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Zhang Z, Mao H, Li F, Wang D, Liu Y. METTL14-mediated lncRNA-FAS-AS1 promotes osteoarthritis progression by up-regulating ADAM8. Int J Rheum Dis 2024; 27:e15323. [PMID: 39221886 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.15323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative disease. We explored the role and regulatory mechanisms of lncRNA-FAS-AS1 in OA progression. METHODS We exposed human immortalized chondrocytes to IL-1β for 24 h to induce an OA cell model. The target molecule levels were assessed using western blot and quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). Cell viability and apoptosis were measured using CCK-8 and flow cytometry. The m6A modification of FAS-AS1 was determined using MeRIP. We examined the binding relationships between FAS-AS1, Fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1), and A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 8 (ADAM8) using RIP and RNA pull-down. The OA animal model was established by separating the medial collateral ligament and medial meniscus. Safranin-O staining and Mankin's scale were employed to evaluate pathological changes within the cartilage. RESULTS FAS-AS1, METTL14, and ADAM8 were upregulated, and the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway was activated in OA mice and IL-1β-induced chondrocytes. FAS-AS1 knockdown inhibited extracellular matrix degradation in IL-1β-induced chondrocytes; however, ADAM8 overexpression reversed this effect. FAS-AS1 maintained the stability of ADAM8 mRNA by recruiting FMR1. METTL14 knockdown repressed FAS-AS1 expression in an m6A-dependent manner. FAS-AS1 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effects of METTL14 knockdown on JAK/STAT3 signaling and cartilage damage in the OA model both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION METTL14-mediated FAS-AS1 promotes OA progression through the FMR1/ADAM8/JAK/STAT3 axis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- ADAM Proteins/metabolism
- ADAM Proteins/genetics
- Adenosine/analogs & derivatives
- Apoptosis
- Arthritis, Experimental/metabolism
- Arthritis, Experimental/genetics
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Cartilage, Articular/metabolism
- Cartilage, Articular/pathology
- Cell Line
- Chondrocytes/metabolism
- Chondrocytes/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Interleukin-1beta/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Methyltransferases/metabolism
- Methyltransferases/genetics
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Osteoarthritis/metabolism
- Osteoarthritis/genetics
- Osteoarthritis/pathology
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/metabolism
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/genetics
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/pathology
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/genetics
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhehua Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia BaoGang Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Honggang Mao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia BaoGang Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Experimental Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia BaoGang Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Dahai Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia BaoGang Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia BaoGang Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
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2
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Miao MZ, Lee JS, Yamada KM, Loeser RF. Integrin signalling in joint development, homeostasis and osteoarthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2024; 20:492-509. [PMID: 39014254 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-024-01130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Integrins are key regulators of cell-matrix interactions during joint development and joint tissue homeostasis, as well as in the development of osteoarthritis (OA). The signalling cascades initiated by the interactions of integrins with a complex network of extracellular matrix (ECM) components and intracellular adaptor proteins orchestrate cellular responses necessary for maintaining joint tissue integrity. Dysregulated integrin signalling, triggered by matrix degradation products such as matrikines, disrupts this delicate balance, tipping the scales towards an environment conducive to OA pathogenesis. The interplay between integrin signalling and growth factor pathways further underscores the multifaceted nature of OA. Moreover, emerging insights into the role of endocytic trafficking in regulating integrin signalling add a new layer of complexity to the understanding of OA development. To harness the therapeutic potential of targeting integrins for mitigation of OA, comprehensive understanding of their molecular mechanisms across joint tissues is imperative. Ultimately, deciphering the complexities of integrin signalling will advance the ability to treat OA and alleviate its global burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Z Miao
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Craniofacial Anomalies and Regeneration Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Janice S Lee
- Craniofacial Anomalies and Regeneration Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth M Yamada
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Richard F Loeser
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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3
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Izda V, Schlupp L, Prinz E, Dyson G, Barrett M, Dunn CM, Nguyen E, Sturdy C, Jeffries MA. Murine cartilage microbial DNA deposition occurs rapidly following the introduction of a gut microbiome and changes with obesity, aging, and knee osteoarthritis. GeroScience 2024; 46:2317-2341. [PMID: 37946009 PMCID: PMC10828335 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-01004-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage microbial DNA patterns have been recently characterized in osteoarthritis (OA). The objectives of this study were to evaluate the gut origins of cartilage microbial DNA, to characterize cartilage microbial changes with age, obesity, and OA in mice, and correlate these to gut microbiome changes. We used 16S rRNA sequencing performed longitudinally on articular knee cartilage from germ-free (GF) mice following oral microbiome inoculation and cartilage and cecal samples from young and old wild-type mice with/without high-fat diet-induced obesity (HFD) and with/without OA induced by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) to evaluate gut and cartilage microbiota. Microbial diversity was assessed, groups compared, and functional metagenomic profiles reconstructed. Findings were confirmed in an independent cohort by clade-specific qPCR. We found that cartilage microbial patterns developed at 48 h and later timepoints following oral microbiome inoculation of GF mice. Alpha diversity was increased in SPF mouse cartilage samples with age (P = 0.013), HFD (P = 5.6E-4), and OA (P = 0.029) but decreased in cecal samples with age (P = 0.014) and HFD (P = 1.5E-9). Numerous clades were altered with aging, HFD, and OA, including increases in Verrucomicrobia in both cartilage and cecal samples. Functional analysis suggested changes in dihydroorotase, glutamate-5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, glutamate-5-kinase, and phosphoribosylamine-glycine ligase, in both cecum and cartilage, with aging, HFD, and OA. In conclusion, cartilage microbial DNA patterns develop rapidly after the introduction of a gut microbiome and change in concert with the gut microbiome during aging, HFD, and OA in mice. DMM-induced OA causes shifts in both cartilage and cecal microbiome patterns independent of other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Izda
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, 825 NE 13th Street, Laboratory MC400, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine, Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leoni Schlupp
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, 825 NE 13th Street, Laboratory MC400, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Emmaline Prinz
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, 825 NE 13th Street, Laboratory MC400, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Gabby Dyson
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, 825 NE 13th Street, Laboratory MC400, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Montana Barrett
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, 825 NE 13th Street, Laboratory MC400, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Christopher M Dunn
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, 825 NE 13th Street, Laboratory MC400, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Emily Nguyen
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, 825 NE 13th Street, Laboratory MC400, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Cassandra Sturdy
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, 825 NE 13th Street, Laboratory MC400, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Matlock A Jeffries
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, 825 NE 13th Street, Laboratory MC400, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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4
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Wang Y, Wu Z, Yan G, Li S, Zhang Y, Li G, Wu C. The CREB1 inhibitor 666-15 maintains cartilage homeostasis and mitigates osteoarthritis progression. Bone Joint Res 2024; 13:4-18. [PMID: 38163445 PMCID: PMC10758301 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.131.bjr-2023-0016.r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims cAMP response element binding protein (CREB1) is involved in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). However, available findings about the role of CREB1 in OA are inconsistent. 666-15 is a potent and selective CREB1 inhibitor, but its role in OA is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the precise role of CREB1 in OA, and whether 666-15 exerts an anti-OA effect. Methods CREB1 activity and expression of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 4 (ADAMTS4) in cells and tissues were measured by immunoblotting and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. The effect of 666-15 on chondrocyte viability and apoptosis was examined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, JC-10, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labelling (TUNEL) staining. The effect of 666-15 on the microstructure of subchondral bone, and the synthesis and catabolism of cartilage, in anterior cruciate ligament transection mice were detected by micro-CT, safranin O and fast green (S/F), immunohistochemical staining, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results CREB1 was hyperactive in osteoarthritic articular cartilage, interleukin (IL)-1β-treated cartilage explants, and IL-1β- or carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP)-treated chondrocytes. 666-15 enhanced cell viability of OA-like chondrocytes and alleviated IL-1β- or CCCP-induced chondrocyte injury through inhibition of mitochondrial dysfunction-associated apoptosis. Moreover, inhibition of CREB1 by 666-15 suppressed expression of ADAMTS4. Additionally, 666-15 alleviated joint degeneration in an ACLT mouse model. Conclusion Hyperactive CREB1 played a critical role in OA development, and 666-15 exerted anti-IL-1β or anti-CCCP effects in vitro as well as joint-protective effects in vivo. 666-15 may therefore be used as a promising anti-OA drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Molecular Orthopedics, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimin Wu
- Department of Molecular Orthopedics, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoqiang Yan
- National Center for Orthopaedics, Animal Laboratory, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Molecular Orthopedics, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanzhuo Zhang
- Department of Molecular Orthopedics, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangping Li
- National Center for Orthopaedics, Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengai Wu
- Department of Molecular Orthopedics, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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5
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Zhang YZ, Wei ZJ, Yu SN, Wang XY, Wang Y, Wu CA, Jiang X. Dihydrotanshinone I protects human chondrocytes and alleviates damage from spontaneous osteoarthritis in a guinea pig model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21355. [PMID: 38049518 PMCID: PMC10696037 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48902-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease. Currently, no satisfactory pharmacological treatment exists for OA. The potential anti-inflammatory properties of Dihydrotanshinone I (DHT) have been reported, but its effects on OA are unclear. In this study, we assess the impact of DHT on the viability of human chondrocytes in vitro. We then use a guinea pig model to investigate the effects of DHT on knee osteoarthritis progression. Twelve-week-old Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs spontaneously developing OA were intraperitoneally injected with different doses of DHT for eight weeks. Micro-CT analysis was performed on the subchondral bone in the knee, and histological assessment of the knee joint was done using stained sections, the ratio of hyaline to calcified cartilage, and Mankin scores. DHT successfully restored IL-1β-induced decreases in cell viability in human primary chondrocytes. In the guinea pig model, intraperitoneal injections of DHT ameliorated age-induced OA, effectively reduced the expression level of two cartilage metabolism-related genes (ADAMTS4 and MMP13) and decreased the inflammatory biomarker IL-6 in the serum of guinea pigs developing spontaneous osteoarthritis. These findings demonstrate DHT's protective effects on chondrocytes and suggest that it alleviates cartilage degradation and proteoglycan loss in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Zhuo Zhang
- National Center for Orthopaedics, Department of Molecular Orthopaedics, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100035, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Jie Wei
- National Center for Orthopaedics, Department of Molecular Orthopaedics, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100035, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Nan Yu
- National Center for Orthopaedics, Department of Molecular Orthopaedics, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100035, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yu Wang
- National Center for Orthopaedics, Department of Molecular Orthopaedics, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100035, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- National Center for Orthopaedics, Department of Molecular Orthopaedics, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100035, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Ai Wu
- National Center for Orthopaedics, Department of Molecular Orthopaedics, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100035, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Jiang
- National Center for OrthopaedicsDepartment of Orthopaedics, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100035, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Green J, Tinson RAJ, Betts JHJ, Piras M, Pelut A, Steverding D, Wren SP, Searcey M, Troeberg L. Suramin analogues protect cartilage against osteoarthritic breakdown by increasing levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3 (TIMP-3) in the tissue. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 92:117424. [PMID: 37517101 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative joint disease affecting millions of people worldwide, with no disease-modifying drugs currently available to treat the disease. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3 (TIMP-3) is a potential therapeutic target in osteoarthritis because of its ability to inhibit the catabolic metalloproteinases that drive joint damage by degrading the cartilage extracellular matrix. We previously found that suramin inhibits cartilage degradation through its ability to block endocytosis and intracellular degradation of TIMP-3 by low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), and analysis of commercially available suramin analogues indicated the importance of the 1,3,5-trisulfonic acid substitutions on the terminal naphthalene rings for this activity. Here we describe synthesis and structure-activity relationship analysis of additional suramin analogues using ex vivo models of TIMP-3 trafficking and cartilage degradation. This showed that 1,3,6-trisulfonic acid substitution of the terminal naphthalene rings was also effective, and that the protective activity of suramin analogues depended on the presence of a rigid phenyl-containing central region, with para/para substitution of these phenyl rings being most favourable. Truncated analogues lost protective activity. The physicochemical characteristics of suramin and its analogues indicate that approaches such as intra-articular injection would be required to develop them for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Green
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan A J Tinson
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom; School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob H J Betts
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - Monica Piras
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
| | - Aylin Pelut
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - Dietmar Steverding
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen P Wren
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames KT1 2EE, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Searcey
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Troeberg
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom.
