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Hwang H, Lee YJ. Community Social Capital, Racial Diversity, and Philanthropic Resource Mobilization in the Time of a Pandemic. CITY & COMMUNITY 2023; 22:22-47. [PMID: 37038511 PMCID: PMC10076987 DOI: 10.1177/15356841221119181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Using the county-level data of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic in the United States, we test the relationship between communities' social capital and philanthropic resource mobilization during a pandemic and how this relationship is moderated by the racial diversity and the severity of the pandemic in the community. The analysis suggests that the collective monetary contributions to frontline nonprofits responding to pandemics are closely related to the level of social capital in the community. The results also reveal that the positive relationship between social capital and resource mobilization is reinforced in racially diverse communities and when communities are affected by pandemics more severely. Our findings suggest that building inclusive communities by embracing diverse racial groups and individuals will contribute to communities' resilience to pandemics and other disasters.
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Buhendwa M, Sliep Y, Mchunu GG, Nxumalo CT. Exploring the Influence of Social Capital on HIV Prevention with Migrants from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) Living in Durban, South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:618. [PMID: 36612938 PMCID: PMC9819981 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Background: Research shows a growing attentiveness to the role of social and environmental influences on HIV risk behaviours. Moreover, the understanding of HIV risk behaviours has moved from an earlier consideration of individual risk, to ecological models, with the understanding that behaviours are rooted in the economic, environmental and social structure. Aim: To explore how social capital, specifically on a social bonding level, operates as a risk or protective factor for the spread of HIV among French-speaking migrants from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), living in Durban, South Africa. Methods: A qualitative approach using a case study design was used to conduct the study. Data were collected through focus group discussions and individual in-depth interviews from a purposive sample of French-speaking migrants from DRC, living in Durban, South Africa. Ethical approval to conduct the study was obtained from the University of KwaZulu-Natal's Human and Social Science Research Ethics' Committee. Data were analysed thematically using Creswell's steps of data analysis. Results: This study found that social capital can act as both a protective factor in certain circumstances, and a risk factor in others. Trust, norms, reciprocity and social networks are complex elements in the refugee community and are influenced by a myriad of factors including the past and present stressors that are prevalent within this community. Conclusions: The findings confirm the complexity of issues related to HIV prevention which necessitate policy and practice interventions to mitigate consequences that may result from the higher risks of HIV transmission in this community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulumeoderhwa Buhendwa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Ritson Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Yvonne Sliep
- School of Applied Human Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4140, South Africa
| | - Gugu Gladness Mchunu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Ritson Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
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Lu Q, Chang A, Yu G, Yang Y, Schulz PJ. Social capital and health information seeking in China. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1525. [PMID: 35948901 PMCID: PMC9364581 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13895-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background People’s potentials to seek health information can be affected by their social context, such as their social networks and the resources provided through those social networks. In the past decades, the concept of social capital has been widely used in the health realm to indicate people’s social context. However, not many such studies were conducted in China. Chinese society has its special quality that many Western societies lack: people traditionally render strong value to family relations and rely heavily on strong social ties in their social life. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the association between different types of social capital and health information-seeking behavior (HISB) in the Chinese context. The different types of social capital were primarily bonding and bridging, as well as cognitive and structural ones. Methods Our analysis is based on a total of 3090 cases taken from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) – China, 2017. Dataset was weighted due to the overrepresentation of female respondents and hierarchical multiple regression analyses as well as binary logistic regression tests were operated to examine the associations between people’s social capital and their HISB. Results Some aspects of social capital emerged as positive predictors of HISB: information support (standing in for the cognitive component of social capital) promoted health information seeking, organization memberships (standing in for the structural component) encouraged cancer information seeking, and both the use of the internet and of traditional media for gaining health information were positively linked with bridging networks and organization memberships. Bonding networks (structural component) were not correlated with any other of the key variables and emotional support (cognitive social capital) was consistently associated with all health information-seeking indicators negatively. Conclusions Social capital demonstrated significant and complex relationships with HISB in China. Structural social capital generally encouraged HISB in China, especially the bridging aspects including bridging networks and organization memberships. On the other hand, emotional support as cognitive social capital damaged people’s initiatives in seeking health-related information. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13895-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianfeng Lu
