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Abley K, Goswami R, Locke JCW. Bet-hedging and variability in plant development: seed germination and beyond. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230048. [PMID: 38432313 PMCID: PMC10909506 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
When future conditions are unpredictable, bet-hedging strategies can be advantageous. This can involve isogenic individuals producing different phenotypes, under the same environmental conditions. Ecological studies provide evidence that variability in seed germination time has been selected for as a bet-hedging strategy. We demonstrate how variability in germination time found in Arabidopsis could function as a bet-hedging strategy in the face of unpredictable lethal stresses. Despite a body of knowledge on how the degree of seed dormancy versus germination is controlled, relatively little is known about how differences between isogenic seeds in a batch are generated. We review proposed mechanisms for generating variability in germination time and the current limitations and new possibilities for testing the model predictions. We then look beyond germination to the role of variability in seedling and adult plant growth and review new technologies for quantification of noisy gene expression dynamics. We discuss evidence for phenotypic variability in plant traits beyond germination being under genetic control and propose that variability in stress response gene expression could function as a bet-hedging strategy. We discuss open questions about how noisy gene expression could lead to between-plant heterogeneity in gene expression and phenotypes. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Causes and consequences of stochastic processes in development and disease'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Abley
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Rituparna Goswami
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 1LR, UK
| | - James C. W. Locke
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 1LR, UK
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2
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Renziehausen T, Frings S, Schmidt-Schippers R. 'Against all floods': plant adaptation to flooding stress and combined abiotic stresses. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:1836-1855. [PMID: 38217848 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Current climate change brings with it a higher frequency of environmental stresses, which occur in combination rather than individually leading to massive crop losses worldwide. In addition to, for example, drought stress (low water availability), also flooding (excessive water) can threaten the plant, causing, among others, an energy crisis due to hypoxia, which is responded to by extensive transcriptional, metabolic and growth-related adaptations. While signalling during flooding is relatively well understood, at least in model plants, the molecular mechanisms of combinatorial flooding stress responses, for example, flooding simultaneously with salinity, temperature stress and heavy metal stress or sequentially with drought stress, remain elusive. This represents a significant gap in knowledge due to the fact that dually stressed plants often show unique responses at multiple levels not observed under single stress. In this review, we (i) consider possible effects of stress combinations from a theoretical point of view, (ii) summarize the current state of knowledge on signal transduction under single flooding stress, (iii) describe plant adaptation responses to flooding stress combined with four other abiotic stresses and (iv) propose molecular components of combinatorial flooding (hypoxia) stress adaptation based on their reported dual roles in multiple stresses. This way, more future emphasis may be placed on deciphering molecular mechanisms of combinatorial flooding stress adaptation, thereby potentially stimulating development of molecular tools to improve plant resilience towards multi-stress scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilo Renziehausen
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
- Center for Biotechnology, University of Bielefeld, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Stephanie Frings
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
- Center for Biotechnology, University of Bielefeld, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Romy Schmidt-Schippers
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
- Center for Biotechnology, University of Bielefeld, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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Waneka G, Pate B, Monroe JG, Sloan DB. Investigating low frequency somatic mutations in Arabidopsis with Duplex Sequencing. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.31.578196. [PMID: 38352550 PMCID: PMC10862904 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.31.578196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Mutations are the source of novel genetic diversity but can also lead to disease and maladaptation. The conventional view is that mutations occur randomly with respect to their environment-specific fitness consequences. However, intragenomic mutation rates can vary dramatically due to transcription coupled repair and based on local epigenomic modifications, which are non-uniformly distributed across genomes. One sequence feature associated with decreased mutation is higher expression level, which can vary depending on environmental cues. To understand whether the association between expression level and mutation rate creates a systematic relationship with environment-specific fitness effects, we perturbed expression through a heat treatment in Arabidopsis thaliana. We quantified gene expression to identify differentially expressed genes, which we then targeted for mutation detection using Duplex Sequencing. This approach provided a highly accurate measurement of the frequency of rare somatic mutations in vegetative plant tissues, which has been a recent source of uncertainty in plant mutation research. We included mutant lines lacking mismatch repair (MMR) and base excision repair (BER) capabilities to understand how repair mechanisms may drive biased mutation accumulation. We found wild type (WT) and BER mutant mutation frequencies to be very low (mean variant frequency 1.8×10-8 and 2.6×10-8, respectively), while MMR mutant frequencies were significantly elevated (1.13×10-6). These results show that somatic variant frequencies are extremely low in WT plants, indicating that larger datasets will be needed to address the fundamental evolutionary question as to whether environmental change leads to gene-specific changes in mutation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gus Waneka
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Braden Pate
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - J Grey Monroe
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA USA
| | - Daniel B Sloan
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Liu MCJ, Yeh FLJ, Yvon R, Simpson K, Jordan S, Chambers J, Wu HM, Cheung AY. Extracellular pectin-RALF phase separation mediates FERONIA global signaling function. Cell 2024; 187:312-330.e22. [PMID: 38157854 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The FERONIA (FER)-LLG1 co-receptor and its peptide ligand RALF regulate myriad processes for plant growth and survival. Focusing on signal-induced cell surface responses, we discovered that intrinsically disordered RALF triggers clustering and endocytosis of its cognate receptors and FER- and LLG1-dependent endocytosis of non-cognate regulators of diverse processes, thus capable of broadly impacting downstream responses. RALF, however, remains extracellular. We demonstrate that RALF binds the cell wall polysaccharide pectin. They phase separate and recruit FER and LLG1 into pectin-RALF-FER-LLG1 condensates to initiate RALF-triggered cell surface responses. We show further that two frequently encountered environmental challenges, elevated salt and temperature, trigger RALF-pectin phase separation, promiscuous receptor clustering and massive endocytosis, and that this process is crucial for recovery from stress-induced growth attenuation. Our results support that RALF-pectin phase separation mediates an exoskeletal mechanism to broadly activate FER-LLG1-dependent cell surface responses to mediate the global role of FER in plant growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Che James Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, 710 N. Pleasant St., Lederle Graduate Tower, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Fang-Ling Jessica Yeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, 710 N. Pleasant St., Lederle Graduate Tower, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Robert Yvon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, 710 N. Pleasant St., Lederle Graduate Tower, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Molecular and Cell Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Kelly Simpson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, 710 N. Pleasant St., Lederle Graduate Tower, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Molecular and Cell Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Samuel Jordan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, 710 N. Pleasant St., Lederle Graduate Tower, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - James Chambers
- Light Microscopy Core Facility, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Hen-Ming Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, 710 N. Pleasant St., Lederle Graduate Tower, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Molecular and Cell Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Alice Y Cheung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, 710 N. Pleasant St., Lederle Graduate Tower, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Molecular and Cell Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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McDonald LM, Scharnagl A, Turcu AK, Patterson CM, Kooyers NJ. Demographic consequences of an extreme heat wave are mitigated by spatial heterogeneity in an annual monkeyflower. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10397. [PMID: 37575594 PMCID: PMC10412438 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat waves are becoming more frequent and intense with climate change, but the demographic and evolutionary consequences of heat waves are rarely investigated in herbaceous plant species. We examine the consequences of a short but extreme heat wave in Oregon populations of the common yellow monkeyflower (Mimulus guttatus) by leveraging a common garden experiment planted with range-wide populations and observational studies of 11 local populations. In the common garden, 89% of seedlings died during the heat wave including >96% of seedlings from geographically local populations. Some populations from hotter and drier environments had higher fitness, however, others from comparable environments performed poorly. Observational studies of local natural populations drastically differed in the consequences of the heat wave-one population was completely extirpated and nearly half had a >50% decrease in fitness. However, a few populations had greater fitness during the heat wave year. Differences in mortality corresponded to the impact of the heat wave on soil moisture-retention of soil moisture throughout the heat wave led to greater survivorship. Our results suggest that not all populations experience the same intensity or degree of mortality during extreme events and such heterogeneity could be important for genetic rescue or to facilitate the distribution of adaptive variants throughout the region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Scharnagl
- Department of BiologyUniversity of LouisianaLafayetteLouisianaUSA
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Andrea K. Turcu
- Department of BiologyUniversity of LouisianaLafayetteLouisianaUSA
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Brenya E, Dutta E, Herron B, Walden LH, Roberts DM, Binder BM. Ethylene-mediated metabolic priming increases photosynthesis and metabolism to enhance plant growth and stress tolerance. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad216. [PMID: 37469928 PMCID: PMC10353721 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing crop yields is a major challenge because of an increasing human population, climate change, and reduction in arable land. Here, we demonstrate that long-lasting growth enhancement and increased stress tolerance occur by pretreatment of dark grown Arabidopsis seedlings with ethylene before transitioning into light. Plants treated this way had longer primary roots, more and longer lateral roots, and larger aerial tissue and were more tolerant to high temperature, salt, and recovery from hypoxia stress. We attributed the increase in plant growth and stress tolerance to ethylene-induced photosynthetic-derived sugars because ethylene pretreatment caused a 23% increase in carbon assimilation and increased the levels of glucose (266%), sucrose/trehalose (446%), and starch (87%). Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses several days posttreatment showed a significant increase in metabolic processes and gene transcripts implicated in cell division, photosynthesis, and carbohydrate metabolism. Because of this large effect on metabolism, we term this "ethylene-mediated metabolic priming." Reducing photosynthesis with inhibitors or mutants prevented the growth enhancement, but this was partially rescued by exogenous sucrose, implicating sugars in this growth phenomenon. Additionally, ethylene pretreatment increased the levels of CINV1 and CINV2 encoding invertases that hydrolyze sucrose, and cinv1;cinv2 mutants did not respond to ethylene pretreatment with increased growth indicating increased sucrose breakdown is critical for this trait. A model is proposed where ethylene-mediated metabolic priming causes long-term increases in photosynthesis and carbohydrate utilization to increase growth. These responses may be part of the natural development of seedlings as they navigate through the soil to emerge into light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Brenya
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Esha Dutta
- Genome Science and Technology Program, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Brittani Herron
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Lauren H Walden
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Daniel M Roberts
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
- Genome Science and Technology Program, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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Lee JH, Burdick LH, Piatkowski B, Carrell AA, Doktycz MJ, Pelletier DA, Weston DJ. A rapid assay for assessing bacterial effects on Arabidopsis thermotolerance. PLANT METHODS 2023; 19:63. [PMID: 37386471 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of beneficial microbes in mitigating plant abiotic stress has received considerable attention. However, the lack of a reproducible and relatively high-throughput screen for microbial contributions to plant thermotolerance has greatly limited progress in this area, this slows the discovery of novel beneficial isolates and the processes by which they operate. RESULTS We designed a rapid phenotyping method to assess the effects of bacteria on plant host thermotolerance. After testing multiple growth conditions, a hydroponic system was selected and used to optimize an Arabidopsis heat shock regime and phenotypic evaluation. Arabidopsis seedlings germinated on a PTFE mesh disc were floated onto a 6-well plate containing liquid MS media, then subjected to heat shock at 45 °C for various duration. To characterize phenotype, plants were harvested after four days of recovery to measure chlorophyll content. The method was extended to include bacterial isolates and to quantify bacterial contributions to host plant thermotolerance. As an exemplar, the method was used to screen 25 strains of the plant growth promoting Variovorax spp. for enhanced plant thermotolerance. A follow-up study demonstrated the reproducibility of this assay and led to the discovery of a novel beneficial interaction. CONCLUSIONS This method enables rapid screening of individual bacterial strains for beneficial effects on host plant thermotolerance. The throughput and reproducibility of the system is ideal for testing many genetic variants of Arabidopsis and bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hyung Lee
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd Bldg. 1507, Rm. 214, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Leah H Burdick
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd Bldg. 1507, Rm. 214, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Bryan Piatkowski
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd Bldg. 1507, Rm. 214, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Alyssa A Carrell
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd Bldg. 1507, Rm. 214, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Mitchel J Doktycz
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd Bldg. 1507, Rm. 214, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Dale A Pelletier
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd Bldg. 1507, Rm. 214, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA.
