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Suerink M, Kilinç G, Terlouw D, Hristova H, Sensuk L, van Egmond D, Farina Sarasqueta A, Langers AMJ, van Wezel T, Morreau H, Nielsen M. Prevalence of mismatch repair deficiency and Lynch syndrome in a cohort of unselected small bowel adenocarcinomas. J Clin Pathol 2020; 74:724-729. [PMID: 33046565 PMCID: PMC8543220 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2020-207040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Previous estimates of the prevalence of mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency and Lynch syndrome in small bowel cancer have varied widely. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of MMR deficiency and Lynch syndrome in a large group of small bowel adenocarcinomas. METHODS To this end, a total of 400 small bowel adenocarcinomas (332 resections, 68 biopsies) were collected through the Dutch nationwide registry of histopathology and cytopathology (Pathologisch-Anatomisch Landelijk Geautomatiseerd Archief (PALGA)). No preselection criteria, such as family history, were applied, thus avoiding (ascertainment) bias. MMR deficiency status was determined by immunohistochemical staining of MMR proteins, supplemented by MLH1 promoter hypermethylation analysis and next generation sequencing of the MMR genes. RESULTS MMR deficiency was observed in 22.3% of resected and 4.4% of biopsied small bowel carcinomas. Prevalence of Lynch syndrome was 6.2% in resections and 0.0% in biopsy samples. Patients with Lynch syndrome-associated small bowel cancer were significantly younger at the time of diagnosis than patients with MMR-proficient and sporadic MMR-deficient cancers (mean age of 54.6 years vs 66.6 years and 68.8 years, respectively, p<0.000). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of MMR deficiency and Lynch syndrome in resected small bowel adenocarcinomas is at least comparable to prevalence in colorectal cancers, a finding relevant both for treatment (immunotherapy) and family management. We recommend that all small bowel adenocarcinomas should be screened for MMR deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gül Kilinç
- Clinical Genetics, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Diantha Terlouw
- Clinical Genetics, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Pathology, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lily Sensuk
- Clinical Genetics, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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2
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Non-invasive early detection of cancer four years before conventional diagnosis using a blood test. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3475. [PMID: 32694610 PMCID: PMC7374162 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17316-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Early detection has the potential to reduce cancer mortality, but an effective screening test must demonstrate asymptomatic cancer detection years before conventional diagnosis in a longitudinal study. In the Taizhou Longitudinal Study (TZL), 123,115 healthy subjects provided plasma samples for long-term storage and were then monitored for cancer occurrence. Here we report the preliminary results of PanSeer, a noninvasive blood test based on circulating tumor DNA methylation, on TZL plasma samples from 605 asymptomatic individuals, 191 of whom were later diagnosed with stomach, esophageal, colorectal, lung or liver cancer within four years of blood draw. We also assay plasma samples from an additional 223 cancer patients, plus 200 primary tumor and normal tissues. We show that PanSeer detects five common types of cancer in 88% (95% CI: 80-93%) of post-diagnosis patients with a specificity of 96% (95% CI: 93-98%), We also demonstrate that PanSeer detects cancer in 95% (95% CI: 89-98%) of asymptomatic individuals who were later diagnosed, though future longitudinal studies are required to confirm this result. These results demonstrate that cancer can be non-invasively detected up to four years before current standard of care.
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3
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Alhassan SO, Atawodi SEO. Chemopreventive effect of dietary inclusion with Crassocephalum rubens (Juss ex Jacq) leaf on N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced colorectal carcinogenesis in Wistar rats. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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4
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Xu M, Zhu J, Liu S, Wang C, Shi Q, Kuang Y, Fang X, Hu X. FOXD3, frequently methylated in colorectal cancer, acts as a tumor suppressor and induces tumor cell apoptosis under ER stress via p53. Carcinogenesis 2019; 41:1253-1262. [PMID: 31784734 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Forkhead box D3 (FOXD3), an important member of the forkhead box transcription factor family, has many biological functions. However, the role and signaling pathways of FOXD3 in colorectal cancer (CRC) are still unclear. We examined FOXD3 expression and methylation in normal colon mucosa, CRC cell lines and primary tumors by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, methylation-specific PCR and bisulfite genomic sequencing. We also evaluated its tumor-suppressive function by examining its modulation of apoptosis under endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in CRC cells. The FOXD3 target signal pathway was identified by western blotting, immunofluorescence and chromatin immunoprecipitation. We found that FOXD3 was frequently methylated and silenced in CRC cell lines and was downregulated in CRC tissues compared with paired adjacent non-tumor tissues. Meanwhile, low FOXD3 protein expression was significantly correlated with poor histopathological grading, lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis of patients, indicating its potential as a tumor marker that may be of potential value as a therapeutic target for CRC. Moreover, restoration of FOXD3 expression inhibited the proliferation and migration of tumor cells. FOXD3 also increased mitochondrial apoptosis through the unfolded protein response under ER stress. Furthermore, we found that FOXD3 could bind directly to the promoter of p53 and enhance its expression. Knockdown of p53 impaired the effect of apoptosis induced by FOXD3. In conclusion, we showed for the first time that FOXD3, which is frequently methylated in CRC, acted as a tumor suppressor inducing tumor cell apoptosis under ER stress via p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xu
- Department of General Surgery and Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuiping Liu
- Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chan Wang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinglan Shi
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yeye Kuang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Hu
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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5
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Fukuchi H, Hayashida Y, Inoue K, Sadamura Y. Forkhead box B2 inhibits the malignant characteristics of the pancreatic cancer cell line Panc-1 in vitro. Genes Cells 2019; 24:674-681. [PMID: 31433897 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Forkhead box (FOX) proteins constitute a family of transcription factors that are evolutionarily conserved in various species ranging from yeast to humans. These proteins have functions during development as well as in adulthood. To date, many reports have described the functions of FOX family genes in cancer cells, but the role of FOXB2 is not well understood. In one of the pancreas ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines, Panc-1 cells, we showed here that FOXB2 expression is barely detectable and that CpG islands in the 5' regions of the FOXB2 are highly methylated. These findings led us to hypothesize that FOXB2 acts as a tumor suppressor. To clarify our hypotheses, we investigated the effects of FOXB2 over-expression in Panc-1 cells. We obtained FOXB2 stable transfectants, and these clones exhibited reduced spheroid formation ability. Expression of β-catenin, which is reported to be over-expressed in various cancer cells, was highly suppressed in FOXB2 stable transfectants. Moreover, side population (SP) cell fractions, which have a high tumorigenesis and metastatic potential, as well as anchorage-independent growth ability, were reduced. These results suggest that FOXB2 has the ability to inhibit the malignant characteristics of Panc-1 in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Fukuchi
- Life Science Research Laboratories, FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation, Amagasaki, Japan
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yukinobu Hayashida
- Life Science Research Laboratories, FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation, Amagasaki, Japan
| | - Kunio Inoue
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshifusa Sadamura
- Life Science Research Laboratories, FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation, Amagasaki, Japan
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6
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Liang Y, Zhang C, Dai DQ. Identification of differentially expressed genes regulated by methylation in colon cancer based on bioinformatics analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:3392-3407. [PMID: 31341364 PMCID: PMC6639549 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i26.3392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methylation, acknowledged as a key modification in the field of epigenetics, regulates gene expression at the transcriptional level. Aberrant methylation in DNA regulatory regions could upregulate oncogenes and downregulate tumor suppressor genes without changing the sequences. However, studies of methylation in the control of gene expression are still inadequate. In the present research, we performed bioinformatics analysis to clarify the function of methylation and supply candidate methylation-related biomarkers and drivers for colon cancer.
