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Romarowski A, Fejzo J, Nayyab S, Martin-Hidalgo D, Gervasi MG, Balbach M, Violante S, Salicioni AM, Cross J, Levin LR, Buck J, Visconti PE. Mouse sperm energy restriction and recovery (SER) revealed novel metabolic pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1234221. [PMID: 37655160 PMCID: PMC10466171 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1234221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian sperm must undergo capacitation to become fertilization-competent. While working on mice, we recently developed a new methodology for treating sperm in vitro, which results in higher rates of fertilization and embryo development after in vitro fertilization. Sperm incubated in media devoid of nutrients lose motility, although they remain viable. Upon re-adding energy substrates, sperm resume motility and become capacitated with improved functionality. Here, we explore how sperm energy restriction and recovery (SER) treatment affects sperm metabolism and capacitation-associated signaling. Using extracellular flux analysis and metabolite profiling and tracing via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS), we found that the levels of many metabolites were altered during the starvation phase of SER. Of particular interest, two metabolites, AMP and L-carnitine, were significantly increased in energy-restricted sperm. Upon re-addition of glucose and initiation of capacitation, most metabolite levels recovered and closely mimic the levels observed in capacitating sperm that have not undergone starvation. In both control and SER-treated sperm, incubation under capacitating conditions upregulated glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. However, ATP levels were diminished, presumably reflecting the increased energy consumption during capacitation. Flux data following the fate of 13C glucose indicate that, similar to other cells with high glucose consumption rates, pyruvate is converted into 13C-lactate and, with lower efficiency, into 13C-acetate, which are then released into the incubation media. Furthermore, our metabolic flux data show that exogenously supplied glucose is converted into citrate, providing evidence that in sperm cells, as in somatic cells, glycolytic products can be converted into Krebs cycle metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Romarowski
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jasna Fejzo
- Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Saman Nayyab
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | | | - Maria G. Gervasi
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Melanie Balbach
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sara Violante
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ana M. Salicioni
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Justin Cross
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lonny R. Levin
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jochen Buck
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Pablo E. Visconti
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
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Fang X, Han Q, Li S, Luo A. Melatonin attenuates spatial learning and memory dysfunction in developing rats by suppressing isoflurane-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress via the SIRT1/Mfn2/PERK signaling pathway. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10326. [PMID: 36091956 PMCID: PMC9459431 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of the inhalation anesthetic isoflurane may increase the risk of cognitive deficiency and neurotoxicity after birth. A growing body of evidence suggests that melatonin is an effective treatment for various types of oxidative stress damage and neurodegenerative disease. In this study, we aimed to examine the effects of melatonin on isoflurane-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, spatial learning and memory impairment during development. The rats were grouped according to whether the rats were exposed to isoflurane or a control gas and whether they were administered melatonin or phosphate buffered saline (PBS). We administered isoflurane to 7-day-old Sprague–Dawley rat pups with intraperitoneal injections of melatonin (20 mg/kg) 15 min before and 3 h after the initiation of anesthesia. Twelve hours after isoflurane anesthesia, rats were randomly selected from each group and sacrificed. The hippocampal tissue and serum were collected to determine the levels of SIRT1, Mfn2, PERK, and other proteins or cytokines related to ER stress, apoptosis, and neuroinflammation. Subsequently, all remaining rats were assessed for spatial learning and memory deficiency 31 days after birth using the Morris water maze test. We found that melatonin attenuated isoflurane-induced ER stress and neuroapoptosis in the hippocampus and decreased the level of neuroinflammatory markers in the serum of newborn rats, resulting in improved spatial learning and memory. In addition, the neuroprotective effect of melatonin was weakened after the SIRT1/Mfn2/PERK signaling pathway was suppressed by lentivirus transfection. Therefore, our findings demonstrate that melatonin ameliorates spatial learning and memory impairment after isoflurane exposure, and these beneficial effects are associated with a reduction in ER stress, neuroapoptosis, and neuroinflammation via the SIRT1/Mfn2/PERK signaling pathway.