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7
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Merle DA, Sen M, Armento A, Stanton CM, Thee EF, Meester-Smoor MA, Kaiser M, Clark SJ, Klaver CCW, Keane PA, Wright AF, Ehrmann M, Ueffing M. 10q26 - The enigma in age-related macular degeneration. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 96:101154. [PMID: 36513584 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite comprehensive research efforts over the last decades, the pathomechanisms of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) remain far from being understood. Large-scale genome wide association studies (GWAS) were able to provide a defined set of genetic aberrations which contribute to disease risk, with the strongest contributors mapping to distinct regions on chromosome 1 and 10. While the chromosome 1 locus comprises factors of the complement system with well-known functions, the role of the 10q26-locus in AMD-pathophysiology remains enigmatic. 10q26 harbors a cluster of three functional genes, namely PLEKHA1, ARMS2 and HTRA1, with most of the AMD-associated genetic variants mapping to the latter two genes. High linkage disequilibrium between ARMS2 and HTRA1 has kept association studies from reliably defining the risk-causing gene for long and only very recently the genetic risk region has been narrowed to ARMS2, suggesting that this is the true AMD gene at this locus. However, genetic associations alone do not suffice to prove causality and one or more of the 14 SNPs on this haplotype may be involved in long-range control of gene expression, leaving HTRA1 and PLEKHA1 still suspects in the pathogenic pathway. Both, ARMS2 and HTRA1 have been linked to extracellular matrix homeostasis, yet their exact molecular function as well as their role in AMD pathogenesis remains to be uncovered. The transcriptional regulation of the 10q26 locus adds an additional level of complexity, given, that gene-regulatory as well as epigenetic alterations may influence expression levels from 10q26 in diseased individuals. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview on the 10q26 locus and its three gene products on various levels of biological complexity and discuss current and future research strategies to shed light on one of the remaining enigmatic spots in the AMD landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Merle
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Department for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany; Department for Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Graz, 8036, Graz, Austria.
| | - Merve Sen
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Department for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Angela Armento
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Department for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Chloe M Stanton
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Eric F Thee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015GD, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015CE, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Magda A Meester-Smoor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015GD, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015CE, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Markus Kaiser
- Center of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Simon J Clark
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Department for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany; Department for Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany; Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015GD, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015CE, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Radboudumc, 6525EX, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pearse A Keane
- Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Alan F Wright
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Michael Ehrmann
- Center of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Marius Ueffing
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Department for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany; Department for Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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8
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Chen YH, Zhang X, Chou CH, Hsueh MF, Attarian D, Li YJ, Kraus VB. Association of Dipeptidylpeptidase 4 (CD26) With Chondrocyte Senescence and Radiographic Progression in Knee Osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2023; 75:1120-1131. [PMID: 36704903 PMCID: PMC10313751 DOI: 10.1002/art.42455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of dipeptidylpeptidase 4 (DPP-4; also known as CD26) with cellular senescence of human cartilage and progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Articular cartilage sections and chondrocytes were acquired from 35 individuals undergoing total knee replacement for OA to evaluate the following: 1) the association between OA severity and established senescence markers (senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and p16), which was quantified using immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry (n = 19 samples); 2) the coexpression of DPP-4 with established senescence markers, which was assessed using flow cytometry; and 3) expression levels of anabolic and catabolic genes, senescence-related genes, and senescence-associated secretory phenotypes in DPP-4+ and DPP-4- cells, which were isolated using fluorescence-activated cell sorting or magnetic-activated cell sorting (n = 16 samples). The concentration of soluble DPP-4 was measured in samples of synovial fluid and samples of plasma from the Prediction of Osteoarthritis Progression cohort and then evaluated for association with the severity of radiographic knee OA at baseline (n = 65 samples) and the progression of structural radiographic OA (n = 57 samples) over a 3-year period. RESULTS DPP-4 expression was associated with higher senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, p16 expression, senescence-related gene and catabolic gene (ADAMTS5, MMP13, IL6, and IL8) expression, higher senescence-associated secretory phenotype secretion, and lower anabolic gene (COL2A1 and ACAN) expression in primary chondrocytes. Synovial fluid DPP-4 concentration was associated with radiographic OA progression (odds ratio 105.32; P = 0.015), proteases (synovial fluid matrix metalloproteinase 1 and matrix metalloproteinase 3), aggrecan degradation (synovial fluid sulfated glycosaminoglycan), indicators of activated macrophages (synovial fluid CD14 and CD163), and inflammation (synovial fluid interleukin-6). CONCLUSION Our study identifies DPP-4 as a key surface marker in senescent chondrocytes and a predictor of radiographic OA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsiu Chen
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Division of Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ching-Heng Chou
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ming-Feng Hsueh
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David Attarian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yi-Ju Li
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Virginia Byers Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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9
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Asmussen NC, Alam S, Lin Z, Cohen DJ, Schwartz Z, Boyan BD. 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 Regulates microRNA Packaging in Extracellular Matrix Vesicles and Their Release in the Matrix. Calcif Tissue Int 2023; 112:493-511. [PMID: 36840756 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01067-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Growth plate chondrocytes are regulated by numerous factors and hormones as they mature during endochondral bone formation, including transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFb1), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IFG1), parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTH, PTHrP), and Indian hedgehog (IHH). Chondrocytes in the growth plate's growth zone (GC) produce and export matrix vesicles (MVs) under the regulation of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1α,25(OH)2D3]. 1α,25(OH)2D3 regulates MV enzyme composition genomically and 1α,25(OH)2D3 secreted by the cells acts on the MV membrane nongenomically, destabilizing it and releasing MV enzymes. This study examined the regulatory role 1α,25(OH)2D3 has over production and packaging of microRNA (miRNA) into MVs by GC cells and the release of miRNA by direct action on MVs. Costochondral cartilage GC cells were treated with 1α,25(OH)2D3 and the miRNA in the cells and MVs sequenced. We also treated MVs with 1α,25(OH)2D3 and determined if the miRNA was released. To assess whether MVs can act directly with chondrocytes and if this is regulated by 1α,25(OH)2D3, we stained MVs with a membrane dye and treated GC cells with them. 1α,25(OH)2D3 regulated production and packaging of a unique population of miRNA into MVs compared to the vehicle control population. 1α,25(OH)2D3 treatment of MVs did not release miRNA. Stained MVs were endocytosed by GC cells and this was increased with 1α,25(OH)2D3 treatment. This study adds new regulatory roles for 1α,25(OH)2D3 with respect to packaging and transport of MV miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels C Asmussen
- School of Integrative Life Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sheikh Alam
- School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Zhao Lin
- School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - David J Cohen
- College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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10
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Naba A. 10 years of extracellular matrix proteomics: Accomplishments, challenges, and future perspectives. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100528. [PMID: 36918099 PMCID: PMC10152135 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex assembly of hundreds of proteins forming the architectural scaffold of multicellular organisms. In addition to its structural role, the ECM conveys signals orchestrating cellular phenotypes. Alterations of ECM composition, abundance, structure, or mechanics, have been linked to diseases and disorders affecting all physiological systems, including fibrosis and cancer. Deciphering the protein composition of the ECM and how it changes in pathophysiological contexts is thus the first step toward understanding the roles of the ECM in health and disease and toward the development of therapeutic strategies to correct disease-causing ECM alterations. Potentially, the ECM also represents a vast, yet untapped reservoir of disease biomarkers. ECM proteins are characterized by unique biochemical properties that have hindered their study: they are large, heavily and uniquely post-translationally modified, and highly insoluble. Overcoming these challenges, we and others have devised mass-spectrometry-based proteomic approaches to define the ECM composition, or "matrisome", of tissues. This review provides a historical overview of ECM proteomics research and presents the latest advances that now allow the profiling of the ECM of healthy and diseased tissues. The second part highlights recent examples illustrating how ECM proteomics has emerged as a powerful discovery pipeline to identify prognostic cancer biomarkers. The third part discusses remaining challenges limiting our ability to translate findings to clinical application and proposes approaches to overcome them. Last, the review introduces readers to resources available to facilitate the interpretation of ECM proteomics datasets. The ECM was once thought to be impenetrable. MS-based proteomics has proven to be a powerful tool to decode the ECM. In light of the progress made over the past decade, there are reasons to believe that the in-depth exploration of the matrisome is within reach and that we may soon witness the first translational application of ECM proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Naba
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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11
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Wilkinson DJ. The serine proteinase HtrA1 is ubiquitous and abundant in osteoarthritic joints, but what is it doing? Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 30:1015-1018. [PMID: 35381345 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David J Wilkinson
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology and Ageing Sciences, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 W Derby St, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK.
