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Darwish IA, Khalil NY. Development and Comparative Evaluation of Two Different Label-Free and Sensitive Fluorescence Platforms for Analysis of Olaparib: A Recently FDA-Approved Drug for the Treatment of Ovarian and Breast Cancer. Molecules 2023; 28:6524. [PMID: 37764300 PMCID: PMC10537137 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Olaparib (OLA) is a PARP inhibitor drug which has been recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of ovarian and breast cancer. A convenient analytical tool for the quantitation of OLA in its dosage form and plasma samples was urgently needed. This study describes, for the first time, the development of two different label-free and sensitive fluorescence-based platforms for the pharmaceutical and bioanalysis of OLA. These platforms were microwell-assisted with a fluorescence microplate reader (MW-FLR) and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FD). Both MW-FLR and HPLC-FD employed the native fluorescence of OLA as an analytical signal. The MW-FLR involved measuring the fluorescence signals in 96-well white-opaque plates. The HPLC-FD involved chromatographic separation of OLA and duvelisib (DUV), as an internal standard on a Nucleosil-CN HPLC column (250 mm length × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 µm particle diameter) with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile: water (25:75, v/v) pumped at a flow rate of 1.7 mL/min. Elution of OLA and DUV was detected using a fluorescence detector. The optimal conditions of both MW-FLR and HPLC-FD were established, and they were validated according to the guidelines of the International Council for Harmonization for the validation of analytical procedures. The linear ranges of MW-FLR and HPLC-FD were 25-1000 and 5-200 ng/mL, respectively, with limits of detection of 15 and 1.7 ng/mL, respectively. The accuracy and precision of both platforms were confirmed as the recovery values were ≥98.2% and the relative standard deviations (RSD) were ≤2.89%. Both methodologies were satisfactorily applied to the quantitation of OLA in its commercial dosage form (Lynparza® tablets) and plasma samples with high accuracy and precision. The greenness of both MW-FLR and HPLC-FD was assessed using two different multiple parameter-based metric tools, and the results proved their greenness and adherence to the requirements of green analytical approaches. Both platforms have simple procedures and acceptable levels of analytical throughput. In conclusion, the proposed MW-FLR and HPLC-FD are valuable tools for routine use in quality control and clinical laboratories for the quantitation of OLA for the purposes of pharmaceutical quality control, pharmacokinetic studies, and bioequivalence testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A. Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Darwish IA, Khalil NY, Darwish HW, Alzoman NZ, Al-Hossaini AM. Synthesis, spectroscopic and computational characterization of charge transfer complex of remdesivir with chloranilic acid: Application to development of novel 96-microwell spectrophotometric assay. J Mol Struct 2022; 1263:133104. [PMID: 35465174 PMCID: PMC9013485 DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Remdesivir (REM) is an adenosine triphosphate analog antiviral drug that has received authorization from European Commission and approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). This study, describes, for the first time, the synthesis of a novel charge transfer complex (CTC) between REM, as electron donor, with chloranilic acid (CLA), as π electron acceptor. The CTC was characterized using different spectroscopic and thermogravimetric techniques. UV-visible spectroscopy ascertained the formation of the CTC in methanol via formation of a new broad absorption band with maximum absorption peak (λmax) at 530 nm. The molar absorptivity (ε) of the complex was 3.33 × 103 L mol-1 cm-1 and its band gap energy was 1.91 eV. The stoichiometric ratio of REM:CLA was found to be 1:1. The association constant of the complex was 1.11 × 109 L mol-1, and its standard free energy was 5.16 × 104 J mole-1. Computational calculation for atomic charges of energy minimized REM was conducted, the site of interaction on REM molecule was assigned and the mechanism of the reaction was postulated. The solid-state CTC was further characterized by FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopic techniques. Both FT-IR and 1H NMR confirmed the formation of the CTC and its structure. The reaction was adopted as a basis for developing a novel 96-microwell spectrophotometric method (MW-SPA) for REM. The assay limits of detection and quantitation were 3.57 and 10.83 µg/well, respectively. The assay was validated, and all validation parameters were acceptable. The assay was implemented successfully with great precision and accuracy to the determination of REM in its bulk form and pharmaceutical formulation (injection). This assay is simple, economic, and more importantly, has high throughput property. Therefore, the assay can be valuable for routine in quality control laboratories for analysis of REM's bulk form and pharmaceutical injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasr Y Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany W Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Nourah Z Alzoman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Al-Hossaini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Vinpocetine (VIN) is a herbal supplement extracted from the periwinkle plant. It is a multi-action agent, which is used to treat various neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Vinpocetine has also anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant property and treats various thinking and memory problems. Currently, vinpocetine is also available in the market as a dietary supplement to enhance cognition and memory. This profile explains the physicochemical properties, methods of preparation, content of related impurities and different spectroscopical behavior of vinpocetine. It also discusses the reported methods of analysis of the drug, which include Compendial Methods, Electrochemical Methods, Spectrophotometric Methods and Chromatographic Methods of analysis. Furthermore, this profile explains the stability of the drug subjected to stress conditions of acid, alkaline and photolytic degradation. In addition, the clinical applications of the drug, its uses, side effects, dosing information, pharmacokinetics and mechanism of action are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasr Y Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed H Bakheit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Hamad M Alkahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki Al-Muhanna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Darwish IA, Almehizia AA, Sayed AY, Khalil NY, Alzoman NZ, Darwish HW. Synthesis, spectroscopic and computational studies on hydrogen bonded charge transfer complex of duvelisib with chloranilic acid: Application to development of novel 96-microwell spectrophotometric assay. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2022; 264:120287. [PMID: 34455386 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Duvelisib (DUV) is a is a small-molecule with inhibitory action for phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). It has been recently approved for the effective treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). Novel charge transfer complex (CTC) between DUV, as electron donor, with chloranilic acid (CLA), as π electron acceptor has been synthesized and characterized using different spectroscopic and thermogravimetric techniques. UV-visible spectroscopy ascertained the formation of the CTC in different solvents of varying polarity indexes and dielectric constants via formation of new broad absorption band with maximum absorption peak (λmax) in the range of 488-532 nm. The molar absorptivity of the CTC was dependent on the polarity index and dielectric constant of the solvent; the correlation coefficients were 0.9955 and 0.9749, respectively. The stoichiometric ratio of DUV:CLA was 1:1. Electronic spectral analysis was conducted for characterization of the complex in terms of its electronic constants. Computational calculation for atomic charges of energy minimized DUV was conducted and the site of interaction on DUV molecule was assigned. The solid-state CTC of DUV:CLA (1:1) was synthesized, and its structure was characterized by UV-visible, mass, FT-IR, and 1H NMR spectroscopic techniques. Both FT-IR and 1H NMR confirmed that both CT and hydrogen bonding contributed to the molecular composition of the complex. The reaction was adopted as a basis for developing a novel 96-microwell spectrophotometric assay (MW-SPA) for DUV. The assay limits of detection and quantitation were 0.57 and 1.72 µg/well, respectively. The assay was validated and all validation parameters were acceptable. The method was implemented successfully with great precision and accuracy to the analysis of the DUV in its bulk and capsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulrahman A Almehizia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Y Sayed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasr Y Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nourah Z Alzoman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany W Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt.