AIM To identify and analyze methylation-regulated differentially expressed genes (MeDEGs) in colon cancer by bioinformatics analysis.
METHODS We downloaded RNA expression profiles, Illumina Human Methylation 450K BeadChip data, and clinical data of colon cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas project. MeDEGs were identified by analyzing the gene expression and methylation levels using the edgeR and limma package in R software. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed in the DAVID database and KEGG Orthology-Based Annotation System 3.0, respectively. We then conducted Kaplan–Meier survival analysis to explore the relationship between methylation and expression and prognosis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and investigation of protein-protein interactions (PPI) were performed to clarify the function of prognosis-related genes.
RESULTS A total of 5 up-regulated and 81 down-regulated genes were identified as MeDEGs. GO and KEGG pathway analyses indicated that MeDEGs were enriched in multiple cancer-related terms. Furthermore, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that the prognosis was negatively associated with the methylation status of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and reelin (RELN). In PPI networks, GDNF and RELN interact with neural cell adhesion molecule 1. Besides, GDNF can interact with GDNF family receptor alpha (GFRA1), GFRA2, GFRA3, and RET. RELN can interact with RAFAH1B1, disabled homolog 1, very low-density lipoprotein receptor, lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8, and NMDA 2B. Based on GSEA, hypermethylation of GDNF and RELN were both significantly associated with pathways including “RNA degradation,” “ribosome,” “mismatch repair,” “cell cycle” and “base excision repair.”
CONCLUSION Aberrant DNA methylation plays an important role in colon cancer progression. MeDEGs that are associated with the overall survival of patients may be potential targets in tumor diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Dong-Qiu Dai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning Province, China
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7
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Allelic Switching of DLX5, GRB10, and SVOPL during Colorectal Cancer Tumorigenesis. Int J Genomics 2019; 2019:1287671. [PMID: 31093489 PMCID: PMC6481143 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1287671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Allele-specific expression (ASE) is found in approximately 20-30% of human genes. During tumorigenesis, ASE changes due to somatic alterations that change the regulatory landscape. In colorectal cancer (CRC), many chromosomes show frequent gains or losses while homozygosity of chromosome 7 is rare. We hypothesized that genes essential to survival show allele-specific expression (ASE) on both alleles of chromosome 7. Using a panel of 21 recently established low-passage CRC cell lines, we performed ASE analysis by hybridizing DNA and cDNA to Infinium HumanExome-12 v1 BeadChips containing cSNPs in 392 chromosome 7 genes. The results of this initial analysis were extended and validated in a set of 89 paired normal mucosa and CRC samples. We found that 14% of genes showed ASE in one or more cell lines and identified allelic switching of the potential cell survival genes DLX5, GRB10, and SVOPL on chromosome 7, whereby the most abundantly expressed allele in the normal tissue is the lowest expressed allele in the tumor and vice versa. We established that this allelic switch does not result from loss of imprinting. The allelic switching of SVOPL may be a result of transcriptional downregulation, while the exact mechanisms resulting in the allelic switching of DLX5 and GRB10 remain to be elucidated. In conclusion, our results show that profound changes take place in allelic transcriptional regulation during the tumorigenesis of CRC.
