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Darwish HW, Darwish IA, Ali AM, Almutairi HS. Charge Transfer Complex of Lorlatinib with Chloranilic Acid: Characterization and Application to the Development of a Novel 96-Microwell Spectrophotometric Assay with High Throughput. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093852. [PMID: 37175262 PMCID: PMC10179897 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lorlatinib (LRL) is the first drug of the third generation of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors used a first-line treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study describes, for the first time, the investigations for the formation of a charge transfer complex (CTC) between LRL, as electron donor, with chloranilic acid (CLA), as a π-electron acceptor. The CTC was characterized by ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectrophotometry and computational calculations. The UV-visible spectrophotometry ascertained the formation of the CTC in methanol via formation of a new broad absorption band with maximum absorption peak (λmax) at 530 nm. The molar absorptivity (ε) of the complex was 0.55 × 103 L mol-1 cm-1 and its band gap energy was 2.3465 eV. The stoichiometric ratio of LRL/CLA was found to be 1:2. The association constant of the complex was 0.40 × 103 L mol-1, and its standard free energy was -0.15 × 102 J mole-1. The computational calculation for the atomic charges of an energy minimized LRL molecule was conducted, the sites of interaction on the LRL molecule were assigned, and the mechanism of the reaction was postulated. The reaction was adopted as a basis for developing a novel 96-microwell spectrophotometric method (MW-SPA) for LRL. The assay limits of detection and quantitation were 2.1 and 6.5 µg/well, respectively. The assay was validated, and all validation parameters were acceptable. The assay was implemented successfully with great precision and accuracy to the determination of LRL in its bulk form and pharmaceutical formulation (tablets). This assay is simple, economic, and more importantly has a high-throughput property. Therefore, the assay can be valuable for routine in quality control laboratories for analysis of LRL's bulk form and pharmaceutical tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany W Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim A Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awadh M Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Halah S Almutairi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Abdelgalil AA, Alkahtani HM. Crizotinib: A comprehensive profile. Profiles of Drug Substances, Excipients and Related Methodology 2023; 48:39-69. [PMID: 37061275 DOI: 10.1016/bs.podrm.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Crizotinib, approved in 2011, was the first approved inhibitor targeting anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) It used for treatment of the patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that is anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) positive. This chapter provides a complete review of crizotinib including nomenclature, physiochemical properties, methods of preparation, identification techniques and various qualitative and quantitative analytical techniques as well as pharmacology of crizotinib. In addition, the chapter also includes review of several methods for separation of crizotinib using chromatographic techniques.
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Darwish IA, Almehizia AA, Sayed AY, Khalil NY, Alzoman NZ, Darwish HW. Synthesis, spectroscopic and computational studies on hydrogen bonded charge transfer complex of duvelisib with chloranilic acid: Application to development of novel 96-microwell spectrophotometric assay. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2022; 264:120287. [PMID: 34455386 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Duvelisib (DUV) is a is a small-molecule with inhibitory action for phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). It has been recently approved for the effective treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). Novel charge transfer complex (CTC) between DUV, as electron donor, with chloranilic acid (CLA), as π electron acceptor has been synthesized and characterized using different spectroscopic and thermogravimetric techniques. UV-visible spectroscopy ascertained the formation of the CTC in different solvents of varying polarity indexes and dielectric constants via formation of new broad absorption band with maximum absorption peak (λmax) in the range of 488-532 nm. The molar absorptivity of the CTC was dependent on the polarity index and dielectric constant of the solvent; the correlation coefficients were 0.9955 and 0.9749, respectively. The stoichiometric ratio of DUV:CLA was 1:1. Electronic spectral analysis was conducted for characterization of the complex in terms of its electronic constants. Computational calculation for atomic charges of energy minimized DUV was conducted and the site of interaction on DUV molecule was assigned. The solid-state CTC of DUV:CLA (1:1) was synthesized, and its structure was characterized by UV-visible, mass, FT-IR, and 1H NMR spectroscopic techniques. Both FT-IR and 1H NMR confirmed that both CT and hydrogen bonding contributed to the molecular composition of the complex. The reaction was adopted as a basis for developing a novel 96-microwell spectrophotometric assay (MW-SPA) for DUV. The assay limits of detection and quantitation were 0.57 and 1.72 µg/well, respectively. The assay was validated and all validation parameters were acceptable. The method was implemented successfully with great precision and accuracy to the analysis of the DUV in its bulk and capsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulrahman A Almehizia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Y Sayed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasr Y Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nourah Z Alzoman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany W Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt.