| | - David J Weston
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd Bldg. 1507, Rm. 214, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA.
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Abdelrahman M, Mostofa MG, Tran CD, El-Sayed M, Li W, Sulieman S, Tanaka M, Seki M, Tran LSP. The Karrikin Receptor Karrikin Insensitive2 Positively Regulates Heat Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 63:1914-1926. [PMID: 35880749 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the potential role of the karrikin receptor KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2) in the response of Arabidopsis seedlings to high-temperature stress. We performed phenotypic, physiological and transcriptome analyses of Arabidopsis kai2 mutants and wild-type (WT) plants under control (kai2_C and WT_C, respectively) and 6- and 24-h heat stress conditions (kai2_H6, kai2_H24, WT_H6 and WT_H24, respectively) to understand the basis for KAI2-regulated heat stress tolerance. We discovered that the kai2 mutants exhibited hypersensitivity to high-temperature stress relative to WT plants, which might be associated with a more highly increased leaf surface temperature and cell membrane damage in kai2 mutant plants. Next, we performed comparative transcriptome analysis of kai2_C, kai2_H6, kai2_H24, WT_C, WT_H6 and WT_H24 to identify transcriptome differences between WT and kai2 mutants in response to heat stress. K-mean clustering of normalized gene expression separated the investigated genotypes into three clusters based on heat-treated and non-treated control conditions. Within each cluster, the kai2 mutants were separated from WT plants, implying that kai2 mutants exhibited distinct transcriptome profiles relative to WT plants. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses showed a repression in 'misfolded protein binding', 'heat shock protein binding', 'unfolded protein binding' and 'protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum' pathways, which was consistent with the downregulation of several genes encoding heat shock proteins and heat shock transcription factors in the kai2 mutant versus WT plants under control and heat stress conditions. Our findings suggest that chemical or genetic manipulation of KAI2 signaling may provide a novel way to improve heat tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Abdelrahman
- Faculty of Science, Galala University, Suez, El Sokhna 43511, Egypt
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Golam Mostofa
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Cuong Duy Tran
- Genetic Engineering Department, Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Agricultural Science, Pham Van Dong Street, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Magdi El-Sayed
- Faculty of Science, Galala University, Suez, El Sokhna 43511, Egypt
| | - Weiqiang Li
- Jilin Da'an Agro-ecosystem National Observation Research Station, Changchun Jingyuetan Remote Sensing Experiment Station, Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Saad Sulieman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Shambat, Khartoum North 13314, Sudan
| | - Maho Tanaka
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
- Plant Epigenome Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - Motoaki Seki
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
- Plant Epigenome Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, 244-0813 Japan
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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Annum N, Ahmed M, Tester M, Mukhtar Z, Saeed NA. Physiological responses induced by phospholipase C isoform 5 upon heat stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1076331. [PMID: 36760629 PMCID: PMC9905699 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1076331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant's perception of heat stress involves several pathways and signaling molecules, such as phosphoinositide, which is derived from structural membrane lipids phosphatidylinositol. Phospholipase C (PLC) is a well-known signaling enzyme containing many isoforms in different organisms. In the present study, Phospholipase C Isoform 5 (PLC5) was investigated for its role in thermotolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Two over-expressing lines and one knock-down mutant of PLC5 were first treated at a moderate temperature (37 °C) and left for recovery. Then again exposed to a high temperature (45 °C) to check the seedling viability and chlorophyll contents. Root behavior and changes in 32Pi labeled phospholipids were investigated after their exposure to high temperatures. Over-expression of PLC5 (PLC5 OE) exhibited quick and better phenotypic recovery with bigger and greener leaves followed by chlorophyll contents as compared to wild-type (Col-0) and PLC5 knock-down mutant in which seedling recovery was compromised. PLC5 knock-down mutant illustrated well-developed root architecture under controlled conditions but stunted secondary roots under heat stress as compared to over-expressing PLC5 lines. Around 2.3-fold increase in phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate level was observed in PLC5 OE lines upon heat stress compared to wild-type and PLC5 knock-down mutant lines. A significant increase in phosphatidylglycerol was also observed in PLC5 OE lines as compared to Col-0 and PLC5 knock-down mutant lines. The results of the present study demonstrated that PLC5 over-expression contributes to heat stress tolerance while maintaining its photosynthetic activity and is also observed to be associated with primary and secondary root growth in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazish Annum
- Wheat Biotechnology Lab, Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Constituent College (NIBGE-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Moddassir Ahmed
- Wheat Biotechnology Lab, Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Constituent College (NIBGE-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mark Tester
- Center for Desert Agriculture (CDA), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahid Mukhtar
- Wheat Biotechnology Lab, Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Constituent College (NIBGE-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Ahmad Saeed
- Wheat Biotechnology Lab, Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Constituent College (NIBGE-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Kahraman N, Pehlivan N. Harboured cation/proton antiporters modulate stress response to integrated heat and salt via up-regulating KIN1 and GOLS1 in double transgenic Arabidopsis. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:1070-1084. [PMID: 36031594 DOI: 10.1071/fp21334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent research has pointed to improved salt tolerance by co-overexpression of Arabidopsis thaliana NHX1 (Na+ /H+ antiporter) and SOS1 (Salt Overly Sensitive1). However, functionality under salt stress accompanying heat is less understood in double transgenics. To further advance possible co-operational interactions of AtNHX1 (N) and AtSOS1 (S) under combined stress, modulation of osmolyte, redox, energy, and abscisic acid metabolism genes was analysed. The expression of the target BIP3 , KIN1 , GOLS1 , OHP2 , and CYCA3;2 in transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings were significantly regulated towards a dramatic suppression by ionic, osmotic, and heat stresses. AtNHX1 and AtSOS1 co-overexpression (NS) outpaced the single transgenics and control in terms of membrane disorganisation and the electrolyte leakage of the cell damage caused by heat and salt stress in seedlings. While NaCl slightly induced CYCA3;2 in transgenics, combined stress up-regulated KIN1 and GOLS1 , not other genes. Single N and S transgenics overexpressing AtNHX1 and AtSOS1 only appeared similar in their growth and development; however, different to WT and NS dual transgenics under heat+salt stress. Seed germination, cotyledon survival, and hypocotyl length were less influenced by combined stress in NS double transgenic lines than in single N and S and wild type. Stress combination caused significant reprogramming of gene expression profiles, mainly towards downregulation, possibly as a trade-off strategy. Analysing phenotypic, cellular, and transcriptional responses regulating growth facets of tolerant transgenic genotypes may support the ongoing efforts to achieve combined salt and heat tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihal Kahraman
- Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Biology Department, Rize, Turkey
| | - Necla Pehlivan
- Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Biology Department, Rize, Turkey
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11
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Khan A, Khan V, Pandey K, Sopory SK, Sanan-Mishra N. Thermo-Priming Mediated Cellular Networks for Abiotic Stress Management in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:866409. [PMID: 35646001 PMCID: PMC9136941 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.866409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plants can adapt to different environmental conditions and can survive even under very harsh conditions. They have developed elaborate networks of receptors and signaling components, which modulate their biochemistry and physiology by regulating the genetic information. Plants also have the abilities to transmit information between their different parts to ensure a holistic response to any adverse environmental challenge. One such phenomenon that has received greater attention in recent years is called stress priming. Any milder exposure to stress is used by plants to prime themselves by modifying various cellular and molecular parameters. These changes seem to stay as memory and prepare the plants to better tolerate subsequent exposure to severe stress. In this review, we have discussed the various ways in which plants can be primed and illustrate the biochemical and molecular changes, including chromatin modification leading to stress memory, with major focus on thermo-priming. Alteration in various hormones and their subsequent role during and after priming under various stress conditions imposed by changing climate conditions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Neeti Sanan-Mishra
- Plant RNAi Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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12
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Kast EJ, Kaplinsky N. HSFA1d regulates the kinetics of heat-induced HSP17.6 expression in Arabidopsis. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2022; 2022:10.17912/micropub.biology.000555. [PMID: 35622526 PMCID: PMC9012957 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 01/01/1970] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Arabidopsis contains four HSFA1 heat shock transcription factors ( HSFA1a , HSFA1b , HSFA1d , and HSFA1e ) that regulate the primary response to high temperature stress responses. These genes have overlapping functions and, while double and triple HSFA1 mutants have thermotolerance phenotypes, these genes have no reported single mutant thermotolerance phenotypes. We used an automated fluorescence microscopy system to quantitate the expression of a HSP17. 6:GFP reporter with high temporal resolution to show that HSFA1d is required for normal heat-induced HSP17.6 expression. HSP17.6 expression is reduced and delayed in hsfa1d-1 mutants. This finding highlights the power of using gene expression kinetics as a quantitative phenotype for discovering the function of genes that exhibit functional redundancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nick Kaplinsky
- Department of Biology, Swarthmore College
,
Correspondence to: Nick Kaplinsky (
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13
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Yu B, Ming F, Liang Y, Wang Y, Gan Y, Qiu Z, Yan S, Cao B. Heat Stress Resistance Mechanisms of Two Cucumber Varieties from Different Regions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031817. [PMID: 35163740 PMCID: PMC8837171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
High temperatures affect the yield and quality of vegetable crops. Unlike thermosensitive plants, thermotolerant plants have excellent systems for withstanding heat stress. This study evaluated various heat resistance indexes of the thermotolerant cucumber (TT) and thermosensitive cucumber (TS) plants at the seedling stage. The similarities and differences between the regulatory genes were assessed through transcriptome analysis to understand the mechanisms for heat stress resistance in cucumber. The TT plants exhibited enhanced leaf status, photosystem, root viability, and ROS scavenging under high temperature compared to the TS plants. Additionally, transcriptome analysis showed that the genes involved in photosynthesis, the chlorophyll metabolism, and defense responses were upregulated in TT plants but downregulated in TS plants. Zeatin riboside (ZR), brassinosteroid (BR), and jasmonic acid (JA) levels were higher in TT plants than in TS. The heat stress increased gibberellic acid (GA) and indoleacetic acid (IAA) levels in both plant lines; however, the level of GA was higher in TT. Correlation and interaction analyses revealed that heat cucumber heat resistance is regulated by a few transcription factor family genes and metabolic pathways. Our study revealed different phenotypic and physiological mechanisms of the heat response by the thermotolerant and thermosensitive cucumber plants. The plants were also shown to exhibit different expression profiles and metabolic pathways. The heat resistant pathways and genes of two cucumber varieties were also identified. These results enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of cucumber response to high-temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.Y.); (F.M.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.Q.)
- Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fangyan Ming
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.Y.); (F.M.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.Q.)
- Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yonggui Liang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.Y.); (F.M.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.Q.)
- Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yixi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.Y.); (F.M.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.Q.)
- Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuwei Gan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.Y.); (F.M.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.Q.)
- Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhengkun Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.Y.); (F.M.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.Q.)
- Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shuangshuang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.Y.); (F.M.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.Q.)
- Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (B.C.)
| | - Bihao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.Y.); (F.M.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.Q.)
- Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (B.C.)
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14
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Zioutopoulou A, Patitaki E, Xu T, Kaiserli E. The Epigenetic Mechanisms Underlying Thermomorphogenesis and Heat Stress Responses in Arabidopsis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112439. [PMID: 34834802 PMCID: PMC8624032 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Integration of temperature cues is crucial for plant survival and adaptation. Global warming is a prevalent issue, especially in modern agriculture, since the global rise in average temperature is expected to impact crop productivity worldwide. Hence, better understanding of the mechanisms by which plants respond to warmer temperatures is very important. This review focuses on the epigenetic mechanisms implicated in plant responses to high temperature and distinguishes the different epigenetic events that occur at warmer average temperatures, leading to thermomorphogenic responses, or subjected to extreme warm temperatures, leading to heat stress.
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15
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Yamaguchi N, Ito T. Expression profiling of H3K27me3 demethylase genes during plant development and in response to environmental stress in Arabidopsis. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1950445. [PMID: 34227901 PMCID: PMC8526033 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1950445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Histone modification influences gene expression. Among histone modifications, H3K27me3 is associated with downregulation of nearby genes via chromatin compaction. In Arabidopsis thaliana, a subset of JUMONJI C DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN (JMJ) proteins play a critical role in removal of H3K27me3 during plant development or in response to environmental cues. However, the regulation of H3K27me3 demethylase gene expression is not yet fully characterized. In this study, we computationally characterized the expression patterns of JMJ H3K27me3 demethylase genes using public transcriptome datasets created across plant development and after various environmental cues. Consistent with the available transcriptome datasets, GUS staining validated that JMJ30 was highly expressed in the L1 layer of the shoot apical meristem. Furthermore, expression data for panel of five H3K27me3 demethylase genes revealed JMJ30 to be the most highly affected by abiotic and biotic stress. In addition, JMJ30 expression was variable between Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. Finally, the expression of a JMJ30 orthologue from the related species Arabidopsis halleri, AhgJMJ30, fluctuated under field conditions. Taken together, our results suggest that transcriptional changes of H3K27me3 demethylase genes may play key roles in development and environmental responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutoshi Yamaguchi
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama, Japan
- CONTACT Nobutoshi Yamaguchi
| | - Toshiro Ito
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
- Toshiro Ito Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
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16
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Bigelyte G, Young JK, Karvelis T, Budre K, Zedaveinyte R, Djukanovic V, Van Ginkel E, Paulraj S, Gasior S, Jones S, Feigenbutz L, Clair GS, Barone P, Bohn J, Acharya A, Zastrow-Hayes G, Henkel-Heinecke S, Silanskas A, Seidel R, Siksnys V. Miniature type V-F CRISPR-Cas nucleases enable targeted DNA modification in cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6191. [PMID: 34702830 PMCID: PMC8548392 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26469-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Class 2 CRISPR systems are exceptionally diverse, nevertheless, all share a single effector protein that contains a conserved RuvC-like nuclease domain. Interestingly, the size of these CRISPR-associated (Cas) nucleases ranges from >1000 amino acids (aa) for Cas9/Cas12a to as small as 400-600 aa for Cas12f. For in vivo genome editing applications, compact RNA-guided nucleases are desirable and would streamline cellular delivery approaches. Although miniature Cas12f effectors have been shown to cleave double-stranded DNA, targeted DNA modification in eukaryotic cells has yet to be demonstrated. Here, we biochemically characterize two miniature type V-F Cas nucleases, SpCas12f1 (497 aa) and AsCas12f1 (422 aa), and show that SpCas12f1 functions in both plant and human cells to produce targeted modifications with outcomes in plants being enhanced with short heat pulses. Our findings pave the way for the development of miniature Cas12f1-based genome editing tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Bigelyte
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Joshua K Young
- Molecular Engineering, Corteva Agriscience™, Johnston, IA, USA.
| | - Tautvydas Karvelis
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Karolina Budre
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rimante Zedaveinyte
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | | | | | - Stephen Gasior
- Molecular Engineering, Corteva Agriscience™, Johnston, IA, USA
| | - Spencer Jones
- Molecular Engineering, Corteva Agriscience™, Johnston, IA, USA
| | | | - Grace St Clair
- Molecular Engineering, Corteva Agriscience™, Johnston, IA, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Bohn
- Molecular Engineering, Corteva Agriscience™, Johnston, IA, USA
| | - Ananta Acharya
- Molecular Engineering, Corteva Agriscience™, Johnston, IA, USA
| | | | | | - Arunas Silanskas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ralf Seidel
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Virginijus Siksnys
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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17
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H3K27me3 demethylases alter HSP22 and HSP17.6C expression in response to recurring heat in Arabidopsis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3480. [PMID: 34108473 PMCID: PMC8190089 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23766-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acclimation to high temperature increases plants' tolerance of subsequent lethal high temperatures. Although epigenetic regulation of plant gene expression is well studied, how plants maintain a memory of environmental changes over time remains unclear. Here, we show that JUMONJI (JMJ) proteins, demethylases involved in histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3), are necessary for Arabidopsis thaliana heat acclimation. Acclimation induces sustained H3K27me3 demethylation at HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN22 (HSP22) and HSP17.6C loci by JMJs, poising the HSP genes for subsequent activation. Upon sensing heat after a 3-day interval, JMJs directly reactivate these HSP genes. Finally, jmj mutants fail to maintain heat memory under fluctuating field temperature conditions. Our findings of an epigenetic memory mechanism involving histone demethylases may have implications for environmental adaptation of field plants.