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Sayed AY, Khalil NY, Almomen A, Alzoman NZ, Almehizia AA, Darwish IA. A Highly Sensitive Nonextraction-Assisted HPLC Method with Fluorescence Detection for Quantification of Duvelisib in Plasma Samples and its Application to Pharmacokinetic Study in Rats. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:2667-2677. [PMID: 34188446 PMCID: PMC8232391 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s318714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Background Duvelisib (DUV) is a new oral phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-δ and PI3K-γ inhibitor. It has been recently granted an accelerated approval for treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). It is also effective in therapy of T-cell lymphoma, solid tumors, and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. In literature, there is no method valid for quantitation of DUV in human plasma for its therapeutic monitoring and pharmacokinetic studies. Purpose The purpose of this study is the establishment of a highly sensitive HPLC method with fluorescence detection for quantitation of DUV in plasma for its therapeutic monitoring and pharmacokinetic studies of DUV. Methods The resolution of DUV and the internal standard (IS) olaparib (OLA) was achieved on Nucleosil CN column, with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile:water (25:75, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.7 mL min–1. The fluorescence of both DUV and OLA was detected at 410 nm after excitation at 280 nm. The method was validated according to the guidelines of bioanalytical method validation. Results The method was linear in the range of 5–100 ng mL–1, and its limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 2.12 ng mL–1 and 7 ng mL–1, respectively. The precisions of the method were ≤ 8.26%, and its accuracies were ≥ 95.32%. All the other validation parameters were satisfactory. The proposed method was successfully employed to the investigation of the pharmacokinetic profile of DUV in rats following a 25 mg/kg single dose of oral administration. Conclusion The method is characterized with high sensitivity, accuracy, simple sample pretreatment, rapidity, eco-friendly as it consumes low volumes of organic solvent in the mobile phase and has high analysis throughput as its run time was short (~ 10 min).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Y Sayed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasr Y Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aliyah Almomen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nourah Z Alzoman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A Almehizia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Darwish IA, Khalil NY, Darwish HW, Alzoman NZ, Al-Hossaini AM. Spectrophotometric and computational investigations of charge transfer complexes of chloranilic acid with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and application to development of novel universal 96-microwell assay for their determination in pharmaceutical formulations. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2021; 252:119482. [PMID: 33571740 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are chemotherapeutic drugs used for targeted therapy of various types of cancer. In literature, there is no existing universal chromogenic reagent used for development of spectrophotometric assay for all TKIs regardless the diversity of their chemical structures. This work discusses, for the first time, the experimental and computational evaluation of chloranilic acid (CLA) as a universal chromogenic reagent for developing a novel 96-microwell spectrophotometric assay (MW-SPA) for TKIs. The reaction of CLA with seven TKIs was examined in different organic solvents of various dielectric constants and polarity indexes. The reaction resulted in an instantaneous formation of intensely purple coloured products with all the investigated TKIs. Spectrophotometric investigations confirmed that the reactions proceeded via the formation of charge-transfer complexes (CTC). The physical parameters (molar absorptivity, molar ratio, association constant and standard free energy) were determined for the CTC of all TKIs. Computational calculations for the relative electron densities on each atom of the TKI molecule and molecular modelling for the CTC were conducted, and the site(s) of interaction on each TKI molecule were determined. Under the optimized conditions, Beer's law correlating the absorbances of the CTC with the concentrations of TKIs were obeyed in the range of 5-500 µg/well with good correlation coefficients (0.9991-0.9998). The limits of detection and quantitation were in the ranges of 1.89-5.09 and 5.74-15.42 µg/well, respectively. The proposed MW-SPA showed high precisions as the values of the relative standard deviations did not exceed 2.01 and 2.45% for the intra- and inter-assay precision, respectively. The accuracy of MW-SPA was proved by recovery studies as the recovery values were in the range of 98.8-103.7%. The proposed MW-SPA was successfully applied for the determination of all TKIs in their bulk forms and pharmaceutical formulations (tablets) with good accuracy and precisions. The proposed MW-SPA is the first assay that can analyse all the TKIs on a single assay system without modifications in the detection wavelength. Additional advantages of the proposed MW-SPA are simple, economic, and more importantly have high throughput. Therefore, the assay can be helpful and beneficial for routine analysis of TKIs in their pharmaceutical formulations in quality control laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nasr Y Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany W Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Nourah Z Alzoman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Al-Hossaini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Darwish IA, Khalil NY, Alsaif NA, Herqash RN, Sayed AYA, Abdel-Rahman HM. Charge-Transfer Complex of Linifanib with 2,3-dichloro-3,5-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone: Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization, Computational Molecular Modelling and Application in the Development of Novel 96-microwell Spectrophotometric Assay. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:1167-1180. [PMID: 33737805 PMCID: PMC7966300 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s296502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Linifanib (LFB) is a multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma and other types of cancer. The charge-transfer (CT) interaction of LFB is important in studying its receptor binding mechanisms and useful in the development of a reliable CT-based spectrophotometric assay for LFB in its pharmaceutical formulation to assure its therapeutic benefits. Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the CT reaction of LFB with 2,3-dichloro-3,5-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) and its application in the development of a novel 96-microwell spectrophotometric assay for LFB. Methods The reaction was investigated, its conditions were optimized, the physicochemical and constants of the CT complex and stoichiometric ratio of the complex were determined. The solid-state LFB-DDQ complex was synthesized and its structure was analyzed by UV-visible, FT-IR, and 1H-NMR spectroscopic techniques, and also by the computational molecular modeling. The reaction was employed in the development of a novel 96-microwell spectrophotometric assay for LFB. Results The reaction resulted in the formation of a red-colored product, and the spectrophotometric investigations confirmed that the reaction had a CT nature. The molar absorptivity of the complex was linearly correlated with the dielectric constant and polarity index of the solvent; the correlation coefficients were 0.9526 and 0.9459, respectively. The stoichiometric ratio of LFB:DDQ was 1:2. The spectroscopic and computational data confirmed the sites of interaction on the LFB molecule, and accordingly, the reaction mechanism was postulated. The reaction was utilized in the development of the first 96-microwell spectrophotometric assay for LFB. The assay limits of detection and quantitation were 1.31 and 3.96 μg/well, respectively. The assay was successfully applied to the analysis of LFB in its bulk and tablets with high accuracy and precision. Conclusion The assay is simple, rapid, accurate, eco-friendly as it consumes low volumes of organic solvent, and has high analysis throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasr Y Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf A Alsaif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashed N Herqash
- Medicinal Aromatic and Poisonous Plant Research Centre, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Y A Sayed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamdy M Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Banisuef, Egypt
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Iqbal M, Ullah Z, Ezzeldin E, Khalil NY, Al-Shakliah NS, Alrasheed A, Ahmad I, Albehlal L. A simple and sensitive HILIC-based UHPLC-MS/MS method for quantifying of rivaroxaban in dried blood spots: Application in comparison with the plasma sample method. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 198:114023. [PMID: 33744464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Rivaroxaban, indicated for the treatment of atrial fibrillation, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and coronary or peripheral artery disease, is one of the most frequently used direct oral anticoagulants. Therapeutic drug monitoring [TDM] is essential to minimize bleeding and thrombosis during personalized rivaroxaban treatment. An efficient and reliable analytical technique is required to quatify the rivaroxaban during its therapeutic indication. Dried blood spots (DBSs) sampling is a convenient bioanalytical method with minimal invasive blood drawing, long-term stability, and low shipment and storage costs. Therfore, DBS sampling technique is growing rapidly for TDM of drugs in medical care. This study developed an ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method of quantitating rivaroxaban in DBSs samples using the isotopic labeled analog (rivaroxaban-d4) as an internal standard (IS). Rivaroxaban and IS were separated on an Acquity HILIC column and eluted with a mobile-phase composition of acetonitrile and 20 mM ammonium acetate in the ratio of 95:5 at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The precursor-to-product ion transitions of 436.03 ˃ 144.9 for rivaroxaban and 440.04 ˃ 144.9 for IS were used to quantify in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The method was accurate and precise in the 2.06-1000 ng/mL calibration range without hematocrit and blood spot volume effects. Rivaroxaban was stable in DBSs samples under different anticipated storage and temperature conditions. We observed good correlation between the plasma concentration and the DBSs concentration, indicating that the proposed DBSs method is suitable for monitoring the rivaroxaban concentration using a simple and convenient sample collection procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzaffar Iqbal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box No. 2457, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Bioavailability Unit, Central Lab, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box No. 2457, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Zabih Ullah
- Scientific Research Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacy, College of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Buraydah Colleges, Alqassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essam Ezzeldin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box No. 2457, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Bioavailability Unit, Central Lab, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box No. 2457, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasr Y Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box No. 2457, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser S Al-Shakliah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box No. 2457, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ishtiaque Ahmad
- Scientific Research Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luluh Albehlal
- Scientific Research Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Darwish IA, Darwish HW, Khalil NY, Sayed AYA. Experimental and Computational Evaluation of Chloranilic Acid as an Universal Chromogenic Reagent for the Development of a Novel 96-Microwell Spectrophotometric Assay for Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Molecules 2021; 26:744. [PMID: 33572664 PMCID: PMC7866968 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are chemotherapeutic drugs used for the targeted therapy of various types of cancer. This work discusses the experimental and computational evaluation of chloranilic acid (CLA) as a universal chromogenic reagent for developing a novel 96-microwell spectrophotometric assay (MW-SPA) for TKIs. The reaction resulted in an instantaneous formation of intensely purple colored products with TKIs. Spectrophotometric results confirmed that the reactions proceeded via the formation of charge-transfer complexes (CTCs). The physical parameters were determined for the CTCs of all TKIs. Computational calculations and molecular modelling for the CTCs were conducted, and the site(s) of interaction on each TKI molecule were determined. Under the optimized conditions, Beer's law correlating the absorbances of the CTCs with the concentrations of TKIs were obeyed in the range of 10-500 µg/well with good correlation coefficients (0.9993-0.9998). The proposed MW-SPA fully validated and successfully applied for the determination of all TKIs in their bulk forms and pharmaceutical formulations (tablets). The proposed MW-SPA is the first assay that can analyze all the TKIs on a single assay system without modifications in the detection wavelength. The advantages of the proposed MW-SPA are simple, economic and, more importantly, have high throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A. Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.W.D.); (N.Y.K.); (A.Y.A.S.)
| | - Hany W. Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.W.D.); (N.Y.K.); (A.Y.A.S.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Nasr Y. Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.W.D.); (N.Y.K.); (A.Y.A.S.)
| | - Ahmed Y. A. Sayed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.W.D.); (N.Y.K.); (A.Y.A.S.)
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Khalil NY, Darwish IA, Alanazi M, Hamidaddin MA. Development of 96-microwell Plate Assay with Fluorescence Reader and HPLC Method with Fluorescence Detection for High-throughput Analysis of Linifanib in its Bulk and Dosage Forms. CURR PHARM ANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412917999200925204910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Linifanib (LFB) is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor with antineoplastic activity.
