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Shah U, Patel N, Patel M, Rohit S, Solanki N, Patel A, Patel S, Patel V, Patel R, Jawarkar RD. Computational Exploration of Naturally Occurring Flavonoids as TGF-β Inhibitors in Breast Cancer: Insights from Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulations and In-vitro Cytotoxicity Study. Chem Biodivers 2024:e202301903. [PMID: 38623839 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a global health concern, demanding innovative treatments. Targeting the Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway, pivotal in breast cancer, is a promising approach. TGF-β inhibits proliferation via G1 phase cell cycle arrest, acting as a suppressor initially, but in later stages, it promotes progression by enhancing motility, invasiveness, and metastasis formation. This study explores naturally occurring flavonoids' interactions with TGF-β. Using molecular docking against the protein's crystal structure (PDB Id: 1PY5), Gossypin showed the highest docking score and underwent molecular dynamics simulation, revealing complex flexibility and explaining how flavonoids impede TGF-β signaling in breast cancer. ADMET predictions adhered to Lipinski's rule of Five. Insights into flavonoid-TGF-β binding offer a novel angle for breast cancer treatment. Flavonoids having a good docking score like gossypin, morin, luteolin and taxifolin shown potent cytotoxic effect on breast cancer cell line, MCF-7. Understanding these interactions could inspire flavonoid-based therapies targeting TGF-β to halt breast cancer growth. These findings pave the way for personalized, targeted breast cancer therapies, offering hope against this formidable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umang Shah
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, 388421, India
| | - Niyati Patel
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, 388421, India
| | - Mehul Patel
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, 388421, India
| | - Shishir Rohit
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, 388421, India
- Kashiv Biosciences Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad, India
| | - Nilay Solanki
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, 388421, India
| | - Ashish Patel
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, 388421, India
| | - Swayamprakash Patel
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, 388421, India
| | - Vishwa Patel
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, 388421, India
| | - Rajvi Patel
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, 388421, India
| | - Rahul D Jawarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr Rajendra Gode Institute of Pharmacy, Mardi Road, Amravati, Maharashtra, India, 444602
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Chen Z, Wang Y, Lu X, Chen H, Kong Y, Rong L, Wang G. The immune regulation and therapeutic potential of the SMAD gene family in breast cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6769. [PMID: 38514720 PMCID: PMC10958012 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57189-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a serious threat to human health. The transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway is an important pathway involved in the occurrence and development of cancer. The SMAD family genes are responsible for the TGF-β signaling pathway. However, the mechanism by which genes of the SMAD family are involved in breast cancer is still unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the biological roles of the SMAD family genes in breast cancer. We downloaded the gene expression data, gene mutation data, and clinical pathological data of breast cancer patients from the UCSC Xena database. We used the Wilcox test to estimate the expression of genes of the SMAD family in cancers. And the biological functions of SMAD family genes using the DAVID website. The Pearson correlation method was used to explore the immune cell infiltration and drug response of SMAD family genes. We conducted in biological experiments vitro and vivo. In this study, we integrated the multi-omics data from TCGA breast cancer patients for analysis. The expression of genes of SMAD family was significantly dysregulated in patients with breast cancer. Except for SMAD6, the expression of other SMAD family genes was positively correlated. We also found that genes of the SMAD family were significantly enriched in the TGF-β signaling pathway, Hippo signaling pathway, cell cycle, and cancer-related pathways. In addition, SMAD3, SMAD6, and SMAD7 were lowly expressed in stage II breast cancer, while SMAD4 and SMAD2 were lowly expressed in stage III cancer. Furthermore, the expression of genes of the SMAD family was significantly correlated with immune cell infiltration scores. Constructing a xenograft tumor mouse model, we found that SMAD3 knockdown significantly inhibited tumorigenesis. Finally, we analyzed the association between these genes and the IC50 value of drugs. Interestingly, patients with high expression of SMAD3 exhibited significant resistance to dasatinib and staurosporine, while high sensitivity to tamoxifen and auranofin. In addition, SMAD3 knockdown promoted the apoptosis of BT-549 cells and decreased cell activity, and BAY-1161909 and XK-469 increased drug efficacy. In conclusion, genes of the SMAD family play a crucial role in the development of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Haping Road No. 150, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Haping Road No. 150, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaodi Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Haping Road No. 150, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Haping Road No. 150, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yiran Kong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Haping Road No. 150, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Liwei Rong
- Department of Medical Records, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Haping Road No. 150, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guonian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
- Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.
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3
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Łabędź N, Anisiewicz A, Stachowicz-Suhs M, Banach J, Kłopotowska D, Maciejczyk A, Gazińska P, Piotrowska A, Dzięgiel P, Matkowski R, Wietrzyk J. Dual effect of vitamin D 3 on breast cancer-associated fibroblasts. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:209. [PMID: 38360633 PMCID: PMC10868064 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-11961-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play an important role in the tumor microenvironment. Despite the well-known in vitro antitumoral effect of vitamin D3 (VD3), its impact on breast CAFs is almost unknown. In this study, we analyzed the ex vivo effects of calcitriol on CAFs isolated from breast cancer tissues. METHODS CAFs were cultured with 1 and 10 nM calcitriol and their phenotype; gene expression, protein expression, and secretion were assessed. Calcitriol-treated CAFs-conditioned media (CM) were used to analyze the effect of CAFs on the migration and protein expression of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. RESULTS Tumor tissues from VD3-deficient patients exhibited lower levels of β-catenin and TGFβ1, along with higher levels of CYP24A1 compared to VD3-normal patients. In VD3-deficient patients, CAF infiltration was inversely associated with CYP24A1 levels and positively correlated with OPN levels. Calcitriol diminished CAFs' viability, but this effect was weaker in premenopausal and VD3-normal patients. Calcitriol reduced mRNA expression of CCL2, MMP9, TNC, and increased PDPN, SPP1, and TIMP1. It also decreased the secretion of CCL2, TNC, and the activity of MMP-2, while increasing cellular levels of TIMP1 in CAFs from all patient groups. In nonmetastatic and postmenopausal patients, PDPN surface expression increased, and CAFs CM from these groups decreased MCF-7 cell migration after ex vivo calcitriol treatment. In premenopausal and VD3-deficient patients, calcitriol reduced IDO1 expression in CAFs. Calcitriol-treated CAFs CM from these patients decreased OPN expression in MCF-7 and/or MDA-MB-231 cells. However, in premenopausal patients, calcitriol-treated CAFs CM also decreased E-cadherin expression in both cell lines. CONCLUSION The effects of calcitriol on breast CAFs, both at the gene and protein levels, are complex, reflecting the immunosuppressive or procancer properties of CAFs. The anticancer polarization of CAFs following ex vivo calcitriol treatment may result from decreased CCL2, TNC (gene and protein), MMP9, and MMP-2, while the opposite effect may result from increased PDPN, TIMP1 (gene and protein), and SPP1. Despite these multifaceted effects of calcitriol on molecule expression, CAFs' CMs from nonmetastatic and postmenopausal patients treated ex vivo with calcitriol decreased the migration of MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Łabędź
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland.