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18
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Huang J, Zhao X, Bürger M, Wang Y, Chory J. Two interacting ethylene response factors regulate heat stress response. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:338-357. [PMID: 33793870 PMCID: PMC8136883 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koaa026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The ethylene response factor (ERF) transcription factors are integral components of environmental stress signaling cascades, regulating a wide variety of downstream genes related to stress responses and plant development. However, the mechanisms by which ERF genes regulate the heat stress response are not well understood. Here, we uncover the positive role of ethylene signaling, ERF95 and ERF97 in basal thermotolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana. We demonstrate that ethylene signaling-defective mutants exhibit compromised basal thermotolerance, whereas plants with constitutively activated ethylene response show enhanced basal thermotolerance. EIN3 physically binds to the promoters of ERF95 and ERF97. Ectopic constitutive expression of ERF95 or ERF97 increases the basal thermotolerance of plants. In contrast, erf95 erf96 erf97 erf98 quadruple mutants exhibit decreased basal thermotolerance. ERF95 and ERF97 genetically function downstream of EIN3. ERF95 can physically interact with ERF97, and this interaction is heat inducible. ERF95 and ERF97 regulate a common set of target genes, including known heat-responsive genes and directly bind to the promoter of HSFA2. Thus, our study reveals that the EIN3-ERF95/ERF97-HSFA2 transcriptional cascade may play an important role in the heat stress response, thereby establishing a connection between ethylene and its downstream regulation in basal thermotolerance of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyan Huang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Authors for correspondence: ,
| | - Xiaobo Zhao
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Marco Bürger
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yurong Wang
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Joanne Chory
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Authors for correspondence: ,
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19
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Regulation of DNA (de)Methylation Positively Impacts Seed Germination during Seed Development under Heat Stress. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030457. [PMID: 33807066 PMCID: PMC8005211 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed development needs the coordination of multiple molecular mechanisms to promote correct tissue development, seed filling, and the acquisition of germination capacity, desiccation tolerance, longevity, and dormancy. Heat stress can negatively impact these processes and upon the increase of global mean temperatures, global food security is threatened. Here, we explored the impact of heat stress on seed physiology, morphology, gene expression, and methylation on three stages of seed development. Notably, Arabidopsis Col-0 plants under heat stress presented a decrease in germination capacity as well as a decrease in longevity. We observed that upon mild stress, gene expression and DNA methylation were moderately affected. Nevertheless, upon severe heat stress during seed development, gene expression was intensively modified, promoting heat stress response mechanisms including the activation of the ABA pathway. By analyzing candidate epigenetic markers using the mutants’ physiological assays, we observed that the lack of DNA demethylation by the ROS1 gene impaired seed germination by affecting germination-related gene expression. On the other hand, we also observed that upon severe stress, a large proportion of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were located in the promoters and gene sequences of germination-related genes. To conclude, our results indicate that DNA (de)methylation could be a key regulatory process to ensure proper seed germination of seeds produced under heat stress.
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20
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Li N, Euring D, Cha JY, Lin Z, Lu M, Huang LJ, Kim WY. Plant Hormone-Mediated Regulation of Heat Tolerance in Response to Global Climate Change. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:627969. [PMID: 33643337 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.627969/full] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture is largely dependent on climate and is highly vulnerable to climate change. The global mean surface temperatures are increasing due to global climate change. Temperature beyond the physiological optimum for growth induces heat stress in plants causing detrimental and irreversible damage to plant development, growth, as well as productivity. Plants have evolved adaptive mechanisms in response to heat stress. The classical plant hormones, such as auxin, abscisic acid (ABA), brassinosteroids (BRs), cytokinin (CK), salicylic acid (SA), jasmonate (JA), and ethylene (ET), integrate environmental stimuli and endogenous signals to regulate plant defensive response to various abiotic stresses, including heat. Exogenous applications of those hormones prior or parallel to heat stress render plants more thermotolerant. In this review, we summarized the recent progress and current understanding of the roles of those phytohormones in defending plants against heat stress and the underlying signal transduction pathways. We also discussed the implication of the basic knowledge of hormone-regulated plant heat responsive mechanism to develop heat-resilient plants as an effective and efficient way to cope with global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, China
| | - Dejuan Euring
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Joon Yung Cha
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21PLUS), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Zeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, China
| | - Mengzhu Lu
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, China
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, China
| | - Woe Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21PLUS), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
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21
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Gawroński P, Burdiak P, Scharff LB, Mielecki J, Górecka M, Zaborowska M, Leister D, Waszczak C, Karpiński S. CIA2 and CIA2-LIKE are required for optimal photosynthesis and stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:619-638. [PMID: 33119927 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signaling is essential for cell function, acclimation to fluctuating environmental conditions, plant growth and development. The vast majority of chloroplast proteins are nuclear-encoded, and must be imported into the organelle after synthesis in the cytoplasm. This import is essential for the development of fully functional chloroplasts. On the other hand, functional chloroplasts act as sensors of environmental changes and can trigger acclimatory responses that influence nuclear gene expression. Signaling via mobile transcription factors (TFs) has been recently recognized as a way of communication between organelles and the nucleus. In this study, we performed a targeted reverse genetic screen to identify dual-localized TFs involved in chloroplast retrograde signaling during stress responses. We found that CHLOROPLAST IMPORT APPARATUS 2 (CIA2) has a functional plastid transit peptide, and can be located both in chloroplasts and the nucleus. Further, we found that CIA2, along with its homolog CIA2-like (CIL) are involved in the regulation of Arabidopsis responses to UV-AB, high light and heat shock. Finally, our results suggest that both CIA2 and CIL are crucial for chloroplast translation. Our results contribute to a deeper understanding of signaling events in the chloroplast-nucleus cross-talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Gawroński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding, and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, 02-776, Poland
| | - Paweł Burdiak
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding, and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, 02-776, Poland
| | - Lars B Scharff
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark
| | - Jakub Mielecki
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding, and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, 02-776, Poland
| | - Magdalena Górecka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, Warsaw, 02-106, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zaborowska
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding, and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, 02-776, Poland
| | - Dario Leister
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhadernerstraße 2-4, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany
| | - Cezary Waszczak
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Stanisław Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding, and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, 02-776, Poland
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22
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Babbar R, Karpinska B, Grover A, Foyer CH. Heat-Induced Oxidation of the Nuclei and Cytosol. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:617779. [PMID: 33510759 PMCID: PMC7835529 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.617779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The concept that heat stress (HS) causes a large accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is widely accepted. However, the intracellular compartmentation of ROS accumulation has been poorly characterized. We therefore used redox-sensitive green fluorescent protein (roGFP2) to provide compartment-specific information on heat-induced redox changes of the nuclei and cytosol of Arabidopsis leaf epidermal and stomatal guard cells. We show that HS causes a large increase in the degree of oxidation of both compartments, causing large shifts in the glutathione redox potentials of the cells. Heat-induced increases in the levels of the marker transcripts, heat shock protein (HSP)101, and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)2 were maximal after 15 min of the onset of the heat treatment. RNAseq analysis of the transcript profiles of the control and heat-treated seedlings revealed large changes in transcripts encoding HSPs, mitochondrial proteins, transcription factors, and other nuclear localized components. We conclude that HS causes extensive oxidation of the nucleus as well as the cytosol. We propose that the heat-induced changes in the nuclear redox state are central to both genetic and epigenetic control of plant responses to HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Babbar
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Barbara Karpinska
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anil Grover
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Christine H. Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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23
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Yarra R, Xue Y. Ectopic expression of nucleolar DEAD-Box RNA helicase OsTOGR1 confers improved heat stress tolerance in transgenic Chinese cabbage. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:1803-1814. [PMID: 32995946 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02608-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The DEAD-Box RNA helicase OsTOGR1 positively regulates heat stress tolerance in Chinese cabbage. Non-heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis) is primarily cultivated vegetable crop in Asian countries. Heat stress is one of the major threats for its growth and yield. Numerous regulatory genes in various crops have shown to contribute thermotolerance. Among them, Thermotolerant growth required 1 (TOGR1) is an important DEAD-box RNA helicase. To examine whether its role is conserved in other crops, we constructed pCAMBIA1300-pHSP:OsTOGR1 expression vector driven by the rice small heat shock protein promoter (pHSP17.9) and successfully produced transgenic non-heading Chinese cabbage plants expressing OsTOGR1 gene via Agrobacterium-mediated vacuum infiltration transformation. In total, we generated three independent transgenic cabbage lines expressing TOGR1 gene. Expression and integration of TOGR1 was confirmed by PCR, RT-PCR and qPCR in T1 and T2 generations. The relative leaf electrical conductivity of transgenic seedlings was reduced subjected to high temperature (38 °C) compared to heat shock treatment (46 °C). In addition, hypocotyl length of transgenic seedlings increased compared to wild-type plants under high temperature and heat shock treatment. Furthermore, the transgenic plants exhibited higher chlorophyll content than wild-type plants under high temperature and heat shock treatment. The transgenic seeds displayed better germination under heat shock treatment. Tested heat stress-responsive genes were also up-regulated in the transgenic plants subjected to high temperature or heat shock treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on describing the role of DAED-Box RNA helicases in improving heat stress tolerance of transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Yarra
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yongbiao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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24
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Cortijo S, Locke JCW. Does Gene Expression Noise Play a Functional Role in Plants? TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:1041-1051. [PMID: 32467064 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression in individual cells can be surprisingly noisy. In unicellular organisms this noise can be functional; for example, by allowing a subfraction of the population to prepare for environmental stress. The role of gene expression noise in multicellular organisms has, however, remained unclear. In this review, we discuss how new techniques are revealing an unexpected level of variability in gene expression between and within genetically identical plants. We describe recent progress as well as speculate on the function of transcriptional noise as a mechanism for generating functional phenotypic diversity in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Cortijo
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - James C W Locke
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK.