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Hepatoprotective Role of Carvedilol against Ischemic Hepatitis Associated with Acute Heart Failure via Targeting miRNA-17 and Mitochondrial Dynamics-Related Proteins: An In Vivo and In Silico Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070832. [PMID: 35890131 PMCID: PMC9319470 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute heart failure (AHF) is one of the most common diseases in old age that can lead to mortality. Systemic hypoperfusion is associated with hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury, which may be irreversible. Ischemic hepatitis due to AHF has been linked to the pathogenesis of liver damage. In the present study, we extensively investigated the role of mitochondrial dynamics-related proteins and their epigenetic regulation in ischemic liver injury following AHF and explored the possible hepatoprotective role of carvedilol. The biochemical analysis revealed that the ischemic liver injury following AHF significantly elevated the activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzymes, the level of total and direct bilirubin, and the expression of hepatic mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), dynamin-1-like protein (DNM1L), and hepatic miRNA-17. At the same time, it significantly reduced the serum albumin level, the activity of hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the expression of mitochondrial peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-1α (PGC-1α), and mitofusin 2 (Mtf2). The histological examination of the liver tissue revealed degenerated hepatocytes. Interestingly, administration of carvedilol either prior to or after isoprenaline-induced AHF significantly improved the liver function and reversed the deterioration effect of AHF-induced ischemic hepatitis, as demonstrated by biochemical, immunohistochemical, and histological analysis. Our results indicated that the hepatoprotective effect of carvedilol in ameliorating hepatic ischemic damage could be attributed to its ability to target the mitochondrial dynamics-related proteins (Mtf2, DNM1L and PGC-1α), but also their epigenetic regulator miRNA-17. To further explore the mode of action of carvedilol, we have investigated, in silico, the ability of carvedilol to target dynamin-1-like protein and mitochondrial dynamics protein (MID51). Our results revealed that carvedilol has a high binding affinity (−14.83 kcal/mol) toward the binding pocket of DNM1L protein. In conclusion, our study highlights the hepatoprotective pharmacological application of carvedilol to attenuate ischemic hepatitis associated with AHF.
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Zhao S, Heng N, Wang H, Wang H, Zhang H, Gong J, Hu Z, Zhu H. Mitofusins: from mitochondria to fertility. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:370. [PMID: 35725948 PMCID: PMC9209398 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04386-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Germ cell formation and embryonic development require ATP synthesized by mitochondria. The dynamic system of the mitochondria, and in particular, the fusion of mitochondria, are essential for the generation of energy. Mitofusin1 and mitofusin2, the homologues of Fuzzy onions in yeast and Drosophila, are critical regulators of mitochondrial fusion in mammalian cells. Since their discovery mitofusins (Mfns) have been the source of significant interest as key influencers of mitochondrial dynamics, including membrane fusion, mitochondrial distribution, and the interaction with other organelles. Emerging evidence has revealed significant insight into the role of Mfns in germ cell formation and embryonic development, as well as the high incidence of reproductive diseases such as asthenospermia, polycystic ovary syndrome, and gestational diabetes mellitus. Here, we describe the key mechanisms of Mfns in mitochondrial dynamics, focusing particularly on the role of Mfns in the regulation of mammalian fertility, including spermatogenesis, oocyte maturation, and embryonic development. We also highlight the role of Mfns in certain diseases associated with the reproductive system and their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanjiang Zhao
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Nuo Heng
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Huan Wang
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Haobo Zhang
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Jianfei Gong
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Zhihui Hu
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Huabin Zhu
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
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Miao J, Chen W, Wang P, Zhang X, Wang L, Wang S, Wang Y. MFN1 and MFN2 Are Dispensable for Sperm Development and Functions in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413507. [PMID: 34948301 PMCID: PMC8707932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MFN1 (Mitofusin 1) and MFN2 (Mitofusin 2) are GTPases essential for mitochondrial fusion. Published studies revealed crucial roles of both Mitofusins during embryonic development. Despite the unique mitochondrial organization in sperm flagella, the biological requirement in sperm development and functions remain undefined. Here, using sperm-specific Cre drivers, we show that either Mfn1 or Mfn2 knockout in haploid germ cells does not affect male fertility. The Mfn1 and Mfn2 double knockout mice were further analyzed. We found no differences in testis morphology and weight between Mfn-deficient mice and their wild-type littermate controls. Spermatogenesis was normal in Mfn double knockout mice, in which properly developed TRA98+ germ cells, SYCP3+ spermatocytes, and TNP1+ spermatids/spermatozoa were detected in seminiferous tubules, indicating that sperm formation was not disrupted upon MFN deficiency. Collectively, our findings reveal that both MFN1 and MFN2 are dispensable for sperm development and functions in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junru Miao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (J.M.); (P.W.); (X.Z.); (L.W.)
