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Shi J, Yang J, Xu H, Luo Q, Sun J, Zhang Y, Liang Z, Zhao N, Zhang J. Preparation of a Sunitinib loaded microemulsion for ocular delivery and evaluation for the treatment of corneal neovascularization in vitro and in vivo. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1157084. [PMID: 37497104 PMCID: PMC10366539 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1157084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Corneal neovascularization (CNV) is a pathological condition that can disrupt corneal transparency, thus harming visual acuity. However, there is no effective drug to treat CNV. Sunitinib (STB), a small-molecule multiple receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was shown to have an effect on CNV. The purpose of this study was to develop an STB microemulsion (STB-ME) eye drop to inhibit CNV by topical application. Methods: We successfully prepared an STB-ME by the phase inversion emulsification method, and the physicochemical properties of STB-MEs were investigated. The short-term storage stability, cytotoxicity to human corneal epithelial cells, drug release, ocular irritation, ocular pharmacokinetics and the inhibitory effect on CNV were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Results: The optimal formulation of STB-ME is composed of oleic acid, CRH 40, Transcutol P, water and sodium hyaluronate (SH). It is a uniform spherical particle with a mean droplet size of 18.74 ± 0.09 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.196 ± 0.004. In the in vitro drug release results, STB-ME showed sustained release and was best fitted by a Korsmeyer-Peppas model (R 2 = 0.9960). The results of the ocular pharmacokinetics in rabbits showed that the formulation containing SH increased the bioavailability in the cornea (2.47-fold) and conjunctiva (2.14-fold). STB-ME (0.05% and 0.1%), administered topically, suppressed alkali burn-induced CNV in mice more effectively than saline, and high-dose (0.1%) STB-ME had similar efficacy to dexamethasone (0.025%). Conclusion: This study provides a promising formulation of STB-ME for the inhibition of CNV by topical administration, which has the excellent characteristics of effectiveness, sustained release and high ocular bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieran Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haohang Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qing Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ningmin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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Darwish IA, Khalil NY, Alsaif NA, Herqash RN, Sayed AYA, Abdel-Rahman HM. Charge-Transfer Complex of Linifanib with 2,3-dichloro-3,5-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone: Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization, Computational Molecular Modelling and Application in the Development of Novel 96-microwell Spectrophotometric Assay. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:1167-1180. [PMID: 33737805 PMCID: PMC7966300 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s296502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Linifanib (LFB) is a multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma and other types of cancer. The charge-transfer (CT) interaction of LFB is important in studying its receptor binding mechanisms and useful in the development of a reliable CT-based spectrophotometric assay for LFB in its pharmaceutical formulation to assure its therapeutic benefits. Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the CT reaction of LFB with 2,3-dichloro-3,5-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) and its application in the development of a novel 96-microwell spectrophotometric assay for LFB. Methods The reaction was investigated, its conditions were optimized, the physicochemical and constants of the CT complex and stoichiometric ratio of the complex were determined. The solid-state LFB-DDQ complex was synthesized and its structure was analyzed by UV-visible, FT-IR, and 1H-NMR spectroscopic techniques, and also by the computational molecular modeling. The reaction was employed in the development of a novel 96-microwell spectrophotometric assay for LFB. Results The reaction resulted in the formation of a red-colored product, and the spectrophotometric investigations confirmed that the reaction had a CT nature. The molar absorptivity of the complex was linearly correlated with the dielectric constant and polarity index of the solvent; the correlation coefficients were 0.9526 and 0.9459, respectively. The stoichiometric ratio of LFB:DDQ was 1:2. The spectroscopic and computational data confirmed the sites of interaction on the LFB molecule, and accordingly, the reaction mechanism was postulated. The reaction was utilized in the development of the first 96-microwell spectrophotometric assay for LFB. The assay limits of detection and quantitation were 1.31 and 3.96 μg/well, respectively. The assay was successfully applied to the analysis of LFB in its bulk and tablets with high accuracy and precision. Conclusion The assay is simple, rapid, accurate, eco-friendly as it consumes low volumes of organic solvent, and has high analysis throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasr Y Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf A Alsaif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashed N Herqash
- Medicinal Aromatic and Poisonous Plant Research Centre, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Y A Sayed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamdy M Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Banisuef, Egypt
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Khalil NY, Darwish IA, Alanazi M, Hamidaddin MA. Development of 96-microwell Plate Assay with Fluorescence Reader and HPLC Method with Fluorescence Detection for High-throughput Analysis of Linifanib in its Bulk and Dosage Forms. CURR PHARM ANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412917999200925204910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Linifanib (LFB) is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor with antineoplastic activity.
The existing methods for the analysis of LFB in bulk and dosage forms do not meet the requirements
of quality control (QC) analysis.
Objective:
The present study was devoted to the development of two methods with high throughputs
for determination of LFB. These methods are 96-microwell plate assay with microplate fluorescence
reader (MWP-FR) and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection
(HPLC-FD).
Methods:
The MWP-FR assay was carried out in white opaque 96-well assay plates and the native
fluorescence signals of LFB were measured at 360 nm for excitation and 500 nm for emission. In
the HPLC-FD, the chromatographic separation of LFB and quinine sulphate (QS) as internal standard
(IS) was performed on µ-Bondapack CN HPLC column using a mobile phase consisting of
acetonitrile:water (60:40, v/v) pumped at a flow rate of 1 ml/min in an isocratic mode. The fluorescence
detector was set at 350 nm for excitation and 454 nm for emission.