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25
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Kamal MM, Erazo C, Tanino KK, Kawamura Y, Kasuga J, Laarveld B, Olkowski A, Uemura M. A single seed treatment mediated through reactive oxygen species increases germination, growth performance, and abiotic stress tolerance in Arabidopsis and rice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:2597-2608. [PMID: 32856556 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1808444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyl radical (•OH) is considered to be the most damaging among reactive oxygen species. Although afew studies have reported on its effects on growth and stress adaptation of plants, no detailed studies have been performed using •OH in germination and early seedling growth under abiotic stresses. Here we report a single seed treatment with •OH on germination and seedling growth of Arabidopsis and rice under non-stressed (ambient) and various abiotic-stressed conditions (chilling, high temperature, heat, and salinity). The treatment resulted in faster seed germination and early seedling growth under non-stressed conditions, and, interestingly, these effects were more prominent under abiotic stresses. In addition, Arabidopsis seedlings from treated seeds showed faster root growth and developed more lateral roots. These results show apositive and potential practical use for •OH in model and crop plants for direct seeding in the field, as well as improvement of tolerance against emerging stresses. Abbreviations: AUC: area under curve; MGT: mean germination time; t50: time to reach 50% germination; U7525: time for uniform germination from 25% to 75%; ROS: reactive oxygen species; GSI: germination speed index; SI: stress index; DI: dormancy index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mostafa Kamal
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University , Morioka, Japan
| | - Carlos Erazo
- College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Karen K Tanino
- College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Yukio Kawamura
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University , Morioka, Japan.,Department of Plant-bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University , Morioka, Japan
| | - Jun Kasuga
- Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine , Obihiro, Japan
| | - Bernard Laarveld
- College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Andrew Olkowski
- College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Matsuo Uemura
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University , Morioka, Japan.,Department of Plant-bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University , Morioka, Japan
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26
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Samakovli D, Tichá T, Vavrdová T, Ovečka M, Luptovčiak I, Zapletalová V, Kuchařová A, Křenek P, Krasylenko Y, Margaritopoulou T, Roka L, Milioni D, Komis G, Hatzopoulos P, Šamaj J. YODA-HSP90 Module Regulates Phosphorylation-Dependent Inactivation of SPEECHLESS to Control Stomatal Development under Acute Heat Stress in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:612-633. [PMID: 31935463 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal ontogenesis, patterning, and function are hallmarks of environmental plant adaptation, especially to conditions limiting plant growth, such as elevated temperatures and reduced water availability. The specification and distribution of a stomatal cell lineage and its terminal differentiation into guard cells require a master regulatory protein phosphorylation cascade involving the YODA mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase. YODA signaling results in the activation of MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASEs (MPK3 and MPK6), which regulate transcription factors, including SPEECHLESS (SPCH). Here, we report that acute heat stress affects the phosphorylation and deactivation of SPCH and modulates stomatal density. By using complementary molecular, genetic, biochemical, and cell biology approaches, we provide solid evidence that HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS 90 (HSP90s) play a crucial role in transducing heat-stress response through the YODA cascade. Genetic studies revealed that YODA and HSP90.1 are epistatic, and they likely function linearly in the same developmental pathway regulating stomata formation. HSP90s interact with YODA, affect its cellular polarization, and modulate the phosphorylation of downstream targets, such as MPK6 and SPCH, under both normal and heat-stress conditions. Thus, HSP90-mediated specification and differentiation of the stomatal cell lineage couples stomatal development to environmental cues, providing an adaptive heat stress response mechanism in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina Samakovli
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic.
| | - Tereza Tichá
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Vavrdová
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Ovečka
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Luptovčiak
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Zapletalová
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Kuchařová
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Křenek
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Yuliya Krasylenko
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Theoni Margaritopoulou
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 118 55, Greece
| | - Loukia Roka
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 118 55, Greece
| | - Dimitra Milioni
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 118 55, Greece
| | - George Komis
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Polydefkis Hatzopoulos
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 118 55, Greece
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
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27
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Muthusamy M, Yoon EK, Kim JA, Jeong MJ, Lee SI. Brassica Rapa SR45a Regulates Drought Tolerance via the Alternative Splicing of Target Genes. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11020182. [PMID: 32050656 PMCID: PMC7074037 DOI: 10.3390/genes11020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging evidence has shown that plant serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins play a crucial role in abiotic stress responses by regulating the alternative splicing (AS) of key genes. Recently, we have shown that drought stress enhances the expression of SR45a (also known as SR-like 3) in Brassica rapa. Herein, we unraveled the hitherto unknown functions of BrSR45a in drought stress response by comparing the phenotypes, chlorophyll a fluorescence and splicing patterns of the drought-responsive genes of Arabidopsis BrSR45a overexpressors (OEs), homozygous mutants (SALK_052345), and controls (Col-0). Overexpression and loss of function did not result in aberrant phenotypes; however, the overexpression of BrSR45a was positively correlated with drought tolerance and the stress recovery rate in an expression-dependent manner. Moreover, OEs showed a higher drought tolerance index during seed germination (38.16%) than the control lines. Additionally, the overexpression of BrSR45a induced the expression of the drought stress-inducible genes RD29A, NCED3, and DREB2A under normal conditions. To further illustrate the molecular linkages between BrSR45a and drought tolerance, we investigated the AS patterns of key drought-tolerance and BrSR45a interacting genes in OEs, mutants, and controls under both normal and drought conditions. The splicing patterns of DCP5, RD29A, GOLS1, AKR, U2AF, and SDR were different between overexpressors and mutants under normal conditions. Furthermore, drought stress altered the splicing patterns of NCED2, SQE, UPF1, U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP-associated protein, and UPF1 between OEs and mutants, indicating that both overexpression and loss of function differently influenced the splicing patterns of target genes. This study revealed that BrSR45a regulates the drought stress response via the alternative splicing of target genes in a concentration-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthusamy Muthusamy
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (M.M.); (J.A.K.); (M.-J.J.)
| | - Eun Kyung Yoon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore;
| | - Jin A Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (M.M.); (J.A.K.); (M.-J.J.)
| | - Mi-Jeong Jeong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (M.M.); (J.A.K.); (M.-J.J.)
| | - Soo In Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (M.M.); (J.A.K.); (M.-J.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-238-4618; Fax: +82-63-238-4604
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28
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Li N, Euring D, Cha JY, Lin Z, Lu M, Huang LJ, Kim WY. Plant Hormone-Mediated Regulation of Heat Tolerance in Response to Global Climate Change. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:627969. [PMID: 33643337 PMCID: PMC7905216 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.627969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture is largely dependent on climate and is highly vulnerable to climate change. The global mean surface temperatures are increasing due to global climate change. Temperature beyond the physiological optimum for growth induces heat stress in plants causing detrimental and irreversible damage to plant development, growth, as well as productivity. Plants have evolved adaptive mechanisms in response to heat stress. The classical plant hormones, such as auxin, abscisic acid (ABA), brassinosteroids (BRs), cytokinin (CK), salicylic acid (SA), jasmonate (JA), and ethylene (ET), integrate environmental stimuli and endogenous signals to regulate plant defensive response to various abiotic stresses, including heat. Exogenous applications of those hormones prior or parallel to heat stress render plants more thermotolerant. In this review, we summarized the recent progress and current understanding of the roles of those phytohormones in defending plants against heat stress and the underlying signal transduction pathways. We also discussed the implication of the basic knowledge of hormone-regulated plant heat responsive mechanism to develop heat-resilient plants as an effective and efficient way to cope with global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, China
| | - Dejuan Euring
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Joon Yung Cha
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21PLUS), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Zeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, China
| | - Mengzhu Lu
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, China
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Li-Jun Huang, ; 0000-0001-8072-5180
| | - Woe Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21PLUS), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
- Woe Yeon Kim,
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29
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Gao G, Tester MA, Julkowska MM. The Use of High-Throughput Phenotyping for Assessment of Heat Stress-Induced Changes in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHENOMICS (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2020; 2020:3723916. [PMID: 33313552 PMCID: PMC7706305 DOI: 10.34133/2020/3723916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide rise in heatwave frequency poses a threat to plant survival and productivity. Determining the new marker phenotypes that show reproducible response to heat stress and contribute to heat stress tolerance is becoming a priority. In this study, we describe a protocol focusing on the daily changes in plant morphology and photosynthetic performance after exposure to heat stress using an automated noninvasive phenotyping system. Heat stress exposure resulted in an acute reduction of the quantum yield of photosystem II and increased leaf angle. In longer term, the exposure to heat also affected plant growth and morphology. By tracking the recovery period of the WT and mutants impaired in thermotolerance (hsp101), we observed that the difference in maximum quantum yield, quenching, rosette size, and morphology. By examining the correlation across the traits throughout time, we observed that early changes in photochemical quenching corresponded with the rosette size at later stages, which suggests the contribution of quenching to overall heat tolerance. We also determined that 6 h of heat stress provides the most informative insight in plant's responses to heat, as it shows a clear separation between treated and nontreated plants as well as the WT and hsp101. Our work streamlines future discoveries by providing an experimental protocol, data analysis pipeline, and new phenotypes that could be used as targets in thermotolerance screenings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Gao
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mark A. Tester
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdalena M. Julkowska
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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30
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Wu J, Wang T. Synergistic Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Heat Stress on the Alleviation of Transcriptional Gene Silencing in Arabidopsis thaliana. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 104:49-56. [PMID: 31745599 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02749-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Phytotoxicity is an inevitable consideration in evaluating the potential ecological effects of nanoparticles (NPs). Natural ecosystems are complex and accompanied by many other environmental factors. Thus understanding the impact of NPs on plant response to other environmental stresses is crucial to assess the comprehensive toxicity of NPs in ecosystem. In the present study, Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings were cultured in medium containing zinc oxide NPs (ZnO-NPs) then subjected to heat stress at 37°C. Alleviation of transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) in aerial leafy tissues was assessed as an epi-genotoxic endpoint. Results showed that 1 µg/mL ZnO-NPs alone can not alleviate GUS gene (β-glucuronidase) which silenced by TGS (TGS-GUS), but it significantly enhanced heat stress-induced alleviation of TGS-GUS, suggesting an synergistic effect of ZnO-NPs and heat stress on genomic instability. Further study showed that the initiation of synergistic effect could be regulated by plant developmental stage, heat duration and temperature, and heat shock related genes might be involved in.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1138, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1138, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Gurung PD, Upadhyay AK, Bhardwaj PK, Sowdhamini R, Ramakrishnan U. Transcriptome analysis reveals plasticity in gene regulation due to environmental cues in Primula sikkimensis, a high altitude plant species. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:989. [PMID: 31847812 PMCID: PMC6916092 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6354-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studying plasticity in gene expression in natural systems is crucial, for predicting and managing the effects of climate change on plant species. To understand the contribution of gene expression level variations to abiotic stress compensation in a Himalaya plant (Primula sikkimensis), we carried out a transplant experiment within (Ambient), and beyond (Below Ambient and Above Ambient) the altitudinal range limit of species. We sequenced nine transcriptomes (three each from each altitudinal range condition) using Illumina sequencing technology. We compared the fitness variation of transplants among three transplant conditions. RESULTS A large number of significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between below ambient versus ambient (109) and above ambient versus ambient (85) were identified. Transcripts involved in plant growth and development were mostly up-regulated in below ambient conditions. Transcripts involved in signalling, defence, and membrane transport were mostly up-regulated in above ambient condition. Pathway analysis revealed that most of the genes involved in metabolic processes, secondary metabolism, and flavonoid biosynthesis were differentially expressed in below ambient conditions, whereas most of the genes involved in photosynthesis and plant hormone signalling were differentially expressed in above ambient conditions. In addition, we observed higher reproductive fitness in transplant individuals at below ambient condition compared to above ambient conditions; contrary to what we expect from the cold adaptive P. sikkimensis plants. CONCLUSIONS We reveal P. sikkimensis's capacity for rapid adaptation to climate change through transcriptome variation, which may facilitate the phenotypic plasticity observed in morphological and life history traits. The genes and pathways identified provide a genetic resource for understanding the temperature stress (both the hot and cold stress) tolerance mechanism of P. sikkimensis in their natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Darshini Gurung