- Łukasiewicz Research Network-PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Stabłowicka 147, 54-066, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Artur Anisiewicz
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Martyna Stachowicz-Suhs
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Banach
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dagmara Kłopotowska
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adam Maciejczyk
- Department of Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Pl. Ludwika Hirszfelda 12, 53-413, Wroclaw, Poland
- Lower Silesian Oncology, Pulmonology and Hematology Center, Pl. Ludwika Hirszfelda 12, 53-413, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Patrycja Gazińska
- Łukasiewicz Research Network-PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Stabłowicka 147, 54-066, Wrocław, Poland
- Research Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, Great Maze Pond, King's College London, London, SE1 3SS, UK
| | - Aleksandra Piotrowska
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Ul., Chałubińskiego 6a, 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Ul., Chałubińskiego 6a, 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Matkowski
- Department of Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Pl. Ludwika Hirszfelda 12, 53-413, Wroclaw, Poland
- Lower Silesian Oncology, Pulmonology and Hematology Center, Pl. Ludwika Hirszfelda 12, 53-413, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
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Petersen SH, Al Badawy K, Hopkins R, Vu DL, Rahmani M, Maia SM, Connolly JE. A novel GPI-anchored dominant-negative TGF-β receptor II renders T cells unresponsive to TGF-β signaling. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 31:100730. [PMID: 37829123 PMCID: PMC10565558 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.100730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic cytokine expressed by a wide range of cell types and is known for hampering the effectiveness of cancer immune cell therapeutic approaches. We have designed a novel construct containing the extracellular domain of the TGF-β receptor II linked to a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor (GPI-ecto-TβRII) lacking the transmembrane and cytoplasmic signaling domain of TGF-β receptor II (TβRII). T cells transduced with lentivirus expressing the GPI-ecto-TβRII construct show 5 to 15 times higher membrane expression compared with a previously established dominant-negative receptor carrying a truncated signaling domain. GPI-ecto-TβRII expression renders T cells unresponsive to TGF-β-induced signaling seen by a lack of SMAD phosphorylation upon exogeneous TGF-β treatment. Transduced T cells continue to express high levels of IFNγ and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), among other cytokines, in the presence of TGF-β while cytokine expression in untransduced T cells is being markedly suppressed. Furthermore, T cells expressing GPI-ecto-TβRII constructs have been shown to efficiently capture and inactivate TGF-β from their environment. These results indicate the potential benefits of GPI-ecto-TβRII expressing cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) in future cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dang L. Vu
- Tessa Therapeutics, Singapore, Singapore
- Program in Translational Immunology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A∗STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Sonia M.P. Maia
- Tessa Therapeutics, Singapore, Singapore
- Program in Translational Immunology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A∗STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - John E. Connolly
- Tessa Therapeutics, Singapore, Singapore
- Program in Translational Immunology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A∗STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunity, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University Medical Center, Waco, TX, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
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5
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Hussen BM, Hidayat HJ, Abdullah SR, Mohamadtahr S, Rasul MF, Samsami M, Taheri M. Role of long non-coding RNAs and TGF-β signaling in the regulation of breast cancer pathogenesis and therapeutic targets. Cytokine 2023; 170:156351. [PMID: 37657235 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
The cytokine known as transforming growth factor (TGF) is essential for cell development, differentiation, and apoptosis in BC. TGF-β dysregulation can either promote or inhibit tumor development, and it is a key signaling pathway in BC spread. A recently identified family of ncRNAs known as lncRNAs has received a great deal of effort and is an important regulator of many cellular processes, including transcription of genes, chromatin remodeling, progression of the cell cycle, and posttranscriptional processing. Furthermore, both TGF-β signaling and lncRNAs serve as important early-stage biomarkers for BC diagnosis and prognosis and also play a significant role in BC drug resistance. According to recent studies, lncRNAs can regulate TGF-β by modulating its cofactors in BC. However, the particular functions of lncRNAs and the TGF-β pathway in controlling BC progression are not well understood yet. This review explores the lncRNAs' functional properties in BC as tumor suppressors or oncogenes in the regulation of genes, with a focus on dysregulated TGF-β signaling. Further, we emphasize the functional roles of lncRNAs and TGF-β pathway in the progression of BC to discover new treatment strategies and better comprehend the fundamental cellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44001, Iraq
| | - Hazha Jamal Hidayat
- Department of Biology, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Snur Rasool Abdullah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Lebanese French University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Sayran Mohamadtahr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Fatih Rasul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Basic Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Majid Samsami
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Guan XQ, Yuan XN, Feng KX, Shao YC, Liu Q, Yang ZL, Chen YY, Deng J, Hu MS, Li J, Tian YH, Chu MF, Zhang JW, Wei L. IGF2BP2-modified UBE2D1 interacts with Smad2/3 to promote the progression of breast cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:2948-2968. [PMID: 37560007 PMCID: PMC10408479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2D1 (UBE2D1) is involved in tumor progression. In this study, we found that UBE2D1 expression was upregulated in breast cancer (BC) and was related to the prognosis of BC patients. Through in vitro and in vivo experiments, we demonstrated the aberrant expression of UBE2D1 promoted the proliferation and migration of BC cells, and the IGF2BP2-mediated N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification increased the stability of UBE2D1 mRNA. Mechanistically, UBE2D1 expression regulated the activity of TGF-β signaling through modulating the expression and the phosphorylation level of Smad2/3. Furthermore, UBE2D1 directly bound to Smad2/3 and affected the subsequent binding of Smad2 and Smad3, which is a necessary step for TGF-β signaling activation. Thus, our study reveals a pro-oncogenic role of UBE2D1 in the progression of BC and may provide novel strategies for BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Guan
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ning Yuan
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Kai-Xiang Feng
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study CenterWuhan 430071, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - You-Cheng Shao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Lin Yang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Yan Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study CenterWuhan 430071, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jin Deng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Shun Hu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study CenterWuhan 430071, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study CenterWuhan 430071, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Hao Tian
- Department of Human Anatomy, TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Fei Chu
- Department of Human Anatomy, TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Wei Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study CenterWuhan 430071, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071, Hubei, P. R. China
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7
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Organotropism of breast cancer metastasis: A comprehensive approach to the shared gene network. GENE REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2023.101749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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8
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Farhangfar SD, Fesahat F, Zare-Zardini H, Dehghan-Manshadi M, Zare F, Miresmaeili SM, Vajihinejad M, Soltaninejad H. In vivo study of anticancer activity of ginsenoside Rh2-containing arginine-reduced graphene in a mouse model of breast cancer. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:1442-1451. [PMID: 36544523 PMCID: PMC9742569 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.66065.14524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to evaluate the in vivo anticancer activity of arginine-reduced graphene (Gr-Arg) and ginsenoside Rh2-containing arginine-reduced graphene (Gr-Arg-Rh2). Materials and Methods Thirty-two mice with breast cancer were divided into four groups and treated every three days for 32 days: Group 1, PBS, Group 2, Rh2, Group 3, Gr-Arg, and Group 4, Gr-Arg-Rh2. The tumor size and weight, gene expression (IL10, INF-γ, TGFβ, and FOXP3), and pathological properties of the tumor and normal tissues were assessed. Results Results showed a significant decrease in TGFβ expression for all drug treatment groups compared with the controls (P=0.04). There was no significant difference among the groups regarding IL10 and FOXP3 gene expression profiles (P>0.05). Gr-Arg-Rh2 significantly inhibited tumor growth (size and weight) compared with Rh2 and control groups. The highest survival rate and the highest percentage of tumor necrosis (87.5%) belonged to the Gr-Arg-Rh2 group. Lungs showed metastasis in the control group. No metastasis was observed in the Gr-Arg-Rh2 group. Gr-Arg-Rh2 showed partial degeneration of hepatocytes and acute cell infiltration in the portal spaces and around the central vein. The Gr-Arg group experienced a moderate infiltration of acute cells into the port spaces and around the central vein. The Rh2 group also showed a mild infiltration of acute and chronic cells in portal spaces. Conclusion Based on the results, Gr-Arg-Rh2 can reduce tumor size, weight, and growth, TGF-β gene expression, and increase tumor necrosis and survival time in mice with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Dokht Farhangfar
- Department of Biology, Science and Arts University, Yazd, Iran, Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran,These authors contributed eqully to this work
| | - Farzaneh Fesahat
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran,These authors contributed eqully to this work
| | - Hadi Zare-Zardini
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Meybod University, Meybod, Iran,Corresponding author: Hadi Zare-Zardini. Hematology, and Oncology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Tel: +98-3531834231;
| | - Mahdi Dehghan-Manshadi
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fateme Zare
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Vajihinejad
- Department of Pathology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hossein Soltaninejad
- Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Torregrosa C, Chorin F, Beltran EEM, Neuzillet C, Cardot-Ruffino V. Physical Activity as the Best Supportive Care in Cancer: The Clinician's and the Researcher's Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5402. [PMID: 36358820 PMCID: PMC9655932 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidisciplinary supportive care, integrating the dimensions of exercise alongside oncological treatments, is now regarded as a new paradigm to improve patient survival and quality of life. Its impact is important on the factors that control tumor development, such as the immune system, inflammation, tissue perfusion, hypoxia, insulin resistance, metabolism, glucocorticoid levels, and cachexia. An increasing amount of research has been published in the last years on the effects of physical activity within the framework of oncology, marking the appearance of a new medical field, commonly known as "exercise oncology". This emerging research field is trying to determine the biological mechanisms by which, aerobic exercise affects the incidence of cancer, the progression and/or the appearance of metastases. We propose an overview of the current state of the art physical exercise interventions in the management of cancer patients, including a pragmatic perspective with tips for routine practice. We then develop the emerging mechanistic views about physical exercise and their potential clinical applications. Moving toward a more personalized, integrated, patient-centered, and multidisciplinary management, by trying to understand the different interactions between the cancer and the host, as well as the impact of the disease and the treatments on the different organs, this seems to be the most promising method to improve the care of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Torregrosa
- Oncologie Digestive, Département d’Oncologie Médicale Institut Curie, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin—Université Paris Saclay, 35, rue Dailly, 92210 Saint-Cloud, France
- Département de Chirurgie Digestive et Oncologique, Hôpital Universitaire Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 9 avenue Charles de Gaulle, 92100 Boulogne Billancourt, France
| | - Frédéric Chorin
- Laboratoire Motricité Humaine, Expertise, Sport, Santé (LAMHESS), HEALTHY Graduate School, Université Côte d’Azur, 06205 Nice, France
- Clinique Gériatrique du Cerveau et du Mouvement, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d’Azur, 06205 Nice, France
| | - Eva Ester Molina Beltran
- Oncologie Digestive, Département d’Oncologie Médicale Institut Curie, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin—Université Paris Saclay, 35, rue Dailly, 92210 Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Cindy Neuzillet
- Oncologie Digestive, Département d’Oncologie Médicale Institut Curie, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin—Université Paris Saclay, 35, rue Dailly, 92210 Saint-Cloud, France
- GERCOR, 151 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75011 Paris, France
| | - Victoire Cardot-Ruffino
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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10
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Shukla N, Naik A, Moryani K, Soni M, Shah J, Dave H. TGF-β at the crossroads of multiple prognosis in breast cancer, and beyond. Life Sci 2022; 310:121011. [PMID: 36179816 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), a pluripotent cytokine and a multifunctional growth factor has a crucial role in varied biological mechanisms like invasion, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, apoptosis, wound healing, and immunosuppression. Moreover, it also has an imperative role both in normal mammary gland development as well as breast carcinogenesis. TGF-β has shown to have a paradoxical role in breast carcinogenesis, by transitioning from a growth inhibitor to a growth promoter with the disease advancement. The inter-communication and crosstalk of TGF-β with different signaling pathways has strengthened the likelihood to explore it as a comprehensive biomarker. In the last two decades, TGF-β has been studied extensively and has been found to be a promising biomarker for early detection, disease monitoring, treatment selection, and tumor progression making it beneficial for disease management. In this review, we focus on the signaling pathways and biological activities of the TGF-β family in breast cancer pathogenesis and its role as a circulatory and independent biomarker for breast cancer progression and metastasis. Moreover, this review highlights TGF-β as a drug target, and the underlying mechanisms through which it is involved in tumorigenesis that will aid in the development of varied therapies targeting the different stages of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirali Shukla
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Ankit Naik
- Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 390009, India
| | - Kamlesh Moryani
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Molisha Soni
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Jigna Shah
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Heena Dave
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India.