The existing methods for the analysis of LFB in bulk and dosage forms do not meet the requirements
of quality control (QC) analysis.
Objective:
The present study was devoted to the development of two methods with high throughputs
for determination of LFB. These methods are 96-microwell plate assay with microplate fluorescence
reader (MWP-FR) and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection
(HPLC-FD).
Methods:
The MWP-FR assay was carried out in white opaque 96-well assay plates and the native
fluorescence signals of LFB were measured at 360 nm for excitation and 500 nm for emission. In
the HPLC-FD, the chromatographic separation of LFB and quinine sulphate (QS) as internal standard
(IS) was performed on µ-Bondapack CN HPLC column using a mobile phase consisting of
acetonitrile:water (60:40, v/v) pumped at a flow rate of 1 ml/min in an isocratic mode. The fluorescence
detector was set at 350 nm for excitation and 454 nm for emission.
Results:
The linear ranges of the MWP-FR and HPLC-FD were 1-12 µg/well and 10-500 ng/ml, respectively.
The limits of detection were 0.85 µg/well and 8.24 ng/ml for MWP-FR and HPLC-FD,
respectively. Both MWP-FR and HPLC-FL methods were successfully applied for the determination
of LFB in both bulk and tablets.
Conclusion:
Both methods have high analytical throughputs, they are suitable for use in QC laboratories
for analysis of large numbers of LFB samples, and are environmentally friendly as they consume
low volumes of chemicals and solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasr Y. Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A. Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamdouh Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Hamidaddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh11451, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Darwish IA, Khalil NY, AlZeer M. ICH/FDA Guidelines-Compliant Validated Stability-Indicating HPLC-UV Method for the Determination of Axitinib in Bulk and Dosage Forms. CURR ANAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411016999200802024151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Axitinib (AXT) is a member of the new generation of the kinase inhibitor
indicated for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma. Its therapeutic benefits depend on assuring
the good-quality of its dosage forms in terms of content and stability of the pharmaceutically active
ingredient.
Objective:
This study was devoted to the development of a simple, sensitive and accurate stabilityindicating
high-performance liquid chromatographic method with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV)
for the determination of AXT in its bulk and dosage forms.
Methods:
Waters HPLC system was used. The chromatographic separation of AXT, internal standard
(olaparib), and degradation products were performed on the Nucleosil CN column (250 × 4.6
mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase consisted of water:acetonitrile:methanol (40:40:20, v/v/v) with a flow
rate of 1 ml/min, and the UV detector was set at 225 nm. AXT was subjected to different accelerated
stress conditions and the degradation products, when any, were completely resolved from the intact
AXT.
Results:
The method was linear (r = 0.9998) in the concentration range of 5-50 μg/ml. The limits of
detection and quantitation were 0.85 and 2.57 μg/ml, respectively. The accuracy of the method,
measured as recovery, was in the range of 98.0-103.6% with relative standard deviations in the range
of 0.06-3.43%. The results of stability testing revealed that AXT was mostly stable in neutral and oxidative
conditions; however, it was unstable in alkaline and acidic conditions. The kinetics of degradation
were studied, and the kinetic rate constants were determined. The proposed method was successfully
applied for the determination of AXT in bulk drug and dosage forms.
Conclusions:
A stability-indicating HPLC-UV method was developed and validated for assessing
AXT stability in its bulk and dosage forms. The method met the regulatory requirements of the International
Conference on Harmonization (ICH) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The results
demonstrated that the method would have great value when applied in quality control and stability
studies for AXT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A. Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasr Y. Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad AlZeer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Anwer MK, Mohammad M, Khalil NY, Imam F, Ansari MJ, Aldawsari MF, Shakeel F, Iqbal M. Solubility, thermodynamics and molecular interaction studies of delafloxacin in environmental friendly ionic liquids. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.112854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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13
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Alam P, Iqbal M, Ezzeldin E, Khalil NY, Foudah AI, Alqarni MH, Shakeel F. Simple and Accurate HPTLC-Densitometric Method for Quantification of Delafloxacin (A Novel Fluoroquinolone Antibiotic) in Plasma Samples: Application to Pharmacokinetic Study in Rats. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E134. [PMID: 32210014 PMCID: PMC7175235 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9030134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Delafloxacin (DLX) is a recently-approved fluoroquinolone antibiotic, which is recommended for the treatment of "acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections". A thorough literature survey revealed only a single published method for the estimation of DLX using UPLC-MS/MS technique in biological samples. There is no high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method has been reported for the estimation of DLX in dosage forms and/or biological samples. Therefore, a selective, sensitive, rapid and validated HPTLC-densitometry technique has been used for the estimation of DLX in human plasma for the first time. HPTLC quantification of DLX and internal standard (IS; gatifloxacin) was carried out on glass coated silica gel 60 F254 HPTLC plates using the ternary mixture of ethyl acetate:methanol:ammonia solution 5:4:2 (%, v/v/v) as the mobile phase. Densitometric detection was done at 344 nm. The Rf values were recorded as 0.43 and 0.27 for the DLX and the IS, respectively. The linearity range of DLX was obtained as 16-400 ng/band. A simple protein precipitation method was used for the extraction of analyte from plasma using methanol. The proposed HPTLC technique was validated for "linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness". The proposed HPTLC technique was successfully utilized for the assessment of pharmacokinetic profile of DLX in rats after oral administration. After oral administration, the peak plasma concentration of DLX was obtained as 194.19 ng/ml in 1 h. The proposed HPTLC method could be applied in study of pharmacokinetic profile and therapeutic drug monitoring of DLX in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prawez Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (P.A.); (A.I.F.); (M.H.A.)
| | - Muzaffar Iqbal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (E.E.); (N.Y.K.)
- Bioavailability Unit, Central Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essam Ezzeldin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (E.E.); (N.Y.K.)
- Bioavailability Unit, Central Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasr Y. Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (E.E.); (N.Y.K.)
| | - Ahmed I. Foudah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (P.A.); (A.I.F.); (M.H.A.)
| | - Mohammed H. Alqarni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (P.A.); (A.I.F.); (M.H.A.)
| | - Faiyaz Shakeel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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14
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Abstract
Meloxicam, an oxicam derivative: 4-Hydroxy-2-methyl-N-(5-methyl-2-thiazolyl)-2H-1,2- benzothiazine-3-carboxamide 1,1-dioxide, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It is a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). It is used in the management of rheumatoid arthritis, acute exacerbations of osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis. It is given in a single oral dose of 7.5mg, increased if necessary to a maximum of 15mg daily (7.5mg in the elderly). It may also be given by rectal suppository in doses similar to those used orally. The reported side effects of meloxicam are similar to those of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as abdominal pain, anemia, and edema. There is also an increased risk of serious gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events, including ulceration and bleeding. This profile is prepared to discuss and explain physical characteristics, Proprietary and nonproprietary names of meloxicam. It also includes methods of preparation, thermal and spectral behavior, methods of analysis, pharmacokinetics, metabolism, excretion and pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasr Y Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid F Aldosari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Abstract
Isotretinoin is chemically named as: (2Z, 4E, 6E, 8E)-3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid. It is an orally active retinoic acid derivative for the treatment of severe refractory nodulocystic acne. It acts primarily by reducing sebaceous gland size and sebum production, and as a result alters skin surface lipid composition. Using isotretinoin for 1-2mg/kg/day for 3-4 months produces 60%-95% clearance of inflammatory lesions in patients with acne. Doses as low as 0.1mg/kg/day have also proven successful in the clearance of lesions. Encouraging results have also been seen in small numbers of patients with rosacea, Side effects affecting the mucocutaneous system and raised serum triglyceride levels occur in most patients receiving isotretinoin. Isotretinoin is strictly contraindicated in women of childbearing potential. This profile discusses and explains names of isotretinoin, its physical and chemical characteristics. It also includes methods of preparation, thermal and spectral behavior, methods of analysis, and pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasr Y Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Abdulmohsen A Al-Qahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Darwish IA, Al-Majed AA, Mahmoud AM, Khalil NY. New Nonextractive and Highly Sensitive High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for Determination of Paroxetine in Plasma After Offline Precolumn Derivatization with 7-Chloro-4-Nitrobenzo-2-Oxa-1,3-Diazole. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/92.5.1349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
New nonextractive and simple offline precolumn derivatization procedures have been proposed, for the first time, for the trace determination of paroxetine (PXT) in human plasma by HPLC with fluorescence detection. Trimetazidine (TMZ) was used as an internal standard. Plasma samples were treated with acetonitrile for protein precipitation and then derivatized with 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole in borate buffer of pH 8 at 70C for 30 min. Separations of the derivatized PXT and TMZ were performed on a Nucleosil CN column using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile10 mM sodium acetate buffer (pH 3.5)methanol (47 + 47 + 6, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The derivatized samples were excited at 470 nm and monitored at an emission wavelength of 530 nm. Under the optimum chromatographic conditions, a linear relationship with good correlation coefficient (r 0.9998, n 7) was found between the peak area ratio and PXT concentrations in the range of 5600 ng/mL. The LOD and LOQ were 1.37 and 4.14 ng/mL, respectively. The intraday and interassay precisions were satisfactory; the RSD did not exceed 4.2. The accuracy of the method was proved by recovery of PXT from spiked human plasma at levels of 97.28104.38 0.413.62. The proposed method had high throughput, as the analysis involved a simple sample pretreatment procedure and short run time (<10 min). The results demonstrated that the method would have a great value when it is applied in the therapeutic monitoring of PXT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A Darwish