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12
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Li Z, Guo W, Zeng T, Yin J, Feng K, Huang T, Cai YD. Detecting Brain Structure-Specific Methylation Signatures and Rules for Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:895181. [PMID: 35585924 PMCID: PMC9108872 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.895181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive disease that leads to irreversible behavioral changes, erratic emotions, and loss of motor skills. These conditions make people with AD hard or almost impossible to take care of. Multiple internal and external pathological factors may affect or even trigger the initiation and progression of AD. DNA methylation is one of the most effective regulatory roles during AD pathogenesis, and pathological methylation alterations may be potentially different in the various brain structures of people with AD. Although multiple loci associated with AD initiation and progression have been identified, the spatial distribution patterns of AD-associated DNA methylation in the brain have not been clarified. According to the systematic methylation profiles on different structural brain regions, we applied multiple machine learning algorithms to investigate such profiles. First, the profile on each brain region was analyzed by the Boruta feature filtering method. Some important methylation features were extracted and further analyzed by the max-relevance and min-redundancy method, resulting in a feature list. Then, the incremental feature selection method, incorporating some classification algorithms, adopted such list to identify candidate AD-associated loci at methylation with structural specificity, establish a group of quantitative rules for revealing the effects of DNA methylation in various brain regions (i.e., four brain structures) on AD pathogenesis. Furthermore, some efficient classifiers based on essential methylation sites were proposed to identify AD samples. Results revealed that methylation alterations in different brain structures have different contributions to AD pathogenesis. This study further illustrates the complex pathological mechanisms of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhanDong Li
- College of Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - KaiYan Feng
- Department of Computer Science, Guangdong AIB Polytechnic College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Dong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Wilkinson DJ, Falconer AMD, Wright HL, Lin H, Yamamoto K, Cheung K, Charlton SH, Arques MDC, Janciauskiene S, Refaie R, Rankin KS, Young DA, Rowan AD. Matrix metalloproteinase-13 is fully activated by neutrophil elastase and inactivates its serpin inhibitor, alpha-1 antitrypsin: Implications for osteoarthritis. FEBS J 2022; 289:121-139. [PMID: 34270864 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) is a uniquely important collagenase that promotes the irreversible destruction of cartilage collagen in osteoarthritis (OA). Collagenase activation is a key control point for cartilage breakdown to occur, yet our understanding of the proteinases involved in this process is limited. Neutrophil elastase (NE) is a well-described proteoglycan-degrading enzyme which is historically associated with inflammatory arthritis, but more recent evidence suggests a potential role in OA. In this study, we investigated the effect of neutrophil elastase on OA cartilage collagen destruction and collagenase activation. Neutrophil elastase induced significant collagen destruction from human OA cartilage ex vivo, in an MMP-dependent manner. In vitro, neutrophil elastase directly and robustly activated pro-MMP-13, and N-terminal sequencing identified cleavage close to the cysteine switch at 72 MKKPR, ultimately resulting in the fully active form with the neo-N terminus of 85 YNVFP. Mole-per-mole, activation was more potent than by MMP-3, a classical collagenase activator. Elastase was detectable in human OA synovial fluid and OA synovia which displayed histologically graded evidence of synovitis. Bioinformatic analyses demonstrated that, compared with other tissues, control cartilage exhibited remarkably high transcript levels of the major elastase inhibitor, (AAT) alpha-1 antitrypsin (gene name SERPINA1), but these were reduced in OA. AAT was located predominantly in superficial cartilage zones, and staining enhanced in regions of cartilage damage. Finally, active MMP-13 specifically inactivated AAT by removal of the serine proteinase cleavage/inhibition site. Taken together, this study identifies elastase as a novel activator of pro-MMP-13 that has relevance for cartilage collagen destruction in OA patients with synovitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Wilkinson
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
- Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Adrian M D Falconer
- Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Helen L Wright
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Hua Lin
- Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Kathleen Cheung
- Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Sarah H Charlton
- Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, UK
| | | | - Sabina Janciauskiene
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Department of Respiratory Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Ramsay Refaie
- Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Kenneth S Rankin
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle Centre for Cancer, UK
| | - David A Young
- Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Andrew D Rowan
- Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, UK
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14
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Tsakanova G, Stepanyan A, Steffensen R, Soghoyan A, Jensenius JC, Arakelyan A. Pattern Recognition Molecules of Lectin Complement Pathway in Ischemic Stroke. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2021; 14:1347-1368. [PMID: 34707385 PMCID: PMC8544564 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s326242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The current study aimed to investigate in an Armenian population the levels of pattern recognition molecules (PRMs) of lectin complement pathway (LCP), MBL (mannan-binding lectin) and M-ficolin in plasma in ischemic stroke (IS), and the possible association of 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MBL2, FCN1 and FCN2 genes. Patients and Methods A total of 122 patients with IS and 150 control subjects were included in this study. Immunofluorometric assays (TRIFMAs) and real-time polymerase chain reactions with TaqMan probes were conducted. Results According to the results, the levels of M-ficolin in IS patients are significantly higher than in control subjects, and the MBL2 rs11003125 and rs12780112 SNPs, as well as MBL2 rs12780112*T and FCN1 rs10120023*T minor alleles (MAs) are negatively associated with the risk of IS. Further, MBL2 rs11003125 and rs1800450 SNPs and the carriage of their MAs, as well as FCN1 rs2989727 SNP and the carriage of FCN1 rs10120023*T MA significantly alter plasma MBL and M-ficolin levels in IS patients, respectively. Five common haplotypes in MBL2 gene and three common haplotypes in FCN1 and FCN2 genes were revealed, among which CGTC was negatively associated with IS and decreasing MBL plasma levels in IS. Conclusion In conclusion, we suggest that LCP PRMs are associated with the risk of developing IS, and may also participate in pathological events leading to post-ischemic brain damage. This study emphasizes the important contribution of alterations of LCP PRMs on genomic and proteomic levels to the pathomechanisms of ischemic stroke, at least in an Armenian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gohar Tsakanova
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia.,CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Ani Stepanyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Rudi Steffensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Armine Soghoyan
- "Surb Grigor Lusavorich" Medical Center CJSC, Yerevan, Armenia
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15
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Dong Z, Yang S, Lee BH. Bioinformatic mapping of a more precise Aspergillus niger degradome. Sci Rep 2021; 11:693. [PMID: 33436802 PMCID: PMC7804941 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80028-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus niger has the ability to produce a large variety of proteases, which are of particular importance for protein digestion, intracellular protein turnover, cell signaling, flavour development, extracellular matrix remodeling and microbial defense. However, the A. niger degradome (the full repertoire of peptidases encoded by the A. niger genome) available is not accurate and comprehensive. Herein, we have utilized annotations of A. niger proteases in AspGD, JGI, and version 12.2 MEROPS database to compile an index of at least 232 putative proteases that are distributed into the 71 families/subfamilies and 26 clans of the 6 known catalytic classes, which represents ~ 1.64% of the 14,165 putative A. niger protein content. The composition of the A. niger degradome comprises ~ 7.3% aspartic, ~ 2.2% glutamic, ~ 6.0% threonine, ~ 17.7% cysteine, ~ 31.0% serine, and ~ 35.8% metallopeptidases. One hundred and two proteases have been reassigned into the above six classes, while the active sites and/or metal-binding residues of 110 proteases were recharacterized. The probable physiological functions and active site architectures of these peptidases were also investigated. This work provides a more precise overview of the complete degradome of A. niger, which will no doubt constitute a valuable resource and starting point for further experimental studies on the biochemical characterization and physiological roles of these proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixing Dong
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-Reactor and Henan Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Region of Mid-Line of South-To-North, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, 473061, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuangshuang Yang
- College of Physical Education, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, People's Republic of China
| | - Byong H Lee
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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16
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Gene Expression Profiling Studies Using Microarray in Osteoarthritis: Genes in Common and Different Conditions. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2020; 68:28. [PMID: 32914280 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-020-00592-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), which is characterized mainly by cartilage degradation, is the most prevalent joint disorder worldwide. Although OA is identified as a major cause of joint pain, disability, and socioeconomic burden, the etiology of OA is still not clearly known. Recently, gene microarray analysis has become an efficient method for the research of complex diseases and has been employed to determine what genes and pathways are involved in the pathological process of OA. In this review, OA study results over the last decade are summarized for gene expression profiling of various tissues, such as cartilage, subchondral bone, and synovium in human OA and mouse OA models. Many differentially expressed genes, which mainly involve matrix metabolism, bone turnover, and inflammation pathways, were identified in diseased compared with "normal" tissues. Nevertheless, rare common genes were reported from studies using different tissue sources, microarray chips, and research designs. Thus, future novel and carefully designed microarray studies are required to elucidate underlying genetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of OA as well as new directions for potential OA-targeted pharmaceutical therapies.
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17
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Duan L, Liang Y, Xu X, Xiao Y, Wang D. Recent progress on the role of miR-140 in cartilage matrix remodelling and its implications for osteoarthritis treatment. Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22:194. [PMID: 32811552 PMCID: PMC7437174 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-02290-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage matrix remodelling homeostasis is a crucial factor in maintaining cartilage integrity. Loss of cartilage integrity is a typical characteristic of osteoarthritis (OA). Strategies aimed at maintaining cartilage integrity have attracted considerable attention in the OA research field. Recently, a series of studies have suggested dual functions of microRNA-140 (miR-140) in cartilage matrix remodelling. Here, we discuss the significance of miR-140 in promoting cartilage formation and inhibiting degeneration. Additionally, we focused on the role of miR-140 in the chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Of note, we carefully reviewed recent advances in MSC exosomes for miRNA delivery in OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Duan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Intelligent Orthopaedics and Biomedical Innovation Platform, Guangdong Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Innovation Platform, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Yujie Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Intelligent Orthopaedics and Biomedical Innovation Platform, Guangdong Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Innovation Platform, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, China.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, 518003, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Intelligent Orthopaedics and Biomedical Innovation Platform, Guangdong Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Innovation Platform, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Yin Xiao
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove Campus, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Daping Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Intelligent Orthopaedics and Biomedical Innovation Platform, Guangdong Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Innovation Platform, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, China. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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18
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Duan B, Liu Y, Hu H, Shi FG, Liu YL, Xue H, Yun XY, Yan MY, Han XR, Chen AF, Wang Y, Li ZH. Notch1-ADAM8 positive feed-back loop regulates the degradation of chondrogenic extracellular matrix and osteoarthritis progression. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:134. [PMID: 31640732 PMCID: PMC6805603 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0443-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent joint disease, and there are still no effective therapeutic agents or clinical methods for the cure of this disease to date. The degradation of cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) is a major cause of OA. Method IL-1β was used to induce chondrogenic degradation. Q-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect mRNA and protein level, respectively. ELISA was used to detect the secreted TNF-α and IL-6 level. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the protein level of Aggrecan, Collagen II and ki67. TUNEL and flow cytometry were used to examine cell apoptosis of chondrocytes. ChIP and luciferase assay were used to study molecular gene regulation. Osteoarthritic animal model and Safranin-O staining were used to determine the in vivo OA phenotype. Results The expression of ADAM8 was up-regulated in osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Knockdown of ADAM8 suppressed the OA phenotype in the in vitro OA cell model. ADAM8 regulated OA progression through the activation of EGFR/ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Inhibition of Notch signaling suppressed OA phenotype in the in vitro OA cell model. Notch signaling regulated the gene expression of ADAM8 directly via Hes1. Notch1-ADAM8 positive feedback loop promoted the progression of OA in vivo. Conclusion Notch1-ADAM8 feed-back loop regulates the degradation of chondrogenic extracellular matrix and osteoarthritis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Duan
- Reproductive Center, Ganzhou People's Hospital, No.17 Hongqi Avenue, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, 314000, People's Republic of China.,Inner Mongolia Medical University, Jinshan District, Hohhot, 010110, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Inner Mongolia Medical University Third Affiliated Hospital, No.20 Shaoxian Road, Kundulun District, Baotou, 014000, People's Republic of China
| | - He Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, No.20 Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, Hohhot, 010017, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Guo Shi