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11
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Saldías MP, Maureira D, Orellana-Serradell O, Silva I, Lavanderos B, Cruz P, Torres C, Cáceres M, Cerda O. TRP Channels Interactome as a Novel Therapeutic Target in Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:621614. [PMID: 34178620 PMCID: PMC8222984 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.621614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most frequent cancer types worldwide and the first cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Although significant therapeutic advances have been achieved with drugs such as tamoxifen and trastuzumab, breast cancer still caused 627,000 deaths in 2018. Since cancer is a multifactorial disease, it has become necessary to develop new molecular therapies that can target several relevant cellular processes at once. Ion channels are versatile regulators of several physiological- and pathophysiological-related mechanisms, including cancer-relevant processes such as tumor progression, apoptosis inhibition, proliferation, migration, invasion, and chemoresistance. Ion channels are the main regulators of cellular functions, conducting ions selectively through a pore-forming structure located in the plasma membrane, protein–protein interactions one of their main regulatory mechanisms. Among the different ion channel families, the Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) family stands out in the context of breast cancer since several members have been proposed as prognostic markers in this pathology. However, only a few approaches exist to block their specific activity during tumoral progress. In this article, we describe several TRP channels that have been involved in breast cancer progress with a particular focus on their binding partners that have also been described as drivers of breast cancer progression. Here, we propose disrupting these interactions as attractive and potential new therapeutic targets for treating this neoplastic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Paz Saldías
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Maureira
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Octavio Orellana-Serradell
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Ian Silva
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Boris Lavanderos
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Cruz
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Torres
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Mónica Cáceres
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile.,The Wound Repair, Treatment, and Health (WoRTH) Initiative, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oscar Cerda
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile.,The Wound Repair, Treatment, and Health (WoRTH) Initiative, Santiago, Chile
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12
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Li C, Wang L. Molecular characterization, expression and functional analysis of TGFβ1-b in crucian carp (Carassius carassius). Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:1392-1401. [PMID: 33045298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) is a polyfunctional cytokine with important roles in growth, differentiation and immune function in various animals. In this study, PCR, bioinformatics, real-time quantitative PCR, prokaryotic expression, protein purification and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS) were applied to investigate the structural features and function of TGFβ1-b in crucian carp. The complete coding sequence (CDS) of TGFβ1-b was 1134 bp in length and was submitted to GenBank (ID: MH473141). TGFβ1-b encoded a putative protein of 377 amino acids and included a signal peptide consisting of 22 amino acids. TGFβ1-b was relatively conservative in fish and distant from mammals in terms of evolutionary relationship. TGFβ1-b was found to be expressed in various tissues, with the highest expression in the kidney. The expressions of TGFβ1-b in muscle, heart and liver were increased with the addition of Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecium at 30 days (p < 0.01). While, the expressions of SMAD2, SMAD3 and SMAD7 were also up-regulated with the addition of R. palustris at 20 days (p < 0.01). The expression of TGFβ1-b could be affected by time and group factors (p < 0.05). Moreover, the expression vector TGFβ1-b-pDE2 was successfully constructed. Prokaryotic expression indicated that a 43 kDa target protein was obtained after induction with 1.5 mM isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) for 3.5 h at 37 °C for 200 r/h. The activities of alkaline phosphatase and lysozyme in injection TGFβ1-b protein group (ITg) and feeding broken bacterial liquid group (BTg) were significantly increased at 24 h (p < 0.01). And the activities of superoxide dismutase in ITg were significantly increased at 36 h (p < 0.01). Besides, the expressions of heat shock protein 30 and heat shock protein 47 in ITg and BTg were significantly increased (p < 0.01). Whereas, the expression of interleukin-11 was significantly reduced (p < 0.01). These results indicated that TGFβ1-b protein might play a role in immunity of crucian carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chendu 610041, PR China; Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chendu 610041, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chendu 610041, PR China.
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13
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Kour A, Sambyal V, Guleria K, Singh NR, Uppal MS, Manjari M, Sudan M. In silico pathway analysis based on chromosomal instability in breast cancer patients. BMC Med Genomics 2020; 13:168. [PMID: 33167967 PMCID: PMC7653868 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-00811-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complex genomic changes that arise in tumors are a consequence of chromosomal instability. In tumor cells genomic aberrations disrupt core signaling pathways involving various genes, thus delineating of signaling pathways can help understand the pathogenesis of cancer. The bioinformatics tools can further help in identifying networks of interactions between the genes to get a greater biological context of all genes affected by chromosomal instability. METHODS Karyotypic analyses was done in 150 clinically confirmed breast cancer patients and 150 age and gender matched healthy controls after 72 h Peripheral lymphocyte culturing and GTG-banding. Reactome database from Cytoscape software version 3.7.1 was used to perform in-silico analysis (functional interaction and gene enrichment). RESULTS Frequency of chromosomal aberrations (structural and numerical) was found to be significantly higher in patients as compared to controls. The genes harbored by chromosomal regions showing increased aberration frequency in patients were further analyzed in-silico. Pathway analysis on a set of genes that were not linked together revealed that genes HDAC3, NCOA1, NLRC4, COL1A1, RARA, WWTR1, and BRCA1 were enriched in the RNA Polymerase II Transcription pathway which is involved in recruitment, initiation, elongation and dissociation during transcription. CONCLUSION The current study employs the information inferred from chromosomal instability analysis in a non-target tissue for determining the genes and the pathways associated with breast cancer. These results can be further extrapolated by performing either mutation analysis in the genes/pathways deduced or expression analysis which can pinpoint the relevant functional impact of chromosomal instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akeen Kour
- Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Vasudha Sambyal
- Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
| | - Kamlesh Guleria
- Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Neeti Rajan Singh
- Department of Surgery, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Vallah, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Manjit Singh Uppal
- Department of Surgery, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Vallah, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Mridu Manjari
- Department of Pathology, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Vallah, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Meena Sudan
- Department of Radiotherapy, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Vallah, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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14
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Liu N, Qi D, Jiang J, Zhang J, Yu C. Expression pattern of p-Smad2/Smad4 as a predictor of survival in invasive breast ductal carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:1789-1798. [PMID: 32194672 PMCID: PMC7039132 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study examined SMAD family member 4 (Smad4), SMAD family member 2 (Smad2) and phosphorylated (p-)Smad2 expression in biopsy specimens from patients with invasive breast ductal carcinoma, in order to assess their abilities as prognostic markers. A total of 126 tissue samples were selected, and the expression of Smad2, p-Smad2 and Smad4 in carcinoma tissues was detected by immunostaining, and the association between protein expression and clinicopathological variables was analyzed. Smad4 expression was negatively correlated with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 in carcinoma tissues, and Smad4 expression was consistent with that of p-Smad2. Although multivariate analysis revealed that Smad2, p-Smad2 and Smad4 were not independent predictors, Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated that Smad4 positivity was correlated with a longer overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) time. However, upon analysis of combined markers, there was a significant difference between the p-Smad2/Smad4 co-positive and co-negative patients; the latter tended to exhibit a shorter OS and PFS time, and multivariate analysis revealed that the combined expression of p-Smad2 and Smad4 may be used as an independent prognostic factor. These results suggested that the assessment of p-Smad2 and Smad4 protein expression in breast ductal carcinoma biopsy specimens may provide additional prognostic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Medicine College of Beihua University, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
| | - Dongxue Qi
- Department of Pathology, Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin 132011, P.R. China
| | - Jihong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin 132011, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Yu
- Department of Pathology, Medicine College of Beihua University, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
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15
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Choi S, Yu J, Park A, Dubon MJ, Do J, Kim Y, Nam D, Noh J, Park KS. BMP-4 enhances epithelial mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell properties of breast cancer cells via Notch signaling. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11724. [PMID: 31409851 PMCID: PMC6692307 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48190-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling and Notch signaling play important roles in tumorigenesis in various organs and tissues, including the breast. BMP-4 enhanced epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stem cell properties in both mammary epithelial cell line and breast carcinoma cell line. BMP-4 increased the expression of EMT biomarkers, such as fibronectin, laminin, N-cadherin, and Slug. BMP-4 also activated Notch signaling in these cells and increased the sphere forming efficiency of the non-transformed mammary epithelial cell line MCF-10A. In addition, BMP-4 upregulated the sphere forming efficiency, colony formation efficiency, and the expression of cancer stem cell markers, such as Nanog and CD44, in the breast carcinoma cell line MDA-MB-231. Inhibition of Notch signaling downregulated EMT and stem cell properties induced by BMP-4. Down-regulation of Smad4 using siRNA impaired the BMP-4-induced activation of Notch signaling, as well as the BMP-4-mediated EMT. These results suggest that EMT and stem cell properties are increased in mammary epithelial cells and breast cancer cells through the activation of Notch signaling in a Smad4-dependent manner in response to BMP-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghyuk Choi
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Jinyeong Yu
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Aran Park
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Maria Jose Dubon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Jungbeom Do
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Youngjae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Donghyun Nam