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Pengxiang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (J.M.); (P.W.); (X.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Xin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (J.M.); (P.W.); (X.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Lei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (J.M.); (P.W.); (X.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Shuai Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (J.M.); (P.W.); (X.Z.); (L.W.)
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (Y.W.)
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Yi Y, Yu MC, Fu PY, Liu G, Zhou PY, Guan RY, Zhou C, Sun BY, Qiu SJ. MNS1 promotes hepatocarcinogenesis and metastasis via activating PI3K/AKT by translocating β-catenin and predicts poor prognosis. Liver Int 2021; 41:1409-1420. [PMID: 33506565 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a fatal disease characterized by vast molecular heterogeneity. Although major advances in tumour genetics has led to the identification of new biomarkers, the prognosis of patients with HCC remains dismal. METHODS Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot (WB) were used to evaluate meiosis-specific nuclear structural 1 (MNS1) expression in HCC cells. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to evaluate MNS1 expression in HCC tissues. Clinical significance of MNS1 was evaluated by Cox regression analysis. Transwell assays were conducted to assess cells migration ability. Cell counting kit-8 and colony formation assays were performed to detect cells proliferation ability. NOD/SCID/γc(null) (NOG) mice model was adopted to investigate functions of MNS1 in vivo. RESULTS The expression of MNS1, which is elevated in most HCC tissues, correlated with poor survival in HCC patients. Functional experiments revealed the oncogenic role of MNS1, which promotes HCC growth and metastasis through AKT-dependent modulation of β-catenin. β-Catenin expression was crucial for MNS1's oncogenic effects. MNS1 indirectly translocated β-catenin from the cytoplasm to the nucleus via the MNS1-GSK3β axis. CONCLUSIONS MNS1 promotes HCC growth and metastasis via activating PI3K/AKT signalling and may serve as an important prognostic biomarker as well as potential novel therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yi
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Min-Cheng Yu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Yao Fu
- Endoscopy Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gao Liu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Yun Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruo-Yu Guan
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Bao-Ye Sun
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang-Jian Qiu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
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7
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Park YJ, Pang MG. Mitochondrial Functionality in Male Fertility: From Spermatogenesis to Fertilization. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010098. [PMID: 33445610 PMCID: PMC7826524 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are structurally and functionally distinct organelles that produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), to provide energy to spermatozoa. They can also produce reactive oxidation species (ROS). While a moderate concentration of ROS is critical for tyrosine phosphorylation in cholesterol efflux, sperm–egg interaction, and fertilization, excessive ROS generation is associated with male infertility. Moreover, mitochondria participate in diverse processes ranging from spermatogenesis to fertilization to regulate male fertility. This review aimed to summarize the roles of mitochondria in male fertility depending on the sperm developmental stage (from male reproductive tract to female reproductive tract). Moreover, mitochondria are also involved in testosterone production, regulation of proton secretion into the lumen to maintain an acidic condition in the epididymis, and sperm DNA condensation during epididymal maturation. We also established the new signaling pathway using previous proteomic data associated with male fertility, to understand the overall role of mitochondria in male fertility. The pathway revealed that male infertility is associated with a loss of mitochondrial proteins in spermatozoa, which induces low sperm motility, reduces OXPHOS activity, and results in male infertility.