- Department of Chinese medicine, Preventive health center of Baotou steel group, Aerding Street, Kundulun District, Baotou, 014000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Long Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Yangling Demonstration District Hospital, No.8 Houji Road, Yangling District, Xianyan, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Xue
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Fourth Hospital of Baotou, Aogen Road, Qingshan District, Baotou, 014010, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yu Yun
- Department of Orthopedics, Inner Mongolia Medical University Third Affiliated Hospital, No.20 Shaoxian Road, Kundulun District, Baotou, 014000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Yu Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Inner Mongolia Medical University Third Affiliated Hospital, No.20 Shaoxian Road, Kundulun District, Baotou, 014000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Rui Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No.10 Courtyard, Chedaogou, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - An-Fu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No.10 Courtyard, Chedaogou, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No.10 Courtyard, Chedaogou, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe-Hai Li
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Jinshan District, Hohhot, 010110, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No.10 Courtyard, Chedaogou, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Falconer AMD, Chan CM, Gray J, Nagashima I, Holland RA, Shimizu H, Pickford AR, Rowan AD, Wilkinson DJ. Collagenolytic matrix metalloproteinases antagonize proteinase-activated receptor-2 activation, providing insights into extracellular matrix turnover. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:10266-10277. [PMID: 31110047 PMCID: PMC6664178 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.006974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The collagenase subfamily of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have important roles in the remodeling of collagenous matrices. The proteinase-activated receptor (PAR) family has a unique mechanism of activation requiring proteolysis of an extracellular domain forming a neo-N terminus that acts as a tethered ligand, a process that has been associated with the development of arthritis. Canonical PAR2 activation typically occurs via a serine proteinase at Arg36-Ser37, but other proteinases can cleave PARs downstream of the tethered ligand and "disarm" the receptor. To identify additional cleavage sites within PAR2, we synthesized a 42-amino-acid peptide corresponding to the extracellular region. We observed that all three soluble MMP collagenases, MMP-1, MMP-8, and MMP-13, cleave PAR2 and discovered a novel cleavage site (Ser37-Leu38). Metalloproteinases from resorbing bovine nasal cartilage and recombinant human collagenases could cleave a quenched fluorescent peptide mimicking the canonical PAR2 activation region, and kinetic constants were determined. In PAR2-overexpressing SW1353 chondrocytes, we demonstrated that the activator peptide SLIGKV-NH2 induces rapid calcium flux, inflammatory gene expression (including MMP1 and MMP13), and the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 kinase. The corresponding MMP cleavage-derived peptide (LIGKVD-NH2) exhibited no canonical activation; however, we observed phosphorylation of ERK, providing evidence of biased agonism. Importantly, we demonstrated that preincubation with active MMP-1 reduced downstream PAR2 activation by a canonical activator, matriptase, but not SLIGKV-NH2 These results support a role for collagenases as proteinases capable of disarming PAR2, revealing a mechanism that suppresses PAR2-mediated inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M D Falconer
- From the Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 3BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Chun Ming Chan
- From the Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 3BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Gray
- Institute of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Izuru Nagashima
- Bio-material Engineering Research Group, Bioproduction Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8517, Japan, and
| | - Robert A Holland
- Centre for Enzyme Innovation, School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, King Henry Building, King Henry I Street, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, United Kingdom
| | - Hiroki Shimizu
- Bio-material Engineering Research Group, Bioproduction Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8517, Japan, and
| | - Andrew R Pickford
- Centre for Enzyme Innovation, School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, King Henry Building, King Henry I Street, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D Rowan
- From the Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 3BZ, United Kingdom
| | - David J Wilkinson
- From the Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 3BZ, United Kingdom,
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Liu L, He Z, Xu L, Lu L, Feng H, Leong DJ, Kim SJ, Hirsh DM, Majeska RJ, Goldring MB, Cobelli NJ, Sun HB. CITED2 mediates the mechanical loading-induced suppression of adipokines in the infrapatellar fat pad. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1442:153-164. [PMID: 30891782 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adipokines secreted from the infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP), such as adipsin and adiponectin, have been implicated in osteoarthritis pathogenesis. CITED2, a mechanosensitive transcriptional regulator with chondroprotective activity, may modulate their expression. Cited2 haploinsufficient mice (Cited2+/- ) on a high-fat diet (HFD) exhibited increased body weight and increased IPFP area compared to wild-type (WT) mice on an HFD. While an exercise regimen of moderate treadmill running induced the expression of CITED2, as well as PGC-1α, and reduced the expression of adipsin and adiponectin in the IPFP of WT mice on an HFD, Cited2 haploinsufficiency abolished the loading-induced expression of PGC-1α and loading-induced suppression of adipsin and adiponectin. Furthermore, knocking down or knocking out CITED2 in adipose stem cells (ASCs)/preadipocytes derived from the IPFP in vitro led to the increased expression of adipsin and adiponectin and reduced PGC-1α, and abolished the loading-induced suppression of adipsin and adiponectin and loading-induced expression of PGC-1α. Overexpression of PGC-1α in these ASC/preadipocytes reversed the effects caused by CITED2 deficiency. The current data suggest that CITED2 is a critical regulator in physiologic loading-induced chondroprotection in the context of an HFD and PGC-1α is required for the inhibitory effects of CITED2 on the expression of adipokines such as adipsin and adiponectin in the IPFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidi Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.,Department of Spine Surgery, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair, Reconstruction and Regeneration, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Zhiyong He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Laijin Lu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair, Reconstruction and Regeneration, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Haotian Feng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Daniel J Leong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Sun J Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - David M Hirsh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Robert J Majeska
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York City, New York
| | - Mary B Goldring
- Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York
| | - Neil J Cobelli
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Hui B Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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McCulloch RS, Mente PL, O’Nan AT, Ashwell MS. Articular cartilage gene expression patterns in the tissue surrounding the impact site following applications of shear and axial loads. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2018; 19:449. [PMID: 30579353 PMCID: PMC6303924 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-018-2374-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis is a degradative joint disease found in humans and commercial swine which can develop from a number of factors, including prior joint trauma. An impact injury model was developed to deliver in vitro loads to disease-free porcine patellae in a model of OA. METHODS Axial impactions (2000 N normal) and shear impactions (500 N normal with induced shear forces) were delivered to 48 randomly assigned patellae. The patellae were then cultured for 0, 3, 7, or 14 days following the impact. Specimens in the tissue surrounding the loading site were harvested and expression of 18 OA related genes was studied via quantitative PCR. The selected genes were previously identified from published work and fell into four categories: cartilage matrix, degradative enzymes, inflammatory response, and apoptosis. RESULTS Type II collagen (Col2a1) showed significantly lower expression in shear vs. axial adjacent tissue at day 0 and 7 (fold changes of 0.40 & 0.19, respectively). In addition, higher expression of degradative enzymes and Fas, an apoptosis gene, was observed in the shear specimens. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that a more physiologically valid shear load may induce more damage to surrounding articular cartilage than a normal load alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. S. McCulloch
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina USA
- Department of Human Physiology, Gonzaga University, 502 E Boone Ave, Spokane, WA 99258 USA
| | - P. L. Mente
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina USA
| | - A. T. O’Nan
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, 120 Broughton Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - M. S. Ashwell
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, 120 Broughton Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
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22
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Valverde-Franco G, Tardif G, Mineau F, Paré F, Lussier B, Fahmi H, Pelletier JP, Martel-Pelletier J. High in vivo levels of adipsin lead to increased knee tissue degradation in osteoarthritis: data from humans and animal models. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2018; 57:1851-1860. [PMID: 29982662 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/key181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study explored the role of the adipokine adipsin in OA. Methods Control and OA articular tissues, cells and serum were obtained from human individuals. Serum adipsin levels of human OA individuals were compared with cartilage volume loss as assessed by MRI at 48 months. Human adipsin expression was determined by PCR, its production in tissues by immunohistochemistry, and in SF and serum by a specific assay. OA was surgically induced in wild-type (Df+/+) and adipsin-deficient (Df-/-) mice, and synovial membrane and cartilage processed for histology and immunohistochemistry. Results Adipsin levels were significantly increased in human OA serum, SF, synovial membrane and cartilage compared with controls, but the expression was similar in chondrocytes, synoviocytes and osteoblasts. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that human serum adipsin levels were significantly associated (P = 0.045) with cartilage volume loss in the lateral compartment of the knee. Destabilization of the medial meniscus-Df-/- mice showed a preservation of the OA synovial membrane and cartilage lesions (P ⩽ 0.026), the latter corroborated by the decreased production of cartilage degradation products and proteases (P ⩽ 0.047). The adipsin effect is likely due to a deficient alternative complement pathway (P ⩽ 0.036). Conclusion In human OA, higher serum adipsin levels were associated with greater cartilage volume loss in the lateral compartment, and adipsin deficiency led to a preservation of knee structure. Importantly, we documented an association between adipsin and OA synovial membrane and cartilage degeneration through the activation of the complement pathway. This study highlights the clinical relevance of adipsin as a valuable biomarker and potential therapeutic target for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladys Valverde-Franco
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Ginette Tardif
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - François Mineau
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Frédéric Paré
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Bertrand Lussier
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hassan Fahmi
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Pelletier
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Johanne Martel-Pelletier
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
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Contribution of the plasma and lymph Degradome and Peptidome to the MHC Ligandome. Immunogenetics 2018; 71:203-216. [PMID: 30343358 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-018-1093-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Every biological fluid, blood, interstitial fluid and lymph, urine, saliva, lacrimal fluid, nipple aspirate, and spinal fluid, contains a peptidome-degradome derived from the cellular secretome along with byproducts of the metabolic/catabolic activities of each parenchymal organ. Clement et al. (J Proteomics 78:172-187, 2013), Clement et al. (J Biol Chem 291:5576-5595, 2016), Clement et al. (PLoS One 5:e9863, 2010), Clement et al. (Trends Immunol 32:6-11, 2011), Clement et al. (Front Immunol 4:424, 2013), Geho et al. (Curr Opin Chem Biol 10, 50-55, 2006), Interewicz et al. (Lymphology 37:65‑72, 2004), Leak et al. (Proteomics 4:753‑765, 2004), Popova et al. (PLoS One 9:e110873, 2014), Zhou et al. (Electrophoresis 25:1289‑1298, 2004), D'Alessandro et al. (Shock 42:509‑517, 2014), Dzieciatkowska et al. (Shock 42:485‑498, 2014), Dzieciatkowska et al. (Shock 35:331‑338, 2011), Jordan et al. (J Surg Res 143:130‑135, 2007), Peltz et al. (Surgery 146:347‑357, 2009), Zurawel et al. (Clin Proteomics 8:1, 2011), Ling et al. (Clin Proteomics 6:175‑193, 2010), Sturm et al. (Nat Commun 4:1616, 2013). Over the last decade, qualitative and quantitative analysis of the biological fluids peptidome and degradome have provided a dynamic measurement of tissue homeostasis as well as the tissue response to pathological damage. Proteomic profiling has mapped several of the proteases and resulting degradation by-products derived from cell cycle progression, organ/tissue remodeling and cellular growth, physiological apoptosis, hemostasis, and angiogenesis. Currently, a growing interest lies in the degradome observed during pathological conditions such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, and immune responses to pathogens as a way to exploit biological fluids as liquid biopsies for biomarker discovery Dzieciatkowska et al. (Shock 42:485-498, 2014), Dzieciatkowska et al. (Shock 35:331-338, 2011), Ling et al. (Clin Proteomics 6:175-193, 2010), Ugalde et al. (Methods Mol Biol 622:3-29, 2010), Quesada et al. (Nucleic Acids Res 37:D239‑243, 2009), Cal et al. (Front Biosci 12, 4661-4669, 2007), Shen et al. (PLoS One 5:e13133, 2010a), Antwi et al. (Mol Immunol 46:2931-2937, 2009a), Antwi et al. (J Proteome Res 8:4722‑4731, 2009b), Bedin et al. (J Cell Physiol 231, 915‑925, 2016), Bery et al. (Clin Proteomics 11:13, 2014), Bhalla et al. (Sci Rep 7:1511, 2017), Fan et al. (Diagn Pathol 7:45, 2012a), Fang et al. (Shock 34:291‑298, 2010), Fiedler et al. (Clin Cancer Res 15:3812‑3819, 2009), Fredolini et al. (AAPS J 12:504‑518, 2010), Greening et al. (Enzymes 42:27‑64, 2017), He et al. (PLoS One 8:e63724, 2013), Huang et al. (Int J Gynecol Cancer 28:355‑362, 2018), Hashiguchi et al. (Med Hypotheses 73:760‑763, 2009), Liotta and Petricoin (J Clin Invest 116:26‑30, 2006), Petricoin et al. (Nat Rev Cancer 6:961‑967, 2006), Shen et al. (J Proteome Res 9:2339‑2346, 2010a), Shen et al. (J Proteome Res 5:3154‑3160, 2006), Smith (Clin Proteomics 11:23, 2014), Wang et al. (Oncotarget 8:59376‑59386, 2017), Yang et al. (Clin Exp Med 12:79‑87, 2012a), Yang et al. (J Clin Lab Anal 26:148‑154, 2012b), Yang et al. (Anat Rec (Hoboken) 293:2027‑2033, 2010), Zapico-Muniz et al. (Pancreas 39:1293‑1298, 2010), Villanueva et al. (Mol Cell Proteomics 5:1840‑1852, 2006), Robbins et al. (J Clin Oncol 23:4835‑4837, 2005), Klupczynska et al. (Int J Mol Sci 17:410, 2016). In this review, we focus on the current knowledge of the degradome/peptidome observed in two main biological fluids (plasma and lymph) during physiological and pathological conditions and its importance for immune surveillance.