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Jinok Noh
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Ki-Sook Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea. .,East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea. .,College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
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16
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Sun Q, Zhou WX, Fan J. Adaptive Huber Regression. J Am Stat Assoc 2019; 115:254-265. [PMID: 33139964 PMCID: PMC7603940 DOI: 10.1080/01621459.2018.1543124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Big data can easily be contaminated by outliers or contain variables with heavy-tailed distributions, which makes many conventional methods inadequate. To address this challenge, we propose the adaptive Huber regression for robust estimation and inference. The key observation is that the robustification parameter should adapt to the sample size, dimension and moments for optimal tradeoff between bias and robustness. Our theoretical framework deals with heavy-tailed distributions with bounded (1 + δ)-th moment for any δ > 0. We establish a sharp phase transition for robust estimation of regression parameters in both low and high dimensions: when δ ≥ 1, the estimator admits a sub-Gaussian-type deviation bound without sub-Gaussian assumptions on the data, while only a slower rate is available in the regime 0 < δ < 1 and the transition is smooth and optimal. In addition, we extend the methodology to allow both heavy-tailed predictors and observation noise. Simulation studies lend further support to the theory. In a genetic study of cancer cell lines that exhibit heavy-tailedness, the proposed methods are shown to be more robust and predictive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Sun
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada
| | - Wen-Xin Zhou
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Jianqing Fan
- Honorary Professor, School of Data Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China and Frederick L. Moore '18 Professor of Finance, Department of Operations Research and Financial Engineering, Princeton University, NJ 08544
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17
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Ning J, Zhao Y, Ye Y, Yu J. Opposing roles and potential antagonistic mechanism between TGF-β and BMP pathways: Implications for cancer progression. EBioMedicine 2019; 41:702-710. [PMID: 30808576 PMCID: PMC6442991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily participates in tumour proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, migration, invasion, immune evasion and extracellular matrix remodelling. Genetic deficiency in distinct components of TGF-β and BMP-induced signalling pathways or their excessive activation has been reported to regulate the development and progression of some cancers. As more in-depth studies about this superfamily have been conducted, more evidence suggests that the TGF-β and BMP pathways play an opposing role. The cross-talk of these 2 pathways has been widely studied in kidney disease and bone formation, and the opposing effects have also been observed in some cancers. However, the antagonistic mechanisms are still insufficiently investigated in cancer. In this review, we aim to display more evidences and possible mechanisms accounting for the antagonism between these 2 pathways, which might provide some clues for further study in cancer. Describe the basics of TGF-β and BMP signalling Summarize the potential mechanisms accounting for the antagonism between TGF-β and BMP pathways Provide some evidence about the antagonistic effects between pathways observed in some cancers
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Ning
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, PR China; Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Advanced Computer Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yingnan Ye
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Jinpu Yu
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, PR China; Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, PR China.
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18
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Santos-Buitrago B, Riesco A, Knapp M, Alcantud JCR, Santos-GARCíA G, Talcott C. Soft Set Theory for Decision Making in Computational Biology under Incomplete Information. IEEE ACCESS : PRACTICAL INNOVATIONS, OPEN SOLUTIONS 2019; 7:18183-18193. [PMID: 31788396 PMCID: PMC6884365 DOI: 10.1109/access.2019.2896947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The study of biological systems is complex and of great importance. There exist numerous approaches to signal transduction processes, including symbolic modeling of cellular adaptation. The use of formal methods for computational systems biology eases the analysis of cellular models and the establishment of the causes and consequences of certain cellular situations associated to diseases. In this paper, we define an application of logic modeling with rewriting logic and soft set theory. Our approach to decision making with soft sets offers a novel strategy that complements standard strategies. We implement a metalevel strategy to control and guide the rewriting process of the Maude rewriting engine. In particular, we adapt mathematical methods to capture imprecision, vagueness, and uncertainty in the available data. Using this new strategy, we propose an extension in the biological symbolic models of Pathway Logic. Our ultimate aim is to automatically determine the rules that are most appropriate and adjusted to reality in dynamic systems using decision making with incomplete soft sets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrián Riesco
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Merrill Knapp
- Biosciences Division, Stanford Research Institute International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | | | | | - Carolyn Talcott
- Computer Science Laboratory, Stanford Research Institute International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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19
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Lee J, Oh S, Sael L. GIFT: Guided and Interpretable Factorization for Tensors with an application to large-scale multi-platform cancer analysis. Bioinformatics 2018; 34:4151-4158. [PMID: 29931238 PMCID: PMC6289137 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation Given multi-platform genome data with prior knowledge of functional gene sets, how can we extract interpretable latent relationships between patients and genes? More specifically, how can we devise a tensor factorization method which produces an interpretable gene factor matrix based on functional gene set information while maintaining the decomposition quality and speed? Results We propose GIFT, a Guided and Interpretable Factorization for Tensors. GIFT provides interpretable factor matrices by encoding prior knowledge as a regularization term in its objective function. We apply GIFT to the PanCan12 dataset (TCGA multi-platform genome data) and compare the performance with P-Tucker, our baseline method without prior knowledge constraint, and Silenced-TF, our naive interpretable method. Results show that GIFT produces interpretable factorizations with high scalability and accuracy. Furthermore, we demonstrate how results of GIFT can be used to reveal significant relations between (cancer, gene sets, genes) and validate the findings based on literature evidence. Availability and implementation The code and datasets used in the paper are available at https://github.com/leesael/GIFT. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lee Sael
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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20
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Rojas A, Añazco C, González I, Araya P. Extracellular matrix glycation and receptor for advanced glycation end-products activation: a missing piece in the puzzle of the association between diabetes and cancer. Carcinogenesis 2018; 39:515-521. [PMID: 29373651 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of epidemiologic evidence suggests that people with diabetes are at a significantly higher risk of many forms of cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this association are not fully understood. Cancer cells are surrounded by a complex milieu, also known as tumor microenvironment, which contributes to the development and metastasis of tumors. Of note, one of the major components of this niche is the extracellular matrix (ECM), which becomes highly disorganized during neoplastic progression, thereby stimulating cancer cell transformation, growth and spread. One of the consequences of chronic hyperglycemia, the most frequently observed sign of diabetes and the etiological source of diabetes complications, is the irreversible glycation and oxidation of proteins and lipids leading to the formation of the advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). These compounds may covalently crosslink and biochemically modify structure and functions of many proteins, and AGEs accumulation is particularly high in long-living proteins with low biological turnover, features that are shared by most, if not all, ECM proteins. AGEs-modified proteins are recognized by AGE-binding proteins, and thus glycated ECM components have the potential to trigger Receptor for advanced glycation end-products-dependent mechanisms. The biological consequence of receptor for advanced glycation end-products activation mechanisms seems to be connected, in different ways, to drive some hallmarks of cancer onset and tumor growth. The present review intends to highlight the potential impact of ECM glycation on tumor progression by triggering receptor for advanced glycation end-products-mediated mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Rojas
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Preclinical Sciences Department, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Carolina Añazco
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Preclinical Sciences Department, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Ileana González
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Preclinical Sciences Department, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Paulina Araya
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Preclinical Sciences Department, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile
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Elaskalani O, Falasca M, Moran N, Berndt MC, Metharom P. The Role of Platelet-Derived ADP and ATP in Promoting Pancreatic Cancer Cell Survival and Gemcitabine Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9100142. [PMID: 29064388 PMCID: PMC5664081 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9100142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets have been demonstrated to be vital in cancer epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), an important step in metastasis. Markers of EMT are associated with chemotherapy resistance. However, the association between the development of chemoresistance, EMT, and the contribution of platelets to the process, is still unclear. Here we report that platelets regulate the expression of (1) human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) and (2) cytidine deaminase (CDD), markers of gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer. Human ENT1 (hENT1) is known to enable cellular uptake of gemcitabine while CDD deactivates gemcitabine. Knockdown experiments demonstrate that Slug, a mesenchymal transcriptional factor known to be upregulated during EMT, regulates the expression of hENT1 and CDD. Furthermore, we demonstrate that platelet-derived ADP and ATP regulate Slug and CDD expression in pancreatic cancer cells. Finally, we demonstrate that pancreatic cancer cells express the purinergic receptor P2Y12, an ADP receptor found mainly on platelets. Thus ticagrelor, a P2Y12 inhibitor, was used to examine the potential therapeutic effect of an ADP receptor antagonist on cancer cells. Our data indicate that ticagrelor negated the survival signals initiated in cancer cells by platelet-derived ADP and ATP. In conclusion, our results demonstrate a novel role of platelets in modulating chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer. Moreover, we propose ADP/ATP receptors as additional potential drug targets for treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Elaskalani
- Platelet Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia.
| | - Marco Falasca
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia.
| | - Niamh Moran
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Michael C Berndt
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia.
| | - Pat Metharom
- Platelet Research Laboratory, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia.