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Li Y, Wang WL, Tu CF, Meng LL, Hu TY, Du J, Lin G, Nie HC, Tan YQ. A novel homozygous frameshift mutation in MNS1 associated with severe oligoasthenoteratozoospermia in humans. Asian J Androl 2021; 23:197-204. [PMID: 33037173 PMCID: PMC7991825 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_56_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) refers to the combination of various sperm abnormalities, including a decreased sperm count, reduced motility, and abnormal sperm morphology. Only a few genetic causes have been shown to be associated with OAT. Herein, we identified a novel homozygous frameshift mutation in meiosis-specific nuclear structural 1 (MNS1; NM_018365: c.603_604insG: p.Lys202Glufs*6) by whole-exome sequencing in an OAT proband from a consanguineous Chinese family. Subsequent variant screening identified four additional heterozygous MNS1 variants in 6/219 infertile individuals with oligoasthenospermia, but no MNS1 variants were observed among 223 fertile controls. Immunostaining analysis showed MNS1 to be normally located in the whole-sperm flagella, but was absent in the proband's sperm. Expression analysis by Western blot also confirmed that MNS1 was absent in the proband's sperm. Abnormal flagellum morphology and ultrastructural disturbances in outer doublet microtubules were observed in the proband's sperm. A total of three intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles were carried out for the proband's wife, but they all failed to lead to a successful pregnancy. Overall, this is the first study to report a loss-of-function mutation in MNS1 causing OAT in a Han Chinese patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Wei-Li Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Chao-Feng Tu
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha 410078, China.,Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Lan-Lan Meng
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha 410078, China.,Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Tong-Yao Hu
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Juan Du
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha 410078, China.,Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Ge Lin
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha 410078, China.,Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Hong-Chuan Nie
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha 410078, China.,Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Yue-Qiu Tan
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha 410078, China.,Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Changsha 410078, China
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Boschen KE, Ptacek TS, Simon JM, Parnell SE. Transcriptome-Wide Regulation of Key Developmental Pathways in the Mouse Neural Tube by Prenatal Alcohol Exposure. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:1540-1550. [PMID: 32557641 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early gestational alcohol exposure is associated with severe craniofacial and CNS dysmorphologies and behavioral abnormalities during adolescence and adulthood. Alcohol exposure during the formation of the neural tube (gestational day [GD] 8 to 10 in mice; equivalent to4th week of human pregnancy) disrupts development of ventral midline brain structures such as the pituitary, septum, and ventricles. This study identifies transcriptomic changes in the rostroventral neural tube (RVNT), the region of the neural tube that gives rise to the midline structures sensitive to alcohol exposure during neurulation. METHODS Female C57BL/6J mice were administered 2 doses of alcohol (2.9 g/kg) or vehicle 4 hours apart on GD 9.0. The RVNTs of embryos were collected 6 or 24 hours after the first dose and processed for RNA-seq. RESULTS Six hours following GD 9.0 alcohol exposure (GD 9.25), over 2,300 genes in the RVNT were determined to be differentially regulated by alcohol. Enrichment analysis determined that PAE affected pathways related to cell proliferation, p53 signaling, ribosome biogenesis, and immune activation. In addition, over 100 genes involved in primary cilia formation and function and regulation of morphogenic pathways were altered 6 hours after alcohol exposure. The changes to gene expression were largely transient, as only 91 genes identified as differentially regulated by prenatal alcohol at GD 10 (24 hours postexposure). Functionally, the differentially regulated genes at GD 10 were related to organogenesis and cell migration. CONCLUSIONS These data give a comprehensive view of the changing landscape of the embryonic transcriptome networks in regions of the neural tube that give rise to brain structures impacted by a neurulation-stage alcohol exposure. Identification of gene networks dysregulated by alcohol will help elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms of alcohol's actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Boschen
- From the Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Travis S Ptacek
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jeremy M Simon
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Scott E Parnell
- From the Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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10
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Mitochondria, spermatogenesis, and male infertility - An update. Mitochondrion 2020; 54:26-40. [PMID: 32534048 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of mitochondria in the eukaryotic cell is one of the most enigmatic events in the course of evolution. This important organelle was thought to be only the powerhouse of the cell, but was later learnt to perform many other indispensable functions in the cell. Two major contributions of mitochondria in spermatogenesis concern energy production and apoptosis. Apart from this, mitochondria also participate in a number of other processes affecting spermatogenesis and fertility. Mitochondria in sperm are arranged in the periphery of the tail microtubules to serve to energy demand for motility. Apart from this, the role of mitochondria in germ cell proliferation, mitotic regulation, and the elimination of germ cells by apoptosis are now well recognized. Eventually, mutations in the mitochondrial genome have been reported in male infertility, particularly in sluggish sperm (asthenozoospermia); however, heteroplasmy in the mtDNA and a complex interplay between the nucleus and mitochondria affect their penetrance. In this article, we have provided an update on the role of mitochondria in various events of spermatogenesis and male fertility and on the correlation of mitochondrial DNA mutations with male infertility.