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Zhang X, Bu Y, Zhu B, Zhao Q, Lv Z, Li B, Liu J. Global transcriptome analysis to identify critical genes involved in the pathology of osteoarthritis. Bone Joint Res 2018; 7:298-307. [PMID: 29922448 PMCID: PMC5987685 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.74.bjr-2017-0245.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to identify key pathological genes in osteoarthritis (OA). Methods We searched and downloaded mRNA expression data from the Gene Expression Omnibus database to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of joint synovial tissues from OA and normal individuals. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were used to assess the function of identified DEGs. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and transcriptional factors (TFs) regulatory network were used to further explore the function of identified DEGs. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was applied to validate the result of bioinformatics analysis. Electronic validation was performed to verify the expression of selected DEGs. The diagnosis value of identified DEGs was accessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results A total of 1085 DEGs were identified. KEGG pathway analysis displayed that Wnt was a significantly enriched signalling pathway. Some hub genes with high interactions such as USP46, CPVL, FKBP5, FOSL2, GADD45B, PTGS1, and ZNF423 were identified in the PPI and TFs network. The results of qRT-PCR showed that GADD45B, ADAMTS1, and TFAM were down-regulated in joint synovial tissues of OA, which was consistent with the bioinformatics analysis. The expression levels of USP46, CPVL, FOSL2, and PTGS1 in electronic validation were compatible with the bio-informatics result. CPVL and TFAM had a potential diagnostic value for OA based on the ROC analysis. Conclusion The deregulated genes including USP46, CPVL, FKBP5, FOSL2, GADD45B, PTGS1, ZNF423, ADAMTS1, and TFAM might be involved in the pathology of OA. Cite this article: X. Zhang, Y. Bu, B. Zhu, Q. Zhao, Z. Lv, B. Li, J. Liu. Global transcriptome analysis to identify critical genes involved in the pathology of osteoarthritis. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:298–307. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.74.BJR-2017-0245.R1.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Y Bu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - B Zhu
- Department of Sports Medicine and Arthroscopic Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Q Zhao
- College of Clinical Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Z Lv
- College of Clinical Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - B Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - J Liu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
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The serine proteinase hepsin is an activator of pro-matrix metalloproteinases: molecular mechanisms and implications for extracellular matrix turnover. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16693. [PMID: 29196708 PMCID: PMC5711915 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17028-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence implicates serine proteinases in the proteolytic cascades leading to the pathological destruction of extracellular matrices such as cartilage in osteoarthritis (OA). We have previously demonstrated that the type II transmembrane serine proteinase (TTSP) matriptase acts as a novel initiator of cartilage destruction via the induction and activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Hepsin is another TTSP expressed in OA cartilage such that we hypothesized this proteinase may also contribute to matrix turnover. Herein, we demonstrate that addition of hepsin to OA cartilage in explant culture induced significant collagen and aggrecan release and activated proMMP-1 and proMMP-3. Furthermore, hepsin directly cleaved the aggrecan core protein at a novel cleavage site within the interglobular domain. Hepsin expression correlated with synovitis as well as tumour necrosis factor α expression, and was induced in cartilage by a pro-inflammatory stimulus. However, a major difference compared to matriptase was that hepsin demonstrated markedly reduced capacity to activate proteinase-activated receptor-2. Overall, our data suggest that hepsin, like matriptase, induces potent destruction of the extracellular matrix whilst displaying distinct efficiencies for the cleavage of specific substrates.
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26
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Pietrosimone B, Loeser RF, Blackburn JT, Padua DA, Harkey MS, Stanley LE, Luc-Harkey BA, Ulici V, Marshall SW, Jordan JM, Spang JT. Biochemical markers of cartilage metabolism are associated with walking biomechanics 6-months following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:2288-2297. [PMID: 28150869 PMCID: PMC5540809 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to determine the association between biomechanical outcomes of walking gait (peak vertical ground reaction force [vGRF], vGRF loading rate [vGRF-LR], and knee adduction moment [KAM]) 6 months following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and biochemical markers of serum type-II collagen turnover (collagen type-II cleavage product to collagen type-II C-propeptide [C2C:CPII]), plasma degenerative enzymes (matrix metalloproteinase-3 [MMP-3]), and a pro-inflammatory cytokine (interleukin-6 [IL-6]). Biochemical markers were evaluated within the first 2 weeks (6.5 ± 3.8 days) following ACL injury and again 6 months following ACLR in eighteen participants. All peak biomechanical outcomes were extracted from the first 50% of the stance phase of walking gait during a 6-month follow-up exam. Limb symmetry indices (LSI) were used to normalize the biomechanical outcomes in the ACLR limb to that of the contralateral limb (ACLR/contralateral). Bivariate correlations were used to assess associations between biomechanical and biochemical outcomes. Greater plasma MMP-3 concentrations after ACL injury and at the 6-month follow-up exam were associated with lesser KAM LSI. Lesser KAM was associated with greater plasma IL-6 at the 6-month follow-up exam. Similarly, lesser vGRF-LR LSI was associated with greater plasma MMP-3 concentrations at the 6-month follow-up exam. Lesser peak vGRF LSI was associated with higher C2C:CPII after ACL injury, yet this association was not significant after accounting for walking speed. Therefore, lesser biomechanical loading in the ACLR limb, compared to the contralateral limb, 6 months following ACLR may be related to deleterious joint tissue metabolism that could influence future cartilage breakdown. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2288-2297, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Pietrosimone
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States,Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Richard F. Loeser
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States
| | - J. Troy Blackburn
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States,Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Darin A. Padua
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States,Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Matthew S. Harkey
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Laura E. Stanley
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Brittney A. Luc-Harkey
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Veronica Ulici
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Stephen W. Marshall
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Joanne M. Jordan
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Jeffery T. Spang
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
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Kappelhoff R, Puente XS, Wilson CH, Seth A, López-Otín C, Overall CM. Overview of transcriptomic analysis of all human proteases, non-proteolytic homologs and inhibitors: Organ, tissue and ovarian cancer cell line expression profiling of the human protease degradome by the CLIP-CHIP™ DNA microarray. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:2210-2219. [PMID: 28797648 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The protease degradome is defined as the complete repertoire of proteases and inhibitors, and their nonfunctional homologs present in a cell, tissue or organism at any given time. We review the tissue distribution of virtually the entire degradome in 23 different human tissues and 6 ovarian cancer cell lines. To do so, we developed the CLIP-CHIP™, a custom microarray based on a 70-mer oligonucleotide platform, to specifically profile the transcripts of the entire repertoire of 473 active human proteases, 156 protease inhibitors and 92 non-proteolytically active homologs known at the design date using one specific 70-mer oligonucleotide per transcript. Using the CLIP-CHIP™ we mapped the expression profile of proteases and their inhibitors in 23 different human tissues and 6 ovarian cancer cell lines in 104 sample datasets. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed that expression profiles clustered according to their anatomic locations, cellular composition, physiologic functions, and the germ layer from which they are derived. The human ovarian cancer cell lines cluster according to malignant grade. 110 proteases and 42 inhibitors were tissue specific (1 to 3 tissues). Of these 110 proteases 69% (74) are mainly extracellular, 30% (34) intracellular and 1% intramembrane. Notably, 35% (197/565) of human proteases and 30% (47/156) of inhibitors were ubiquitously expressed in all 23 tissues; 27% (155) of proteases and 21% (32) of inhibitors were broadly expressed in 4-20 tissues. Our datasets provide a valuable resource for the community of baseline protease and inhibitor relative expression in normal human tissues and can be used for comparison with diseased tissue, e.g. ovarian cancer, to decipher pathogenesis, and to aid drug development. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Proteolysis as a Regulatory Event in Pathophysiology edited by Stefan Rose-John.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhild Kappelhoff
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xose S Puente
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Claire H Wilson
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Arun Seth
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Department of Anatomic Pathology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carlos López-Otín
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Christopher M Overall
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Yang CY, Chanalaris A, Troeberg L. ADAMTS and ADAM metalloproteinases in osteoarthritis - looking beyond the 'usual suspects'. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:1000-1009. [PMID: 28216310 PMCID: PMC5473942 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.02.791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and 'aggrecanase' a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTSs) are well established to play key roles in osteoarthritis (OA) through degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) type II collagen and aggrecan, and are thus potential targets for development of OA therapies. OBJECTIVE This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the expression and potential roles of other, lesser-known ADAMTSs and related adamalysins (or a disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs)) in cartilage, with a view to identifying potentially protective or homeostatic metalloproteinases in the joint and informing consequent selective inhibitor design. DESIGN A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed terms 'osteoarthritis' and 'ADAMTS' or 'ADAM'. RESULTS Several ADAMTSs and ADAMs were identified as having reportedly increased expression in OA. These include enzymes likely to play roles in cartilage matrix anabolism (e.g., the procollagen N-proteinases ADAMTS-2, ADAMTS-3 and ADAMTS-14), chondrocyte differentiation and proliferation (e.g., ADAM9, ADAM10, ADAM12), as well as enzymes contributing to cartilage catabolism (e.g., Cartilage oligomeric protein (COMP)-degrading ADAMTS-7 and ADAMTS-12). CONCLUSIONS In addition to the well-characterised MMPs, ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5, many other ADAMTSs and ADAMs are expressed in cartilage and several show significantly altered expression in OA. Studies aimed at elucidating the pathophysiological roles of these enzymes in cartilage will contribute to our understanding of OA pathogenesis and enable design of targeted inhibitors that effectively target metalloproteinase-mediated cartilage degradation while sparing cartilage repair pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - L. Troeberg
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to: L. Troeberg, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, OX3 7FY Oxford, UK.Kennedy Institute of RheumatologyUniversity of OxfordRoosevelt DriveOxfordOX3 7FYUK
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Zhang TP, Li HM, Leng RX, Li XP, Li XM, Pan HF, Ye DQ. Plasma levels of adipokines in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Cytokine 2016; 86:15-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kang K, Shin JS, Lee J, Lee YJ, Kim MR, Park KB, Ha IH. Association between direct and indirect smoking and osteoarthritis prevalence in Koreans: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e010062. [PMID: 26892791 PMCID: PMC4762105 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the association between smoking patterns and knee and hip joint osteoarthritis (OA) prevalence in Koreans aged 50 years or older with focus on knee OA. DESIGN Cross-sectional study using nationally representative data. SETTING Data were collected at portable Health Examination Centres in Korea. PARTICIPANTS Data of 9064 participants of the 5th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010-2012) aged 50 years or older who received knee or hip joint X-rays out of 31,596 total surveyees were analysed. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES OA prevalence by smoking behaviour (current smoking, past smoking, indirect smoking and non-smoking). SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Estimated risk of OA by smoking amount, period, pack-years and indirect smoking exposure time to assess the association between smoking-related factors and knee OA by calculating ORs and adjusting for covariates in a complex sampling design. A multinomial logistic regression analysis and backward elimination method was used. RESULTS OA prevalence in Koreans aged 50 years or older was 13.9%, with prevalence about 3.5 times higher in women (men 5.7%, women 20.1%). ORs for knee and hip joint OA prevalence by smoking behaviour in male indirect-smokers were lower than those in non-smokers in age and sex (OR 0.271; 95% CI 0.088 to 0.828), and selective adjustments (OR 0.314; 95% CI 0.102 to 0.966). All other analyses for smoking behaviour and total OA prevalence, and knee OA prevalence were not significantly different. Associations between smoking amount, period, pack-years and knee OA prevalence were non-significant in ever-smokers. Associations between indirect smoking exposure time and knee OA prevalence were also non-significant. CONCLUSIONS This study found that though direct and previous smoking and OA prevalence were not associated, there was a weak relationship between indirect smoking and OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungrae Kang
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Shik Shin
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Lee
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jae Lee
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Me-Riong Kim
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Byung Park
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hyuk Ha
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Fei Q, Lin J, Meng H, Wang B, Yang Y, Wang Q, Su N, Li J, Li D. Identification of upstream regulators for synovial expression signature genes in osteoarthritis. Joint Bone Spine 2016; 83:545-51. [PMID: 26832188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The detection of transcription factors (TFs) for OA signature genes provides better clues to the underlying regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic applications. METHODS We searched GEO database for synovial expression profiling from different OA microarray studies to perform a systematic analysis. Functional annotation of DEGs was conducted, including gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Based on motif databases and the results from integrated analysis of current gene expression data, a global transcriptional regulatory network was constructed, and the upstream TFs were identified for OA signature genes. RESULTS Six GEO datasets were obtained. Totally, 805 genes across the studies were consistently differentially expressed in OA (469 up-regulated and 336 down-regulated genes) with FDR≤0.01. Supporting an involvement of ECM in the development of OA, we showed that ECM-receptor interaction was the most significant pathway in our KEGG analysis (P=5.92E-12). Sixty-one differentially expressed TFs were identified with FDR≤0.05. The constructed OA-specific regulatory networks consisted of 648 TF-target interactions between 51 TFs and 429 DEGs in the context of OA. The top 10 TFs covering the most downstream DEGs were identified as crucial TFs involved in the development of OA, including ARID3A, NFIC, ZNF354C, NR4A2, BRCA1, EHF, FOXL1, FOXC1, EGR1, and HOXA5. CONCLUSION This integrated analysis has identified the OA signature, providing clues to pathogenesis of OA at the molecular level, which may be also used as diagnostic markers for OA. Some crucial upstream regulators, such as NR4A2, EHF, and EGR1 may be considered as potential new therapeutic targets for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Fei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95, Yong'an Road, Beijing 100050, China
| | - JiSheng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95, Yong'an Road, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hai Meng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95, Yong'an Road, Beijing 100050, China
| | - BingQiang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95, Yong'an Road, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95, Yong'an Road, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95, Yong'an Road, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Nan Su
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95, Yong'an Road, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jinjun Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95, Yong'an Road, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95, Yong'an Road, Beijing 100050, China.
