a signal peptide for BV display. Fusion of this peptide to the N-terminus of scFv molecules of interest could be applied as a general method for BV-display of scFv in a GP64- and VSV-G-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntida Kitidee
- University Lyon 1, INRA UMR-754, Retrovirus & Comparative Pathology, 50, avenue Tony Garnier, 69366 Lyon Cedex 07, France
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Menéndez-Arias L. Molecular basis of human immunodeficiency virus drug resistance: an update. Antiviral Res 2009; 85:210-31. [PMID: 19616029 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2009.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2009] [Revised: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 07/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy has led to a significant decrease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related mortality. Approved antiretroviral drugs target different steps of the viral life cycle including viral entry (coreceptor antagonists and fusion inhibitors), reverse transcription (nucleoside and non-nucleoside inhibitors of the viral reverse transcriptase), integration (integrase inhibitors) and viral maturation (protease inhibitors). Despite the success of combination therapies, the emergence of drug resistance is still a major factor contributing to therapy failure. Viral resistance is caused by mutations in the HIV genome coding for structural changes in the target proteins that can affect the binding or activity of the antiretroviral drugs. This review provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms involved in the acquisition of resistance to currently used and promising investigational drugs, emphasizing the structural role of drug resistance mutations. The optimization of current antiretroviral drug regimens and the development of new drugs are still challenging issues in HIV chemotherapy. This article forms part of a special issue of Antiviral Research marking the 25th anniversary of antiretroviral drug discovery and development, Vol 85, issue 1, 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Menéndez-Arias
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), c/Nicolás Cabrera 1, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Tumultuous relationship between the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 viral infectivity factor (Vif) and the human APOBEC-3G and APOBEC-3F restriction factors. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2009; 73:211-32. [PMID: 19487726 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00040-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The viral infectivity factor (Vif) is dispensable for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication in so-called permissive cells but is required for replication in nonpermissive cell lines and for pathogenesis. Virions produced in the absence of Vif have an aberrant morphology and an unstable core and are unable to complete reverse transcription. Recent studies demonstrated that human APOBEC-3G (hA3G) and APOBEC-3F (hA3F), which are selectively expressed in nonpermissive cells, possess strong anti-HIV-1 activity and are sufficient to confer a nonpermissive phenotype. Vif induces the degradation of hA3G and hA3F, suggesting that its main function is to counteract these cellular factors. Most studies focused on the hypermutation induced by the cytidine deaminase activity of hA3G and hA3F and on their Vif-induced degradation by the proteasome. However, recent studies suggested that several mechanisms are involved both in the antiviral activity of hA3G and hA3F and in the way Vif counteracts these antiviral factors. Attempts to reconcile the studies involving Vif in virus assembly and stability with these recent findings suggest that hA3G and hA3F partially exert their antiviral activity independently of their catalytic activity by destabilizing the viral core and the reverse transcription complex, possibly by interfering with the assembly and/or maturation of the viral particles. Vif could then counteract hA3G and hA3F by excluding them from the viral assembly intermediates through competition for the viral genomic RNA, by regulating the proteolytic processing of Pr55(Gag), by enhancing the efficiency of the reverse transcription process, and by inhibiting the enzymatic activities of hA3G and hA3F.
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