- National Center for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560065 India
- Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Atul Kumar Upadhyay
- National Center for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560065 India
- Present Address: Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Patiala, Punjab 147004 India
| | - Pardeep Kumar Bhardwaj
- Institute of Bioresource & Sustainable Development, A National Institute under Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science & Technology, Government of India, Gangtok, Sikkim 737102 India
- Present address: Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Meghalaya, 6th Mile, Upper Shillong, Meghalaya 793009 India
| | - Ramanathan Sowdhamini
- National Center for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560065 India
| | - Uma Ramakrishnan
- National Center for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560065 India
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Arico D, Legris M, Castro L, Garcia CF, Laino A, Casal JJ, Mazzella MA. Neighbour signals perceived by phytochrome B increase thermotolerance in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:2554-2566. [PMID: 31069808 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Due to the preeminence of reductionist approaches, understanding of plant responses to combined stresses is limited. We speculated that light-quality signals of neighbouring vegetation might increase susceptibility to heat shocks because shade reduces tissue temperature and hence the likeness of heat shocks. In contrast, plants of Arabidopsis thaliana grown under low-red/far-red ratios typical of shade were less damaged by heat stress than plants grown under simulated sunlight. Neighbour signals reduce the activity of phytochrome B (phyB), increasing the abundance of PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORS (PIFs). The phyB mutant showed high tolerance to heat stress even under simulated sunlight, and a pif multiple mutant showed low tolerance under simulated shade. phyB and red/far-red ratio had no effects on seedlings acclimated with nonstressful warm temperatures before the heat shock. The phyB mutant showed reduced expression of several fatty acid desaturase (FAD) genes and less proportion of fully unsaturated fatty acids and electrolyte leakage of membranes exposed to heat shocks. Red-light-activated phyB also reduced thermotolerance of dark-grown seedlings but not via changes in FADs expression and membrane stability. We propose that the reduced photosynthetic capacity linked to thermotolerant membranes would be less costly under shade, where the light input limits photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Arico
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Dr. Héctor Torres (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, 1428, Argentina
| | - Martina Legris
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Fundación Instituto Leloir (FIL), Buenos Aires, 1405, Argentina
| | - Luciana Castro
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Dr. Héctor Torres (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, 1428, Argentina
| | - Carlos Fernando Garcia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Profesor Doctor Rodolfo R. Brenner" (INIBIOLP), CCT-La Plata CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
| | - Aldana Laino
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Profesor Doctor Rodolfo R. Brenner" (INIBIOLP), CCT-La Plata CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
| | - Jorge José Casal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Fundación Instituto Leloir (FIL), Buenos Aires, 1405, Argentina
- IFEVA, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, 1417, Argentina
| | - Maria Agustina Mazzella
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Dr. Héctor Torres (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, 1428, Argentina
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33
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Chloroplast Signaling Gates Thermotolerance in Arabidopsis. Cell Rep 2019; 22:1657-1665. [PMID: 29444421 PMCID: PMC5847188 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature is a key environmental variable influencing plant growth and survival. Protection against high temperature stress in eukaryotes is coordinated by heat shock factors (HSFs), transcription factors that activate the expression of protective chaperones such as HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 70 (HSP70); however, the pathway by which temperature is sensed and integrated with other environmental signals into adaptive responses is not well understood. Plants are exposed to considerable diurnal variation in temperature, and we have found that there is diurnal variation in thermotolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana, with maximal thermotolerance coinciding with higher HSP70 expression during the day. In a forward genetic screen, we identified a key role for the chloroplast in controlling this response, suggesting that light-induced chloroplast signaling plays a key role. Consistent with this, we are able to globally activate binding of HSFA1a to its targets by altering redox status in planta independently of a heat shock. There is a diurnal pattern of basal thermotolerance in Arabidopsis Thermotolerance correlates with diurnal expression patterns of heat-associated genes Chloroplast mutants have greater heat shock gene expression and thermotolerance A chloroplast generated light signal gates HSFA1 and heat shock gene expression
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34
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Cortijo S, Aydin Z, Ahnert S, Locke JC. Widespread inter-individual gene expression variability in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol Syst Biol 2019; 15:e8591. [PMID: 30679203 PMCID: PMC6346214 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20188591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental question in biology is how gene expression is regulated to give rise to a phenotype. However, transcriptional variability is rarely considered although it could influence the relationship between genotype and phenotype. It is known in unicellular organisms that gene expression is often noisy rather than uniform, and this has been proposed to be beneficial when environmental conditions are unpredictable. However, little is known about inter-individual transcriptional variability in multicellular organisms. Using transcriptomic approaches, we analysed gene expression variability between individual Arabidopsis thaliana plants growing in identical conditions over a 24-h time course. We identified hundreds of genes that exhibit high inter-individual variability and found that many are involved in environmental responses, with different classes of genes variable between the day and night. We also identified factors that might facilitate gene expression variability, such as gene length, the number of transcription factors regulating the genes and the chromatin environment. These results shed new light on the impact of transcriptional variability in gene expression regulation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Cortijo
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zeynep Aydin
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sebastian Ahnert
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James Cw Locke
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Uno H, Tanaka-Takada N, Hattori M, Fukuda M, Maeshima M. A cell-wall protein SRPP provides physiological integrity to the Arabidopsis seed. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2019; 132:145-154. [PMID: 30673938 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-018-01083-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Seed and root hair protective protein (SRPP) is expressed in seeds and root hairs, localized in the cell wall, and involved in cell wall integrity. We analyzed a loss-of-function mutant of SRPP, focusing on siliques and seeds. The srpp-1 plants generated dark brown shrunken seeds at a high rate. The germination rate of these defect seeds of srpp-1 was less than 6%, although apparently normal srpp-1 seeds germinated at a rate of 83%. The production ratio of severe phenotypic seeds was dependent on the growth conditions. When the srpp-1 plants were cultivated at low humidity, the defect ratio was 73%, which was significantly higher than that at normal humidity. Defects of the silique and seeds could be detected on day 7 after pollination and the apical region of the siliques displayed a severe phenotype at a high frequency. Complementation with an SRPP gene under the control of promoters specific to the embryo, seed coat, or valve (carpel) partially rescued the phenotype, and complementation using the SRPP promoter fully rescued the phenotype. Furthermore, overexpression of SRPP enhanced the thermotolerance. After the treatment of seeds at 50 °C for 2 h, the germination rate of the seeds from overexpression with the 35S promoter increased to levels twice that of the wild-type seeds. Under the same conditions, no srpp-1 seeds germinated. These results indicate that SRPP is essential for the production of normal viable seeds in siliques under stress conditions. It is possible that modification of the SRPP gene improves seed integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Uno
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Natsuki Tanaka-Takada
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3RB, Oxford, UK
| | - Momoko Hattori
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mayu Fukuda
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Maeshima
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
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Buckner E, Madison I, Chou H, Matthiadis A, Melvin CE, Sozzani R, Williams C, Long TA. Automated Imaging, Tracking, and Analytics Pipeline for Differentiating Environmental Effects on Root Meristematic Cell Division. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1487. [PMID: 31803217 PMCID: PMC6877711 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of plants to abiotic stresses, whether individually or in combination, triggers dynamic changes to gene regulation. These responses induce distinct changes in phenotypic characteristics, enabling the plant to adapt to changing environments. For example, iron deficiency and heat stress have been shown to alter root development by reducing primary root growth and reducing cell proliferation, respectively. Currently, identifying the dynamic temporal coordination of genetic responses to combined abiotic stresses remains a bottleneck. This is, in part, due to an inability to isolate specific intervals in developmental time where differential activity in plant stress responses plays a critical role. Here, we observed that iron deficiency, in combination with temporary heat stress, suppresses the expression of iron deficiency-responsive pPYE::LUC (POPEYE::luciferase) and pBTS::LUC (BRUTUS::luciferase) reporter genes. Moreover, root growth was suppressed less under combined iron deficiency and heat stress than under either single stress condition. To further explore the interaction between pathways, we also created a computer vision pipeline to extract, analyze, and compare high-dimensional dynamic spatial and temporal cellular data in response to heat and iron deficiency stress conditions at high temporal resolution. Specifically, we used fluorescence light sheet microscopy to image Arabidopsis thaliana roots expressing CYCB1;1:GFP, a marker for cell entry into mitosis, every 20 min for 24 h exposed to either iron sufficiency, iron deficiency, heat stress, or combined iron deficiency and heat stress. Our pipeline extracted spatiotemporal metrics from these time-course data. These metrics showed that the persistency and timing of CYCB1;1:GFP signal were uniquely different under combined iron deficiency and heat stress conditions versus the single stress conditions. These metrics also indicated that the spatiotemporal characteristics of the CYCB1;1:GFP signal under combined stress were more dissimilar to the control response than the response seen under iron deficiency for the majority of the 24-h experiment. Moreover, the combined stress response was less dissimilar to the control than the response seen under heat stress. This indicated that pathways activated when the plant is exposed to both iron deficiency and heat stress affected CYCB1;1:GFP spatiotemporal function antagonistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Buckner
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Imani Madison
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Hsuan Chou
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Anna Matthiadis
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Charles E. Melvin
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Rosangela Sozzani
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Cranos Williams
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Cranos Williams, ; Terri A. Long,
| | - Terri A. Long
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Cranos Williams, ; Terri A. Long,
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Chloroplast-to-Nucleus Signaling Regulates MicroRNA Biogenesis in Arabidopsis. Dev Cell 2018; 48:371-382.e4. [PMID: 30595534 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
As integral regulators in plant development and stress response, microRNAs (miRNAs) themselves need to be tightly regulated. Here, we show that tocopherols (vitamin E), lipid-soluble antioxidants synthesized from tyrosine in chloroplasts, positively regulate the biogenesis of miRNAs. Tocopherols are required for the accumulation of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate (PAP), a retrograde inhibitor of the nuclear exoribonucleases (XRN), which may protect primary miRNAs from being degraded and promote mature miRNA production. Such regulation is involved in heat-induced accumulation of miR398 and plant acquisition of heat tolerance. Our study reveals a chloroplast-to-nucleus signaling mechanism that favors miRNA biogenesis under heat and possibly other environmental perturbations.