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8
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Boot A, van Eendenburg J, Crobach S, Ruano D, Speetjens F, Calame J, Oosting J, Morreau H, van Wezel T. Characterization of novel low passage primary and metastatic colorectal cancer cell lines. Oncotarget 2018; 7:14499-509. [PMID: 26894854 PMCID: PMC4924731 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro models are essential to understanding the molecular characteristics of colorectal cancer (CRC) and the testing of therapies for CRC. Many efforts to establish and characterize primary CRC cell lines have been published, most describing a small number of novel cell lines. However, there remains a lack of a large panel of uniformly established and characterized cell lines. To this end we established 20 novel CRC cell lines, of which six were derived from liver metastases. Genetic, genomic and transcriptomic profiling was performed in order to characterize these new cell lines. All data are made publically available upon publication. By combining mutation profiles with CNA and gene expression profiles, we generated an overall profile of the alterations in the major CRC-related signaling pathways. The combination of mutation profiles with genome, transcriptome and methylome data means that these low passage cell lines are among the best characterized of all CRC cell lines. This will allow researchers to select model cell lines appropriate to specific experiments, facilitating the optimal use of these cell lines as in vitro models for CRC. All cell lines are available for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnoud Boot
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap van Eendenburg
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stijn Crobach
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dina Ruano
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Speetjens
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Calame
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Oosting
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Morreau
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom van Wezel
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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9
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Boot A, Oosting J, van Eendenburg JDH, Kuppen PJK, Morreau H, van Wezel T. Methylation associated transcriptional repression of ELOVL5 in novel colorectal cancer cell lines. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184900. [PMID: 28931069 PMCID: PMC5607170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic and epigenetic alterations mark colorectal cancer (CRC). Global hypomethylation is observed in nearly all CRC, but a distinct subset of CRC show the CpG Island Methylator Phenotype (CIMP). These tumors show DNA hypermethylation of a specific subset of CpG islands, resulting in transcriptional downregulation of nearby genes. Recently we reported the establishment of novel CRC cell lines derived from primary and metastatic CRC tissues. In this study we describe the DNA methylation profiling of these low passage CRC cell lines. We generated global DNA methylation profiles with Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChips and analysed them in conjunction with matching gene expression profiles. Multidimensional scaling of the DNA methylation and gene expression datasets showed that BRAF mutated cell lines form a distinct group. In this group we investigated the 706 loci which we have previously identified to be hypermethylated in BRAF mutant CRC. We validated the significant findings in the The Cancer Genome Atlas colon adenocarcinoma dataset. Our analysis identified ELOVL5, FAM127B, MTERF1, ZNF606 to be subject to transcriptional downregulation through DNA hypermethylation in CRC. We further investigated ELOVL5 with qPCR and immunohistochemical staining, validating our results, but did not find a clear relation between ELOVL5 expression and tumor stage or relapse free survival. ELOVL5, FAM127B, MTERF1, ZNF606 are involved in important cellular processes such as apoptosis, lipogenesis and the downstream transcriptional effect of the MAPK-pathway. We have identified a DNA methylation profile regulating key cellular processes in CRC, resulting in a growth advantage to the tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnoud Boot
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Oosting
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter J. K. Kuppen
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Morreau
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom van Wezel
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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10
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Schubert SA, Ruano D, Elsayed FA, Boot A, Crobach S, Sarasqueta AF, Wolffenbuttel B, van der Klauw MM, Oosting J, Tops CM, van Eijk R, Vasen HFA, Vossen RHAM, Nielsen M, Castellví-Bel S, Ruiz-Ponte C, Tomlinson I, Dunlop MG, Vodicka P, Wijnen JT, Hes FJ, Morreau H, de Miranda NFCC, Sijmons RH, van Wezel T. Evidence for genetic association between chromosome 1q loci and predisposition to colorectal neoplasia. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:1215-1223. [PMID: 28742792 PMCID: PMC5589990 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A substantial fraction of familial colorectal cancer (CRC) and polyposis heritability remains unexplained. This study aimed to identify predisposing loci in patients with these disorders. METHODS Homozygosity mapping was performed using 222 563 SNPs in 302 index patients with various colorectal neoplasms and 3367 controls. Linkage analysis, exome and whole-genome sequencing were performed in a family affected by microsatellite stable CRCs. Candidate variants were genotyped in 10 554 cases and 21 480 controls. Gene expression was assessed at the mRNA and protein level. RESULTS Homozygosity mapping revealed a disease-associated region at 1q32.3 which was part of the linkage region 1q32.2-42.2 identified in the CRC family. This includes a region previously associated with risk of CRC. Sequencing identified the p.Asp1432Glu variant in the MIA3 gene (known as TANGO1 or TANGO) and 472 additional rare, shared variants within the linkage region. In both cases and controls the population frequency was 0.02% for this MIA3 variant. The MIA3 mutant allele showed predominant mRNA expression in normal, cancer and precancerous tissues. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry revealed increased expression of MIA3 in adenomatous tissues. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our two independent strategies associate genetic variations in chromosome 1q loci and predisposition to familial CRC and polyps, which warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Schubert
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Dina Ruano
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Fadwa A Elsayed
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Arnoud Boot
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Stijn Crobach
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Arantza Farina Sarasqueta
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Bruce Wolffenbuttel
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Melanie M van der Klauw
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Oosting
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Carli M Tops
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald van Eijk
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Hans FA Vasen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Rolf HAM Vossen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Sergi Castellví-Bel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia 08036, Spain
| | - Clara Ruiz-Ponte
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica (FPGMX)-SERGAS, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica-USC, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Oxford Centre for Cancer Gene Research, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Malcolm G Dunlop
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, Prague 142 00, Czech Republic
| | - Juul T Wijnen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik J Hes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Morreau
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Noel FCC de Miranda
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Rolf H Sijmons
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Tom van Wezel