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11
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Yang T, Liu H, Yang Y, Hu P, Song X, Peng Y, Yang F. Identification of key genes associated with spermatogenesis arrest in fox hybrids using weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Theriogenology 2020; 147:92-101. [PMID: 32126384 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The silver fox and the blue fox represent different genera, but produce viable offspring. Although these hybrids show obvious heterosis, they are completely sterile due to spermatogenic arrest at the early stages of spermatogenesis, especially mitosis and meiosis I; the hybrids produce few spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes, and no secondary spermatocytes. Although the mechanisms of spermatogenic arrest have been well investigated, transcriptomic differences between hybrid and the pure-species testes have not clarified. In the present study, we used RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to generate testicular transcriptomic profiles for silver foxes, blue foxes, and reciprocal hybrids during the pre-breeding period and the breeding season. In total, 1,344,022 transcripts (≥200 bp) were generated; 1,057,724 genes were obtained; and 33,423 genes were shown to have fragments per kilobase of transcript per million mapped reads (FPKM) > 0.3. To identify the hub genes associated with spermatogenesis arrest, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used. Nine modules were explored. Genes in only a single module were consistently downregulated in the hybrids as compared to the pure species; these genes were significantly associated with fox hybrid male infertility. Six of the genes in this module (CATSPERD, DMRTC2, RNF17, NME5, SPEF2, SPINK2) also play key roles in mitosis and meiosis during spermatogenesis. Therefore, these six genes might be associated with fox hybrid male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong'ao Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, PR China
| | - Huamiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, PR China
| | - Yahan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, PR China
| | - Pengfei Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, PR China
| | - Xingchao Song
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, PR China
| | - Yinghua Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, PR China.
| | - Fuhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, PR China.
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12
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Ma M, Stoyanova M, Rademacher G, Dutcher SK, Brown A, Zhang R. Structure of the Decorated Ciliary Doublet Microtubule. Cell 2019; 179:909-922.e12. [PMID: 31668805 PMCID: PMC6936269 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The axoneme of motile cilia is the largest macromolecular machine of eukaryotic cells. In humans, impaired axoneme function causes a range of ciliopathies. Axoneme assembly, structure, and motility require a radially arranged set of doublet microtubules, each decorated in repeating patterns with non-tubulin components. We use single-particle cryo-electron microscopy to visualize and build an atomic model of the repeating structure of a native axonemal doublet microtubule, which reveals the identities, positions, repeat lengths, and interactions of 38 associated proteins, including 33 microtubule inner proteins (MIPs). The structure demonstrates how these proteins establish the unique architecture of doublet microtubules, maintain coherent periodicities along the axoneme, and stabilize the microtubules against the repeated mechanical stress induced by ciliary motility. Our work elucidates the architectural principles that underpin the assembly of this large, repetitive eukaryotic structure and provides a molecular basis for understanding the etiology of human ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meisheng Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mihaela Stoyanova
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Griffin Rademacher
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan K Dutcher
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alan Brown
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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13
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Boschen KE, Gong H, Murdaugh LB, Parnell SE. Knockdown of Mns1 Increases Susceptibility to Craniofacial Defects Following Gastrulation-Stage Alcohol Exposure in Mice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:2136-2143. [PMID: 30129265 PMCID: PMC6214710 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MNS1 (meiosis-specific nuclear structural protein 1) is necessary for motile cilia function, such as sperm flagella or those found in the embryonic primitive node. While little is known regarding the function or expression pattern of MNS1 in the embryo, co-immunoprecipitation experiments in sperm have determined that MNS1 interacts with ciliary proteins, which are also important during development. Establishment of morphogenic gradients is dependent on normal ciliary motion in the primitive node beginning during gastrulation (gestational day [GD] 7 in the mouse, second-third week of pregnancy in humans), a critical window for