- Faculty of Communication, Culture and Society, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Via Buffi 13, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Angela Chang
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Guoming Yu
- School of Journalism and Communication, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Yang
- School of Journalism and Communication, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Peter J Schulz
- Faculty of Communication, Culture and Society, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Via Buffi 13, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland. .,Department of Communication & Media, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Ferrer-Urbina R, Sepúlveda-Páez GL, Henríquez DT, Acevedo-Castillo DI, Llewellyn-Alvarado DA. Development and validity evidence of the multidimensional scale of sexual self-concept in a Spanish-speaking context. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 32:22. [PMID: 32027012 PMCID: PMC6966990 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-019-0136-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE STIs and HIV/AIDS are an important public health problem, transmitted by risky sex behaviours. In this context, it is necessary to identify protective factors, of those behaviours, as sexual self-concept. Sexual self-concept is a multidimensional trait (i.e. sexual self-esteem; sexual self-efficacy; and sexual assertiveness), but, in an extensive review, we did not find any measure to assess this multidimensional construct in a Spanish-speaking context. The objective of this research is development a scale to assess sexual self-concept in young people and adults. METHOD Time-space sampling with a total size of 792 participants, coming from the two Chilean cities (i.e. Arica and Iquique) with the highest HIV rates, aged between 17 and 53 years old (ME = 23.42; SD = 6.33), with 66.2% women (N = 500), 33.6% men (N = 258). RESULTS Final scale has 16 items and 4 dimensions: sexual self-esteem, sexual self-efficacy, assertive sexual communication, and assertive sexual behaviour. The identified structure provides satisfactory levels of reliability (ω > .8) and presents robust evidence of validity, based on the internal structure of the test, using ESEM (RMSEA = .060; CFI = .99; TLI = .98), evidence of validity based on relationship to other variables (i.e. risky sexual behaviour) and measurement invariance between men and women. CONCLUSIONS The multidimensional scale of sexual self-concept has adequate psychometric properties to assess sexual self-concept in equivalent samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Ferrer-Urbina
- Escuela de Psicología y Filosofía, Universidad de Tarapacá, 18 de septiembre #2222, Arica, Chile.
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Rodgers J, Valuev AV, Hswen Y, Subramanian SV. Social capital and physical health: An updated review of the literature for 2007-2018. Soc Sci Med 2019; 236:112360. [PMID: 31352315 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Social capital is frequently indicated as a determinant of population health. Despite an increase in the frequency of public health studies including such measures, our understanding of social capital's effects on health remains unclear. In 2008, a systematic review of the "first decade" of research on social capital and health was published in the textbook Social Capital and Health. Our study intends to update and expand upon this original review to account for developments in the literature over the second decade of research on social capital and health. METHODS We employed a systematic review of empirical studies investigating the relationship between measures of social capital and physical health outcomes published between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2018. To identify potential studies, we conducted searches of PubMed, Embase, and PsychINFO databases in January 2019 using combinations of "social capital" and "physical health" search terms. RESULTS We identified 1,608 unique articles and reviewed 145 studies meeting our inclusion criteria. The most frequently examined health condition was self-reported health (57%), followed by mortality (12%), cardiovascular diseases (10%), obesity (7%), diabetes (6%), infectious diseases (5%), and cancers (3%). Of these studies, 127 (88%) reported at least partial support for a protective association between social capital and health. However, only 41 (28%) reported exclusively positive findings. The majority (59%) of results were mixed, suggesting a nuanced relationship between social capital and health. This finding could also be indicative of differences in study design, which showed substantial variation. CONCLUSIONS Despite limitations in the literature, our review chronicles an evolution in the field of social capital and health in terms of size and sophistication. Overall, these studies suggest that social capital may be an important protective factor for some physical health outcomes, but further research is needed to confirm and clarify these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Rodgers