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
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11
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Sarkar S, O'Connell MR, Okugawa Y, Lee BS, Toiyama Y, Kusunoki M, Daboval RD, Goel A, Singh P. FOXD3 Regulates CSC Marker, DCLK1-S, and Invasive Potential: Prognostic Implications in Colon Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:1678-1691. [PMID: 28851816 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The 5' (α)-promoter of the human doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) gene becomes epigenetically silenced during colon carcinogenesis, resulting in loss of expression of the canonical long(L)-isoform1 (DCLK1-L) in human colon adenocarcinomas (hCRCs). Instead, hCRCs express a short(S)-isoform2 (DCLK1-S) from an alternate (β)-promoter of DCLK1. The current study, examined if the transcriptional activity of the (β)-promoter is suppressed in normal versus cancerous cells. On the basis of in silico and molecular approaches, it was discovered that FOXD3 potently inhibits the transcriptional activity of the (β)-promoter. FOXD3 becomes methylated in human colon cancer cells (hCCC), with loss of FOXD3 expression, allowing expression of the DCLK1(S) variant in hCCCs/hCRCs. Relative levels of FOXD3/DCLK1(S/L) were measured in a cohort of CRC patient specimens (n = 92), in relation to overall survival (OS). Patients expressing high DCLK1(S), with or without low FOXD3, had significantly worse OS compared with patients expressing low DCLK1(S). The relative levels of DCLK1-L did not correlate with OS. In a pilot retrospective study, colon adenomas from high-risk patients (who developed CRCs in <15 years) demonstrated significantly higher staining for DCLK1(S) + significantly lower staining for FOXD3, compared with adenomas from low-risk patients (who remained free of CRCs). Latter results strongly suggest a prognostic value of measuring DCLK1(S)/FOXD3 in adenomas. Overexpression of DCLK1(S), but not DCLK1(L), caused a significant increase in the invasive potential of hCCCs, which may explain worse outcomes for patients with high DCLK1-S-expressing tumors. On the basis of these data, FOXD3 is a potent repressor of DCLK1-S expression in normal cells; loss of FOXD3 in hCCCs/hCRCs allows upregulation of DCLK1-S, imparting a potent invasive potential to the cells. Mol Cancer Res; 15(12); 1678-91. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhashish Sarkar
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Malaney R O'Connell
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Yoshinaga Okugawa
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center and Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie, Japan
| | - Brian S Lee
- Medical School, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Yuji Toiyama
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie, Japan
| | - Masato Kusunoki
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie, Japan
| | - Robert D Daboval
- Medical School, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Ajay Goel
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center and Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Pomila Singh
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
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12
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Kelleher FC, Callaghan G, Gallagher C, O’Sullivan H. BRAF inhibitor treatment of melanoma causing colonic polyps: An alternative hypothesis. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:3022-3029. [PMID: 28533659 PMCID: PMC5423039 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i17.3022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colonic polyps may arise from BRAF inhibitor treatment of melanoma, possibly due to paradoxical activation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP)-kinase pathway. In an alternative evidence based scenario, tubular colonic adenomas with APC gene mutations have also been identified in the context of BRAF inhibitor treatment, in the absence of mutations of MAPK genes. A minority of colorectal cancers develop by an alternative “serrated polyp pathway”. This article postulates a novel hypothesis, that the established phenotypic and molecular characteristics of serrated colonic polyps/CRC offer an intriguing insight into the pathobiology of BRAF inhibitor induced colonic polyps. Serrated polyps are characterized by a CpG island methylation phenotype, MLH1 silencing and cellular senescence. They also have BRAF mutations. The contention is that BRAF inhibitor induced polyps mimic the afore-described histology and molecular features of serrated polyps with the exception that instead of the presence of BRAF mutations they induce C-RAF homodimers and B-RAF: C-RAF heterodimers.
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13
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Khakpour G, Noruzinia M, Izadi P, Karami F, Ahmadvand M, Heshmat R, Amoli MM, Tavakkoly-Bazzaz J. Methylomics of breast cancer: Seeking epimarkers in peripheral blood of young subjects. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317695040. [PMID: 28349825 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317695040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical roles of epigenomic alterations in the pathogenesis of breast cancer have recently seized great attentions toward finding epimarkers in either non-invasive or semi-non-invasive samples as well as peripheral blood. In this way, methylated DNA immunoprecipitation microarray (MeDIP-chip) was performed on DNA samples isolated from white blood cells of 30 breast cancer patients compared to 30 healthy controls. A total of 1799 differentially methylated regions were identified including SLC6A3, Rab40C, ZNF584, and FOXD3 whose significant methylation differences were confirmed in breast cancer patients through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Hypermethylation of APC, HDAC1, and GSK1 genes has been previously reported in more than one study on tissue samples of breast cancer. Methylation of those aforementioned genes in white blood cells of our young patients not only relies on their importance in breast cancer pathogenesis but also may highlight their potential as early epimarkers that makes further assessments necessary in large cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golnaz Khakpour
- 1 Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Noruzinia
- 2 Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pantea Izadi
- 1 Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Karami
- 3 Department of Medical Genetics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ahmadvand
- 4 Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- 5 Chronic Disease Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa M Amoli
- 6 Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Tavakkoly-Bazzaz
- 1 Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Tumor LINE-1 Methylation Level in Association with Survival of Patients with Stage II Colon Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 18:ijms18010036. [PMID: 28035987 PMCID: PMC5297671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide DNA hypomethylation is associated with a worse prognosis in early-stage colorectal cancer. To measure genome-wide DNA methylation levels, long interspersed nucleotide element (LINE-1) repeats are used as a surrogate marker. Cohort studies on the clinical impact of genome-wide DNA methylation level in patients with only early-stage colon cancer, are currently lacking. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of LINE-1 methylation in a stage II colon cancer cohort (n = 164). Manual needle microdissection of tumor areas was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue sections followed by DNA extraction. Bisulfite converted DNA was used to assess tumor LINE-1 methylation level by qPCR. Patients with LINE-1 hypomethylated tumors had a significantly worse overall survival compared to patients with a higher level of LINE-1 tumor DNA methylation (HR 1.68, 95% CI 1.03–2.75; p = 0.04). This effect was more prominent in patients aged over 65 years (HR 2.00, 95% CI 1.13–3.52; p = 0.02), although the test for age interaction was not significant. No significant effect on recurrence-free survival was observed. Based on these results, tumor LINE-1 hypomethylation is associated with a worse overall survival in stage II colon cancer. Whether the origin of this causation is cancer-specific or age-related can be debated.