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Le Clanche S, Bonnefont-Rousselot D, Sari-Ali E, Rannou F, Borderie D. Inter-relations between osteoarthritis and metabolic syndrome: A common link? Biochimie 2015; 121:238-52. [PMID: 26700146 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disorder of the joint, principally occurring during aging, and characterized by a focal degradation of cartilage. It is the most prevalent rheumatic disease in industrialized countries and represents the second cause of disability in France. However, the etiology of OA remains unclear. There is only one cell type found in cartilage, chondrocyte, which is responsible for its repair and the synthesis of the elements of the extra-cellular matrix. A dysfunction of these cells results in an imbalance between repair and degradation in cartilage, leading to its destruction. Recently, a link between OA and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been suggested, introducing a notion of metabolic OA, and a new vision of the disease. MetS is characterized by a cluster of factors (insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, visceral obesity), although there is still no clear definition of it. During the 20th century, MetS dramatically increased with changes in population lifestyle, becoming a major health issue in industrialized countries. MetS concerns 10-30% of the worldwide population, but is prevalent in 59% of OA patients. Patients with both OA and MetS have more severe symptoms, occurring sooner than in the general population. Indeed, OA is generally a disease concerning the population over 65 years old, but with an associated MetS the target population is around 50 years old. In this review, we will focus on common factors in OA and MetS, such as hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, mitochondrial dysfunction and hyperglycemia, linking one disease to the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Le Clanche
- UMR-S 1124 INSERM Toxicologie, Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, CUSP, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France; Unité pédagogique de Biochimie, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - D Bonnefont-Rousselot
- Unité pédagogique de Biochimie, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France; UMR-S 1166 INSERM ICAN, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6, 75013 Paris, France; Service de Biochimie Métabolique, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris Cedex 13, France.
| | - E Sari-Ali
- Groupe de Recherche En Orthopédie de la Pitié-Salpêtrière (GREOPS), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83 boulevard de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - F Rannou
- UMR-S 1124 INSERM Toxicologie, Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, CUSP, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France; Service de rééducation, Hôpital Cochin (AP-HP), Université Paris Descartes, 27 rue du faubourg Saint Jacques, 75679 Paris Cedex 14, France.
| | - D Borderie
- UMR-S 1124 INSERM Toxicologie, Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, CUSP, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France; Unité pédagogique de Biochimie, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France; Service de Diagnostic Biologique Automatisé, Hôpital Cochin (AP-HP), 27 rue du faubourg Saint Jacques, 75679 Paris Cedex 14, France.
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Martel-Pelletier J, Raynauld JP, Dorais M, Abram F, Pelletier JP. The levels of the adipokines adipsin and leptin are associated with knee osteoarthritis progression as assessed by MRI and incidence of total knee replacement in symptomatic osteoarthritis patients: apost hocanalysis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2015; 55:680-8. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kev408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Chijimatsu R, Kunugiza Y, Taniyama Y, Nakamura N, Tomita T, Yoshikawa H. Expression and pathological effects of periostin in human osteoarthritis cartilage. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2015; 16:215. [PMID: 26289167 PMCID: PMC4545863 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-015-0682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common joint diseases in elderly people, however, the underlying mechanism of OA pathogenesis is not completely clear. Periostin, the extracellular protein, has been shown by cDNA array analysis to be highly expressed in OA, but its function is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the expression and function of periostin in human OA. METHODS Human cartilage and synovia samples were used for the analysis of periostin expression and function. The human cartilage samples were obtained from the knees of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty as OA samples and from the femoral bone head of patients with femoral neck fracture as control samples. Quantitative RT-PCR, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry were used for analysis of periostin expression in cartilage and synovia. Human primary chondrocytes isolated from control cartilage were stimulated by periostin, and the alteration of OA related gene expression was examined using quantitative RT-PCR. Immunocytochemistry of p65 was performed for the analysis of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) activation. RESULTS The periostin mRNA was significantly higher in OA cartilage than in control cartilage. Immunohistochemical analysis of periostin showed that the main positive signal was localized in chondrocytes and their periphery matrix near the erosive area, with less immunoreactivity in deeper zones. There was positive correlation between Mankin score and periostin immunoreactivity. The periostin expression was also detected in the fibrotic cartilage and tissue of subchondral bone. In cultured human chondrocytes, periostin induced the expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-3, MMP-13, and nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS2) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The activation of NFκB signaling was recognized by the nuclear translocation of p65. Periostin-induced upregulation of these genes was suppressed by NFκB inactivation in chondrocytes. CONCLUSION Periostin was upregulated in OA cartilage, and it may amplify inflammatory events and accelerate OA pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Chijimatsu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan. .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Frontier Bio Science, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Yasuo Kunugiza
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan. .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Hoshigaoka Medical Center, 4-8-1 Hoshigaoka, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Taniyama
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Norimasa Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan. .,Department of Rehabilitation Science, Osaka Health Science University, 1-9-27 Kita-ku Tenma, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Tomita
- Department of Orthopaedic Biomaterial Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Hideki Yoshikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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Leahy AA, Esfahani SA, Foote AT, Hui CK, Rainbow RS, Nakamura DS, Tracey BH, Mahmood U, Zeng L. Analysis of the trajectory of osteoarthritis development in a mouse model by serial near-infrared fluorescence imaging of matrix metalloproteinase activities. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67:442-53. [PMID: 25385707 DOI: 10.1002/art.38957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A major hurdle in osteoarthritis (OA) research is the lack of sensitive detection and monitoring methods. It is hypothesized that proteases, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), are up-regulated in the early stages of OA development. This study was undertaken to investigate if a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe activated by MMPs could visualize in vivo OA progression beginning in the early stages of the disease. METHODS Using an MMP-activatable NIR fluorescent probe (MMPSense 680), we assessed the up-regulation of MMP activity in vitro by incubating human chondrocytes with the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β). MMP activity was then evaluated in vivo serially in a mouse model of chronic, injury-induced OA. To track MMP activity over time, mice were imaged 1-8 weeks after OA-inducing surgery. Imaging results were correlated with histologic findings. RESULTS In vitro studies confirmed that NIR fluorescence imaging identified enhanced MMP activity in IL-1β-treated human chondrocytes. In vivo imaging showed significantly higher fluorescence intensity in OA knees compared to sham-operated (control) knees of the same mice. Additionally, the total emitted fluorescence intensity steadily increased over the entire course of OA progression that was examined. NIR fluorescence imaging results correlated with histologic findings, which showed an increase in articular cartilage structural damage over time. CONCLUSION Imaging of MMP activity in a mouse model of OA provides sensitive and consistent visualization of OA progression, beginning in the early stages of OA. In addition to facilitating the preclinical study of OA modulators, this approach has the potential for future translation to humans.
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Progression of Gene Expression Changes following a Mechanical Injury to Articular Cartilage as a Model of Early Stage Osteoarthritis. ARTHRITIS 2014; 2014:371426. [PMID: 25478225 PMCID: PMC4248372 DOI: 10.1155/2014/371426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
An impact injury model of early stage osteoarthritis (OA) progression was developed using a mechanical insult to an articular cartilage surface to evaluate differential gene expression changes over time and treatment. Porcine patellae with intact cartilage surfaces were randomized to one of three treatments: nonimpacted control, axial impaction (2000 N), or a shear impaction (500 N axial, with tangential displacement to induce shear forces). After impact, the patellae were returned to culture for 0, 3, 7, or 14 days. At the appropriate time point, RNA was extracted from full-thickness cartilage slices at the impact site. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to evaluate differential gene expression for 18 OA related genes from four categories: cartilage matrix, degradative enzymes and inhibitors, inflammatory response and signaling, and cell apoptosis. The shear impacted specimens were compared to the axial impacted specimens and showed that shear specimens more highly expressed type I collagen (Col1a1) at the early time points. In addition, there was generally elevated expression of degradative enzymes, inflammatory response genes, and apoptosis markers at the early time points. These changes suggest that the more physiologically relevant shear loading may initially be more damaging to the cartilage and induces more repair efforts after loading.