face, eye, and brain development and particularly susceptible to perturbations of developmental signals. The current study investigates the role of Mns1 in craniofacial defects associated with gastrulation-stage alcohol exposure. METHODS On GD7, pregnant Mns1+/- dams were administered 2 doses of ethanol (5.8 g/kg total) or vehicle 4 hours apart to target gastrulation. On GD17, fetuses were examined for ocular defects by scoring each eye on a scale from 1 to 7 (1 = normal, 2 to 7 = defects escalating in severity). Craniofacial and brain abnormalities were also assessed. RESULTS Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) significantly increased the rate of defects in wild-type fetuses, as PAE fetuses had an incidence rate of 41.18% compared to a 10% incidence rate in controls. Furthermore, PAE interacted with genotype to significantly increase the defect rate and severity in Mns1+/- (64.29%) and Mns1-/- mice (92.31%). PAE Mns1-/- fetuses with severe eye defects also presented with craniofacial dysmorphologies characteristic of fetal alcohol syndrome and midline tissue loss in the brain, palate, and nasal septum. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that a partial or complete knockdown of Mns1 interacts with PAE to increase the susceptibility to ocular defects and correlating craniofacial and brain anomalies, likely though interaction of alcohol with motile cilia function. These results further our understanding of genetic risk factors that may underlie susceptibility to teratogenic exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E. Boschen
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Henry Gong
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Laura B. Murdaugh
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Scott E. Parnell
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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14
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Fang F, Ni K, Shang J, Zhang X, Xiong C, Meng T. Expression of mitofusin 2 in human sperm and its relationship to sperm motility and cryoprotective potentials. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018; 243:963-969. [PMID: 30058380 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218790919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitofusin 2 is a kind of mitochondria membrane protein that has been implicated in maintenance of mitochondrial morphology and function. However, the expression and function of mitofusin 2 in human sperm are not well described at present. The aim of this study was to explore the location of mitofusin 2 in human sperm and to discover its relationship to human sperm functions like motility and cryoprotective potentials. Our result showed that mitofusin 2 is specifically localized in the 5-7 μm midpiece between the neck and main part of human sperm tail. The expression level of mitofusin 2 in human sperm was significantly different between the normozoospermia and asthenozoospermia groups ( P < 0.05); meanwhile, the sperm of the asthenozoospermia group had a lower mitochondrial membrane potential ( P < 0.05), but the results of TUNEL assay did not show significant difference between the two groups. Furthermore, we found that the expression level of mitofusin 2 in the freeze-resistant group (cryo-survival rate >40%) was significantly higher than that of the freeze-intolerant group (cryo-survival rate ≤40%) ( P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that the expression level of mitofusin 2 is related to motility and cryoprotective potentials of human sperm. Mitofusin 2 may play a crucial role in the function of human sperm, which needs further research to discover the mechanism. Impact statement The exact function of mitochondria in human sperm before and during fertilization process remains controversial. MFN2 is a kind of mitochondria membrane protein and participates in the regulation of mitochondrial morphology and function. In this study, we discover the relationship of MFN2 expression to human sperm motility and cryoprotective potentials. Our results suggest that MFN2 could be a new target for the mechanism research of asthenozoospermia. MFN2 may also serve as a protein marker predicting the ability of human sperm to sustain cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,2 Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ke Ni
- 3 Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jin Shang
- 2 Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaoke Zhang
- 2 Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chengliang Xiong
- 2 Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,4 Center of Reproductive Medicine, Wuhan Tongji Reproductive Medicine Hospital, Wuhan 430013, China
| | - Tianqing Meng
- 4 Center of Reproductive Medicine, Wuhan Tongji Reproductive Medicine Hospital, Wuhan 430013, China
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15