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Mishra N, Srivastava AP, Esmaeili N, Hu W, Shen G. Overexpression of the rice gene OsSIZ1 in Arabidopsis improves drought-, heat-, and salt-tolerance simultaneously. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201716. [PMID: 30092010 PMCID: PMC6084956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sumoylation is one of the post translational modifications, which affects cellular processes in plants through conjugation of small ubiquitin like modifier (SUMO) to target substrate proteins. Response to various abiotic environmental stresses is one of the major cellular functions regulated by SUMO conjugation. SIZ1 is a SUMO E3 ligase, facilitating a vital step in the sumoylation pathway. In this report, it is demonstrated that over-expression of the rice gene OsSIZ1 in Arabidopsis leads to increased tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses. For example, OsSIZ1-overexpressing plants exhibited enhanced tolerance to salt, drought, and heat stresses, and generated greater seed yields under a variety of stress conditions. Furthermore, OsSIZ1-overexpressing plants were able to exclude sodium ions more efficiently when grown in saline soils and accumulate higher potassium ions as compared to wild-type plants. Further analysis revealed that OsSIZ1-overexpressing plants expressed higher transcript levels of P5CS, a gene involved in the biosynthesis of proline, under both salt and drought stress conditions. Therefore, proline here is acting as an osmoprotectant to alleviate damages caused by drought and salt stresses. These results demonstrate that the rice gene OsSIZ1 has a great potential to be used for improving crop's tolerance to several abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Mishra
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Botany, St. Joseph’s College, Bangalore, India
| | - Anurag P. Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nardana Esmaeili
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Wenjun Hu
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Guoxin Shen
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Bechtold U, Ferguson JN, Mullineaux PM. To defend or to grow: lessons from Arabidopsis C24. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:2809-2821. [PMID: 29562306 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of Arabidopsis as a model species and the availability of genetic and genomic resources have resulted in the identification and detailed characterization of abiotic stress signalling pathways. However, this has led only to limited success in engineering abiotic stress tolerance in crops. This is because there needs to be a deeper understanding of how to combine resistances to a range of stresses with growth and productivity. The natural variation and genomic resources of Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) are a great asset to understand the mechanisms of multiple stress tolerances. One natural variant in Arabidopsis is the accession C24, and here we provide an overview of the increasing research interest in this accession. C24 is highlighted as a source of tolerance for multiple abiotic and biotic stresses, and a key accession to understand the basis of basal immunity to infection, high water use efficiency, and water productivity. Multiple biochemical, physiological, and phenological mechanisms have been attributed to these traits in C24, and none of them constrains productivity. Based on the uniqueness of C24, we postulate that the use of variation derived from natural selection in undomesticated species provides opportunities to better understand how complex environmental stress tolerances and resource use efficiency are co-ordinated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Bechtold
- University of Essex, School of Biological Sciences, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, UK
| | - John N Ferguson
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Philip M Mullineaux
- University of Essex, School of Biological Sciences, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, UK
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Kim GD, Yoo SD, Cho YH. STABILIZED1 as a heat stress-specific splicing factor in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2018; 13:e1432955. [PMID: 29381447 PMCID: PMC5846565 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1432955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
To overcome high temperature stress, plants have developed transcriptional cascades which express a large amount of chaperone proteins called heat shock proteins (HSPs). In our recent publication, we reported that STABILIZED1, as an U5-snRNP-interacting protein, is involved in the splicing of heat shock factor (HSF) and HSP transcripts during high temperature stress. This indicates that not only transcriptional regulation, but also post-transcriptional regulation by STA1, is essential for the full activation of HSF-HSP cascades and for thermotolerance. Here, we observed that the splicing of HSP transcripts was induced independent of STA1 at room temperature after heat acclimation, indicating that STA1 acts as a high temperature-specific splicing factor for the splicing of HSP transcripts. Our findings suggest the molecular mechanism for how HSF and HSP transcripts are spliced well under high temperature stress that blocks the splicing of overall transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geun-Don Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Dong Yoo
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Hee Cho
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- CONTACT Young-Hee Cho Department of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anamro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea, 02841
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Lin JS, Kuo CC, Yang IC, Tsai WA, Shen YH, Lin CC, Liang YC, Li YC, Kuo YW, King YC, Lai HM, Jeng ST. MicroRNA160 Modulates Plant Development and Heat Shock Protein Gene Expression to Mediate Heat Tolerance in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:68. [PMID: 29449855 PMCID: PMC5799662 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Global warming is causing a negative impact on plant growth and adversely impacts on crop yield. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical in regulating the expression of genes involved in plant development as well as defense responses. The effects of miRNAs on heat-stressed Arabidopsis warrants further investigation. Heat stress increased the expression of miR160 and its precursors but considerably reduced that of its targets, ARF10, ARF16, and ARF17. To study the roles of miR160 during heat stress, transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing miR160 precursor a (160OE) and artificial miR160 (MIM160), which mimics an inhibitor of miR160, were created. T-DNA insertion mutants of miR160 targets were also used to examine their tolerances to heat stress. Results presented that overexpressing miR160 improved seed germination and seedling survival under heat stress. The lengths of hypocotyl elongation and rachis were also longer in 160OE than the wild-type (WT) plants under heat stress. Interestingly, MIM160 plants showed worse adaption to heat. In addition, arf10, arf16, and arf17 mutants presented similar phenotypes to 160OE under heat stress to advance abilities of thermotolerance. Moreover, transcriptome and qRT-PCR analyses revealed that HSP17.6A, HSP17.6II, HSP21, and HSP70B expression levels were regulated by heat in 160OE, MIM160, arf10, arf16, and arf17 plants. Hence, miR160 altered the expression of the heat shock proteins and plant development to allow plants to survive heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Shane Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chia Kuo
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Chu Yang
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-An Tsai
- Department of Crop Environment, Hualien District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Council of Agriculture, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsing Shen
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Lin
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Liang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Li
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Wei Kuo
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi King
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Mei Lai
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Tong Jeng
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Shih-Tong Jeng
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Chao LM, Liu YQ, Chen DY, Xue XY, Mao YB, Chen XY. Arabidopsis Transcription Factors SPL1 and SPL12 Confer Plant Thermotolerance at Reproductive Stage. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:735-748. [PMID: 28400323 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant reproductive organs are vulnerable to heat, but regulation of heat-shock responses in inflorescence is largely uncharacterized. Here, we report that two of the SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) transcriptional factors in Arabidopsis, SPL1 and SPL12, act redundantly in thermotolerance at the reproductive stage. The spl1-1 spl12-1 inflorescences displayed hypersensitivity to heat stress, whereas overexpression of SPL1 or SPL12 enhanced the thermotolerance in both Arabidopsis and tobacco. RNA sequencing revealed 1939 upregulated and 1479 downregulated genes in wild-type inflorescence upon heat stress, among which one-quarter (1,040) was misregulated in spl1-1 spl12-1, indicating that SPL1 and SPL12 contribute greatly to the heat-triggered transcriptional reprogramming in inflorescence. Notably, heat stress induced a large number of abscisic acid (ABA) responsive genes, of which ∼39% were disturbed in heat induction in spl1-1 spl12-1 inflorescence. Preapplication of ABA and overexpression of SPL1 restored the inflorescence thermotolerance in spl1-1 spl12-1 and in the ABA biosynthesis mutant aba2-1, but not in the pyl sextuple mutant defective in ABA receptors PYR1/PYL1/PYL2/PYL4/PYL5/PYL8. Thus, inflorescence thermotolerance conferred by SPL1 and SPL2 involves PYL-mediated ABA signaling. The molecular network consisting of SPL1 and SPL12 illustrated here shed new light on the mechanisms of plant thermotolerance at the reproductive stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Men Chao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao-Qian Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Dian-Yang Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Yi Xue
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Bo Mao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ya Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China; Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, People's Republic of China.
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Kim GD, Cho YH, Lee BH, Yoo SD. STABILIZED1 Modulates Pre-mRNA Splicing for Thermotolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 173:2370-2382. [PMID: 28223317 PMCID: PMC5373063 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
High-temperature stress often leads to differential RNA splicing, thus accumulating different types and/or amounts of mature mRNAs in eukaryotic cells. However, regulatory mechanisms underlying plant precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) splicing in the environmental stress conditions remain elusive. Herein, we describe that a U5-snRNP-interacting protein homolog STABILIZED1 (STA1) has pre-mRNA splicing activity for heat-inducible transcripts including HEAT STRESS TRANSCRIPTION FACTORs and various HEAT SHOCK PROTEINs for the establishment of heat stress tolerance in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Our cell-based splicing reporter assay demonstrated STA1 acts on pre-mRNA splicing for specific subsets of stress-related genes. Cellular reconstitution of heat-inducible transcription cascades supported the view that STA1-dependent pre-mRNA splicing plays a role in DREB2A-dependent HSFA3 expression for heat-responsive gene expression. Further genetic analysis with a loss-of-function mutant sta1-1, STA1-expressing transgenic plants in Col background, and STA1-expressing transgenic plants in the sta1-1 background verified that STA1 is essential in expression of necessary genes including HSFA3 for two-step heat stress tolerance in plants. However, constitutive overexpression of the cDNA version of HSFA3 in the sta1-1 background is unable to execute plant heat stress tolerance in sta1-1 Consistently our global target analysis of STA1 showed that its splicing activity modulates a rather broad range of gene expression in response to heat treatment. The findings of this study reveal that heat-inducible STA1 activity for pre-mRNA splicing serves as a molecular regulatory mechanism underlying the plant stress tolerance to high-temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geun-Don Kim
- Division of Life Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea (G.-D.K.; Y.-H.C.; S.-D.Y.); and
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea (B.-H.L.)
| | - Young-Hee Cho
- Division of Life Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea (G.-D.K.; Y.-H.C.; S.-D.Y.); and
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea (B.-H.L.)
| | - Byeong-Ha Lee
- Division of Life Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea (G.-D.K.; Y.-H.C.; S.-D.Y.); and
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea (B.-H.L.)
| | - Sang-Dong Yoo
- Division of Life Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea (G.-D.K.; Y.-H.C.; S.-D.Y.); and
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea (B.-H.L.)