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard University, 310 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Anna V Valuev
- Department of Global Health and Health Policy, Harvard University, 14 Story Street Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Yulin Hswen
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard University, 310 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - S V Subramanian
- Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard University, 9 Bow Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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Joshi RK, Mehendale SM. Determinants of consistently high HIV prevalence in Indian Districts: A multi-level analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216321. [PMID: 31063471 PMCID: PMC6504102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Factors associated with persistently high Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) prevalence levels in several districts of India are not well understood. This study was undertaken to determine the association of socio-demographic characteristics, economic factors, awareness about HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), and condom use with consistently high HIV prevalence in the Indian districts and to ascertain whether these associations differed across various regions of India. Methods This study was carried out including all 640 districts of India. Secondary analysis of data obtained from the Census of India-2011, HIV Sentinel Surveillance in India and District Level Household Survey-III was done. Population profile, socio-economic characteristics, levels of HIV/STI/condom awareness and condom use, were compared between the districts with and without consistently high HIV prevalence. Due to the presence of collinearity among predictor variables, we used principal component analysis and the principal component scores were included as covariates for further analysis. Considering the districts at level 1 and the regions at level 2, multi-level analysis was done by generalised linear mixed models. Variance partition coefficient and median odds ratio were also calculated. Results Sixty-three districts with consistently high HIV prevalence were found clustered in the South and the North-east regions of India. Population size, density and urbanisation were found to be positively associated with consistently high HIV prevalence in these districts. Higher levels of literacy, better socio-economic status, higher proportion of population in reproductive age group and late marriages were positively associated with consistently high HIV prevalence in all regions of India except in the Southern region. Higher levels of knowledge about the role of condoms in HIV prevention and condom use were associated with low HIV prevalence at the district level. Conclusions Considerable heterogeneity among factors associated with consistently high HIV prevalence at the district level in different regions of India necessitates special region-specific strategies for HIV control. Increasing awareness about HIV alone is not sufficient for controlling the HIV epidemic and there is a need to raise knowledge levels about preventive measures against HIV and promote the use of condoms amongst population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajneesh Kumar Joshi
- Symbiosis International University, Pune, India
- National AIDS Research Institute (ICMR), Pune, India
- * E-mail:
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Xie F, Zheng H, Huang L, Yuan Z, Lu Y. Social Capital Associated with Quality of Life among People Living with HIV/AIDS in Nanchang, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E276. [PMID: 30669364 PMCID: PMC6352181 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: This study aims to explore the relationship between quality of life (QOL) and social capital factors among "people living with HIV/AIDS" (PLWHA), in order to improve their quality of life and help them to release AIDS discrimination. Methods: A cross-sectional survey with 225 PLWHA was done in Nanchang, China, between January and June of 2015. Questionnaires consisted of a socio-demographic questionnaire, Personal Social Capital Scale and Medical Outcomes Study HIV Health Survey. To identify social capital factors influencing QOL among PLWHA, t-test and multiple linear regression were used as statistical tools. The analysis of data was conducted using SPSS 22.0 with a significant value of p < 0.05. Results: The scores of total social capital, bonding social capital and bridging social capital were 23.68 ± 5.55, 14.11 ± 3.40 and 9.46 ± 3.43 respectively. The scores of Physical Health Summary (PHS) and Mental Health Summary (MHS) were 51.88 ± 7.04 and 49.29 ± 6.60. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age (B = -0.137, p = 0.020), income (B = 0.2170, p ≤ 0.001), employment (B = 0.112, p = 0.043) and bonding social capital (B = 0.178, p = 0.001) had significant effects on PHS. Bonding social capital was the most important influencing factor for MHS (B = 0.506, p < 0.001). There was no significant relationship between bridging social capital and QOL (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The PLWHA community has low social capital and a poor QOL in Nanchang. Bonding social capital had a positive impact on the QOL of PLWHA. There is an urgent need to build a better social support system based on bonding social capital for PLWHA. It is worth further exploring to identify how to make full use of bridging social capital for improving QOL among PLWHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xie
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Huilie Zheng
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Ling Huang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
- Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Pudong New District, Shanghai 200136, China.