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Walz G. Role of primary cilia in non-dividing and post-mitotic cells. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 369:11-25. [PMID: 28361305 PMCID: PMC5487853 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2599-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The essential role of primary (non-motile) cilia during the development of multi-cellular tissues and organs is well established and is underlined by severe disease manifestations caused by mutations in cilia-associated molecules that are collectively termed ciliopathies. However, the role of primary cilia in non-dividing and terminally differentiated, post-mitotic cells is less well understood. Although the prevention of cells from re-entering the cell cycle may represent a major chore, primary cilia have recently been linked to DNA damage responses, autophagy and mitochondria. Given this connectivity, primary cilia in non-dividing cells are well positioned to form a signaling hub outside of the nucleus. Such a center could integrate information to initiate responses and to maintain cellular homeostasis if cell survival is jeopardized. These more discrete functions may remain undetected until differentiated cells are confronted with emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Walz
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, University Freiburg Medical Center, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
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16
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Liu X, Yang J, Lu C, Jiang S, Nie X, Han J, Yin L, Jiang J. Downregulation of Mfn2 participates in manganese-induced neuronal apoptosis in rat striatum and PC12 cells. Neurochem Int 2017; 108:40-51. [PMID: 28232070 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is a widely distributed trace element that is essential for normal brain function and development. However, chronic exposure to excessive Mn has been known to lead to neuronal loss and manganism, a disease with debilitating motor and cognitive deficits, whose clinical syndrome resembling idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD). However, the precise molecular mechanism underlying Mn neurotoxicity remains largely unclear. Accumulating evidence indicates that abnormal mitochondrial functionality is an early and causal event in Mn-induced neurodegeneration and apoptosis. Here, we investigated whether Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2), a highly conserved dynamin-related protein (DRP), played a role in the regulation of Mn-induced neuronal apoptosis. We revealed that Mfn2 was significantly dysregulated in rat striatum and PC12 neuronal-like cells following Mn exposure. Western blot analysis revealed that the expression of Mfn2 was remarkably decreased following different concentrations of Mn exposure. Immunohistochemistry analysis confirmed a remarkable downregulation of Mfn2 in rat striatum after Mn exposure. Immunofluorescent staining showed that Mfn2 was expressed predominantly in neurons, and neuronal loss of Mfn2 was associated with the expression of active caspase-3 following Mn exposure. Importantly, overexpression of Mfn2 apparently attenuated Mn-induced neuronal apoptosis. Notably, treatment with caspase-3 inhibitor Ac-DEVD-CH could not rescue Mn-induced downregulation of Mfn2, suggesting that Mn-induced mfn2 occurs prior to neuronal apoptosis. Taken together, these results indicated that down-regulated expression of Mfn2 might contribute to the pathological processes underlying Mn neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhang Liu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbin Yang
- Department of Public Health, The Second People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhua Lu
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Diseases, Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyang Jiang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoke Nie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingling Han
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifeng Yin
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Junkang Jiang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Yu S, Cai X, Sun L, Zuo Z, Mipam T, Cao S, Shen L, Ren Z, Chen X, Yang F, Deng J, Ma X, Wang Y. Comparative iTRAQ proteomics revealed proteins associated with spermatogenic arrest of cattleyak. J Proteomics 2016; 142:102-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Majhi RK, Kumar A, Yadav M, Kumar P, Maity A, Giri SC, Goswami C. Light and electron microscopic study of mature spermatozoa from White Pekin duck (Anas platyrhynchos): an ultrastructural and molecular analysis. Andrology 2016; 4:232-44. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar Majhi
- School of Biological Sciences; National Institute of Science Education and Research; Bhubaneswar India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- School of Biological Sciences; National Institute of Science Education and Research; Bhubaneswar India
| | - Manoj Yadav
- School of Biological Sciences; National Institute of Science Education and Research; Bhubaneswar India
| | | | - Apratim Maity
- Department of Biochemistry; OVC; Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology; Bhubaneswar India
| | | | - Chandan Goswami
- School of Biological Sciences; National Institute of Science Education and Research; Bhubaneswar India
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19