Results:
The linear ranges of the MWP-FR and HPLC-FD were 1-12 µg/well and 10-500 ng/ml, respectively.
The limits of detection were 0.85 µg/well and 8.24 ng/ml for MWP-FR and HPLC-FD,
respectively. Both MWP-FR and HPLC-FL methods were successfully applied for the determination
of LFB in both bulk and tablets.
Conclusion:
Both methods have high analytical throughputs, they are suitable for use in QC laboratories
for analysis of large numbers of LFB samples, and are environmentally friendly as they consume
low volumes of chemicals and solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasr Y. Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A. Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamdouh Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Hamidaddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh11451, Saudi Arabia
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Ezzeldin E, Iqbal M, Herqash RN, ElNahhas T. Simultaneous quantitative determination of seven novel tyrosine kinase inhibitors in plasma by a validated UPLC-MS/MS method and its application to human microsomal metabolic stability study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1136:121851. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Spectrophotometric and molecular modelling studies on in vitro interaction of tyrosine kinase inhibitor linifanib with bovine serum albumin. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176015. [PMID: 28419132 PMCID: PMC5395234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Linifanib (LNF) possess antitumor activity and acts by inhibiting receptor tyrosine kinase VEGF and PDGF. The interaction of BSA with the drug can provide valuable information regarding the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics behavior of drug. In our study the spectrophotometric methods and molecular docking studies were executed to understand the interaction behavior of BSA and LNF. BSA has an intrinsic fluorescence and that fluorescence was quenched by LNF. This quenching process was studied at three different temperatures of 288, 300and 308 K. The interaction between LNF and BSA was due to static quenching because the Ksv (Stern-Volmer constant) at 288 K was higher than at 300 and 308 K. Kq (quenching rate constant) behaved in a similar fashion as the Ksv. Several other parameters like binding constants, number of binding sites and binding energy in addition to molecular docking studies were also used to evaluate the interaction process. A decrease in the binding constants was observed with increasing temperatures and the binding site number approximated unity. The decreasing binding constant indicates LNF–BSA complex stability. The site mark competition experiment confirmed the binding site for LNF was located on site II of BSA. UV–visible studies along with synchronous fluorescence confirm a small change in the conformation of BSA upon interaction with LNF. The thermodynamic analysis provided the values for free energy ΔG0, ΔH0 and ΔS0. The ΔG0 at the 288, 300 and 308 K ranged in between -21.5 to -23.3 kJ mol-1, whereas the calculated values of ΔH (-55.91 kJ mol-1) and ΔS0 (-111.74 J mol-1·K-1). The experimental and molecular docking results suggest that the interaction between LNF and BSA was spontaneous and they exhibited hydrogen bonding and van der Waals force between them.
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Zawaneh AH, Khalil NN, Ibrahim SA, Al-Dafiri WN, Maher HM. Micelle-enhanced direct spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of linifanib: Application to stability studies. LUMINESCENCE 2017; 32:1162-1168. [PMID: 28378538 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A new simple stability-indicating spectrofluorimetric method has been developed and validated for the determination of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, linifanib (LNF). The proposed method makes use of the native fluorescence characteristics of LNF in a micellar system. Compared with aqueous solutions, the fluorescence intensity of LNF was greatly enhanced upon the addition of Tween-80. The relative fluorescence intensity of LNF was measured in a diluting solvent composed of 2% Tween-80: phosphate buffer pH 8.0 (20: 80, v/v) using excitation and emission wavelengths of 290 and 450 nm, respectively. The proposed method was fully validated as per the ICH guidelines. The recorded fluorescence intensity of LNF was rectilinear over a concentration range of 0.3-2 μg/ml with a high correlation coefficient (r = 0.9990) and low limits of detection (0.091 μg/ml) and quantitation (0.275 μg/ml). The applicability of the method was extended to study the inherent stability of LNF under different stress degradation conditions including, alkaline, acidic, oxidative, photolytic and thermal degradation. Moreover, the method was utilized to study the kinetics of the alkaline and oxidative degradation of LNF. The pseudo-first order rate constants and half-lives were calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afnan H Zawaneh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nehal N Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sundus A Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafaa N Al-Dafiri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadir M Maher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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Hu FR, Gao F, Qi XS. Linifanib for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: An overview of clinical trials. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:2568-2573. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i16.2568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Linifanib achieves the antitumor activity by inhibiting all vascular endothelial growth factor receptors and platelet-derived growth factor receptors. We aim to review the findings of clinical trials of linifanib for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Several phase I clinical trials have confirmed the safety of linifanib in patients with solid malignancy. One phase Ⅱ clinical trial has shown the clinical efficacy of linifanib alone for the treatment of HCC. Recently, a phase Ⅲ randomized controlled trial showed that, compared with sorafenib, linifanib cannot significantly improve the overall survival of HCC patients. Thus, linifanib is not recommended as the first-line therapy for advanced HCC. However, because linifanib could significantly prolong the time-to-progression and progression-free survival time and increase the objective response rate, future studies might be necessary to explore the clinical utility of linifanib as a second-line therapy for advanced HCC.
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