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22
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Johnson MD. Transforming Growth Factor Beta Family in the Pathogenesis of Meningiomas. World Neurosurg 2017; 104:113-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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23
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Bryson BL, Junk DJ, Cipriano R, Jackson MW. STAT3-mediated SMAD3 activation underlies Oncostatin M-induced Senescence. Cell Cycle 2016; 16:319-334. [PMID: 27892764 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1259037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines in the developing tumor microenvironment (TME) can drive transformation and subsequent progression toward metastasis. Elevated levels of the Interleukin-6 (IL-6) family cytokine Oncostatin M (OSM) in the breast TME correlate with aggressive, metastatic cancers, increased tumor recurrence, and poor patient prognosis. Paradoxically, OSM engages a tumor-suppressive, Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3)-dependent senescence response in normal and non-transformed human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC). Here, we identify a novel link between OSM-activated STAT3 signaling and the Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway that engages senescence in HMEC. Inhibition of functional TGF-β/SMAD signaling by expressing a dominant-negative TGF-β receptor, treating with a TGF-β receptor inhibitor, or suppressing SMAD3 expression using a SMAD3-shRNA prevented OSM-induced senescence. OSM promoted a protein complex involving activated-STAT3 and SMAD3, induced the nuclear localization of SMAD3, and enhanced SMAD3-mediated transcription responsible for senescence. In contrast, expression of MYC (c-MYC) from a constitutive promoter abrogated senescence and strikingly, cooperated with OSM to promote a transformed phenotype, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and invasiveness. Our findings suggest that a novel STAT3/SMAD3-signaling axis is required for OSM-mediated senescence that is coopted during the transformation process to confer aggressive cancer cell properties. Understanding how developing cancer cells bypass OSM/STAT3/SMAD3-mediated senescence may help identify novel targets for future "pro-senescence" therapies aiming to reengage this hidden tumor-suppressive response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Bryson
- a Department of Pathology , School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Damian J Junk
- a Department of Pathology , School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Rocky Cipriano
- a Department of Pathology , School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Mark W Jackson
- a Department of Pathology , School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA.,b Case Comprehensive Cancer Center , Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA
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24
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Oh E, Kim JY, Cho Y, An H, Lee N, Jo H, Ban C, Seo JH. Overexpression of angiotensin II type 1 receptor in breast cancer cells induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and promotes tumor growth and angiogenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:1071-81. [PMID: 26975580 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The angiotensin II type I receptor (AGTR1) has been implicated in diverse aspects of human disease, from the regulation of blood pressure and cardiovascular homeostasis to cancer progression. We sought to investigate the role of AGTR1 in cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, invasion, angiogenesis and tumor growth in the breast cancer cell line MCF7. Stable overexpression of AGTR1 was associated with accelerated cell proliferation, concomitant with increased expression of survival factors including poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), as well as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation. AGTR1-overexpressing MCF7 cells were more aggressive than their parent line, with significantly increased activity in migration and invasion assays. These observations were associated with changes in EMT markers, including reduced E-cadherin expression and increased p-Smad3, Smad4 and Snail levels. Treatment with the AGTR1 antagonist losartan attenuated these effects. AGTR1 overexpression also accelerated tumor growth and increased Ki-67 expression in a xenograft model. This was associated with increased tumor angiogenesis, as evidenced by a significant increase in microvessels in the intratumoral and peritumoral areas, and enhanced tumor invasion, with the latter response associated with increased EMT marker expression and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) upregulation. In vivo administration of losartan significantly reduced both tumor growth and angiogenesis. Our findings suggest that AGTR1 plays a significant role in tumor aggressiveness, and its inhibition may have therapeutic implications.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers/pharmacology
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Breast Neoplasms/blood supply
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Cadherins/genetics
- Cadherins/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Humans
- Losartan/pharmacology
- MCF-7 Cells
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/prevention & control
- Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/genetics
- Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/metabolism
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Smad4 Protein/genetics
- Smad4 Protein/metabolism
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Tumor Burden/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhye Oh
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 152-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 152-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkwan Cho
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 152-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsook An
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 152-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Nahyun Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 152-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Hunho Jo
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77, Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Changill Ban
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77, Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hong Seo
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 152-703, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Xu C, Wang Z, Cui R, He H, Lin X, Sheng Y, Zhang H. Co-expression of parathyroid hormone related protein and TGF-beta in breast cancer predicts poor survival outcome. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:925. [PMID: 26597083 PMCID: PMC4655491 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1873-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Better methods to predict prognosis can play a supplementary role in administering individualized treatment for breast cancer patients. Altered expressions of PTHrP and TGF-β have been observed in various types of human cancers. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the association of PTHrP and TGF-β level with the clinicopathological features of the breast cancer patients. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to examine PTHrP and TGF-β protein expression in 497 cases of early breast cancer, and Kaplan-Meier method and COX’s Proportional Hazard Model were applied to the prognostic value of PTHrP and TGF-β expression. Results Both over-expressed TGF-β and PTHrP were correlated with the tumor in larger size, higher proportion of axillary lymph node metastasis and later clinical stage. Additionally, the tumors with a high TGF-β level developed poor differentiation, and only TGF-β expression was associated with disease-free survival (DFS) of the breast cancer patients. Followed up for a median of 48 months, it was found that only the patients with negative TGF-β expression had longer DFS (P < 0.05, log-rank test). Nevertheless, those with higher PTHrP expression tended to show a higher rate of bone metastasis (67.6 % vs. 45.8 %, P = 0.019). In ER negative subgroup, those who developed PTHrP positive expression presented poor prognosis (P < 0.05, log-rank test). The patients with both positive TGF-β and PTHrP expression were significantly associated with the high risk of metastases. As indicated by Cox’s regression analysis, TGF-β expression and the high proportion of axillary lymph node metastasis served as significant independent predictors for breast cancer recurrence. Conclusions TGF-β and PTHrP were confirmed to be involved in regulating the malignant progression in breast cancer, and PTHrP expression, to be associated with bone metastasis as a potential prognostic marker in ER negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200090, China.
| | - Zhengyuan Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200090, China.
| | - Rongrong Cui
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200090, China.
| | - Hongyu He
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200090, China.
| | - Yuan Sheng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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26
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Nagpal N, Ahmad HM, Chameettachal S, Sundar D, Ghosh S, Kulshreshtha R. HIF-inducible miR-191 promotes migration in breast cancer through complex regulation of TGFβ-signaling in hypoxic microenvironment. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9650. [PMID: 25867965 PMCID: PMC4394754 DOI: 10.1038/srep09650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms of hypoxia induced breast cell migration remain incompletely understood. Our results show that hypoxia through hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) brings about a time-dependent increase in the level of an oncogenic microRNA, miR-191 in various breast cancer cell lines. miR-191 enhances breast cancer aggressiveness by promoting cell proliferation, migration and survival under hypoxia. We further established that miR-191 is a critical regulator of transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ)-signaling and promotes cell migration by inducing TGFβ2 expression under hypoxia through direct binding and indirectly by regulating levels of a RNA binding protein, human antigen R (HuR). The levels of several TGFβ pathway genes (like VEGFA, SMAD3, CTGF and BMP4) were found to be higher in miR-191 overexpressing cells. Lastly, anti-miR-191 treatment given to breast tumor spheroids led to drastic reduction in spheroid tumor volume. This stands as a first report of identification of a microRNA mediator that links hypoxia and the TGFβ signaling pathways, both of which are involved in regulation of breast cancer metastasis. Together, our results show a critical role of miR-191 in hypoxia-induced cancer progression and suggest that miR-191 inhibition may offer a novel therapy for hypoxic breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Nagpal
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India-110016
| | - Hafiz M. Ahmad
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India- 110067
| | - Shibu Chameettachal
- Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India-110016
| | - Durai Sundar
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India-110016
| | - Sourabh Ghosh
- Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India-110016
| | - Ritu Kulshreshtha
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India-110016
- ;
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27
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Transforming growth factor Beta leucine10 proline variation and breast cancer risk in Iranian women. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 44:427-9. [PMID: 25905093 PMCID: PMC4402428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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28
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Lin CH, Lin SY, Chang HW, Ko LJ, Tseng YS, Chang VHS, Yu WCY. CDK2 phosphorylation regulates the protein stability of KLF10 by interfering with binding of the E3 ligase SIAH1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:1174-81. [PMID: 25728284 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Downregulation of multiple cell cycle-regulatory molecules is a dominant event in TGF-β1-mediated growth inhibition of human carcinoma cells. It is known that KLF10 mimics the anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects that TGF-β1 has on epithelial cell growth and the growth of various tumor cells; based on these findings it is considered as a tumor suppressor. KLF10 protein expression is tightly associated with cell cycle-dependent events. However, the regulatory mechanism and its biological meaning have not been identified. In this study, we have demonstrated that KLF10 is a substrate of CDK2/cyclin E and can be phosphorylated. We also have shown that KLF10 efficiently binds to CDK2, while binding much less to CDK4, and displaying no binding to Cdk6. Using mass spectrometry, site direct mutagenesis, in vitro kinase assays and depletion assays, we have established that CDK2 phosphorylates Ser206, which subsequently affects the steady state level of KLF10 in cells. Our studies have also proved that CDK2 up-regulates the protein level of KLF10 through reducing its association with SIAH1, a KLF10 E3-ubiqutin ligase involved in proteasomal degradation. Taken all together, these findings indicate that CDK2-dependent phosphorylation regulates KLF10 stability and that this affects the role of KLF10 in cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hui Lin
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yu Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuen-Wen Chang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jung Ko
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Shen Tseng
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Vincent H S Chang
- Program for Translation Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Winston C Y Yu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan; Program for Translation Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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29
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Liao KL, Bai XF, Friedman A. Mathematical modeling of Interleukin-35 promoting tumor growth and angiogenesis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110126. [PMID: 25356878 PMCID: PMC4214702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-35 (IL-35), a cytokine from the Interleukin-12 cytokine family, has been considered as an anti-inflammatory cytokine which promotes tumor progression and tumor immune evasion. It has also been demonstrated that IL-35 is secreted by regulatory T cells. Recent mouse experiments have shown that IL-35 produced by cancer cells promotes tumor growth via enhancing myeloid cell accumulation and angiogenesis, and reducing the infiltration of activated CD8[Formula: see text] T cells into tumor microenvironment. In the present paper we develop a mathematical model based on these experimental results. We include in the model an anti-IL-35 drug as treatment. The extended model (with drug) is used to design protocols of anti-IL-35 injections for treatment of cancer. We find that with a fixed total amount of drug, continuous injection has better efficacy than intermittent injections in reducing the tumor load while the treatment is ongoing. We also find that the percentage of tumor reduction under anti-IL-35 treatment improves when the production of IL-35 by cancer is increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Ling Liao
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Xue-Feng Bai
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Avner Friedman
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Mathematics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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30
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Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) system signals via protein kinase receptors and SMAD mediators to regulate a large number of biological processes. Alterations of the TGF-β signalling pathway are implicated in human cancer. Prior to tumour initiation and early during progression, TGF-β acts as a tumour suppressor; however, at later stages, it is often a tumour promoter. Knowledge about the mechanisms involved in TGF-β signal transduction has allowed a better understanding of cancer progression, invasion, metastasis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, several molecular targets with great potential in therapeutic interventions have been identified. This review discusses the TGF-β signalling pathway, its involvement in cancer and current therapeutic approaches.