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Jackson MT, Moradi B, Smith MM, Jackson CJ, Little CB. Activation of matrix metalloproteinases 2, 9, and 13 by activated protein C in human osteoarthritic cartilage chondrocytes. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:1525-36. [PMID: 24574263 DOI: 10.1002/art.38401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Levels of activated protein C (APC) are elevated in the synovial fluid of patients with osteoarthritis (OA), and increased APC levels are correlated with the levels of active matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2). This study sought to investigate whether APC is a relevant protein for activation of MMPs in the degradation of human OA cartilage, and to elucidate its mechanisms of action. METHODS Human articular cartilage was cultured with or without interleukin-1α (IL-1α), in the presence or absence of APC or protein C, and an MMP or serine proteinase inhibitor. Aggrecan and collagen release and chondrocyte gene expression levels were quantified. Aggrecanase and MMP cleavage of aggrecan was examined with neoepitope-specific antibodies, and MMP activity was measured using gelatin zymography and fluorogenic peptide assay. RESULTS In human OA cartilage, APC induced aggrecan and collagen release, whereas in non-OA cartilage, costimulation with IL-1α was required. Inhibition of MMP activity reduced APC-induced cartilage proteolysis, and MMP-induced aggrecanolysis was confirmed by Western blotting. In cultures with APC alone, the activity of MMPs 2, 9, and 13 was significantly increased in OA cartilage, although APC could not directly activate MMPs 2 or 9. Expression of MMP1, MMP2, MMP9, MMP13, TIMP1, and TIMP3 was not altered by APC in OA cartilage. Human OA chondrocytes expressed messenger RNA for protein C, endothelial protein C receptor, thrombomodulin, and protease-activated receptor 1, but these were unaltered or down-regulated by APC. The induction of MMP activation and cartilage degradation by APC was dependent on its serine protease activity. CONCLUSION APC is a physiologically relevant activator of MMPs and cartilage breakdown in human OA. The effects of APC are dependent on its proteolytic activity and as-yet-undefined cell and/or cartilage matrix factors, and inhibition of this pathway may provide a novel therapeutic target to halt the progression of cartilage damage in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam T Jackson
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, and Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
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Schlichting N, Dehne T, Mans K, Endres M, Stuhlmüller B, Sittinger M, Kaps C, Ringe J. Suitability of porcine chondrocyte micromass culture to model osteoarthritis in vitro. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:2092-105. [PMID: 24635637 DOI: 10.1021/mp5000554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In vitro tissue models are useful tools for the development of novel therapy strategies in cartilage repair and care. The limited availability of human primary tissue and high costs of animal models hamper preclinical tests of innovative substances and techniques. In this study we tested the potential of porcine chondrocyte micromass cultures to mimic human articular cartilage and essential aspects of osteoarthritis (OA) in vitro. Primary chondrocytes were enzymatically isolated from porcine femoral condyles and were maintained in 96-multiwell format to establish micromass cultures in a high-throughput scale. Recombinant porcine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) was used to induce OA-like changes documented on histological (Safranin O, collagen type II staining), biochemical (hydroxyproline assay, dimethylmethylene blue method), and gene expression level (Affymetrix porcine microarray, real time PCR) and were compared with published data from human articular cartilage and human micromass cultures. After 14 days in micromass culture, porcine primary chondrocytes produced ECM rich in proteoglycans and collagens. On gene expression level, significant correlations of detected genes with porcine cartilage (r = 0.90), human cartilage (r = 0.71), and human micromass culture (r = 0.75) were observed including 34 cartilage markers such as COL2A1, COMP, and aggrecan. TNF-α stimulation led to significant proteoglycan (-75%) and collagen depletion (-50%). Comparative expression pattern analysis revealed the involvement of catabolic enzymes (MMP1, -2, -13, ADAM10), chemokines (IL8, CCL2, CXCL2, CXCL12, CCXL14), and genes associated with cell death (TNFSF10, PMAIPI, AHR) and skeletal development (GPNMB, FRZB) including transcription factors (WIF1, DLX5, TWIST1) and growth factors (IGFBP1, -3, TGFB1) consistent with published data from human OA cartilage. Expression of genes related to cartilage ECM formation (COL2A1, COL9A1, COMP, aggrecan) as well as hypertrophic bone formation (COL1A1, COL10A1) was predominantly found decreased. These findings indicating significant parallels between human articular cartilage and the presented porcine micromass model and vice versa confirm the applicability of known cartilage marker and their characteristics in the porcine micromass model. TNF-α treatment enabled the initiation of typical OA reaction patterns in terms of extensive ECM loss, cell death, formation of an inflammatory environment through the induction of genes coding for chemokines and enzymes, and the modulation of genes involved in skeletal development such as growth factors, transcription factors, and cartilage ECM-forming genes. In conclusion, the porcine micromass model represents an alternative tissue platform for the evaluation of innovative substances and techniques for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Schlichting
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory & Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin , 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Beltrame MH, Catarino SJ, Goeldner I, Boldt ABW, de Messias-Reason IJ. The lectin pathway of complement and rheumatic heart disease. Front Pediatr 2014; 2:148. [PMID: 25654073 PMCID: PMC4300866 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2014.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system is the first line of host defense against infection and is comprised of humoral and cellular mechanisms that recognize potential pathogens within minutes or hours of entry. The effector components of innate immunity include epithelial barriers, phagocytes, and natural killer cells, as well as cytokines and the complement system. Complement plays an important role in the immediate response against microorganisms, including Streptococcus sp. The lectin pathway is one of three pathways by which the complement system can be activated. This pathway is initiated by the binding of mannose-binding lectin (MBL), collectin 11 (CL-K1), and ficolins (Ficolin-1, Ficolin-2, and Ficolin-3) to microbial surface oligosaccharides and acetylated residues, respectively. Upon binding to target molecules, MBL, CL-K1, and ficolins form complexes with MBL-associated serine proteases 1 and 2 (MASP-1 and MASP-2), which cleave C4 and C2 forming the C3 convertase (C4b2a). Subsequent activation of complement cascade leads to opsonization, phagocytosis, and lysis of target microorganisms through the formation of the membrane-attack complex. In addition, activation of complement may induce several inflammatory effects, such as expression of adhesion molecules, chemotaxis and activation of leukocytes, release of reactive oxygen species, and secretion of cytokines and chemokines. In this chapter, we review the general aspects of the structure, function, and genetic polymorphism of lectin-pathway components and discuss most recent understanding on the role of the lectin pathway in the predisposition and clinical progression of Rheumatic Fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Holsbach Beltrame
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná , Curitiba , Brazil
| | - Sandra Jeremias Catarino
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná , Curitiba , Brazil
| | - Isabela Goeldner
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná , Curitiba , Brazil
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Gossan N, Zeef L, Hensman J, Hughes A, Bateman JF, Rowley L, Little CB, Piggins HD, Rattray M, Boot-Handford RP, Meng QJ. The circadian clock in murine chondrocytes regulates genes controlling key aspects of cartilage homeostasis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:2334-45. [PMID: 23896777 PMCID: PMC3888512 DOI: 10.1002/art.38035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
ObjectiveTo characterize the circadian clock in murine cartilage tissue and identify tissue-specific clock target genes, and to investigate whether the circadian clock changes during aging or during cartilage degeneration using an experimental mouse model of osteoarthritis (OA). MethodsCartilage explants were obtained from aged and young adult mice after transduction with the circadian clock fusion protein reporter PER2::luc, and real-time bioluminescence recordings were used to characterize the properties of the clock. Time-series microarrays were performed on mouse cartilage tissue to identify genes expressed in a circadian manner. Rhythmic genes were confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction using mouse tissue, primary chondrocytes, and a human chondrocyte cell line. Experimental OA was induced in mice by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM), and articular cartilage samples were microdissected and subjected to microarray analysis. ResultsMouse cartilage tissue and a human chondrocyte cell line were found to contain intrinsic molecular circadian clocks. The cartilage clock could be reset by temperature signals, while the circadian period was temperature compensated. PER2::luc bioluminescence demonstrated that circadian oscillations were significantly lower in amplitude in cartilage from aged mice. Time-series microarray analyses of the mouse tissue identified the first circadian transcriptome in cartilage, revealing that 615 genes (∼3.9% of the expressed genes) displayed a circadian pattern of expression. This included genes involved in cartilage homeostasis and survival, as well as genes with potential importance in the pathogenesis of OA. Several clock genes were disrupted in the early stages of cartilage degeneration in the DMM mouse model of OA. ConclusionThese results reveal an autonomous circadian clock in chondrocytes that can be implicated in key aspects of cartilage biology and pathology. Consequently, circadian disruption (e.g., during aging) may compromise tissue homeostasis and increase susceptibility to joint damage or disease.
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Modesto P, Peletto S, Pisoni G, Cremonesi P, Castiglioni B, Colussi S, Caramelli M, Bronzo V, Moroni P, Acutis PL. Evaluation of internal reference genes for quantitative expression analysis by real-time reverse transcription-PCR in somatic cells from goat milk. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:7932-44. [PMID: 24119819 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-6383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Reverse transcription (RT) quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is the most accurate and easy-to-perform technique to measure the expression level of a selected gene of interest by quantifying mRNA transcripts. The use of reference genes is commonly accepted as the most reliable approach to normalize RT-qPCR data and reduce possible errors generated in the quantification of gene expression. The optimal number and choice of reference genes are experimentally validated for specific tissues or cell types and experimental designs. To date, data on qPCR normalization in goats are scarce and the most suitable reference genes in this species have been identified for only a limited number of tissues. The aim of this study was to determine an optimal combination of stably expressed reference genes in caprine milk somatic cells (MSC) from healthy and infected mammary glands. For the purpose, we performed RT-qPCR for 10 commonly used reference genes from various functional classes and then determined their expression level in MSC from goats intramammary challenged with Staphylococcus aureus and in MSC from healthy controls, with a view to select genes whose stability would be unaffected under infection conditions. The geNorm and NormFinder algorithms were used for validating the reference genes. Furthermore, to demonstrate the importance of normalization of gene expression with appropriate reference genes, we tested the effect of using a combination of the least stable genes for expression analysis evaluation. On the basis of our evaluation, we recommend the use of a panel of reference genes that should include G6PD, YWHAZ, and ACTB for caprine MSC gene expression profiling. The expression of the 2 genes of interest, pentraxin-related protein (PTX3) and secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), was evaluated by RT-qPCR in all samples collected pre- and postinfection, and the recommended reference genes were used to normalize the data. Our study provides a validated panel of optimal reference genes for the identification of genes differentially expressed by qRT-PCR in caprine MSC. Moreover, we provided a set of intron-spanning primer sequences that could be suitable for gene expression experiments using SYBR Green chemistry on other caprine tissues and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Modesto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie per la Salute, la Produzione Animale e la Sicurezza Alimentare, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Kaspiris A, Khaldi L, Grivas TB, Vasiliadis E, Kouvaras I, Dagkas S, Chronopoulos E, Papadimitriou E. Subchondral cyst development and MMP-1 expression during progression of osteoarthritis: an immunohistochemical study. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2013; 99:523-9. [PMID: 23809184 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2013.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subchondral bone cyst (SBC) formation is often identified in patients with osteoarthritis. Furthermore, several studies have shown that expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is elevated in patients with OA. OBJECTIVES The aim of our study is to correlate the presence of SBCs and MMP-1 expression with the osteochondral alterations during OA progression. METHODS We studied the cartilage and subchondral bone of 15 patients who had undergone total knee or hip replacement due to primary OA. As controls, we used the femoral heads of three patients without macroscopic OA changes. We evaluated three specimens per patient. RESULTS Specimens were divided in four groups based on the Mankin histological severity score. Using immunohistochemistry, we noted SBCs at the site of greatest disease severity. Specifically, these were present more frequently in group III (Mankin score: 6-7) and IV (Mankin: ≥ 8), compared with group I (Mankin: 1-3) and II (Mankin: 4-5). Mild OA stages (Mankin: 1-6) were characterized by degeneration and thinning of the cartilage, followed by increased osteoblast and osteoclast activity of the subjacent bone and the subsequent appearance of SBCs. Simultaneously, we observed expression of MMP-1 in groups I and II in the cartilage and III and IV in both the cartilage and the subchondral bone. Moreover, osteoblast-like cells in the lining of the SBCs showed an increased expression of MMP-1 in stages III and IV. CONCLUSION Our study provides immunohistological evidence that SBCs accumulate in advanced OA and contain activated cells, which express MMP-1, suggesting that they may thus participate in the osteochondral changes of OA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III; prospective comparative study.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kaspiris
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Thriasio General Hospital of Attica - NHS, G. Gennimata avenue, Magoula, 19600 Athens, Greece.