- King Saud University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A Al-Majed
- King Saud University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf M Mahmoud
- King Saud University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasr Y Khalil
- King Saud University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Darwish IA, Mahmoud AM, Khalil NY. Nonextractive Procedure and Precolumn Derivatization with 7-Chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole for Trace Determination of Trimetazidine in Plasma by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/91.5.1037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A highly sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method with fluorescence detection has been developed and validated in a single laboratory for the trace determination of trimetazidine (TMZ) in human plasma. Fluoxetine (FLX) was used as the internal standard. TMZ and FLX were isolated from plasma by protein precipitation with acetonitrile and derivatized by heating with 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole in pH 8 borate buffer at 70C for 30 min. Separations were performed in the isocratic mode on a Nucleosil CN column with the mobile phase acetonitrile10 mM sodium acetate buffer (pH 3.5)methanol (47 + 47 + 6, v/v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The derivatized samples were excited at 470 nm and monitored at an emission wavelength of 530 nm. Under the optimum chromatographic conditions, a linear relationship with a good correlation coefficient (r 0.9997, n 5) was obtained for the peak area ratio of TMZ to FLX and for TMZ concentrations of 1120 ng/mL. The proposed method has the lowest limits of detection and quantitation reported to date for the determination of TMZ in plasma with values of 0.3 and 0.95 ng/mL, respectively. The values for intra- and interassay precision were satisfactory; the relative standard deviations were 4.04. The accuracy of the method was demonstrated; the recoveries of TMZ from spiked human plasma were 98.13102.83 0.24.04. The method has high throughput because of its simple sample preparation procedure and short run time (<10 min). The results demonstrated that the proposed method would have great value when applied in pharmacokinetic studies for TMZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A Darwish
- King Saud University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf M Mahmoud
- King Saud University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasr Y Khalil
- King Saud University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Al-Majed AA, Belal F, Khalil NY, Ibrahim KEE. Kinetic Spectrophotometric Determination of Josamycin in Formulations and Spiked Human Plasma Using 3-Methylbenzothiazolin-2-one Hydrazone/Fe+3 System. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/87.2.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A simple kinetic spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of josamycin in its dosage forms and spiked human plasma. The method is based on reaction of the drug with 3-methylbenzothiazolin-2-one hydrazone/ferric chloride system for a fixed time of 20 min at 70°C and measuring the produced color at 665 nm. The absorbance-concentration plot is rectilinear over the range of 5.0–30.0 μg/mL with detection limit of 1.0 μg/mL (1.2 × 10−6M). The determination of josamycin by the fixed concentration and the rate-constant methods is also feasible with the calibration equations obtained, but the fixed-time method proved to be more applicable. The procedure was successfully applied to commercial tablets. The results obtained were favorably compared with those given by reference methods. The method was further extended to the in vitro determination of josamycin in spiked human plasma. The recovery (n = 8) was 100.76 ± 3.43%. The stoichiometry of the reaction between the drug and the reagent was studied by adopting the limiting logarithmic method, and a proposal of the reaction pathway was presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman A Al-Majed
- King Saud University, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, PO Box 2457, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fathalla Belal
- King Saud University, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, PO Box 2457, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasr Y Khalil
- King Saud University, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, PO Box 2457, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamal E E Ibrahim
- University of Khartoum, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, PO Box 1996, Khartoum, Sudan
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19
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Abstract
Abstract
A simple kinetic spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of josamycin in its dosage forms. The method is based on oxidation of the drug with alkaline potassium permanganate at room temperature for a fixed time of 20 min and measuring the produced green color at 611 nm. The absorbance–concentration plot is rectilinear over the range of 2–10 μg/mL (2.4 × 106–1.2 × 10−5M) with minimum detectability of 1.0 μg/mL (1.2 × 10−6M). The determination of josamycin by fixed concentration and the rate-constant methods is also feasible with the calibration equations obtained, but the fixed-time method proved to be more applicable. The procedure was applied successfully to commercial tablets, and statistical analysis showed that the results compared favorably with those obtained by reference methods. The effect of sensitizers and surfactants on the performance of the proposed method was also studied. A proposal of the reaction pathway was presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman A Al-Majed
- King Saud University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, PO Box 2457, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fathalla Belal
- King Saud University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, PO Box 2457, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamal E E Ibrahim
- University of Khartoum, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, PO Box 1996, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Nasr Y Khalil
- King Saud University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, PO Box 2457, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Hassan EM, Belal F, Al-Deeb OA, Khalil NY. Spectrofluorimetric Determination of Vigabatrin and Gabapentin in Dosage Forms and Spiked Plasma Samples Through Derivatization with 4-Chloro-7-Nitrobenzo-2-Oxa-1,3-Diazole. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/84.4.1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A highly sensitive and specific method is proposed for the determination of vigabatrin (I) and gabapentin (II) in their dosage forms and spiked human plasma. The method is based on coupling the drugs with 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole in borate buffer at pH 7.1 and measuring the resulting fluorescence at 532 nm after excitation at 465 nm. The fluorescence intensity was a linear function of the concentration of the drugs over the ranges of 1.3–6.5 and 1.7–8.5 μg/mL for I and II, respectively. Minimum detectability values were 0.54 μg/mL (4.2 × 10−6M) and 0.97 μg/mL (5.7 × 10−6M) for I and II, respectively, under the described conditions. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of the 2 drugs in their dosage forms, and the percent recoveries ± standard deviation (SD) were 104.53 ± 1.2 and 100.00 ± 1.32 of the label claim for I and II, respectively. The method was further applied to the determination of vigabatrin in spiked plasma samples. The percent recovery ± SD was 101.58 ± 2.68. Interference from endogenous α-amino acids was overcome through selective complexation with freshly prepared Cu(OH)2. The interference likely to be encountered from co-administered drugs, such as carbamazepine, cimetidine, clonazepam, clopazam, phenobarbital, valproic acid, and lamotrigine, was also studied. A reaction pathway is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekram M Hassan
- King Saud University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, PO Box 2457, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fathalla Belal
- King Saud University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, PO Box 2457, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar A Al-Deeb
- King Saud University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, PO Box 2457, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasr Y Khalil
- King Saud University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, PO Box 2457, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Iqbal M, Khalil NY, Ezzeldin E, Al-Rashood KA. Simultaneous Detection and Quantification of Three Novel Prescription Drugs of Abuse (Suvorexant, Lorcaserin and Brivaracetam) in Human Plasma by UPLC-MS-MS. J Anal Toxicol 2019; 43:203-211. [PMID: 30295849 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bky078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Suvorexant (SVR), lorcaserin (LCR) and brivaracetam (BVR) have been recently approved for the treatment of insomnia, obesity and epilepsy, respectively. Despite their clinical uses, these drugs have some abuse potential and have been enlisted under the schedule IV (SVR, LVR) and schedule V (BVR) categories of the Controlled Substances Act. A sensitive UPLC-MS-MS assay was developed for simultaneously determining SVR, LCR and BVR in human plasma. The liquid-liquid extraction method, using tert-butyl methyl ether as an extracting solvent, was used for sample preparation. Chromatographic separation was performed by using the Acquity BEH C18 column, using 10 mM ammonium acetate/acetonitrile/formic acid (15/85/0.1%; v/v/v) as the mobile phase. For sample ionization, electrospray ionization was used in the positive-ion mode. The multiple-reaction monitoring mode was used for detecting and quantifying analytes by using separate precursor-to-product ion transitions. The assay was validated following the SWGTOX guidelines, and all validation results were within the acceptable limits. The calibration curves of the analytes in the plasma were found to be linear, and the coefficient of determination (R2) was ≥ 0.992 for all the three analytes. The limit of detection values for SVR, LCR and BVR were 0.08, 0.11 and 0.26 ng/mL, respectively, whereas the limit of quantification values were 0.16, 0.27 and 0.65 ng/mL, respectively. The assay developed in this study is suitable for the identification and quantification of SVR, LCR and BVR in the forensic laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzaffar Iqbal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Bioavailability Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasr Y Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essam Ezzeldin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Bioavailability Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Al-Rashood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Iqbal M, Ezzeldin E, Khalil NY, Alam P, Al-Rashood KA. UPLC-MS/MS determination of suvorexant in urine by a simplified dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction followed by ultrasound assisted back extraction from solidified floating organic droplets. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 164:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abstract