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31
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Nigam A. Breast cancer stem cells, pathways and therapeutic perspectives 2011. Indian J Surg 2013; 75:170-80. [PMID: 24426422 PMCID: PMC3689383 DOI: 10.1007/s12262-012-0616-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The evidence for the existence of a heterogeneous population of cancer stem cells (CSCs) responsible for the initiation and maintenance of cancer has been characterized for several tumors recently. Purification and molecular characterization of normal human mammary stem cells from cultured mammospheres has been achieved, providing evidence supporting a model in which breast tumor heterogeneity is a reflection of a number of CSC-like cells in the tumor. A number of experimental methodologies have been developed to characterize epithelial stem cells, including the expression of cell surface or intracellular markers, mammosphere formation, exclusion of fluorescent dye by a side population, retention of the radionucleotide label, etc. Methodologies have also been successfully employed to identify tumorigenic cells within breast cancers. The most important characteristics of stem cells are the capacity for self-renewal and the regulation of the balance between self-renewal and differentiation. In the mammary gland, signaling pathways, such as Hedgehog (Hh), Wnt/β-catenin, and Notch, play a role in embryogenesis and organogenesis and maintenance of tissues in the adult through regulation of the balance between self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells. Breast TAAs include epitopes from proteins, such as carcinoembryonic antigen and NYBR-1, which are involved in tissue differentiation. Targeting BCSCs may be achieved by a number of approaches such as chemotherapy sensitization of BCSCs, differentiating therapy, targeting stem cell elimination, targeting signaling pathways and drug transporters, and inhibition of regulatory pathways involved in self-renewal. Targeting cells which have the potential to metastasize will be an important aspect of the BCSC field as these are the cells that cause the majority of morbidity and mortality from breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Nigam
- Department of Surgery, Pt.J.N.M.Medical College, Raipur, 492001 CG India
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32
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Hussain Z, Khan MI, Shahid M, Almajhdi FN. S-adenosylmethionine, a methyl donor, up regulates tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 in colorectal cancer. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2013; 12:1106-18. [PMID: 23661436 DOI: 10.4238/2013.april.10.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation is a fundamental epigenetic mechanism in regulating the expression of genes controlling crucial cell functions in cancer development. Gene silencing via CpG island methylation/demethylation in the promoter region is one of the mechanisms by which different genes are inactivated/activated in human cancers. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) is known to antagonize matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity and to suppress tumor growth, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. TIMP-2 expression has been found to be both upregulated and downregulated in various cancers. The inconsistent TIMP-2 expression and unclear epigenetic regulation lead us to investigate its role in colorectal cancer in the presence of a methylating agent. Highly invasive human colorectal cells SW-620 were treated with the methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and its effect was evaluated by cell proliferation, cell cycle, invasion and migration assay. The ability of SAM to down regulate a panel of activated prometastatic, angiogenesis and growth- and cell cycle-regulatory genes was evaluated using end-point and real-time PCR. Treatment of SW-620 with SAM diminished cell proliferation and altered cell cycle kinetic G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. An in vitro matrigel invasion assay of SAM-treated cells showed a significant reduction in the invasive potential compared to untreated SW-620 cells. Treatment of SW-620 cells with SAM resulted in activation of TIMP-2 and inhibition of the expression of genes such as MMP (MMP-2, MT1-MMP), urokinase plasminogen activator, and vascular endothelial growth factors. The level of expression of tumor suppressor and apoptotic genes was not significantly higher compared to the untreated control. No changes in the levels of expression of genes (growth and cell cycle regulator), such as TGF-β, Smad2, Smad4, and p21 were observed. Our data support the hypothesis that TIMP-2, along with other prometastatic genes, is hypomethylated and expressed differently in colorectal cancer. Further in-depth analysis is warranted to confirm the promoter region CpG methylation pattern of the TIMP-2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Hussain
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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33
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Hung SP, Yang MH, Tseng KF, Lee OK. Hypoxia-induced secretion of TGF-β1 in mesenchymal stem cell promotes breast cancer cell progression. Cell Transplant 2012; 22:1869-82. [PMID: 23067574 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x657954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In solid tumors, a decreased oxygen and nutrient supply creates a hypoxic microenvironment in the central region. This hypoxic condition induces molecular responses of normal and cancer cells in the local area, including angiogenesis, metabolic changes, and metastasis. In addition, other cells including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been reported to be recruited into the hypoxic area of solid tumors. In our previous study, we found that hypoxic condition induces the secretion of growth factors and cytokines in MSCs, and here we demonstrate that elevated secretion of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) by MSCs under hypoxia promotes the growth, motility, and invasive ability of breast cancer cells. It was found that TGF-β1 promoter activity was regulated by hypoxia, and the major hypoxia-regulated element was located between bp -1030 to -666 in front of the TGF-β1 promoter region. In ChIP assay, the results revealed that HIF-1 was bound to the hypoxia response element (HRE) of TGF-β1 promoter. Collectively, the results indicate that hypoxia microenvironment can enhance cancer cell growth through the paracrine effects of the MSCs by driving their TGF-β1 gene expression and secretion. Therefore, extra caution has to be exercised when considering hypoxia pretreatment of MSCs before cell transplantation into patients for therapeutic purposes, particularly in patients susceptible to tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Pei Hung
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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34
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Dumaual CM, Sandusky GE, Soo HW, Werner SR, Crowell PL, Randall SK. Tissue-specific alterations of PRL-1 and PRL-2 expression in cancer. Am J Transl Res 2012; 4:83-101. [PMID: 22347524 PMCID: PMC3276379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The PRL-1 and PRL-2 phosphatases have been implicated as oncogenic, however the involvement of these molecules in human neoplasms is not well understood. To increase understanding of the role PRL-1 and PRL-2 play in the neoplastic process, in situ hybridization was used to examine PRL-1 and PRL-2 mRNA expression in 285 normal, benign, and malignant human tissues of diverse origin. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on a subset of these. PRL-1 and PRL-2 mRNA expression was also assessed in a small set of samples from a variety of diseases other than cancer. Where possible, associations with clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated. Alterations in PRL-1 or -2 expression were a frequent event, but the nature of those alterations was highly tumor type specific. PRL-1 was significantly overexpressed in 100% of hepatocellular and gastric carcinomas, but significantly under-expressed in 100% of ovarian, 80% of breast, and 75% of lung tumors. PRL-2 expression was significantly increased in 100% of hepatocellular carcinomas, yet significantly downregulated in 54% of kidney carcinomas. PRL-1 expression was correlated to patient gender in the bladder and to patient age in the brain and skeletal muscle. PRL-1 expression was also associated with tumor grade in the prostate, ovary, and uterus. These results suggest a pleiotropic role for PRL-1 and PRL-2 in the neoplastic process. These molecules may associate with tumor progression and serve as clinical markers of tumor aggressiveness in some tissues, but be involved in inhibition of tumor formation or growth in others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen M Dumaual
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis723 West Michigan St., Room SL306, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202, USA
| | - George E Sandusky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of MedicineVan Nuys Medical Science Building, 635 Barnhill Drive, Room A128, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Han Weng Soo
- Ministry of DefenceSingapore, MINDEF building, 303 Gombak Drive #Bl-36, Singapore 669645, Singapore
| | - Sean R Werner
- Cook Medical Inc., 750 North Daniels WayBloomington, IN, 47404, USA
| | - Pamela L Crowell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Butler University4600 Sunset Ave., Indianapolis, IN, 46208, USA
| | - Stephen K Randall
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis723 West Michigan St., Room SL306, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202, USA
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Fröhlich H. Network based consensus gene signatures for biomarker discovery in breast cancer. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25364. [PMID: 22046239 PMCID: PMC3201953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for cancer based on gene expression profiles are viewed as a major step towards a better personalized medicine. Many studies using various computational approaches have been published in this direction during the last decade. However, when comparing different gene signatures for related clinical questions often only a small overlap is observed. This can have various reasons, such as technical differences of platforms, differences in biological samples or their treatment in lab, or statistical reasons because of the high dimensionality of the data combined with small sample size, leading to unstable selection of genes. In conclusion retrieved gene signatures are often hard to interpret from a biological point of view. We here demonstrate that it is possible to construct a consensus signature from a set of seemingly different gene signatures by mapping them on a protein interaction network. Common upstream proteins of close gene products, which we identified via our developed algorithm, show a very clear and significant functional interpretation in terms of overrepresented KEGG pathways, disease associated genes and known drug targets. Moreover, we show that such a consensus signature can serve as prior knowledge for predictive biomarker discovery in breast cancer. Evaluation on different datasets shows that signatures derived from the consensus signature reveal a much higher stability than signatures learned from all probesets on a microarray, while at the same time being at least as predictive. Furthermore, they are clearly interpretable in terms of enriched pathways, disease associated genes and known drug targets. In summary we thus believe that network based consensus signatures are not only a way to relate seemingly different gene signatures to each other in a functional manner, but also to establish prior knowledge for highly stable and interpretable predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Fröhlich
- University of Bonn, Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, Bonn, Germany.