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15
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He GY, Hu JL, Zhou L, Zhu XH, Xin SN, Zhang D, Lu GF, Liao WT, Ding YQ, Liang L. The FOXD3/miR-214/MED19 axis suppresses tumour growth and metastasis in human colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2016; 115:1367-1378. [PMID: 27811858 PMCID: PMC5129822 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: MiR-214 is aberrantly regulated in several tumours, but its underlying mechanisms in colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis remain largely unknown. This study aimed to demonstrate the function and potential mechanism of miR-214 in regulating invasion and metastasis of CRC. Methods: The transcription factor and targets of miR-214 were predicted by bioinformatics and validated using ChIP and dual-luciferase reporter assay. DNA methylation status was explored using bisulphite sequencing PCR. The in vitro and in vivo function of miR-214 in CRC was evaluated using MTT, plate colony formation, Matrigel invasion and animal models. Real-time PCR or western blotting was performed to detect FOXD3, miR-214 and MED19 expressions in CRC cells and clinical specimens. Results: MiR-214 was downregulated in CRC and was significantly correlated with lymphatic metastasis. Downregulation of miR-214 might due to promoter hypermethylation in CRC. FOXD3 was validated as a transcription factor of miR-214 by ChIP assay. Dual-luciferase assay identified MED19 as a target of miR-214 in CRC. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that miR-214 mediated the inhibiting effect of FOXD3 on proliferation, invasion and metastasis by targeting MED19. Spearman's correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between FOXD3 and miR-214, and negative correlations between FOXD3 and MED19, miR-214 and MED19 in CRC cells and clinical specimens. Conclusions: FOXD3/miR-214/MED19 axis is important for the regulation of growth, invasion and metastasis of CRC. Targeting the miR-214-mediated axis might be helpful for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Y He
- Department of Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou city 510515, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang city 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - J L Hu
- Department of Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou city 510515, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou city 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - L Zhou
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou city 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - X H Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou city 510515, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou city 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - S N Xin
- Department of Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou city 510515, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou city 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - D Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou city 510515, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou city 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - G F Lu
- Department of Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou city 510515, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou city 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - W T Liao
- Department of Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou city 510515, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou city 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Y Q Ding
- Department of Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou city 510515, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou city 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - L Liang
- Department of Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou city 510515, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou city 510515, Guangdong Province, China
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16
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Boot A, Oosting J, de Miranda NFCC, Zhang Y, Corver WE, van de Water B, Morreau H, van Wezel T. Imprinted survival genes preclude loss of heterozygosity of chromosome 7 in cancer cells. J Pathol 2016; 240:72-83. [DOI: 10.1002/path.4756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arnoud Boot
- Department of Pathology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Jan Oosting
- Department of Pathology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Noel FCC de Miranda
- Department of Pathology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Yinghui Zhang
- Division of Toxicology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research; Leiden University; The Netherlands
| | - Willem E Corver
- Department of Pathology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Bob van de Water
- Division of Toxicology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research; Leiden University; The Netherlands
| | - Hans Morreau
- Department of Pathology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Tom van Wezel
- Department of Pathology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
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17
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Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer in women and the third most common in men globally. CRC arises from one or a combination of chromosomal instability, CpG island methylator phenotype, and microsatellite instability. Genetic instability is usually caused by aneuploidy and loss of heterozygosity. Mutations in the tumor suppressor or cell cycle genes may also lead to cellular transformation. Similarly, epigenetic and/or genetic alterations resulting in impaired cellular pathways, such as DNA repair mechanism, may lead to microsatellite instability and mutator phenotype. Non-coding RNAs, more importantly microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs have also been implicated at various CRC stages. Understanding the specific mechanisms of tumorigenesis and the underlying genetic and epigenetic traits is critical in comprehending the disease phenotype. This paper reviews these mechanisms along with the roles of various non-coding RNAs in CRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Tariq
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Kulsoom Ghias
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
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18
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Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer in women and the third most common in men globally. CRC arises from one or a combination of chromosomal instability, CpG island methylator phenotype, and microsatellite instability. Genetic instability is usually caused by aneuploidy and loss of heterozygosity. Mutations in the tumor suppressor or cell cycle genes may also lead to cellular transformation. Similarly, epigenetic and/or genetic alterations resulting in impaired cellular pathways, such as DNA repair mechanism, may lead to microsatellite instability and mutator phenotype. Non-coding RNAs, more importantly microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs have also been implicated at various CRC stages. Understanding the specific mechanisms of tumorigenesis and the underlying genetic and epigenetic traits is critical in comprehending the disease phenotype. This paper reviews these mechanisms along with the roles of various non-coding RNAs in CRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Tariq
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Kulsoom Ghias
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
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19