Topiramate, 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-β-d-fructopyranose sulfamate, is a potent antiepileptic drug with a broad spectrum of activity. It is effective in both partial and generalized seizures. Topiramate was also found to have significant efficacy in migraine prevention with considerable reductions in the frequency of migraine headaches. The most common adverse events, which may accompany the use of topiramate, are paresthesia, fatigue, decreased appetite, nausea, diarrhea, weight decrease and taste perversion. The weight loss observed with the use of topiramate in obese, epileptic patients, afforded the approval of this drug as an anti-obesity medication. This action is thought to be based on the selective inhibition of mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase isoforms. This profile is prepared to discuss and explain physical characteristics, proprietary and nonproprietary names of topiramate. It also includes methods of preparation, thermal and spectral behavior and methods of analysis. Pharmacokinetics, metabolism, excretion and pharmacology together with its uses and applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasr Y Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haitham K AlRabiah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad S Al Rashoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Bari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanveer A Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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24
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Abstract
Clenbuterol (Broncodil and trade) is a direct-acting sympathomimetic agent with mainly beta-adrenergic activity and a selective action on β2 receptors (a β2 agonist). It has properties similar to those of salbutamol. It is used as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airways obstruction, as in asthma and in certain patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The uses, applications, and the synthetic pathways of this drug are outlined. Physical characteristics including: ionization constant, solubility, X-ray powder diffraction pattern, thermal methods of analysis, UV spectrum, IR spectrum, mass spectrum are all produced. This profile also includes the monograph of British Pharmacopoeia, together with several reported analytical methods including spectrophotometric, electrochemical, chromatographic, immunochemical methods, and capillary electrophoretic methods. The stability, the pharmacokinetic behavior, and the pharmacology of the drug are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nasr Y Khalil
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Iqbal M, Ezzeldin E, Khalil NY, Al-Rashood STA, Al-Rashood KA. Simple and Highly Sensitive UPLC-ESI-MS/MS Assay for Rapid Determination of Suvorexant in Plasma. J Anal Toxicol 2017; 41:114-120. [PMID: 28376227 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkw111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Suvorexant is a dual orexin receptor antagonist, recently approved by USFDA for the treatment of insomnia. It is drug-of-abuse and listed in Schedule IV drug of the Controlled Substances Act. In this study, a simple and highly sensitive UPLC-MS/MS assay was developed and fully validated for the determination of suvorexant in rat plasma. Both suvorexant and internal standard (rivaroxaban; IS) were separated on Aquity BEHTM C18 column after the extraction form plasma using diethyl ether as extracting agent. An isocratic mobile phase, consisting of acetonitrile and 10 mM ammonium acetate in composition ratio of 85:15 was eluted at flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. Both suvorexant and IS were eluted within one min with total run time of 1.5 min only. The ionization was performed on electrospray ionization interface in positive mode by multiple reaction monitoring. Precursor to product ion transition of 451.12 > 104.01 for qualifier and 451.12 > 186.04 for quantifier were used for suvorexant whereas 436.10 > 144.93 for IS, respectively. The calibration curves in plasma were linear in the concentration range of 0.33-200 ng/mL (r2 ≥ 0.995) having limit of detection and limit of quantification of 0.10 and 0.33 ng/mL, respectively. All the validation parameters results were found to be within the acceptable limits according to the "Scientific Working Group for Forensic Toxicology (SWGTOX) guidelines" and can be implemented for forensic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzaffar Iqbal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Bioavailability Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Essam Ezzeldin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Bioavailability Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasr Y Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara T A Al-Rashood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Al-Rashood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Khalil NY, Darwish IA, Alshammari MF, Wani TA. ICH guidelines-compliant HPLC-UV method for pharmaceutical quality control and therapeutic drug monitoring of the multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor pazopanib. S Afr j chem 2017. [DOI: 10.17159/0379-4350/2017/v70a9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Khalil NY, Wani TA, Darwish IA, Assiri IS. Charge-Transfer Reaction of Cediranib with 2,3-Dichloro- 3,5-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone: Spectrophotometric Investigation and Use in Development of Microwell Assay for Cediranib. TROP J PHARM RES 2015. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v14i9.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the charge-transfer (CT) reaction between cediranib (CRB) and 2, 3 - dichloro-5, 6- dicyano -1, 4 - benzoquinone (DDQ) and employment of the reaction as a basis for the development of a novel 96 - microwell spectrophotometric assay for CRB.Method: The reaction of CRB and DDQ was investigated in different solvents of varying dielectric constant and polarity index The reaction resulted in the formation of a red-colored product. Spectrophotometric investigations confirmed that the reaction proceeded through to the formation of a (CT) complex.Results: The molar absorptivity of the CT complex was linearly correlated with the dielectric constant and polarity index of the solvent; the correlation coefficients were 0.801 and 0.858, respectively. The association constant of the complex was 0.5 × 103 L mol−1 in 2-propanol. The reaction conditions were optimized for the development of the microwell assay for CRB. The assay limits of detection and quantitation were 6.8 and 20.6 μg/well, respectively. The assay was validated as per the guidelines of the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) and successfully applied to the analysis of CRB in its bulk and dosage forms with good accuracy and precision.Conclusion: The developed assay has high throughput and consumed minimum volume of organic solvent; thus, it reduces the exposure of the analysts to the toxic effects of organic solvents, and should significantly lower the analysis cost.Keywords: Cediranib, 2,3-dichloro-3,5-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone, Charge-transfer reaction, Spectrophotometry, Microwell assay, High throughput analysis.
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Abstract
Rivaroxaban is a novel, selective and potent oral direct factor Xa inhibitor, therapeutically indicated in the treatment of thromboembolic diseases. Like traditional anticoagulants, routine coagulation monitoring of rivaroxaban is not necessary, but important in some clinical circumstances. In this study, a sensitive UHPLC-MS/MS assay for rapid determination of rivaroxaban in human plasma was developed and validated. Rivaroxaban and its internal standard (IS) were extracted from plasma using acetonitrile as protein precipitating agent. An isocratic mobile phase of acetonitrile: 10 mM ammonium acetate (80:20, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min was used for the separation of rivaroxaban and IS. Both rivaroxaban and IS was eluted within 1 min with a total run time of 1.5 min only. Electrospray ionization source in positive mode was used for the detections of rivaroxaban and IS. Precursor to product ion transition of m/z 436.00 > 144.87 for rivaroxaban and m/z 411.18 > 191.07 for IS were used in multiple reaction monitoring mode. Developed assay was fully validated in terms of selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery, matrix effects and stability using official guideline on bioanalytical method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzaffar Iqbal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO BOX 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia,
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Abstract
Losartan (Cozaar™) is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist with antihypertensive activity. It is used in the management of hypertension and heart failure. Nomenclature, formulae, elemental analysis, and appearance of the drug are included in this review. The uses, applications, and the variety of synthetic pathways of this drug are outlined. Physical characteristics including: ionization constant, solubility, X-ray powder diffraction pattern, thermal methods of analysis, UV spectrum, IR spectrum, mass spectrum with fragmentation patterns, and NMR (1H and 13C) spectra of losartan together with the corresponding figures and/or tables are all produced. This profile also includes the monograph of British Pharmacopoeia, together with several reported analytical methods including: spectrophotometric, electrochemical, chromatographic, and capillary electrophoretic methods. The stability, the pharmacokinetic behavior and the pharmacology of the drug are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Rahman A Al-Majed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ebrahim Assiri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasr Y Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem A Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Darwish IA, Alshehri JM, Alzoman NZ, Khalil NY, Abdel-Rahman HM. Charge-transfer reaction of 1,4-benzoquinone with crizotinib: spectrophotometric study, computational molecular modeling and use in development of microwell assay for crizotinib. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2014; 131:347-354. [PMID: 24835938 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.04.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ) with crizotinib (CZT); a novel drug used for treatment of non-small cell lung cancer) was investigated in different solvents of varying dielectric constants and polarity indexes. The reaction resulted in the formation of a red-colored product. Spectrophotometric investigations confirmed that the reaction proceeded through charge-transfer (CT) complex formation. The molar absorptivity of the complex was found to be linearly correlated with the dielectric constant and polarity index of the solvent; the correlation coefficients were 0.9425 and 0.8340, respectively. The stoichiometric ratio of BQ:CZT was found to be 2:1 and the association constant of the complex was found to be 0.26×10(3)lmol(-1). The kinetics of the reaction was studied; the order of the reaction, rate and rate constant were determined. Computational molecular modeling for the complex between BQ and CZT was conducted, the sites of interaction on CZT molecule were determined, and the mechanism of the reaction was postulated. The reaction was employed as a basis in the development of a novel 96-microwell assay for CZT. The assay limits of detection and quantitation were 5.2 and 15.6μgml(-1), respectively. The assay was validated as per the guidelines of the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) and successfully applied to the analysis of CZT in its bulk and capsules with good accuracy and precision. The assay has high throughput and consumes minimum volume of organic solvent thus it reduces the exposures of the analysts to the toxic effects of organic solvents, and significantly reduces the analysis cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jamilah M Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Women Student-Medical Studies & Sciences Sections, King Saud University, P.O. Box 11495, Riyadh 22452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nourah Z Alzoman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Women Student-Medical Studies & Sciences Sections, King Saud University, P.O. Box 11495, Riyadh 22452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasr Y Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamdy M Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