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Castro PH, Couto D, Freitas S, Verde N, Macho AP, Huguet S, Botella MA, Ruiz-Albert J, Tavares RM, Bejarano ER, Azevedo H. SUMO proteases ULP1c and ULP1d are required for development and osmotic stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 92:143-59. [PMID: 27325215 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0500-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Sumoylation is an essential post-translational regulator of plant development and the response to environmental stimuli. SUMO conjugation occurs via an E1-E2-E3 cascade, and can be removed by SUMO proteases (ULPs). ULPs are numerous and likely to function as sources of specificity within the pathway, yet most ULPs remain functionally unresolved. In this report we used loss-of-function reverse genetics and transcriptomics to functionally characterize Arabidopsis thaliana ULP1c and ULP1d SUMO proteases. GUS reporter assays implicated ULP1c/d in various developmental stages, and subsequent defects in growth and germination were uncovered using loss-of-function mutants. Microarray analysis evidenced not only a deregulation of genes involved in development, but also in genes controlled by various drought-associated transcriptional regulators. We demonstrated that ulp1c ulp1d displayed diminished in vitro root growth under low water potential and higher stomatal aperture, yet leaf transpirational water loss and whole drought tolerance were not significantly altered. Generation of a triple siz1 ulp1c ulp1d mutant suggests that ULP1c/d and the SUMO E3 ligase SIZ1 may display separate functions in development yet operate epistatically in response to water deficit. We provide experimental evidence that Arabidopsis ULP1c and ULP1d proteases act redundantly as positive regulators of growth, and operate mainly as isopeptidases downstream of SIZ1 in the control of water deficit responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Humberto Castro
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Center, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Teatinos, 29071, Malaga, Spain
- Section for Plant and Soil Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Daniel Couto
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Center, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Sara Freitas
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Center, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno Verde
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Center, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Alberto P Macho
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Teatinos, 29071, Malaga, Spain
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201602, Shanghai, China
| | - Stéphanie Huguet
- Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), UMR INRA 1165, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, ERL CNRS 8196, 2 rue G. Crémieux, CP 5708, 91057, Evry Cedex, France
| | - Miguel Angel Botella
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Teatinos, 29071, Malaga, Spain
| | - Javier Ruiz-Albert
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Teatinos, 29071, Malaga, Spain
| | - Rui Manuel Tavares
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Center, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Rodríguez Bejarano
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Teatinos, 29071, Malaga, Spain
| | - Herlânder Azevedo
- CIBIO, InBIO-Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.
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Castro PH, Verde N, Lourenço T, Magalhães AP, Tavares RM, Bejarano ER, Azevedo H. SIZ1-Dependent Post-Translational Modification by SUMO Modulates Sugar Signaling and Metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:2297-2311. [PMID: 26468507 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modification mechanisms function as switches that mediate the balance between optimum growth and the response to environmental stimuli, by regulating the activity of key proteins. SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) attachment, or sumoylation, is a post-translational modification that is essential for the plant stress response, also modulating hormonal circuits to co-ordinate developmental processes. The Arabidopsis SUMO E3 ligase SAP and Miz 1 (SIZ1) is the major SUMO conjugation enhancer in response to stress, and is implicated in several aspects of plant development. Here we report that known SUMO targets are over-represented in multiple carbohydrate-related proteins, suggesting a functional link between sumoylation and sugar metabolism and signaling in plants. We subsequently observed that SUMO-conjugated proteins accumulate in response to high doses of sugar in a SIZ1-dependent manner, and that the null siz1 mutant displays increased expression of sucrose and starch catabolic genes and shows reduced starch levels. We demonstrated that SIZ1 controls germination time and post-germination growth via osmotic and sugar-dependent signaling, respectively. Glucose was specifically linked to SUMO-sugar interplay, with high levels inducing root growth inhibition and aberrant root hair morphology in siz1. The use of sugar analogs and sugar marker gene expression analysis allowed us to implicate SIZ1 in a signaling pathway dependent on glucose metabolism, probably involving modulation of SNF1-related kinase 1 (SnRK1) activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Humberto Castro
- BioSystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Center, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Nuno Verde
- BioSystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Center, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal CIBIO, InBIO-Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Tiago Lourenço
- BioSystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Center, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal CIBIO, InBIO-Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Papadopoulos Magalhães
- BioSystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Center, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal CIBIO, InBIO-Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Rui Manuel Tavares
- BioSystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Center, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Rodríguez Bejarano
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea 'La Mayora', Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Herlânder Azevedo
- CIBIO, InBIO-Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
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Kim D, Ntui VO, Zhang N, Xiong L. Arabidopsis Yak1 protein (AtYak1) is a dual specificity protein kinase. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:3321-7. [PMID: 26452715 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Yak1 is a member of dual-specificity Tyr phosphorylation-regulated kinases (DYRKs) that are evolutionarily conserved. The downstream targets of Yak1 and their functions are largely unknown. Here, a homologous protein AtYAK1 was identified in Arabidopsis thaliana and the phosphoprotein profiles of the wild type and an atyak1 mutant were compared on two-dimensional gel following Pro-Q Diamond phosphoprotein gel staining. Annexin1, Annexin2 and RBD were phosphorylated at serine/threonine residues by the AtYak1 kinase. Annexin1, Annexin2 and Annexin4 were also phosphorylated at tyrosine residues. Our study demonstrated that AtYak1 is a dual specificity protein kinase in Arabidopsis that may regulate the phosphorylation status of the annexin family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjin Kim
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia; Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Valentine Otang Ntui
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia; Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nianshu Zhang
- Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, Department of Biochemistry, The Sanger Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Liming Xiong
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
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47
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Bac-Molenaar JA, Fradin EF, Becker FFM, Rienstra JA, van der Schoot J, Vreugdenhil D, Keurentjes JJB. Genome-Wide Association Mapping of Fertility Reduction upon Heat Stress Reveals Developmental Stage-Specific QTLs in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT CELL 2015; 27:1857-74. [PMID: 26163573 PMCID: PMC4531356 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
For crops that are grown for their fruits or seeds, elevated temperatures that occur during flowering and seed or fruit set have a stronger effect on yield than high temperatures during the vegetative stage. Even short-term exposure to heat can have a large impact on yield. In this study, we used Arabidopsis thaliana to study the effect of short-term heat exposure on flower and seed development. The impact of a single hot day (35°C) was determined in more than 250 natural accessions by measuring the lengths of the siliques along the main inflorescence. Two sensitive developmental stages were identified, one before anthesis, during male and female meiosis, and one after anthesis, during fertilization and early embryo development. In addition, we observed a correlation between flowering time and heat tolerance. Genome-wide association mapping revealed four quantitative trait loci (QTLs) strongly associated with the heat response. These QTLs were developmental stage specific, as different QTLs were detected before and after anthesis. For a number of QTLs, T-DNA insertion knockout lines could validate assigned candidate genes. Our findings show that the regulation of complex traits can be highly dependent on the developmental timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna A Bac-Molenaar
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Emilie F Fradin
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank F M Becker
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Juriaan A Rienstra
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J van der Schoot
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dick Vreugdenhil
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost J B Keurentjes
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Kaur H, Petla BP, Kamble NU, Singh A, Rao V, Salvi P, Ghosh S, Majee M. Differentially expressed seed aging responsive heat shock protein OsHSP18.2 implicates in seed vigor, longevity and improves germination and seedling establishment under abiotic stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:713. [PMID: 26442027 PMCID: PMC4568394 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are a diverse group of proteins and are highly abundant in plant species. Although majority of these sHSPs were shown to express specifically in seed, their potential function in seed physiology remains to be fully explored. Our proteomic analysis revealed that OsHSP18.2, a class II cytosolic HSP is an aging responsive protein as its abundance significantly increased after artificial aging in rice seeds. OsHSP18.2 transcript was found to markedly increase at the late maturation stage being highly abundant in dry seeds and sharply decreased after germination. Our biochemical study clearly demonstrated that OsHSP18.2 forms homooligomeric complex and is dodecameric in nature and functions as a molecular chaperone. OsHSP18.2 displayed chaperone activity as it was effective in preventing thermal inactivation of Citrate Synthase. Further, to analyze the function of this protein in seed physiology, seed specific Arabidopsis overexpression lines for OsHSP18.2 were generated. Our subsequent functional analysis clearly demonstrated that OsHSP18.2 has ability to improve seed vigor and longevity by reducing deleterious ROS accumulation in seeds. In addition, transformed Arabidopsis seeds also displayed better performance in germination and cotyledon emergence under adverse conditions. Collectively, our work demonstrates that OsHSP18.2 is an aging responsive protein which functions as a molecular chaperone and possibly protect and stabilize the cellular proteins from irreversible damage particularly during maturation drying, desiccation and aging in seeds by restricting ROS accumulation and thereby improves seed vigor, longevity and seedling establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Manoj Majee
- *Correspondence: Manoj Majee, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India,
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