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Chen H, Sun J, He Y, Zou Q, Wu Q, Tang Y. Expression and localization of testis developmental related gene 1 (TDRG1) in human spermatozoa. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2015; 235:103-9. [PMID: 25749352 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.235.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Testis-specific proteins, synthesized during spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis, are necessary for spermatid differentiation and/or for mature sperm function during fertilization. However, majority of these genes have neither been identified nor fully characterized. Testis developmental related gene 1 (TDRG1), a newly identified human testis-specific gene, encodes a 100-amino-acid protein without any characterized protein domains, and it may play a role in spermatogenesis. However, whether this human-specific protein is important for mature sperm function remains unclear. As an initial effort, in this study, we aimed to systematically investigate the expression and localization of TDRG1 in normal human spermatozoa. Thus, immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the distribution of TDRG1 in human testis. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis and indirect immunofluorescence were used to determine the expression and localization of TDRG1 in normal human spermatozoa. The immunohistochemistry results showed that the TDRG1 protein was expressed in spermatogenic cells in the seminiferous tubules of human testis. Interestingly, the TDRG1 was more abundant in spermatogenic cells at the late stages of spermatogenesis. The TDRG1 antibody specifically recognized an 11-kDa protein only in soluble extracts from normal human spermatozoa. Indirect immunofluorescence assays indicated that TDRG1 located in the midpiece, principal piece and flagellum of normal human spermatozoa. In conclusion, TDRG1 was found not only in spermatogonia, but also in spermatozoa. The localization of TDRG1 in human normal spermatozoa implies its potential regulatory role in sperm motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houyang Chen
- Reproductive Medical Center, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, P.R., China
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20
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Abstract
Sperm motility is driven by motile cytoskeletal elements in the tail, called axonemes. The structure of axonemes consists of 9 + 2 microtubules, molecular motors (dyneins), and their regulatory structures. Axonemes are well conserved in motile cilia and flagella through eukaryotic evolution. Deficiency in the axonemal structure causes defects in sperm motility, and often leads to male infertility. It has been known since the 1970s that, in some cases, male infertility is linked with other symptoms or diseases such as Kartagener syndrome. Given that these links are mostly caused by deficiencies in the common components of cilia and flagella, they are called "immotile cilia syndrome" or "primary ciliary dyskinesia," or more recently, "ciliopathy," which includes deficiencies in primary and sensory cilia. Here, we review the structure of the sperm flagellum and epithelial cilia in the human body, and discuss how male fertility is linked to ciliopathy.
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21
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Peña FJ, Plaza Davila M, Ball BA, Squires EL, Martin Muñoz P, Ortega Ferrusola C, Balao da Silva C. The Impact of Reproductive Technologies on Stallion Mitochondrial Function. Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 50:529-37. [PMID: 26031351 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The traditional assessment of stallion sperm comprises evaluation of sperm motility and membrane integrity and identification of abnormal morphology of the spermatozoa. More recently, the progressive introduction of flow cytometry is increasing the number of tests available. However, compared with other sperm structures and functions, the evaluation of mitochondria has received less attention in stallion andrology. Recent research indicates that sperm mitochondria are key structures in sperm function suffering major changes during biotechnological procedures such as cryopreservation. In this paper, mitochondrial structure and function will be reviewed in the stallion, when possible specific stallion studies will be discussed, and general findings on mammalian mitochondrial function will be argued when relevant. Especial emphasis will be put on their role as source of reactive oxygen species and in their role regulating sperm lifespan, a possible target to investigate with the aim to improve the quality of frozen-thawed stallion sperm. Later on, the impact of current sperm technologies, principally cryopreservation, on mitochondrial function will be discussed pointing out novel areas of research interest with high potential to improve current sperm technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Peña
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.,Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - M Plaza Davila
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - B A Ball
- Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - E L Squires
- Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - P Martin Muñoz
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - C Ortega Ferrusola
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - C Balao da Silva
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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