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Chen L, Xuan J, Riggins RB, Clarke R, Wang Y. Identifying cancer biomarkers by network-constrained support vector machines. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2011; 5:161. [PMID: 21992556 PMCID: PMC3214162 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the major goals in gene and protein expression profiling of cancer is to identify biomarkers and build classification models for prediction of disease prognosis or treatment response. Many traditional statistical methods, based on microarray gene expression data alone and individual genes' discriminatory power, often fail to identify biologically meaningful biomarkers thus resulting in poor prediction performance across data sets. Nonetheless, the variables in multivariable classifiers should synergistically interact to produce more effective classifiers than individual biomarkers. RESULTS We developed an integrated approach, namely network-constrained support vector machine (netSVM), for cancer biomarker identification with an improved prediction performance. The netSVM approach is specifically designed for network biomarker identification by integrating gene expression data and protein-protein interaction data. We first evaluated the effectiveness of netSVM using simulation studies, demonstrating its improved performance over state-of-the-art network-based methods and gene-based methods for network biomarker identification. We then applied the netSVM approach to two breast cancer data sets to identify prognostic signatures for prediction of breast cancer metastasis. The experimental results show that: (1) network biomarkers identified by netSVM are highly enriched in biological pathways associated with cancer progression; (2) prediction performance is much improved when tested across different data sets. Specifically, many genes related to apoptosis, cell cycle, and cell proliferation, which are hallmark signatures of breast cancer metastasis, were identified by the netSVM approach. More importantly, several novel hub genes, biologically important with many interactions in PPI network but often showing little change in expression as compared with their downstream genes, were also identified as network biomarkers; the genes were enriched in signaling pathways such as TGF-beta signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and JAK-STAT signaling pathway. These signaling pathways may provide new insight to the underlying mechanism of breast cancer metastasis. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a network-based approach for cancer biomarker identification, netSVM, resulting in an improved prediction performance with network biomarkers. We have applied the netSVM approach to breast cancer gene expression data to predict metastasis in patients. Network biomarkers identified by netSVM reveal potential signaling pathways associated with breast cancer metastasis, and help improve the prediction performance across independent data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Arlington, VA, USA
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Babyshkina N, Malinovskaya E, Stakheyeva M, Volkomorov V, Slonimskaya E, Maximov V, Cherdyntseva N. Association of functional -509C>T polymorphism in the TGF-β1 gene with infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma risk in a Russian Western Siberian population. Cancer Epidemiol 2011; 35:560-3. [PMID: 21470928 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Revised: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is a multifunctional cytokine that plays an important role in human mammary carcinogenesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between -509C>T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the TGF-β1 gene and infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma risk in Russian patients of Western Siberian region. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood samples collected from 218 women with histologically confirmed infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma and 290 healthy female controls were analyzed through polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. RESULTS The -509TT genotype was significantly associated with a decreased risk for ductal breast carcinoma (OR=0.47, CI: 0.26-0.82, P=0.004). Similarly, the -509T was significantly less in ductal breast cancer patients (34.4%) than in control individuals (41.6%; OR=0.74, CI: 0.57-0.96, P=0.02). With the exception of association between the -509TT genotype and large tumor size (P=0.01), there was no significant association between the studied polymorphism and clinicopathological characteristics. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that polymorphism of TGF-β1 -509C>T gene may modify individual susceptibility to infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma in Russian women of Western Siberian region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Babyshkina
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Cancer Research Institute of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tomsk 634001, Russian Federation.
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Lee YS, Choi HB, Lee IK, Kim TG, Oh ST. Association between interleukin-4R and TGF-β1 gene polymorphisms and the risk of colorectal cancer in a Korean population. Colorectal Dis 2010; 12:1208-12. [PMID: 19863607 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2009.02080.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIM Colorectal cancer is associated with inflammatory bowel disease. The mechanisms of how different genetic make-ups of cytokines might influence the individual susceptibility to develop particular types of tumours are still unknown. The authors analysed the association between genetic polymorphisms in cytokine/cytokine receptor genes and the risk of colorectal cancer in a Korean population. METHOD The authors assessed polymorphisms of the interleukin: IL-1, IL-1R, IL-2, IL-4, IL-4R, IL-10, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, IFN-γ genes in Korean patients with colorectal cancer (n = 170) and in a normal healthy control group (n = 130) to investigate the association between theses cytokine gene polymorphisms and the risk of colorectal cancer. RESULTS The IL-4R 1902*T allele was found to be associated with an increased risk of colon cancer (P < 0.01, OR = 2.0) and rectal cancer (P < 0.05, OR = 1.8). The IL-4R 1902*C allele was associated with a decreased risk of both colon cancer (P < 0.01, OR = 0.51) and rectal cancer (P < 0.05, OR = 0.5). The TFG-β1 10*T allele was found to be associated with an increased risk of colon cancer (P < 0.00, OR = 2.3) and the TFG-β1 10*C allele with a decreased risk of colon cancer (P < 0.00, OR = 0.43). CONCLUSION These results suggest that the genetic polymorphisms of IL-4R and TGF-β1 are associated with the risk of colorectal cancer in a Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Lee
- Department of Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Analysis of transforming growth factor β receptor expression and signaling in higher grade meningiomas. J Neurooncol 2010; 103:277-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-010-0399-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Wu G, Feng X, Stein L. A human functional protein interaction network and its application to cancer data analysis. Genome Biol 2010; 11:R53. [PMID: 20482850 PMCID: PMC2898064 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2010-11-5-r53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 465] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One challenge facing biologists is to tease out useful information from massive data sets for further analysis. A pathway-based analysis may shed light by projecting candidate genes onto protein functional relationship networks. We are building such a pathway-based analysis system. RESULTS We have constructed a protein functional interaction network by extending curated pathways with non-curated sources of information, including protein-protein interactions, gene coexpression, protein domain interaction, Gene Ontology (GO) annotations and text-mined protein interactions, which cover close to 50% of the human proteome. By applying this network to two glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) data sets and projecting cancer candidate genes onto the network, we found that the majority of GBM candidate genes form a cluster and are closer than expected by chance, and the majority of GBM samples have sequence-altered genes in two network modules, one mainly comprising genes whose products are localized in the cytoplasm and plasma membrane, and another comprising gene products in the nucleus. Both modules are highly enriched in known oncogenes, tumor suppressors and genes involved in signal transduction. Similar network patterns were also found in breast, colorectal and pancreatic cancers. CONCLUSIONS We have built a highly reliable functional interaction network upon expert-curated pathways and applied this network to the analysis of two genome-wide GBM and several other cancer data sets. The network patterns revealed from our results suggest common mechanisms in the cancer biology. Our system should provide a foundation for a network or pathway-based analysis platform for cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanming Wu
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, MaRS Centre, South Tower, 101 College Street, Suite 800, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Xin Feng
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, One Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Lincoln Stein
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, MaRS Centre, South Tower, 101 College Street, Suite 800, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, One Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
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Mangone FRR, Walder F, Maistro S, Pasini FS, Lehn CN, Carvalho MB, Brentani MM, Snitcovsky I, Federico MHH. Smad2 and Smad6 as predictors of overall survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:106. [PMID: 20462450 PMCID: PMC2885344 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2009] [Accepted: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To test if the expression of Smad1-8 mRNAs were predictive of survival in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Patients and Methods We analyzed, prospectively, the expression of Smad1-8, by means of Ribonuclease Protection Assay in 48 primary, operable, oral SCC. In addition, 21 larynx, 10 oropharynx and 4 hypopharynx SCC and 65 matched adjacent mucosa, available for study, were also included. For survival analysis, patients were categorized as positive or negative for each Smad, according to median mRNA expression. We also performed real-time quantitative PCR (QRTPCR) to asses the pattern of TGFβ1, TGFβ2, TGFβ3 in oral SCC. Results Our results showed that Smad2 and Smad6 mRNA expression were both associated with survival in Oral SCC patients. Cox Multivariate analysis revealed that Smad6 positivity and Smad2 negativity were both predictive of good prognosis for oral SCC patients, independent of lymph nodal status (P = 0.003 and P = 0.029, respectively). In addition, simultaneously Smad2- and Smad6+ oral SCC group of patients did not reach median overall survival (mOS) whereas the mOS of Smad2+/Smad6- subgroup was 11.6 months (P = 0.004, univariate analysis). Regarding to TGFβ isoforms, we found that Smad2 mRNA and TGFβ1 mRNA were inversely correlated (p = 0.05, R = -0.33), and that seven of the eight TGFβ1+ patients were Smad2-. In larynx SCC, Smad7- patients did not reach mOS whereas mOS of Smad7+ patients were only 7.0 months (P = 0.04). No other correlations were found among Smad expression, clinico-pathological characteristics and survival in oral, larynx, hypopharynx, oropharynx or the entire head and neck SCC population. Conclusion Smad6 together with Smad2 may be prognostic factors, independent of nodal status in oral SCC after curative resection. The underlying mechanism which involves aberrant TGFβ signaling should be better clarified in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia R R Mangone
- Disciplina de Oncologia, Departamento de Radiologia, LIM 24, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Dr Arnaldo 455, São Paulo, Brasil.