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Darwish IA, Khalil NY, Alsaif NA, Herqash RN, Sayed AYA, Abdel-Rahman HM. Charge-Transfer Complex of Linifanib with 2,3-dichloro-3,5-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone: Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization, Computational Molecular Modelling and Application in the Development of Novel 96-microwell Spectrophotometric Assay. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:1167-1180. [PMID: 33737805 PMCID: PMC7966300 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s296502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Linifanib (LFB) is a multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma and other types of cancer. The charge-transfer (CT) interaction of LFB is important in studying its receptor binding mechanisms and useful in the development of a reliable CT-based spectrophotometric assay for LFB in its pharmaceutical formulation to assure its therapeutic benefits. Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the CT reaction of LFB with 2,3-dichloro-3,5-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) and its application in the development of a novel 96-microwell spectrophotometric assay for LFB. Methods The reaction was investigated, its conditions were optimized, the physicochemical and constants of the CT complex and stoichiometric ratio of the complex were determined. The solid-state LFB-DDQ complex was synthesized and its structure was analyzed by UV-visible, FT-IR, and 1H-NMR spectroscopic techniques, and also by the computational molecular modeling. The reaction was employed in the development of a novel 96-microwell spectrophotometric assay for LFB. Results The reaction resulted in the formation of a red-colored product, and the spectrophotometric investigations confirmed that the reaction had a CT nature. The molar absorptivity of the complex was linearly correlated with the dielectric constant and polarity index of the solvent; the correlation coefficients were 0.9526 and 0.9459, respectively. The stoichiometric ratio of LFB:DDQ was 1:2. The spectroscopic and computational data confirmed the sites of interaction on the LFB molecule, and accordingly, the reaction mechanism was postulated. The reaction was utilized in the development of the first 96-microwell spectrophotometric assay for LFB. The assay limits of detection and quantitation were 1.31 and 3.96 μg/well, respectively. The assay was successfully applied to the analysis of LFB in its bulk and tablets with high accuracy and precision. Conclusion The assay is simple, rapid, accurate, eco-friendly as it consumes low volumes of organic solvent, and has high analysis throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasr Y Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf A Alsaif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashed N Herqash
- Medicinal Aromatic and Poisonous Plant Research Centre, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Y A Sayed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamdy M Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Banisuef, Egypt
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Adam AMA, Saad HA, Alsuhaibani AM, Refat MS, Hegab MS. Charge-transfer chemistry of azithromycin, the antibiotic used worldwide to treat the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Part II: Complexation with several π-acceptors (PA, CLA, CHL). J Mol Liq 2021; 325:115121. [PMID: 33518854 PMCID: PMC7837197 DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.115121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Finding a vaccine or cure for the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) responsible for the worldwide pandemic and its economic, medical, and psychological burdens is one of the most pressing issues presently facing the global community. One of the current treatment protocols involves the antibiotic azithromycin (AZM) alone or in combination with other compounds. Obtaining additional insight into the charge-transfer (CT) chemistry of this antibiotic could help researchers and clinicians to improve such treatment protocols. Toward this aim, we investigated the CT interactions between AZM and three π-acceptors: picric acid (PA), chloranilic acid (CLA), and chloranil (CHL) in MeOH solvent. AZM formed colored products at a 1:1 stoichiometry with the acceptors through intermolecular hydrogen bonding. An n → π* interaction was also proposed for the AZM-CHL CT product. The synthesized CT products had markedly different morphologies from the free reactants, exhibiting a semi-crystalline structure composed of spherical particles with diameters ranging from 50 to 90 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Majid A Adam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hosam A Saad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amnah M Alsuhaibani
- Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, 4545 - King Khalid Airport Unit No. 1, Riyadh 13415-7132, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moamen S Refat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Hegab