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Du W, Pang C, Wang D, Zhang Q, Xue Y, Jiao H, Zhan L, Ma Q, Wei X. Decreased FOXD3 Expression Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Patients with High-Grade Gliomas. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127976. [PMID: 26011451 PMCID: PMC4444112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The transcription factor forkhead box D3 (FOXD3) plays important roles in the development of neural crest and has been shown to suppress the development of various cancers. However, the expression and its potential biological roles of FOXD3 in high-grade gliomas (HGGs) remain unknown. Methods The mRNA and protein expression levels of FOXD3 were examined using real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting in 23 HGG and 13 normal brain samples, respectively. Immunohistochemistry was used to validate the expression FOXD3 protein in 184 HGG cases. The association between FOXD3 expression and the prognosis of HGG patients were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazards regression models. In addition, we further examined the effects of FOXD3 on the proliferation and serum starvation-induced apoptosis of glioma cells. Results In comparison to normal brain tissues, FOXD3 expression was significantly decreased in HGG tissues at both mRNA and protein levels. Immunohistochemistry further validated the expression of FOXD3 in HGG tissues. Moreover, low FOXD3 expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis in HGG patients. Depletion of FOXD3 expression promoted glioma cell proliferation and inhibited serum starvation-induced apoptosis, whereas overexpression of FOXD3 inhibited glioma cell proliferation and promoted serum starvation-induced apoptosis. Conclusions Our results indicated that FOXD3 might serve as an independent prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for HGGs, which warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Changhe Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Dongliang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Qingjun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yake Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Hongliang Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Lei Zhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Qian Ma
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xinting Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- * E-mail:
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20
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Locke WJ, Zotenko E, Stirzaker C, Robinson MD, Hinshelwood RA, Stone A, Reddel RR, Huschtscha LI, Clark SJ. Coordinated epigenetic remodelling of transcriptional networks occurs during early breast carcinogenesis. Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:52. [PMID: 25960784 PMCID: PMC4424562 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0086-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dysregulation of the epigenome is a common event in malignancy; however, deciphering the earliest cancer-associated epigenetic events remains a challenge. Cancer epigenome studies to date have primarily utilised cancer cell lines or clinical samples, where it is difficult to identify the initial epigenetic lesions from those that occur over time. Here, we analysed the epigenome of human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) and a matched variant cell population (vHMEC) that have spontaneously escaped senescence and undergone partial carcinogenic transformation. Using this model of basal-like breast carcinogenesis, we provide striking new insights into the very first epigenetic changes that occur during the initial stages of malignancy. Results The first phase of malignancy is defined by coordinated changes in the epigenome. At the chromatin level, this is embodied in long-range epigenetic deregulation, which involves the concomitant but atypical acquisition or loss of active and repressive histone modifications across large regional blocks. Changes in DNA methylation also occurs in a highly coordinated manner. We identified differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in the very earliest passages of vHMECs. Notably, we find that differential methylation targets loci regulated by key transcription factors including p53, AHR and E2F family members suggesting that epigenetic deregulation of transcription factor binding is a key event in breast carcinogenesis. Interestingly, DMRs identified in vHMEC are extensively methylated in breast cancer, with hypermethylation frequently encroaching into neighbouring regions. A subset of vHMEC DMRs exhibited a strong basal-like cancer specific hypermethylation. Conclusions Here, we generated epigenome-wide maps of the earliest phase of breast malignancy and show long-range epigenetic deregulation and coordinated DNA hypermethylation targets loci regulated by key transcription factors. These findings support a model where induction of breast cancer occurs through epigenetic disruption of transcription factor binding leading to deregulation of cancer-associated transcriptional networks. With their stability and very early occurrence, vHMECs hypermethylated loci could serve as excellent biomarkers for the initial detection of basal breast cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13148-015-0086-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warwick J Locke
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Genomics and Epigenetic Division, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010 Australia ; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Level 5 deLacy Building, St Vincent's Hospital, Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010 Australia
| | - Elena Zotenko
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Genomics and Epigenetic Division, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010 Australia ; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Level 5 deLacy Building, St Vincent's Hospital, Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010 Australia
| | - Clare Stirzaker
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Genomics and Epigenetic Division, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010 Australia ; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Level 5 deLacy Building, St Vincent's Hospital, Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010 Australia
| | - Mark D Robinson
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, and Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH-8057 Switzerland
| | - Rebecca A Hinshelwood
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Genomics and Epigenetic Division, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010 Australia ; Sydney West Cancer Trials Centre, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre Westmead, Westmead Hospital, Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW 2145 Australia
| | - Andrew Stone
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Genomics and Epigenetic Division, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010 Australia ; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Level 5 deLacy Building, St Vincent's Hospital, Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010 Australia
| | - Roger R Reddel
- Cancer Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, 2145 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW 2145 Australia ; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Fisher Road, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Lily I Huschtscha
- Cancer Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, 2145 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW 2145 Australia
| | - Susan J Clark
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Genomics and Epigenetic Division, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010 Australia ; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Level 5 deLacy Building, St Vincent's Hospital, Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010 Australia
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21
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Figlioli G, Köhler A, Chen B, Elisei R, Romei C, Cipollini M, Cristaudo A, Bambi F, Paolicchi E, Hoffmann P, Herms S, Kalemba M, Kula D, Pastor S, Marcos R, Velázquez A, Jarząb B, Landi S, Hemminki K, Försti A, Gemignani F. Novel genome-wide association study-based candidate loci for differentiated thyroid cancer risk. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E2084-92. [PMID: 25029422 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-1734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) on differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) have identified robust associations with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 9q22.33 (FOXE1), 14q13.3 (NKX2-1), and 2q35 (DIRC3). Our recently published GWAS suggested additional susceptibility loci specific for the high-incidence Italian population. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to identify novel Italian-specific DTC risk variants based on our GWAS and to test them further in low-incidence populations. DESIGN We investigated 45 SNPs selected from our GWAS first in an Italian population. SNPs that showed suggestive evidence of association were investigated in the Polish and Spanish cohorts. RESULTS The combined analysis of the GWAS and the Italian replication study (2260 case patients and 2218 control subjects) provided strong evidence of association with rs10136427 near BATF (odds ratio [OR] =1.40, P = 4.35 × 10(-7)) and rs7267944 near DHX35 (OR = 1.39, P = 2.13 × 10(-8)). A possible role in DTC susceptibility in the Italian populations was also found for rs13184587 (ARSB) (P = 8.54 × 10(-6)) and rs1220597 (SPATA13) (P = 3.25 × 10(-6)). Only the associations between rs10136427 and rs7267944 and DTC risk were replicated in the Polish and the Spanish populations with little evidence of population heterogeneity (GWAS and all replications combined, OR = 1.30, P = 9.30 × 10(-7) and OR = 1.32, P = 1.34 × 10(-8), respectively). In silico analyses provided new insights into the possible functional consequences of the SNPs that showed the strongest association with DTC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence for novel DTC susceptibility variants. Further studies are warranted to identify the specific genetic variants responsible for the observed associations and to functionally validate our in silico predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisella Figlioli