| | - Zhaokang Yuan
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Yuanan Lu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
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Crowell TA, Baral SD, Schwartz S, Nowak RG, Kokogho A, Adebajo S, Keshinro B, Makanjuola O, Michael NL, Robb ML, Charurat ME, Ake JA. Time to change the paradigm: limited condom and lubricant use among Nigerian men who have sex with men and transgender women despite availability and counseling. Ann Epidemiol 2018; 31:11-19.e3. [PMID: 30642695 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study characterized availability and uptake of condoms and condom-compatible lubricants (CCLs) at community-engaged condom education and distribution programs serving cisgender men who have sex with men and transgender women in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria. METHODS Condoms and water-based CCLs were freely available to participants in the TRUST/RV368 cohort. Factors associated with their consistent use were assessed using Poisson regression with robust error variance to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS From March 2013-November 2017, 2090 cisgender men who have sex with men and transgender women enrolled with HIV prevalence 40.4% and incidence 12.8 cases per 100 person-years. Fifteen months after enrollment, the proportion who reported consistent condom and CCL use increased during receptive anal sex (21.7%-67.1%, P < .001) and insertive anal sex (25.4%-67.8%, P < .001). Multivariable analyses demonstrated independent impact of 15 months in care on uptake during both receptive (RR 2.62 [95% CI 2.29-3.00]) and insertive (RR 2.27 [95% CI 2.01-2.57]) sex. CONCLUSIONS Engagement in care improved condom and CCL uptake over time but inconsistent use remained common. Novel approaches to further increase uptake must be pursued alongside complementary strategies, such as sustained access to antiretroviral therapy for those living with HIV and provision of pre and postexposure prophylaxis for those at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor A Crowell
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD.
| | - Stefan D Baral
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sheree Schwartz
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Rebecca G Nowak
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Afoke Kokogho
- HJF Medical Research International, Abuja, Nigeria; U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate - Africa/Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - Babajide Keshinro
- HJF Medical Research International, Abuja, Nigeria; U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate - Africa/Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - Nelson L Michael
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD
| | - Merlin L Robb
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD
| | - Manhattan E Charurat
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Julie A Ake
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
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Lippman SA, Leddy AM, Neilands TB, Ahern J, MacPhail C, Wagner RG, Peacock D, Twine R, Goin DE, Gómez‐Olivé FX, Selin A, Tollman SM, Kahn K, Pettifor A. Village community mobilization is associated with reduced HIV incidence in young South African women participating in the HPTN 068 study cohort. J Int AIDS Soc 2018; 21 Suppl 7:e25182. [PMID: 30334377 PMCID: PMC6192897 DOI: 10.1002/jia2.25182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in South Africa bear a disproportionate burden of HIV. Community mobilization (CM), defined as community members taking collective action to achieve a common goal related to health, equity and rights, has been associated with increased HIV testing and condom use and has been called a 'critical enabler' for addressing the HIV epidemic. However, limited research has examined whether CM is associated with HIV incidence among AGYW. METHODS We examine the association of CM with incident HIV among AGYW (ages 13 to 21) enrolled in the HPTN 068 cohort in the Agincourt Health and socio-Demographic Surveillance System, South Africa. This analysis includes 2292 participants residing in 26 villages where cross-sectional, population-based surveys were conducted to measure CM among 18- to 35-year-old residents in 2012 and 2014. HPTN 068 participants completed up to five annual visits that included an HIV test (2011 to 2016). Household-level data were collected from AGYW parents/guardians and census data is updated annually. Mean village-level CM scores were created using a validated community mobilization measure with seven components (social cohesion, social control, critical consciousness, shared concerns, organizations and networks, leadership and collective action). We used pooled generalized estimating equation regression with a Poisson distribution to estimate risk ratios (RR) for the association of village-level CM score and CM components with incident HIV infection, accounting for village-level clustering and adjusting for key covariates. RESULTS There were 194 incident infections over the follow-up period. For every additional standard deviation of village-level CM there was 12% lower HIV incidence (RR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.79, 0.98) after adjusting for individual, household and community characteristics. CM components associated with lower HIV incidence included critical consciousness (RR: 0.88; CI: 0.79, 0.97) and leadership (RR: 0.87; CI: 0.79, 0.95); while not statistically significant, social cohesion (RR: 0.91; CI: 0.81, 1.01), shared concerns (RR: 0.90; CI: 0.81, 1.00), and organizations and networks (RR: 0.91; CI: 0.79, 1.03) may also play a protective role. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that having strong community social resources will reduce AGYW's risk of HIV acquisition. Work to mobilize communities, focusing on building social cohesion, shared concerns, critical consciousness, and effective and accountable leadership, can fortify prevention programming for AGYW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheri A Lippman