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Bateman JF, Rowley L, Belluoccio D, Chan B, Bell K, Fosang AJ, Little CB. Transcriptomics of wild-type mice and mice lacking ADAMTS-5 activity identifies genes involved in osteoarthritis initiation and cartilage destruction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:1547-60. [PMID: 23436205 DOI: 10.1002/art.37900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify changes in gene expression in mice with osteoarthritis (OA) in order to explore the mechanisms of the disease. METHODS Gene expression profiling was performed in cartilage from mice with surgically induced OA. We used wild-type (WT) mice and Adamts5Δcat mice, in which ADAMTS-5 activity is lacking and aggrecan loss and cartilage erosion are inhibited, to distinguish gene expression changes that are independent of ADAMTS-5 activity and cartilage breakdown. Mechanical instability was introduced into the knee joints of 10-week-old male mice via surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). Cartilage from the developing lesion in the destabilized medial meniscus and corresponding regions in sham-operated joints was harvested by microdissection at 1, 2, and 6 weeks postsurgery, and RNA was extracted, amplified, and hybridized to whole-genome microarrays. RESULTS Several previously identified OA-related genes, including Ptgs2, Crlf1, and Inhba, and novel genes, such as Phdla2 and Il11, were up-regulated in both WT mice and Adamts5Δcat mice, indicating that they are independent of ADAMTS-5 activity. The altered expression of other genes, including Col10a1, the sentinel marker of cartilage hypertrophy, and Wnt/β-catenin pathway genes, required ADAMTS-5 activity. Cell death pathway genes were dysregulated, and Tp53, Foxo4, and Xbp1 endoplasmic reticulum-stress transcriptional networks were activated. Analysis of degradome genes identified up-regulation of many proteases, including Mmp3, Capn2, and the novel cartilage proteases Prss46 and Klk8. Comparison with other studies identified 16 genes also dysregulated in rat and human OA as priorities for study. CONCLUSION We have identified, for the first time, several genes that have an ADAMTS-5-independent role in OA, identifying them as possible OA initiation candidates. This work provides new insights into the sequence of gene dysregulation and the molecular basis of cartilage destruction in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Bateman
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute and University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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Rangkasenee N, Murani E, Schellander K, Cinar MU, Ponsuksili S, Wimmers K. Gene expression profiling of articular cartilage reveals functional pathways and networks of candidate genes for osteochondrosis in pigs. Physiol Genomics 2013; 45:856-65. [PMID: 23922127 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00055.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteochondrosis (OC) is a joint disorder that frequently causes leg weakness in growing pigs, resulting in welfare problems and economic losses. We aimed to detect molecular pathways relevant to the emergence of the disease and to identify candidate genes for the liability to the disorder. Therefore, we compared microarray-based expression patterns of articular cartilage with (n=11) and without (n=11) histologically diagnosed OC lesions obtained from discordant sib-pairs. A total of 1,564 genes were found with different transcript abundance [differentially expressed (DE) genes] at q≤0.05. To further identify candidate genes, we integrated data from quantitative trait loci (QTL) and genome-wide association (GWA) studies with the expression analysis. We detected 317 DE genes within the QTL confidence intervals, of which 26 DE genes also overlapped GWA regions. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis suggests a pathogenic role of immune response, angiogenesis, and synthesis of extracellular matrix pathways for OC. These processes could facilitate the emergence of defects. But they may also promote the degradation of articular cartilage and the worsening of the disease. A functional network was derived that comprised genes with functional and positional clues of their role in bone and cartilage metabolisms and development, including extracellular matrix genes (e.g., LOX, OGN, and ASPN), angiogenesis genes (e.g., ANGPTL4 and PDGFA), and immune response genes (e.g., ICAM1, AZGP1, C1QB, C1QC, PDE4B, and CDA). The study identified molecular processes linked to OC and several genes with positional, genetic-statistical, and functional evidence for their role in the emergence of articular cartilage lesions and the liability to OC.
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Tiaden AN, Richards PJ. The emerging roles of HTRA1 in musculoskeletal disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 182:1482-8. [PMID: 23499460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
High-temperature requirement serine protease A1 (HTRA1) is one of four known proteases belonging to the broadly conserved family of HTRA proteins. Although it was originally considered as representing an important modulator of tumorigenesis, an increasing number of reports have suggested that its influence on human disease may extend beyond cancer. HTRA1 has the capacity to degrade numerous extracellular matrix proteins, and as such, its potential involvement in diseases of the musculoskeletal system has been gaining increased attention. Musculoskeletal disease constitutes a wide variety of degenerative conditions that can manifest themselves in different ways such as joint and back pain, as well as deficiencies in skeletal bone quality, and ultimately result in significant suffering and reduced quality of life. Convincing data now exist to support a detrimental role for HTRA1 in the pathogenesis of joint and intervertebral disk degeneration. However, the function of HTRA1 in other closely related musculoskeletal diseases affecting bone and muscle remains unclear and largely unexplored. To help set the stage for future research, we discuss here some of the recent advances in our understanding of the role played by HTRA1 in musculoskeletal pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Nicki Tiaden
- Bone and Stem Cell Research Group, Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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McCulloch RS, Ashwell MS, O'Nan AT, Mente PL. Identification of stable normalization genes for quantitative real-time PCR in porcine articular cartilage. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2012; 3:36. [PMID: 23146128 PMCID: PMC3503854 DOI: 10.1186/2049-1891-3-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Expression levels for genes of interest must be normalized with an appropriate reference, or housekeeping gene, to make accurate comparisons of quantitative real-time PCR results. The purpose of this study was to identify the most stable housekeeping genes in porcine articular cartilage subjected to a mechanical injury from a panel of 10 candidate genes. Results Ten candidate housekeeping genes were evaluated in three different treatment groups of mechanically impacted porcine articular cartilage. The genes evaluated were: beta actin, beta-2-microglobulin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, hydroxymethylbilane synthase, hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase, peptidylprolyl isomerase A (cyclophilin A), ribosomal protein L4, succinate dehydrogenase flavoprotein subunit A, TATA box binding protein, and tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein—zeta polypeptide. The stability of the genes was measured using geNorm, BestKeeper, and NormFinder software. The four most stable genes measured via geNorm were (most to least stable) succinate dehydrogenase flavoprotein, subunit A, peptidylprolyl isomerase A, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, beta actin; the four most stable genes measured via BestKeeper were glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, peptidylprolyl isomerase A, beta actin, succinate dehydrogenase flavoprotein, subunit A; and the four most stable genes measured via NormFinder were peptidylprolyl isomerase A, succinate dehydrogenase flavoprotein, subunit A, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, beta actin. Conclusions BestKeeper, geNorm, and NormFinder all generated similar results for the most stable genes in porcine articular cartilage. The use of these appropriate reference genes will facilitate accurate gene expression studies of porcine articular cartilage and suggest appropriate housekeeping genes for articular cartilage studies in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S McCulloch
- Animal Science Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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Xu Y, Barter MJ, Swan DC, Rankin KS, Rowan AD, Santibanez-Koref M, Loughlin J, Young DA. Identification of the pathogenic pathways in osteoarthritic hip cartilage: commonality and discord between hip and knee OA. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2012; 20:1029-38. [PMID: 22659600 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define for the first time the transcriptomes of normal and end-stage osteoarthritis (OA) hip cartilage. MATERIALS AND METHODS RNA was isolated from cartilage within 2h of joint replacement surgery. Gene expression was analyzed using Agilent GeneSpring GX 11 following hybridization to Illumina Human HT-12 V3 microarrays. Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to validate the expression of six genes identified by microarray as differentially expressed. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) were used to investigate enriched functions or canonical pathways amongst differentially expressed genes respectively. RESULTS In total we identified 998 differentially expressed genes (fold change ≥ ±1.5, P-value ≤ 0.01) between neck of femur fracture (NOF) (n = 10) and OA hip (n = 9) patient cartilage. These differentially expressed genes were enriched within 71 canonical pathways. A comparison between a comparable knee dataset(20) only identified 229 genes similarly differentially expressed although remarkably 34 canonical pathways overlapped between experiments. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to report a comprehensive gene expression analysis of human hip OA cartilage compared to control (NOF) cartilage at the whole-genome level. Our differential gene expression dataset shows excellent correlation with similar defined studies using comparable tissue but reveals discord between hip and knee OA at the individual gene status but with commonality with regards the molecular pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Xu
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, 4th Floor, Cookson Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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Karasik D, Cohen-Zinder M. The genetic pleiotropy of musculoskeletal aging. Front Physiol 2012; 3:303. [PMID: 22934054 PMCID: PMC3429074 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal aging is detrimental to multiple bodily functions and starts early, probably in the fourth decade of an individual's life. Sarcopenia is a health problem that is expected to only increase as a greater portion of the population lives longer; prevalence of the related musculoskeletal diseases is similarly expected to increase. Unraveling the biological and biomechanical associations and molecular mechanisms underlying these diseases represents a formidable challenge. There are two major problems making disentangling the biological complexity of musculoskeletal aging difficult: (a) it is a systemic, rather than "compartmental," problem, which should be approached accordingly, and (b) the aging per se is neither well defined nor reliably measurable. A unique challenge of studying any age-related condition is a need of distinguishing between the "norm" and "pathology," which are interwoven throughout the aging organism. We argue that detecting genes with pleiotropic functions in musculoskeletal aging is needed to provide insights into the potential biological mechanisms underlying inter-individual differences insusceptibility to the musculoskeletal diseases. However, exploring pleiotropic relationships among the system's components is challenging both methodologically and conceptually. We aimed to focus on genetic aspects of the cross-talk between muscle and its "neighboring" tissues and organs (tendon, bone, and cartilage), and to explore the role of genetics to find the new molecular links between skeletal muscle and other parts of the "musculoskeleton." Identification of significant genetic variants underlying the musculoskeletal system's aging is now possible more than ever due to the currently available advanced genomic technologies. In summary, a "holistic" genetic approach is needed to study the systems's normal functioning and the disease predisposition in order to improve musculoskeletal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Karasik
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University Safed, Israel
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Lee SG, Lee EJ, Park WD, Kim JB, Kim EO, Choi SW. Anti-inflammatory and anti-osteoarthritis effects of fermented Achyranthes japonica Nakai. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 142:634-641. [PMID: 22668504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Achyranthyes japonica Nakai (AJN) has been traditionally used to control pain and improve dysfunction in osteoarthritis (OA) patients. AIM OF THE STUDY The objectives of the present study were to investigate anti-inflammatory and anti-osteoarthritis activities of fermented AJN (FAJN). MATERIALS AND METHODS Anti-inflammatory activity of non-fermented AJN (NFAJN) and FAJN was evaluated by in vitro assay using LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, their cartilage protective effects were also determined in vitro assay using SW1353 cell and in vivo model system using collagenase-induced arthritis (CIA) in rabbits. Moreover, we isolated and identified 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-HES) as a marker component in FAJN. RESULT FAJN showed stronger anti-inflammatory activity than NFAJN through inhibiting production of NO and PGE2 in LPS-induced RAW 264.7, and lowering levels of MMP-3 release in SW1353 cells treated with TNF-a. FAJN contained higher levels of 20-HES, as a marker component, than AJN. FAJN ameliorates the progress of OA by inhibiting local inflammation. It does this by regulating levels of TNF-a and IL-4, and protecting articular cartilage by preventing destruction of proteoglycan, collagens, and also preventing injury to chondrocytes. CONCLUSION Therefore, FAJN is a potential therapeutic agent for reduction of cartilage damage that occurs in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Gyu Lee
- Bio Research Institute, NUC Electronics Co. Ltd, Daegu 702-053, Republic of Korea.
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Loeser RF, Olex AL, McNulty MA, Carlson CS, Callahan MF, Ferguson CM, Chou J, Leng X, Fetrow JS. Microarray analysis reveals age-related differences in gene expression during the development of osteoarthritis in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:705-17. [PMID: 21972019 DOI: 10.1002/art.33388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To better understand the contribution of age to the development of osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) was used to model OA in 12-week-old and 12-month-old male C57BL/6 mice. OA severity was evaluated histologically. RNA used for microarray and real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis was isolated from joint tissue collected from the medial side of the joint, including cartilage, meniscus, subchondral bone, and the joint capsule with synovium. Computational analysis was used to identify patterns of gene expression, and immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate tissue distribution of selected proteins. RESULTS OA was more severe in older mice than in young mice. Only 55 genes showed a similar expression with DMM-induced OA in the 2 age groups, while 493 genes showed differential expression, the majority having increased expression in older mice. Functional categories for similarly expressed genes included extracellular matrix- and cell adhesion-related genes; differentially expressed genes included those related to muscle structure and development and immune response genes. Comparison of expression in sham-operated control joints revealed an age-related decrease in matrix gene expression and an increase in immune and defense response gene expression. Interleukin-33 was present in multiple joint tissue cells, while CCL21 was more localized to chondrocytes and meniscal cells. Periostin was found in the extracellular matrix of cartilage and meniscus. CONCLUSION Age affects both the basal pattern of gene expression in joint tissues and the response to surgically induced OA. Examining tissue from the joint beyond only cartilage revealed novel genes and proteins that would be important to consider in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard F Loeser
- Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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