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Darwish HW, Abdelhameed AS, Attia MI, Bakheit AH, Khalil NY, Al-Majed AA. A Stability-Indicating HPLC-DAD Method for Determination of Stiripentol: Development, Validation, Kinetics, Structure Elucidation and Application to Commercial Dosage Form. J Anal Methods Chem 2014; 2014:638951. [PMID: 25371844 PMCID: PMC4211168 DOI: 10.1155/2014/638951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A rapid, simple, sensitive, and accurate isocratic reversed-phase stability-indicating high performance liquid chromatography method has been developed and validated for the determination of stiripentol and its degradation product in its bulk form and pharmaceutical dosage form. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Symmetry C18 column and quantification was achieved using photodiode array detector (DAD). The method was validated in accordance with the ICH requirements showing specificity, linearity (r (2) = 0.9996, range of 1-25 μg/mL), precision (relative standard deviation lower than 2%), accuracy (mean recovery 100.08 ± 1.73), limits of detection and quantitation (LOD = 0.024 and LOQ = 0.081 μg/mL), and robustness. Stiripentol was subjected to various stress conditions and it has shown marked stability under alkaline hydrolytic stress conditions, thermal, oxidative, and photolytic conditions. Stiripentol degraded only under acidic conditions, forming a single degradation product which was well resolved from the pure drug with significantly different retention time values. This degradation product was characterized by (1)H-NMR and (13)C-NMR spectroscopy as well as ion trap mass spectrometry. The results demonstrated that the method would have a great value when applied in quality control and stability studies for stiripentol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany W. Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Ali S. Abdelhameed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed I. Attia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H. Bakheit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasr Y. Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A. Al-Majed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Iqbal M, Ezzeldin E, Wani TA, Khalil NY. Simple, sensitive and rapid determination of linifanib (ABT-869), a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor in rat plasma by UHPLC-MS/MS. Chem Cent J 2014; 8:13. [PMID: 24533632 PMCID: PMC3932137 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-8-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Linifanib (ABT-869) is an orally active receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which simultaneously inhibits vascular endothelial and platelet derived growth factor receptor. The aim of the present study was to develop an UHPLC-MS/MS method for the quantification of linifanib in rat plasma to support the pharmacokinetic and toxicokinetic studies. RESULTS Linifanib was separated on Acquity UPLC BEH™ C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, i.d. 1.7 μm) using acetonitrile-10 mM ammonium acetate (60:40, v/v) as an isocratic mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min with sunitinib as internal standard (IS). Detection was performed on tandem mass spectrometer using electrospray ionization source in positive mode by multiple reaction monitoring. The monitored transitions were set at m/z 376.05 > 250.97 for linifanib and m/z 399.12 >283.02 for IS, respectively. Both linifanib and IS were eluted at 0.68 and 0.44 min, respectively with a total run time of 2.0 min only. The calibration curve was found to be linear over the concentration range of 0.40-500 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day precision value was ≤10.6% and the accuracy ranged from 90.9-108.9%. In addition, all the validation results were within general assay acceptability criteria according to guidelines of bio-analytical method validation. CONCLUSION A selective and sensitive UHPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the determination of linifanib in rat plasma for the first time. The developed method is simple, sensitive and rapid in terms of chromatographic separation and sample preparation and was successfully applied in a pilot pharmacokinetic study in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzaffar Iqbal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Bioavailability Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essam Ezzeldin
- Bioavailability Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanveer A Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasr Y Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Iqbal M, Alam A, Wani TA, Khalil NY. Simultaneous determination of reserpine, rescinnamine, and yohimbine in human plasma by ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Anal Methods Chem 2013; 2013:940861. [PMID: 24383039 PMCID: PMC3870115 DOI: 10.1155/2013/940861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive and selective UPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the determination of three indolic alkaloids (reserpine, rescinnamine, and yohimbine) in human plasma using papaverine as internal standard (IS). After a one step protein precipitation with acetonitrile, separation was carried out using C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, i.d. 1.7 μ m) and mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile : water : formic acid (60 : 40 : 0.1%, v/v/v) pumped at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The mass spectrometric determination was carried out using an electrospray interface operated in the positive mode with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The precursor to product ion transitions of m/z 609.32 > 195.01, m/z 635.34 > 221.03, m/z 355.19 > 144, and m/z 340.15 > 202.02 were selected for the quantification of reserpine, rescinnamine, yohimbine, and IS, respectively. The analytical response was found to be linear in the range of 0.36-400, 0.27-300, and 0.23-250 ng/mL with lower limit of quantification of 0.36, 0.27, and 0.23 ng/mL for reserpine, rescinnamine, and yohimbine, respectively. Validation was made following official guidelines. The proposed method enabled reproducible results and hence could be reliable for pharmacokinetic and toxicological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzaffar Iqbal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Bioavailability Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Salman Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanveer A. Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasr Y. Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Khalil NY, Darwish IA, Wani TA, Al-Majed ARA. Trace determination of lenalidomide in plasma by non-extractive HPLC procedures with fluorescence detection after pre-column derivatization with fluorescamine. Chem Cent J 2013; 7:52. [PMID: 23497635 PMCID: PMC3618069 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-7-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lenalidomide (LND) is a new potent drug used for treatment of multiple myeloma. For its pharmacokinetic studies and therapeutic monitoring, a proper analytical method was required. RESULTS In this study, a non extractive and simple pre-column derivatization procedures have been proposed, for the for trace determination of lenalidomide (LND) in human plasma by HPLC with fluorescence detection. Plasma samples were treated with acetonitrile for protein precipitation then treated with copper acetate to form stable complexes with the biogenic amines and mask their interference with the derivatization reaction of LND. Treated plasma samples containing LND was derivatized with fluorescamine (FLC) in aqueous media at ambient temperature. Separation of the derivatized LND was performed on Hypersil BDS C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm particle size) using a mobile phase consisting of phosphate buffer (pH 4):methanol: tetrahydrofuran (70:10:20, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The derivatized samples were monitored at an emission wavelength of 495 nm after excitation at a wavelength of 382 nm. Under the optimum chromatographic conditions, a linear relationship with good correlation coefficient (r = 0.9997, n = 9) was found between the peak area and LND concentrations in the range of 2-100 ng/mL. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.8 and 2.30 ng/mL, respectively. The intra- and inter-assay precisions were satisfactory and the accuracy of the method was proved. The recovery of LND from the spiked human plasma was 99.30 ± 2.88. CONCLUSIONS The proposed method had high throughput as the analysis involved simple sample pre-treatment procedure and a relatively short run-time (< 15 min). The results demonstrated that the method would have a great value when it is applied in the therapeutic monitoring and pharmacokinetic studies for LND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasr Y Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P,O, Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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A. Wani T, A. Darwish I, Y. Khalil N. Novel Microwell-Based Spectrophotometric Assay for the Determination of Rosuvastatin Calcium in its Pharmaceutical Formulations. CURR PHARM ANAL 2013. [DOI: 10.2174/157341213804806061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Iqbal M, Wani TA, Khalil NY, Darwish IA. Development and validation of ultra-performance liquid chromatographic method with tandem mass spectrometry for determination of lenalidomide in rabbit and human plasma. Chem Cent J 2013; 7:7. [PMID: 23316845 PMCID: PMC3608328 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-7-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lenalidomide (LND) is a potent novel thalidomide analog which demonstrated remarkable clinical activity in treatment of multiple myeloma disease via a multiple-pathways mechanism. Validated sensitive method with high throughput is required for the determination of lenalidomide for pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetic studies. Ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) is a preeminent analytical tool for rapid biomedical analysis. RESULTS A simple, highly sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the determination of LND in rabbit and human plasma. After a simple protein precipitation using methanol, LND and carbamazepine (IS) were separated on Acquity UPLC BEH™ C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, i.d. 1.7 μm, Waters, USA) using a mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile:water:formic acid (65:35:0.1%, v/v/v) pumped at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. LND and IS were eluted at 0.71 and 1.92 min, respectively. The mass spectrometric determination was carried out using an electrospray interface operated in the positive mode with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The precursor to product ion transitions of m/z 260.1 > 149.0 and m/z 237.0 > 179.0 were used to quantify LND and IS, respectively. The method was linear in the concentration range of 0.23-1000 ng/mL with a limit of quantitation of 0.23 ng/mL. All the validation parameters were in the ranges acceptable by the guidelines of analytical method validation. CONCLUSION The proposed UPLC-MS/MS method is simple, rapid and highly sensitive, and hence it could be reliable for pharmacokinetic and toxicokinetic study in both animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzaffar Iqbal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanveer A Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasr Y Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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A. Wani T, A. Darwish I, Y. Khalil N. Novel Microwell-Based Spectrophotometric Assay for the Determination of Rosuvastatin Calcium in its Pharmaceutical Formulations. CURR PHARM ANAL 2013. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412911309010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Wani TA, Ahmad A, Zargar S, Khalil NY, Darwish IA. Use of response surface methodology for development of new microwell-based spectrophotometric method for determination of atrovastatin calcium in tablets. Chem Cent J 2012; 6:134. [PMID: 23146143 PMCID: PMC3505740 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-6-134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Response surface methodology by Box-Behnken design employing the multivariate approach enables substantial improvement in the method development using fewer experiments, without wastage of large volumes of organic solvents, which leads to high analysis cost. This methodology has not been employed for development of a method for analysis of atorvastatin calcium (ATR-Ca). RESULTS The present research study describes the use of in optimization and validation of a new microwell-based UV-Visible spectrophotometric method of for determination of ATR-Ca in its tablets. By the use of quadratic regression analysis, equations were developed to describe the behavior of the response as simultaneous functions of the selected independent variables. Accordingly, the optimum conditions were determined which included concentration of 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ), time of reaction and temperature. The absorbance of the colored-CT complex was measured at 460 nm by microwell-plate absorbance reader. The method was validated, in accordance with ICH guidelines for accuracy, precision, selectivity and linearity (r² = 0.9993) over the concentration range of 20-200 μg/ml. The assay was successfully applied to the analysis of ATR-Ca in its pharmaceutical dosage forms with good accuracy and precision. CONCLUSION The assay described herein has great practical value in the routine analysis of ATR-Ca in quality control laboratories, as it has high throughput property, consumes minimum volume of organic solvent thus it offers the reduction in the exposures of the analysts to the toxic effects of organic solvents, environmentally friendly "Green" approach) and reduction in the analysis cost by 50-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer A Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P,O, Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Darwish IA, Khalil NY, Bakheit AH, Alzoman NZ. A highly sensitive fluorimetric method for determination of lenalidomide in its bulk form and capsules via derivatization with fluorescamine. Chem Cent J 2012; 6:118. [PMID: 23068782 PMCID: PMC3537752 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-6-118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Lenalidomide (LND) is a potent novel thalidomide analog which demonstrated remarkable clinical activity in treatment of multiple myeloma disease via a multiple-pathways mechanism. The strong evidences-based clinical success of LND in patients has led to its recent approval by US-FDA under the trade name of Revlimid® capsules by Celgene Corporation. Fluorimetry is a convenient technique for pharmaceutical quality control, however there was a fluorimetric method for determination of LND in its bulk and capsules. RESULTS A novel highly sensitive and simple fluorimetric method has been developed and validated for the determination of lenalidmide (LND) in its bulk and dosage forms (capsules). The method was based on nucleophilic substitution reaction of LND with fluorescamine (FLC) in aqueous medium to form a highly fluorescent derivative that was measured at 494 nm after excitation at 381 nm. The factors affecting the reaction were carefully studied and optimized. The kinetics of the reaction was investigated, and the reaction mechanism was postulated. Under the optimized conditions, linear relationship with good correlation coefficient (0.9999) was found between the fluorescence intensity and LND concentration in the range of 25-300 ng/mL. The limits of detection and quantitation for the method were 2.9 and 8.7 ng/mL, respectively. The precision of the method was satisfactory; the values of relative standard deviations did not exceed 1.4%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of LND in its bulk form and pharmaceutical capsules with good accuracy; the recovery values were 97.8-101.4 ± 1.08-2.75%. CONCLUSIONS The proposed method is selective and involved simple procedures. In conclusion, the method is practical and valuable for routine application in quality control laboratories for determination of LND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University,, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasr Y Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University,, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H Bakheit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University,, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nourh Z Alzoman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University,, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Darwish IA, Wani TA, Khalil NY, Al-Shaikh AA, Al-Morshadi N. Development of a novel 96-microwell assay with high throughput for determination of olmesartan medoxomil in its tablets. Chem Cent J 2012; 6:1. [PMID: 22214530 PMCID: PMC3275517 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-6-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel 96-microwell-based spectrophotometric assay has been developed and validated for determination of olmesartan medoxomil (OLM) in tablets. The formation of a colored charge-transfer (CT) complex between OLM as a n-electron donor and 2, 5-dichloro-3, 6-dihydroxy-1, 4-benzoquinone (p-chloranilic acid, pCA) as a π-electron acceptor was investigated, for the first time, and employed as a basis in the development of the proposed assay. The proposed assay was carried out in 96-microwell plates. The absorbance of the colored-CT complex was measured at 490 nm by microwell-plate absorbance reader. The optimum conditions of the reaction and the analytical procedures of the assay were established. Under the optimum conditions, linear relationship with good correlation coefficient was found between the absorbance and the concentration of OLM in the range of 1-200 μg ml-1. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.3 and 1 μg ml-1, respectively. No interference was observed from the additives that are present in the pharmaceutical formulation or from hydrochlorothiazide and amlodipine that are co-formulated with OLM in some formulations. The assay was successfully applied to the analysis of OLM in tablets with good accuracy and precision. The assay described herein has great practical value in the routine analysis of OLM in quality control laboratories, as it has high throughput property, consumes minimum volume of organic solvent thus it offers the reduction in the exposures of the analysts to the toxic effects of organic solvents, and reduction in the analysis cost by 50-fold. Although the proposed assay was validated for OLM, however, the same methodology could be used for any electron-donating analyte for which a CT reaction can be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P,O, Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Khalil NY, Wani TA, Abunassif MA, Darwish IA. SENSITIVE HPLC METHOD WITH FLUORESCENCE DETECTION AND ON-LINE WAVELENGTH SWITCHING FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF VALSARTAN AND AMLODIPINE IN HUMAN PLASMA. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.593069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nasr Y. Khalil
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanveer A. Wani
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Abunassif
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A. Darwish
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
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Wani TA, Khalil NY, Abdel-Rahman HM, Darwish IA. Novel microwell-based spectrophotometric assay for determination of atorvastatin calcium in its pharmaceutical formulations. Chem Cent J 2011; 5:57. [PMID: 21982201 PMCID: PMC3212923 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-5-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of a colored charge-transfer (CT) complex between atorvastatin calcium (ATR-Ca) as a n-electron donor and 2, 3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) as a π-electron acceptor was investigated, for the first time. The spectral characteristics of the CT complex have been described, and the reaction mechanism has been proved by computational molecular modeling. The reaction was employed in the development of a novel microwell-based spectrophotometric assay for determination of ATR-Ca in its pharmaceutical formulations. The proposed assay was carried out in 96-microwell plates. The absorbance of the colored-CT complex was measured at 460 nm by microwell-plate absorbance reader. The optimum conditions of the reaction and the analytical procedures of the assay were established. Under the optimum conditions, linear relationship with good correlation coefficient (0.9995) was found between the absorbance and the concentration of ATR-Ca in the range of 10-150 μg/well. The limits of detection and quantitation were 5.3 and 15.8 μg/well, respectively. No interference was observed from the additives that are present in the pharmaceutical formulation or from the drugs that are co-formulated with ATR-Ca in its combined formulations. The assay was successfully applied to the analysis of ATR-Ca in its pharmaceutical dosage forms with good accuracy and precision. The assay described herein has great practical value in the routine analysis of ATR-Ca in quality control laboratories, as it has high throughput property, consumes minimum volume of organic solvent thus it offers the reduction in the exposures of the analysts to the toxic effects of organic solvents, and reduction in the analysis cost by 50-fold. Although the proposed assay was validated for ATR-Ca, however, the same methodology could be used for any electron-donating analyte for which a CT reaction can be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer A Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P,O, Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Khalil NY, Mahmoud AM, Darwish IA, Al-Majed ARA. Highly Sensitive LC Method with Automated Co-Sense System and Fluorescence Detection for Determination of Sertraline in Human Plasma. Chromatographia 2010. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-010-1560-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Mahmoud AM, Darwish IA, Khalil NY. Fluorometric study for the reaction between sertraline and 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole: kinetics, mechanism and application for the determination of sertraline in tablets. J Fluoresc 2010; 20:607-13. [PMID: 20101448 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-009-0595-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2009] [Accepted: 12/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A fluorometric study has been carried out, for the first time, to investigate the reaction of the new generation antidepressant sertraline (SRT) with 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD-Cl). In an alkaline buffered medium (pH 8.0), a green fluorescent product exhibiting maximum fluorescence intensity at 532 nm after excitation at 470 nm was produced. The factors affecting the reaction were carefully studied and the conditions were optimized. The kinetics of the reaction was investigated, the stoichiometry of the reaction was determined, and the mechanism was postulated. The activation energy of the reaction was determined and found to be 27.34 KJ mole(-1). Under the optimum reaction conditions, a linear relationship with good correlation coefficient (r = 0.9998, n = 6) was found between the fluorescence intensity of the reaction product and SRT concentrations in the range of 0.3-20.0 microg ml(-1). The limit of detection and limit of quantitation were 0.07 and 0.21 microg ml(-1), respectively. The intra- and inter-assay precisions were satisfactory; the relative standard deviations did not exceed 2.61%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of SRT in its pharmaceutical tablets with good accuracy; the recovery percentages were 96.97-102.23 +/- 1.01-1.62%. The results were compared favorably with those of the reported method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf M Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71256, Egypt