- Center for AIDS Prevention StudiesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt)School of Public HealthFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Anna M Leddy
- Center for AIDS Prevention StudiesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Torsten B Neilands
- Center for AIDS Prevention StudiesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Jennifer Ahern
- Division of EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthUniversity of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - Catherine MacPhail
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt)School of Public HealthFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
- School of Health and SocietyUniversity of WollongongWollongongNSWAustralia
- Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Research InstituteUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Ryan G Wagner
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt)School of Public HealthFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
- Division of Epidemiology and Global HealthDepartment of Public Health and Clinical MedicineUmeå Centre for Global Health ResearchUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Dean Peacock
- Sonke Gender JusticeCape TownSouth Africa
- School of Public HealthUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Rhian Twine
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt)School of Public HealthFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Dana E Goin
- Division of EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthUniversity of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - F Xavier Gómez‐Olivé
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt)School of Public HealthFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Amanda Selin
- Gillings School of Global Public HealthUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Stephen M Tollman
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt)School of Public HealthFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
- Division of Epidemiology and Global HealthDepartment of Public Health and Clinical MedicineUmeå Centre for Global Health ResearchUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- INDEPTH NetworkAccraGhana
| | - Kathleen Kahn
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt)School of Public HealthFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
- Division of Epidemiology and Global HealthDepartment of Public Health and Clinical MedicineUmeå Centre for Global Health ResearchUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Audrey Pettifor
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt)School of Public HealthFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
- Gillings School of Global Public HealthUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
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Ransome Y, Thurber KA, Swen M, Crawford ND, German D, Dean LT. Social capital and HIV/AIDS in the United States: Knowledge, gaps, and future directions. SSM Popul Health 2018; 5:73-85. [PMID: 29892697 PMCID: PMC5991916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Social capital is a well-established predictor of several behavioral health outcomes. However, we know less about the relationship with prevention, transmission, and treatment of HIV/AIDS outcomes in the United States (US). Methods In 2017, we conducted a scoping review of empirical studies investigating the relationships between social capital and HIV/AIDS in the US by searching PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Sociological Abstracts with no restriction on publication date, for articles in English language. Sample search terms included: HIV infections OR HIV OR AIDS OR acquired immunodeficiency syndrome OR human immunodeficiency virus AND social capital OR social control, informal OR social participation OR social cohesion OR generalized trust OR social trust OR collective efficacy OR community mob* OR civic participation. Results We identified 1581 unique manuscripts and reviewed 13 based on eligibility criteria. The earliest eligible study was published in 2003. More than half (n=7/13) focused on HIV or AIDS diagnosis, then prescribing ART and/or adherence (n=5/13), then linkage and or engagement in HIV care (n=4/13). Fifty eight percent (58%) documented a protective association between at least one social capital measure and an HIV/AIDS outcome. Seven studies used validated social capital scales, however there was substantial variation in conceptual/operational definitions and measures used. Most studies were based on samples from the Northeast. Three studies directly focused on or stratified analyses among subgroups or key populations. Studies were cross-sectional, so causal inference is unknown. Conclusion Our review suggests that social capital may be an important determinant of HIV/AIDS prevention, transmission, and treatment outcomes. We recommend future research assess these associations using qualitative and mixed-methods approaches, longitudinally, examine differences across subgroups and geographic region, include a wider range of social capital constructs, and examine indicators beyond HIV diagnosis, as well as how mechanisms like stigma link social capital to HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Ransome
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, LEPH Rm 403, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Katherine A. Thurber
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Melody Swen
- Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Natalie D. Crawford
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Danielle German
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lorraine T. Dean
- Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Stahlman S, Beyrer C, Sullivan PS, Mayer KH, Baral SD. Engagement of Gay Men and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) in the Response to HIV: A Critical Step in Achieving an AIDS-Free Generation. AIDS Behav 2016; 20:330-340. [PMID: 27048235 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-016-1388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Men who have sex with men (MSM) continue to be at elevated risk for HIV acquisition and transmission secondary to biological and behavioral characteristics, social and sexual network characteristics, community environmental factors, and structural factors. HIV incidence rates remain high among MSM in both low- and high-income settings, and in both concentrated and more generalized HIV epidemic settings. While data quality tends to be poorer, the best estimates collectively suggest that MSM have up to 20 times the odds of living with HIV as compared to other reproductive aged adults across low- and middle-income countries. Recent prevention strategies to lower biological HIV transmission and acquisition risks, including the early use of antiretrovirals to decrease infectiousness for those living with HIV, and pre-exposure prophylaxis for those at significant risk of HIV acquisition, have demonstrated the potential to change the trajectory of the HIV epidemics among MSM. However, the coverage and effectiveness of these approaches is limited by structural factors including the punitive legal frameworks and institutional discrimination that contribute to limited uptake, challenges to adherence, and suboptimal health-seeking behaviors among MSM. More intensive efforts will be required to reach MSM who do not currently have access to relevant and effective prevention and treatment services or elect not to access these services given enacted and/or perceived stigma. Respect for human rights, including efforts to aggressively confront and combat the forms of stigma that are preventing us from achieving an AIDS-Free generation, are needed for all people including gay men and other MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shauna Stahlman
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Chris Beyrer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Patrick S Sullivan
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Kenneth H Mayer
- Fenway Health, The Fenway Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefan D Baral
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Mizuno S, Nishigori H, Sugiyama T, Takahashi F, Iwama N, Watanabe Z, Sakurai K, Ishikuro M, Obara T, Tatsuta N, Nishijima I, Fujiwara I, Arima T, Kuriyama S, Metoki H, Nakai K, Inadera H, Yaegashi N. Association between social capital and the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus: An interim report of the Japan Environment and Children's Study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2016; 120:132-41. [PMID: 27544908 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social capital is generally defined as the quality and frequency of social interactions with relatives, neighbors, and society. Social capital refers to broad concepts of social interactions and structures in individuals, communities and societies such as trust (e.g., neighborhood trust, which is social cohesion with neighbors) and social support (e.g., emotional support, which is the level of the feeling of being loved). Studies during the last few decades have shown that there is a significant inverse association between social capital and the prevalences of diseases such as depression and acute coronary syndrome. Significant inverse associations between trust, social support and the prevalence of diabetes have also been shown. However, associations between social capital and the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are less clear. METHODS We used the primary dataset of the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS), including 10,228 mothers with recorded obstetric outcomes from January to December 2011. In this study, we included 8874 the 10,228 participants. Diagnosis of GDM was determined using the criteria of the Japan Diabetes Society (JDS). The quality and quantity of social capital were measured with nine questions on a self-administered questionnaire during the second or third trimester. Using principal component analysis (PCA), we distinguished the following three components (indices) of social capital: (A) index of all nine questions about social capital, (B) index of emotional support and neighborhood trust and (C) index of generalized trust. The high factor loading variants of indices were as follows; (A) all nine variants, (B) five variants about emotional support and neighborhood trust and (C) two variants about generalized trust. Multivariate random effect modeling was used to calculate the odd ratios (ORs) for evaluating the association between these indices of social capital and the prevalence of GDM. This model was adjusted for baseline characteristics such as family income, BMI before pregnancy and smoking during pregnancy. RESULTS Of the 8874 participants, 204 women developed GDM (2.30%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that index B, the index of emotional support and neighborhood trust (adjusted OR: 0.651, 95% CI: 0.429, 0.987) was significantly and independently associated with the prevalence of GDM. CONCLUSIONS We found that the 5-question index of emotional support and neighborhood trust is significantly associated with the prevalence of GDM during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Mizuno
- Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8573, Japan; Department of Health Record Informatics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Hidekazu Nishigori
- Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8573, Japan; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Takashi Sugiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Takahashi
- Clinical Research, Innovation and Education Center, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Iwama
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Zen Watanabe
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Kasumi Sakurai
- Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8573, Japan
| | - Mami Ishikuro