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TGFB1 T29C polymorphism and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis based on 10,417 cases and 11,455 controls. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2010; 123:857-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-010-0766-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Malignancy in scleroderma patients from south west England: a population-based cohort study. Rheumatol Int 2010; 31:641-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-009-1348-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Accepted: 12/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Interaction of Tumor with Its Micro-environment: A Mathematical Model. Bull Math Biol 2009; 72:1029-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s11538-009-9481-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2008] [Accepted: 10/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kim Y, Wallace J, Li F, Ostrowski M, Friedman A. Transformed epithelial cells and fibroblasts/myofibroblasts interaction in breast tumor: a mathematical model and experiments. J Math Biol 2009; 61:401-21. [PMID: 19902212 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-009-0307-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Revised: 08/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that tumor and its microenvironment, or stroma, interact with each other and that this interaction plays a critical role in tumor initiation, growth, and metastasis. This interaction consists of complex relations between tumor cells, stromal cells such as fibroblasts, epithelial cells and immunocytes, the vascular system, the extracellular matrix, and cytokines secreted by the cells. Understanding these relationships may lead to new therapeutic approaches to cancer. In the present paper, we consider tumor-stroma crosstalk in a simple in vitro situation which involves interaction between tumor epithelial cells from breast cancer and a microenvironment consisting of just fibroblasts. The two populations of cells are separated by a semi-permeable membrane that allows only cytokines to cross over. We develop a mathematical model that includes two critical growth factors: TGF-beta, produced by the tumor cells, and EGF, secreted by the fibroblasts. The TGF-beta modifies the microenvironment by transforming fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. Myofibroblasts secrete higher concentrations of EGF than fibroblasts, thereby, increasing the proliferation of tumor cells. Thus already in this simple setup one sees a mutual interaction between tumor cells and their microenvironment. We conducted experiments which show good agreement with the model's simulations, hence confirming the model's ability to predict aspects of tumor cell behavior in response to signaling from fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjin Kim
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Combined analysis of EGF+61G>A and TGFB1+869T>C functional polymorphisms in the time to androgen independence and prostate cancer susceptibility. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2009; 9:341-6. [PMID: 19488063 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2009.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Proliferative mechanisms involving the epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta(1)) ligands are potential alternative pathways for prostate cancer (PC) progression to androgen independence (AI). Thus, the combined effect of EGF and TGFB1 functional polymorphisms might modulate tumor microenvironment and consequently its development. We studied EGF+61G>A and TGFB1+869T>C functional polymorphisms in 234 patients with PC and 243 healthy individuals. Intermediate- and high-proliferation genetic profile carriers have increased risk for PC (odds ratio (OR)=3.76, P=0.007 and OR=3.98, P=0.004, respectively), when compared with low proliferation individuals. Multivariate analysis showed a significantly lower time to AI in the high proliferation group, compared with the low/intermediate proliferation genetic profile carriers (HR=2.67, P=0.039), after adjustment for age, metastasis and stage. Results suggest that combined analysis of target genetic polymorphisms may contribute to the definition of cancer susceptibility and pharmacogenomic profiles. Combined blockage of key molecules in proliferation signaling pathways could be one of the most promising strategies for androgen-independent prostate cancer.
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Breast cancer biology: the multifaceted roles of mesenchymal stem cells. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2008; 2008:425895. [PMID: 19277104 PMCID: PMC2648640 DOI: 10.1155/2008/425895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2008] [Accepted: 10/08/2008] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent upsurge in the interest of breast cancer metastasis is partly attributed to the discovery of novel, yet unclear, mechanisms of breast cancer interaction with sites of distant metastasis such as the bone marrow microenvironment. In this review, we discuss the significance of the interactions between breast cancer cells and cells of the bone marrow. This is a subject of intense research studies aim to provide new methods of treatments and perhaps the identification of new drug targets. This review also discusses the role of inflammation and the bimodal function of the transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway in the process of tumorigenesis. We bring attention to future prospects in breast cancer research, including the role of microRNAs in cancer quiescence in the bone marrow and the application of microRNAs to basic science discoveries in oncology. Finally, we discuss the cancer stem cell hypothesis, which is not a new idea, but has resurged with investigative questions.
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Tacheau C, Fontaine J, Loy J, Mauviel A, Verrecchia F. TGF-β induces connexin43 gene expression in normal murine mammary gland epithelial cells via activation of p38 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. J Cell Physiol 2008; 217:759-68. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Pharmacological inhibition of DNA methylation induces proinvasive and prometastatic genes in vitro and in vivo. Neoplasia 2008; 10:266-78. [PMID: 18320071 DOI: 10.1593/neo.07947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2007] [Revised: 01/06/2008] [Accepted: 01/07/2008] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of action of DNA methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-CdR), a potential anticancer agent is believed to be activated by the demethylation of tumor suppressor genes. We tested here the hypothesis that demethylating agents also demethylate and activate genes involved in invasion and metastasis and therefore might increase the risk of developing tumor metastasis. The effect of 5-aza-CdR on noninvasive human breast cancer cells MCF-7 and ZR-75-1 was evaluated by cell proliferation, invasion, and migration assay. The ability of 5-aza-CdR to activate a panel of silenced prometastatic and tumor suppressor genes was evaluated using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and bisulfite DNA sequence analysis in vitro and for change in tumor growth and gene expression in vivo. Treatment of MCF-7 and ZR-75-1 with 5-aza-CdR diminished cell proliferation, induced tumor suppressor RASSF1A, and altered cell cycle kinetics' G(2)/M-phase cell cycle arrest. While these effects of 5-aza-CdR slowed the growth of tumors in nude mice, it also induced a battery of prometastatic genes, namely, uPA, CXCR4, HEPARANASE, SYNUCLEIN gamma, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), by demethylation of their promoters. These results draw attention to the critical role of demethylation as a potential mechanism that can promote the development and progression of tumor metastasis after demethylation therapy as an anticancer treatment.
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Saltzman BS, Yamamoto JF, Decker R, Yokochi L, Theriault AG, Vogt TM, Le Marchand L. Association of genetic variation in the transforming growth factor beta-1 gene with serum levels and risk of colorectal neoplasia. Cancer Res 2008; 68:1236-44. [PMID: 18281501 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-2144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the normal intestinal epithelium transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFbeta-1) acts as a growth inhibitor, but in malignant cells it may act as a tumor promoter. However, only limited information is available on genetic variation in the TGFB1 gene and its relationship to circulating levels and risk of colorectal cancer. To characterize associations of genetic variation [tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNP) and haplotypes with frequency >0.05] at the TGFB1 locus with circulating TGFbeta-1 and risk of colorectal neoplasia, we conducted two case-control studies (including 271 colorectal adenoma cases and 544 controls, and 535 colorectal adenocarcinoma cases and 656 controls) among Japanese Americans, Caucasians, and Native Hawaiians in Hawaii. Serum TGFbeta-1 was measured by sandwich ELISA among the subjects of the first study. The variant A allele for tagSNP rs6957 was associated with higher serum TGFbeta-1 [means (in ng/mL) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for AA or AG, 32.6 (30.6-34.7); GG, 29.0 (25.1-32.9); P(difference) = 0.05] after adjusting for age and other factors. Homozygous carriers of the variant G allele for tagSNP rs11466345 had a statistically significantly lower risk of adenocarcinoma [AG versus AA: odds ratio (OR), 0.9 (95% CI, 0.7-1.2); GG versus AA: OR, 0.4 (95% CI, 0.2-0.7); P(trend) = 0.01]. The haplotype carrying both variants was also statistically significantly associated with a reduced risk of adenocarcinoma (OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1-0.8). Although not statistically significant, the direction and magnitude of the corresponding ORs were similar for adenoma. These results suggest that a haplotype containing SNP rs11466345 at the 3' end of TGFB1 is associated with genetic susceptibility to colorectal neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara S Saltzman
- Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
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