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Darwish IA, Al-Majed AA, Mahmoud AM, Khalil NY. New nonextractive and highly sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of paroxetine in plasma after offline precolumn derivatization with 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole. J AOAC Int 2009; 92:1349-1355. [PMID: 19916372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
New nonextractive and simple offline precolumn derivatization procedures have been proposed, for the first time, for the trace determination of paroxetine (PXT) in human plasma by HPLC with fluorescence detection. Trimetazidine (TMZ) was used as an internal standard. Plasma samples were treated with acetonitrile for protein precipitation and then derivatized with 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole in borate buffer of pH 8 at 70 degrees C for 30 min. Separations of the derivatized PXT and TMZ were performed on a Nucleosil CN column using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-10 mM sodium acetate buffer (pH 3.5)-methanol (47 + 47 + 6, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The derivatized samples were excited at 470 nm and monitored at an emission wavelength of 530 nm. Under the optimum chromatographic conditions, a linear relationship with good correlation coefficient (r = 0.9998, n = 7) was found between the peak area ratio and PXT concentrations in the range of 5-600 ng/mL. The LOD and LOQ were 1.37 and 4.14 ng/mL, respectively. The intraday and interassay precisions were satisfactory; the RSD did not exceed 4.2%. The accuracy of the method was proved by recovery of PXT from spiked human plasma at levels of 97.28-104.38 +/- 0.41-3.62%. The proposed method had high throughput, as the analysis involved a simple sample pretreatment procedure and short run time (< 10 min). The results demonstrated that the method would have a great value when it is applied in the therapeutic monitoring of PXT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A Darwish
- King Saud University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Darwish IA, Mahmoud AM, Aboul-Fadl T, Al-Majed ARA, Khalil NY. A highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay for evaluation of 2'-deoxycytidine plasma level as a prognostic marker for breast cancer chemotherapy. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 632:266-71. [PMID: 19110103 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2008] [Revised: 11/04/2008] [Accepted: 11/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive competitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) has been developed and validated for the determination of the plasma level of 2'-deoxycytidine (dCyd), the potential prognostic marker for breast cancer chemotherapy. This assay employed a monoclonal antibody that recognizes dCyd with a high specificity, and 5'-succinyl-dCyd (5'sdCyd) conjugate of bovine serum albumin (5'sdCyd-BSA) immobilized onto microplate wells as a solid phase. The assay involved a competitive binding reaction between dCyd, in plasma sample, and the immobilized 5'sdCyd-BSA for the binding sites of the anti-dCyd antibody. The bound antibody was quantified with horseradish peroxidase-labeled anti-immunoglobulin second antibody and 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine as a peroxidase substrate. The concentration of dCyd in the sample was quantified by its ability to inhibit the binding of the antibody to the immobilized 5'sdCyd-BSA and subsequently the color formation in the assay. The assay limit of detection was 8 nM and the effective working range at relative standard deviations (R.S.D.s) of <or=10% was 20-800 nM. No cross-reactivity from the structurally related nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides was observed in the proposed assay. Mean analytical recovery of added dCyd was 98-100+/-3.2-8.2%. The precision of the assay was satisfactory; R.S.D. was 3.4-4.2 and 4.3-8.9% for intra- and inter-assay precision, respectively. The proposed EIA was compared favorably with HPLC method in its ability to accurately measure dCyd spiked into plasma samples. The analytical procedure is convenient, and one can analyze 200 samples per working day, facilitating the processing of large-number batch of samples. The proposed EIA is expected to contribute in further evaluation of dCyd as a prognostic marker for breast cancer chemotherapy and elucidation of the role of dCyd in various biological and biochemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Darwish IA, Mahmoud AM, Khalil NY. Nonextractive procedure and precolumn derivatization with 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole for trace determination of trimetazidine in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J AOAC Int 2008; 91:1037-1044. [PMID: 18980116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A highly sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method with fluorescence detection has been developed and validated in a single laboratory for the trace determination of trimetazidine (TMZ) in human plasma. Fluoxetine (FLX) was used as the internal standard. TMZ and FLX were isolated from plasma by protein precipitation with acetonitrile and derivatized by heating with 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole in pH 8 borate buffer at 70 degrees C for 30 min. Separations were performed in the isocratic mode on a Nucleosil CN column with the mobile phase acetonitrile-10 mM sodium acetate buffer (pH 3.5)-methanol (47 + 47 + 6, v/v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The derivatized samples were excited at 470 nm and monitored at an emission wavelength of 530 nm. Under the optimum chromatographic conditions, a linear relationship with a good correlation coefficient (r = 0.9997, n = 5) was obtained for the peak area ratio of TMZ to FLX and for TMZ concentrations of 1-120 ng/mL. The proposed method has the lowest limits of detection and quantitation reported to date for the determination of TMZ in plasma with values of 0.3 and 0.95 ng/mL, respectively. The values for intra- and interassay precision were satisfactory; the relative standard deviations were < or =4.04%. The accuracy of the method was demonstrated; the recoveries of TMZ from spiked human plasma were 98.13-102.83 +/- 0.2-4.04%. The method has high throughput because of its simple sample preparation procedure and short run time (<10 min). The results demonstrated that the proposed method would have great value when applied in pharmacokinetic studies for TMZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A Darwish
- King Saud University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Alsarra I, Khalil NY, Sultan M, Al-Ashban R, Belal F. Spectrofluorometric determination of montelukast in dosage forms and spiked human plasma. Pharmazie 2005; 60:823-6. [PMID: 16320943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The native fluorescence of montelukast has been studied under different experimental conditions. The highest fluorescence intensity was obtained in methanol at 390 nm using 340 nm for excitation. Surfactants and sensitizers had either a negative or a slightly positive effect on its fluorescence intensity. The fluorescence intensity-concentration plot was rectilinear over the range 0.125 to 5 microg/ml with a lower detection limit of 0.02 microg/ml (3.4 x 10(-8) M). Interference likely to be introduced from co-formulated drugs (such as loratadine) or co-administered drugs (such as verapamil, carbazepam, propranolol) or other common drugs, was studied. The method was successfully applied to the determination of the drug in tablets (pediatric tablets, chewable tablets and adult tablets). The mean % recoveries were in agreement with those provided by the manufacturer. The method was further applied to the in vitro determination of montelukast in spiked human plasma, the mean % recovery (n = 5) was 100.08 +/- 1.40.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Alsarra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Belal F, Al-Majed ARA, Ibrahim KEE, Khalil NY. Anodic polarographic determination of josamycin in formulations and spiked human urine. Farmaco 2004; 59:537-42. [PMID: 15231429 DOI: 10.1016/j.farmac.2004.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2003] [Accepted: 02/25/2004] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The anodic polarographic behaviour of josamycin (a macrolide antibiotic) has been studied using direct current (DC(t)) polarography and differential pulse polarography (DPP). In Britton-Robinson buffers (BRb) josamycin exhibited well-defined anodic polarographic waves in the pH range 2-8. In BRb of pH 6, the diffusion-current constant was 1.62 microA mmol(-1) (n = 6). The current-concentration plots are rectilinear over the range 10-50 and 5-40 microg/ml using the DC(t) and DPP modes, respectively, with a detection limit of 4.83 x 10(-6) M adopting the DPP mode. The method was applied to commercial tablets adopting both DC(t) and DPP modes, the recoveries % were 99.13 +/- 2.22 (n = 10) and 99.82 +/- 1.82 (n = 7), respectively. The method was further extended to the in vitro determination of josamycin in human urine, the recovery % (n = 6) was 100.06 +/- 2.84. The number of electrons involved in the electrode process could be accomplished and a proposal of electrode reaction was presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathalla Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, King Saud University, College of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Al-Majed AA, Belal F, Khalil NY, Ibrahim KEE. Kinetic spectrophotometric determination of josamycin in formulations and spiked human plasma using 3-methylbenzothiazolin-2-one hydrazone/Fe+3 system. J AOAC Int 2004; 87:352-9. [PMID: 15164827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
A simple kinetic spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of josamycin in its dosage forms and spiked human plasma. The method is based on reaction of the drug with 3-methylbenzothiazolin-2-one hydrazone/ferric chloride system for a fixed time of 20 min at 70 degrees C and measuring the produced color at 665 nm. The absorbance-concentration plot is rectilinear over the range of 5.0-30.0 microg/mL with detection limit of 1.0 microg/mL (1.2 x 10(-6) M). The determination of josamycin by the fixed concentration and the rate-constant methods is also feasible with the calibration equations obtained, but the fixed-time method proved to be more applicable. The procedure was successfully applied to commercial tablets. The results obtained were favorably compared with those given by reference methods. The method was further extended to the in vitro determination of josamycin in spiked human plasma. The recovery (n = 8) was 100.76 +/- 3.43%. The stoichiometry of the reaction between the drug and the reagent was studied by adopting the limiting logarithmic method, and a proposal of the reaction pathway was presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman A Al-Majed
- King Saud University, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, PO Box 2457, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
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