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Taku Obara
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Nozomi Tatsuta
- Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8573, Japan
| | - Ichiko Nishijima
- Department of Biobank, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ikuma Fujiwara
- Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8573, Japan
| | - Takahiro Arima
- Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8573, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kuriyama
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hirohito Metoki
- Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Nakai
- Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8573, Japan
| | - Hidekuni Inadera
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Nobuo Yaegashi
- Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8573, Japan; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan; Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
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Aves T, Kredo T, Welch V, Mursleen S, Ross S, Zani B, Motaze NV, Quinlan L, Mbuagbaw L. Equity issues were not fully addressed in Cochrane human immunodeficiency virus systematic reviews. J Clin Epidemiol 2016; 81:96-100. [PMID: 27693883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe and summarize equity reporting in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) systematic reviews and explore the extent to which equity issues are addressed and reported in HIV reviews using the PROGRESS Plus framework. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING Application of the PROGRESS Plus framework to a bibliometric analysis of HIV reviews in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. RESULTS The analysis included 103 reviews published as of March 2014, with a median of five studies per review (first quartile; Q1 = 2; third quartile; Q3 = 11). Reporting of PROGRESS Plus factors was as follows: Place of residence (low, middle, and high income; 55.3%), place of residence (urban or rural; 24.3%), race or ethnicity (20.4%), occupation (10.7%), gender (65.0%), religion (1.9%), education (7.8%), socioeconomic position (10.7%), social networks and capital (1.0%), age (1.9%), and sexual orientation (3.8%). CONCLUSION Gaps in the reporting of relevant equity indicators were identified within Cochrane HIV systematic review indicating that research is not consistently conducted through an equity lens. There is a need to incorporate PROGRESS Plus factors into both primary and secondary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Aves
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1; Biostatistics Unit, Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Centre, St Joseph's Healthcare, 50 Charlton Ave E, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 4A6
| | - Tamara Kredo
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, PO Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Vivian Welch
- Centre for Global Health, Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, 43 Bruyère St, Annex E, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 5C8
| | - Sara Mursleen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
| | - Stephanie Ross
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
| | - Babalwa Zani
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, PO Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Centre for Evidence-Based Health Care, Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 241, Cape Town 800, South Africa
| | - Nkengafac Villyen Motaze
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, PO Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Centre for Evidence-Based Health Care, Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 241, Cape Town 800, South Africa
| | - Leah Quinlan
- Bruyère Continuing Care, Bruyère Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 43 Bruyère Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 5C8
| | - Lawrence Mbuagbaw
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1; Biostatistics Unit, Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Centre, St Joseph's Healthcare, 50 Charlton Ave E, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 4A6.
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Grover E, Grosso A, Ketende S, Kennedy C, Fonner V, Adams D, Sithole B, Mnisi Z, Maziya SL, Baral S. Social cohesion, social participation and HIV testing among men who have sex with men in Swaziland. AIDS Care 2016; 28:795-804. [PMID: 26824888 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2015.1131971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Social cohesion and social participation are social factors that may help reduce HIV risks and optimize health-seeking behaviors. We examined the association between these factors and HIV testing in the last 12 months among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Swaziland using a cross-sectional survey conducted with 326 men, 18 years of age or older reporting having sex with another man in the last 12 months. Social capital analyses included measures of social cohesion and social participation. The social cohesion measurement scale was created through exploratory factor analysis using polychoric correlations to determine unidimensionality and Cronbach's Alpha to assess internal consistency. The measurement scale was divided at the 25th and 75th percentiles using "high," "medium" and "low" levels of social cohesion for between-group comparisons. The social participation index included four questions regarding participation, resulting in a participation index ranging from 0 to 4. In the final multivariate logistic regression model, an increase in the level of social participation was found to be significantly associated with HIV testing in the last 12 months, adjusting for age, income, reporting a casual partner, family exclusion and rejection by other MSM due to sexual orientation (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-1.7, p < .01). MSM with high social cohesion had almost twice the odds of HIV testing in the last 12 months (aOR: 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-3.3, p < .05) as MSM with medium social cohesion, though the overall social cohesion variable was not found to be significant using a Wald test in either the adjusted or unadjusted logistic regression models. These data suggest that building solidarity and trust within and between groups may be a strategy to improve uptake of HIV testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Grover