- Department of Biology (G.F., M.C., E.P., S.L., F.G.), University of Pisa, 56123 Pisa, Italy; Molecular Genetic Epidemiology (A.K., B.C., K.H., A.F.), German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (R.E., C.R., A.C.), University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Blood Centre (F.B.), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria A. Meyer, 50139 Firenze, Italy; Department of Genomics (P.H., S.H.), Life and Brain Center and Institute of Human Genetics (P.H., S.H.), University of Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany; Division of Medical Genetics (P.H., S.H.), University Hospital Basel and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology (M.K., D.K., B.J.), Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland; Grup de Mutagènesi (S.P., R.M., A.V.), Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red y Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (S.P., R.M., A.V.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; and Center for Primary Health Care Research (K.H., A.F.), Clinical Research Center, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
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Vaiopoulos AG, Athanasoula KC, Papavassiliou AG. Epigenetic modifications in colorectal cancer: Molecular insights and therapeutic challenges. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:971-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ecsedi S, Hernandez-Vargas H, Lima SC, Vizkeleti L, Toth R, Lazar V, Koroknai V, Kiss T, Emri G, Herceg Z, Adany R, Balazs M. DNA methylation characteristics of primary melanomas with distinct biological behaviour. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96612. [PMID: 24832207 PMCID: PMC4022506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In melanoma, the presence of promoter related hypermethylation has previously been reported, however, no methylation-based distinction has been drawn among the diverse melanoma subtypes. Here, we investigated DNA methylation changes associated with melanoma progression and links between methylation patterns and other types of somatic alterations, including the most frequent mutations and DNA copy number changes. Our results revealed that the methylome, presenting in early stage samples and associated with the BRAF(V600E) mutation, gradually decreased in the medium and late stages of the disease. An inverse relationship among the other predefined groups and promoter methylation was also revealed except for histologic subtype, whereas the more aggressive, nodular subtype melanomas exhibited hypermethylation as well. The Breslow thickness, which is a continuous variable, allowed for the most precise insight into how promoter methylation decreases from stage to stage. Integrating our methylation results with a high-throughput copy number alteration dataset, local correlations were detected in the MYB and EYA4 genes. With regard to the effects of DNA hypermethylation on melanoma patients' survival, correcting for clinical cofounders, only the KIT gene was associated with a lower overall survival rate. In this study, we demonstrate the strong influence of promoter localized DNA methylation changes on melanoma initiation and show how hypermethylation decreases in melanomas associated with less favourable clinical outcomes. Furthermore, we establish the methylation pattern as part of an integrated apparatus of somatic DNA alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Ecsedi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE- Public Health Research Group, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Hector Hernandez-Vargas
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Section of Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Epigenetics Group, Lyon, France
| | - Sheila C. Lima
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Section of Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Epigenetics Group, Lyon, France
| | - Laura Vizkeleti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE- Public Health Research Group, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Reka Toth
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Viktoria Lazar
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Viktoria Koroknai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Timea Kiss
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Emri
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zdenko Herceg
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Section of Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Epigenetics Group, Lyon, France
| | - Roza Adany
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE- Public Health Research Group, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Margit Balazs
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE- Public Health Research Group, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Schwitalla S. Tumor cell plasticity: the challenge to catch a moving target. J Gastroenterol 2014; 49:618-27. [PMID: 24566894 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-014-0943-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Every cancer cell is "different"--within one and the same tumor, between different lesions originating from the same tumor, among different patients suffering from the same tumor type, and certainly between different tumor types. The complexity of tumor development, with its genetic, phenotypic and functional heterogeneity and plasticity within tumors and between primary tumors and metastases, underlies the unpredictable influences and stimuli of a tumor-associated inflammatory microenvironment, immune response, mechanical and metabolic stress, therapy-induced inflammation or interaction with microbiota. The stochastic and context dependent nature of these factors accounts for the difficulties to investigate the impact of resulting cell plasticity on tumor development, and justifies the challenge to prevent tumor recurrence. The emerging concept of cell plasticity and reciprocity (to change the phenotype by processing signals from the environment) throws more light on the actual complexity of tumor heterogeneity than can be expected solely from a unidirectional, classical cancer stem cell (CSC) model. To date, it remains widely unclear to what extent cell plasticity impacts tumor development, and it is difficult to assess by current methods. As a high tumor plasticity is likely to predict a poor outcome for patients, the future therapeutic challenge will be the development of personalized treatment strategies to predict and finally prevent cell plasticity in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Schwitalla
- Dr. George Daley Laboratory, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, One Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,
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Stamatelli A, Vlachou C, Aroni K, Papassideri I, Patsouris E, Saetta AA. Epigenetic alterations in sporadic basal cell carcinomas. Arch Dermatol Res 2014; 306:561-9. [PMID: 24573469 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-014-1454-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignant human neoplasm characterized by slow growth and virtual absence of metastases. Recently, it has become evident that along with genetic mutations epigenetic alterations play a key role in the pathogenesis of human cancer. We searched for promoter methylation of hMLH1, RASSF1A, DAPK, APC, DCR1 and DCR2 genes and BRAF mutations in BCCs in association with the clinicopathological parameters and the histological subtypes of the tumours. Fifty-two BCCs, 17 FFPE along with 35 fresh tissue samples with matching normal tissues for 26 cases were analyzed by methylation-specific PCR to assess the methylation status of hMLH1, RASSF1A, DAPK, APC, DCR1 and DCR2 genes after sodium bisulfite treatment of the tumour and normal DNA. hMLH1 and DCR1 gene expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry. BRAF mutations were studied by high resolution melting analysis. Methylation was detected at a variable frequency of 44, 33, 32.5, 32 and 14 % of DCR2, APC, DCR1, RASSF1 and DAPK promoters, respectively, whereas methylation of hMLH1 promoter was absent. No BRAF mutations were found. There was no correlation between the frequency of the promoter methylation of the above-mentioned genes and the clinicopathological features or the histological subtypes of the tumours. The relatively high frequency of RASSF1A, DCR1, DCR2 and APC promoter methylation may imply that methylation constitutes an important pathway in the tumourigenesis of BCC that could provide new opportunities in developing epigenetic therapies for BCC patients. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to establish the above-mentioned hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Stamatelli