- Deanship of Supportive Studies (D.S.S.), Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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Mohamed ME, Frag EYZ, Hathoot AA, Shalaby EA. Spectrophotometric determination of fenoprofen calcium drug in pure and pharmaceutical preparations. Spectroscopic characterization of the charge transfer solid complexes. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2018; 189:357-365. [PMID: 28830039 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Simple, accurate and robust spectrophotometric method was developed for determination of fenoprofen calcium drug (FPC). The proposed method was based on the charge transfer (CT) reaction of FPC drug (as n-electron donor) with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ), 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (picric acid, PA) or 1,2,5,8-tetrahydroxyanthraquinone (Quinalizarin, QZ) (as π-acceptors) to give highly colored charge transfer complexes. Different variables affecting the reaction such as reagent concentration, temperature and time have been carefully optimized to achieve the highest sensitivity. Beer's law was obeyed over the concentration ranges of 2-60, 0.6-90 and 4-30μgmL-1 using DDQ, PA and QZ CT reagents, respectively, with correlation coefficients of 0.9986, 0.9989 and 0.997 and detection limits of 1.78, 0.48 and 2.6μgmL-1 for the CT reagents in the same order. Elucidation of the chemical structure of the solid CT complexes formed via reaction between the drug under study and π-acceptors was done using elemental, thermal analyses, IR, 1H NMR and mass spectrometry. X-ray diffraction was used to estimate the crystallinity of the CT complexes. Their biological activities were screened against different bacterial and fungal organisms. The method was applied successfully with satisfactory results for the determination of FPC drug in fenoprofen capsules. The method was validated with respect to linearity, limit of detection and quantification, inter- and intra-days precision and accuracy. The proposed method gave comparable results with the official method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa E Mohamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt.
| | - Eman Y Z Frag
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt
| | - Abla A Hathoot
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, El-Menoufia University, Shebin AL-Kom, Egypt
| | - Essam A Shalaby
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, El-Menoufia University, Shebin AL-Kom, Egypt
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Refat MS, Saad HA, Adam AMA, Al-Omar MA, Naglah AM. Charge transfer interaction of organic p-acceptors with the anti-hyperuricemic drug allopurinol: Insights from IR, Raman, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopies. Acta Pharm 2016; 66:533-542. [PMID: 27749247 DOI: 10.1515/acph-2016-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The topic of charge-transfer (CT) complexation of vital drugs has attracted considerable attention in recent years owing to their significant physical and chemical properties. In this study, CT complexes derived from the reaction of the anti-hyperuricemic drug allopurinol (Allop) with organic p-acceptors [(picric acid (PA), dichlorodicyanobenzoquinone (DDQ) and chloranil (CHL)] were prepared, isolated and characterized by a range of physicochemical methods, such as IR, Raman, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The stoichiometry of the complexes was verified by elemental analysis. The results show that all complexes that were formed were based on a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio. This study suggests that the complexation of Allop with either the DDQ or CHL acceptor leads to a direct p®p* transition, whereas the molecules of Allop and PA are linked by intermolecular hydrogen- bonding interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moamen S. Refat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Al-Haweiah, P.O. Box 888, Zip Code 21974, Taif, Saudi Arabia Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Hosam A. Saad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Al-Haweiah, P.O. Box 888, Zip Code 21974, Taif, Saudi Arabia Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Abdel Majid A. Adam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Al-Haweiah, P.O. Box 888, Zip Code 21974, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Al-Omar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Exploration & Development Chair, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Naglah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Exploration & Development Chair, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia Egypt
- Peptide Chemistry Department, Chemical Industries Research Division National Research Centre, 12622-Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Adam AMA, Refat MS. Nanostructured products of the drug theophylline caused by charge transfer interactions and a binary solvent system: Morphology and nanometry. J Mol Liq 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2015.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Adam AMA, Refat MS, Saad HA. Quick and simple formation of different nanosized charge-transfer complexes of the antibiotic drug moxifloxacin: An efficient way to remove and utilize discarded antibiotics. CR CHIM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2015.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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