- a Key Populations Program, Department of Epidemiology , Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Ashley Grosso
- a Key Populations Program, Department of Epidemiology , Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Sosthenes Ketende
- a Key Populations Program, Department of Epidemiology , Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Caitlin Kennedy
- b Department of International Health , Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Virginia Fonner
- c Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , SC , USA
| | - Darrin Adams
- a Key Populations Program, Department of Epidemiology , Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | | | - Zandile Mnisi
- e Swaziland National AIDS Program , Mbabane , Swaziland
| | | | - Stefan Baral
- a Key Populations Program, Department of Epidemiology , Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , MD , USA
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15
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Semali IA, Leyna GH, Mmbaga EJ, Tengia-Kessy A. Social Capital as a Determinant of Pregnant Mother's Place of Delivery: Experience from Kongwa District in Central Tanzania. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138887. [PMID: 26426538 PMCID: PMC4591118 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maternal ill health contributes highly to the global burden of diseases in countries South of Sahara including Tanzania. Ensuring that all deliveries take place in health facilities and hence attended by skilled health personnel is one of the strategies advocated by global and national policies, including the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). However, the number of women delivered by skilled health personnel has remained low in sub Saharan Africa despite of a number of interventions. We sought to determine the role of social capital in facilitating health facility delivery. METHODS We randomly selected 744 households with children aged less than five years from two randomly selected wards in a rural area in Tanzania. Mothers were enquired about place of delivery of the last child. Social capital was assessed using a modified questionnaire with both structural and cognitive aspects of social capital, administered in face-to-face interviews. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to develop asocial capital index measure. Uni-variate and multivariable regression models were run using STATA 12. RESULTS Majority (85.9%) of the mothers reported to have delivered in a health facility during their last birth. Compared to the lowest social capital quintile, delivering in a health facility increased significantly with increase in social capital level: low (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 2.9; Confidence Interval (CI): 1.4-6.1, p = 0.004); moderate (AOR = 5.5, CI: 2.3-13.3, p-value<0.001); high (AOR = 4.7; CI: 1.9-11.6, p-value<0.001) and highest (AOR = 5.6, CI: 2.4-13.4, p-value<0.001) and χ2-test for the trend was significant (χ2 = 17.21, p<0.001). CONCLUSION Overall, social capital seems to play an important role in enhancing health facility delivery that may lead to improved maternal and child health. Concerted efforts should focus on promoting and supporting effective social capital and in particular cognitive social capital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocent Antony Semali
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of public Health and Social sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Germana Henry Leyna
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of public Health and Social sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Elia John Mmbaga
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of public Health and Social sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Anna Tengia-Kessy
- Department of Community Health, School of public Health and Social sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Stahlman S, Grosso A, Ketende S, Sweitzer S, Mothopeng T, Taruberekera N, Nkonyana J, Baral S. Depression and Social Stigma Among MSM in Lesotho: Implications for HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infection Prevention. AIDS Behav 2015; 19:1460-9. [PMID: 25969182 PMCID: PMC4858167 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-015-1094-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Social stigma is common among men who have sex with men (MSM) across Sub-Saharan Africa, and may influence risks for HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) via its association with depression. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 530 MSM in Lesotho accrued via respondent-driven sampling. Using generalized structural equation models we examined associations between stigma, social capital, and depression with condom use and testing positive for HIV/STIs. Depression was positively associated with social stigma experienced or perceived as a result of being MSM. In contrast, increasing levels of social cohesion were negatively associated with depression. Social stigma was associated with testing positive for HIV; however, this association did not appear to be mediated by depression or condom use. These data suggest a need for integrated HIV and mental health care that addresses stigma and discrimination and facilitates positive social support for MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shauna Stahlman
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, E7133, 615 N. Washington St., Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA,
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