- 1st Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece,
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26
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Dumitrascu GR, Bucur O. Critical physiological and pathological functions of Forkhead Box O tumor suppressors. Discoveries (Craiova) 2013; 1:e5. [PMID: 32309538 PMCID: PMC6941590 DOI: 10.15190/d.2013.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Forkhead box, subclass O (FOXO) proteins are critical transcription factors, ubiquitously expressed in the human body. These proteins are characterized by a remarkable functional diversity, being involved in cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, oxidative detoxification, DNA damage repair, stem cell maintenance, cell differentiation, cell metabolism, angiogenesis, cardiac development, aging and others. In addition, FOXO have critical implications in both normal and cancer stem cell biology. New strategies to modulate FOXO expression and activity may now be developed since the discovery of novel FOXO regulators and non-coding RNAs (such as microRNAs) targeting FOXO transcription factors. This review focuses on physiological and pathological functions of FOXO proteins and on their action as fine regulators of cell fate and context-dependent cell decisions. A better understanding of the structure and critical functions of FOXO transcription factors and tumor suppressors may contribute to the development of novel therapies for cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgiana R Dumitrascu
- "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology and Biomedical Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Octavian Bucur
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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The homeobox gene MEIS1 is methylated in BRAF (p.V600E) mutated colon tumors. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79898. [PMID: 24244575 PMCID: PMC3820613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of colorectal cancer (CRC) can occur both via gene mutations in tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes, as well as via epigenetic changes, including DNA methylation. Site-specific methylation in CRC regulates expression of tumor-associated genes. Right-sided colon tumors more frequently have BRAF (p.V600E) mutations and have higher methylation grades when compared to left-sided malignancies. The aim of this study was to identify DNA methylation changes associated with BRAF (p.V600E) mutation status. We performed methylation profiling of colon tumor DNA, isolated from frozen sections enriched for epithelial cells by macro-dissection, and from paired healthy tissue. Single gene analyses comparing BRAF (p.V600E) with BRAF wild type revealed MEIS1 as the most significant differentially methylated gene (log2 fold change: 0.89, false discovery rate-adjusted P-value 2.8*10(-9)). This finding was validated by methylation-specific PCR that was concordant with the microarray data. Additionally, validation in an independent cohort (n=228) showed a significant association between BRAF (p.V600E) and MEIS1 methylation (OR: 13.0, 95% CI: 5.2 - 33.0, P<0.0001). MEIS1 methylation was associated with decreased MEIS1 gene expression in both patient samples and CRC cell lines. The same was true for gene expression of a truncated form of MEIS1, MEIS1 D27 , which misses exon 8 and has a proposed tumor suppression function. To trace the origin of MEIS1 promoter methylation, 14 colorectal tumors were flow-sorted. Four out of eight BRAF (p.V600E) tumor epithelial fractions (50%) showed MEIS1 promoter methylation, as well as three out of eight BRAF (p.V600E) stromal fractions (38%). Only one out of six BRAF wild type showed MEIS1 promoter methylation in both the epithelial tumor and stromal fractions (17%). In conclusion, BRAF (p.V600E) colon tumors showed significant MEIS1 promoter methylation, which was associated with decreased MEIS1 gene expression.
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Scott AJ, Leong S, Messersmith WA, Lieu CH. A moving target: challenges in treating BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer. COLORECTAL CANCER 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/crc.13.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY Biomarker-oriented clinical studies have shown mounting evidence for improved efficacy with targeted therapy. Unfortunately, single-agent BRAF inhibition has shown limited efficacy in patients with metastatic BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer. Multiple mechanisms for potential BRAF inhibitor resistance demonstrate the complex biology behind tumorigenesis in colorectal cancer and highlight the obstacles of acquired and intrinsic drug resistance in treating this disease. Biomarker-related strategies with potential predictive value for specific molecular anomalies offer the possibility for improved targeted agents and rational combinations. Synthetic lethality gene array has become a major focus in current research for developing such agents. Combination therapy based on molecular profiles may further enhance individualized patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Scott
- University of Colorado, MS8117, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Room 8122, Aurora, CO 80024, USA
| | - Stephen Leong
- University of Colorado, MS8117, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Room 8122, Aurora, CO 80024, USA
| | - Wells A Messersmith
- University of Colorado, MS8117, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Room 8122, Aurora, CO 80024, USA
| | - Christopher H Lieu
- University of Colorado, MS8117, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Room 8122, Aurora, CO 80024, USA.
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Li XX, Hu XJ, Wu T, Hu CM, Xu W, Li HB, Zhao T. Histopathologic features and microsatellite instability of sporadic colorectal carcinoma: An analysis of 400 cases. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2013; 21:1080-1089. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v21.i12.1080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the clinicopathologic features of sporadic colorectal carcinoma with high level of microsatellite instability (MSI-H), detect deficient expression of DNA mismatch repair protein, predict tumor microsatellite instability (MSI) status, and create a platform for diagnosis and screening of genetic colorectal carcinoma.
METHODS: Clinical data for 400 cases of sporadic colorectal carcinoma were analyzed. All cases underwent histological assessment. The deficiency expression of mismatch repair protein was detected by immunohistochemistry. The MSI status of carcinoma was predicted and then confirmed by PCR.
RESULTS: Male patients and left-side location predominated in the present series. Of 400 cases of sporadic colorectal carcinoma, 18 cases of MSI-H, 98 cases of MSI-L and 284 cases of MSS were detected by immunohistochemistry. Pathological features of MSI-H colorectal carcinoma included villous and papilloma structures, poor or good differentiation, mucinous type, signet-cell carcinoma or any mucinous differentiation, increased tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL cells), the presence of Crohn-like reaction, and the lack of necrosis. PCR analysis confirmed that there were 7 cases of MSI-H tumors, 1 case of MSI-L, 6 cases of MSS and 4 cases of allele of heterozygosity.
CONCLUSION: Sporadic MSI-H colorectal carcinoma has unique morphology, but shows no correlation with patient age, sex, and tumor size. Morphological assessment with immunohistochemistry can be used as a routine method for screening MSI-H and genetic colorectal carcinoma and guiding individualized treatment.
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