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Manguso N, Kim M, Joshi N, Al Mahmud MR, Aldaco J, Suzuki R, Cortes-Ledesma F, Cui X, Yamada S, Takeda S, Giuliano A, You S, Tanaka H. TDP2 is a regulator of estrogen-responsive oncogene expression. NAR Cancer 2024; 6:zcae016. [PMID: 38596431 PMCID: PMC11000318 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcae016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
With its ligand estrogen, the estrogen receptor (ER) initiates a global transcriptional program, promoting cell growth. This process involves topoisomerase 2 (TOP2), a key protein in resolving topological issues during transcription by cleaving a DNA duplex, passing another duplex through the break, and repairing the break. Recent studies revealed the involvement of various DNA repair proteins in the repair of TOP2-induced breaks, suggesting potential alternative repair pathways in cases where TOP2 is halted after cleavage. However, the contribution of these proteins in ER-induced transcriptional regulation remains unclear. We investigated the role of tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 2 (TDP2), an enzyme for the removal of halted TOP2 from the DNA ends, in the estrogen-induced transcriptome using both targeted and global transcription analyses. MYC activation by estrogen, a TOP2-dependent and transient event, became prolonged in the absence of TDP2 in both TDP2-deficient cells and mice. Bulk and single-cell RNA-seq analyses defined MYC and CCND1 as oncogenes whose estrogen response is tightly regulated by TDP2. These results suggest that TDP2 may inherently participate in the repair of estrogen-induced breaks at specific genomic loci, exerting precise control over oncogenic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Manguso
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, West Hollywood, CA 90048 USA
| | - Minhyung Kim
- Department of Urology and Computational Biomedicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, West Hollywood, CA 90048 USA
| | - Neeraj Joshi
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, West Hollywood, CA 90048 USA
| | - Md Rasel Al Mahmud
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Juan Aldaco
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, West Hollywood, CA 90048 USA
| | - Ryusuke Suzuki
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, West Hollywood, CA 90048 USA
| | - Felipe Cortes-Ledesma
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, 41092, Spain
| | - Xiaojiang Cui
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, West Hollywood, CA 90048 USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, West Hollywood, CA 90048, USA
| | - Shintaro Yamada
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shunichi Takeda
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Armando Giuliano
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, West Hollywood, CA 90048 USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, West Hollywood, CA 90048, USA
| | - Sungyong You
- Department of Urology and Computational Biomedicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, West Hollywood, CA 90048 USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, West Hollywood, CA 90048, USA
| | - Hisashi Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, West Hollywood, CA 90048 USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, West Hollywood, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, West Hollywood, CA 90048, USA
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Ben S, Li S, Gu D, Zhao L, Xu S, Ding Z, Chen S, Cheng Y, Xin J, Du M, Wang M. Benzo[a]pyrene exposure affects colorectal cancer susceptibility by regulating ERβ-mediated LINC02977 transcription. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 184:108443. [PMID: 38277997 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Environmental pollutants known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are produced through the incomplete combustion of organic material. While PAHs have been investigated as genotoxicants, they can also operate through nongenotoxic pathways in estrogen-dependent malignancies, such as breast, cervical and ovarian cancer. However, whether PAHs induce colorectal cancer (CRC) risk through estrogenic effects is still illusive. Here, we systematically investigated the abnormal expression and activation of estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) regulated by PAHs in CRC as well as the underlying mechanisms of ERβ-mediated CRC risk. Based on the 300 plasma samples from CRC patients and healthy controls detected by GC-MS/MS, we found that the plasma concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) were significantly higher in CRC cases than in healthy controls, with significant estrogenic effects. Moreover, histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2)-induced deacetylation of the promoter decreases ERβ expression, which is associated with poor overall survival and advanced tumor stage. The study also revealed that BaP and estradiol (E2) had different carcinogenic effects, with BaP promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis, while E2 had the opposite effects. Additionally, this study mapped ERβ genomic binding regions by performing ChIP-seq and ATAC-seq and identified genetic variants of rs1411680 and its high linkage disequilibrium SNP rs6477937, which were significantly associated with CRC risk through meta-analysis of two independent Chinese population genome-wide association studies comprising 2,248 cases and 3,173 controls and then validation in a large-scale European population. By integrating data from functional genomics, we validated the regulatory effect of rs6477937 as an ERβ binding-disrupting SNP that mediated allele-specific expression of LINC02977 in a long-range chromosomal interaction manner, which was found to be highly expressed in CRC tissues. Overall, this study suggests that the different active effects on ERβ by PAHs and endogenous E2 may play a crucial role in the development and progression of CRC and highlights the potential of targeting ERβ and its downstream targets for CRC prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Ben
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Shuwei Li
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Dongying Gu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingyan Zhao
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Shenya Xu
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhutao Ding
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Silu Chen
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yifei Cheng
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Junyi Xin
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mulong Du
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meilin Wang
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215008, China.
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Kim JY, Park Y, Lee SH, Park E, Lee H. Comparative study on estrogen receptor alpha dimerization and transcriptional activity of parabens. Toxicol Res 2024; 40:153-161. [PMID: 38223674 PMCID: PMC10786792 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-023-00212-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Parabens are used as preservatives in various household products, including oral products, cosmetics, and hair/body washes. In recent years, the widespread use of parabens has raised concerns due to the potential health risks associated with their estrogenic effects. In the present study, we evaluated and compared the estrogenic activity of parabens using two cell-based in vitro tests: (1) bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) dimerization using HEK293 cells that were stably transfected with ERα-fused NanoLuc luciferase (Nluc) and HaloTag (HT) expression vector, and (2) stably transfected transcriptional activation (STTA) assays using ERα-HeLa9903 cells. The following parabens were tested using the BRET-based ERα dimerization assay and showed estrogenic activity (PC20 values): methyl paraben (MP, 5.98 × 10-5 M), ethyl paraben (EP, 3.29 × 10-5 M), propylparaben (PP, 3.09 × 10-5 M), butyl paraben (BP, 2.58 × 10-5 M), isopropyl paraben (IsoPP, 1.37 × 10-5 M), and isobutyl paraben (IsoBP, 1.43 × 10-5 M). Except MP, all other parabens tested using the STTA assay also showed estrogenic activity: EP, 7.57 × 10-6 M; PP, 1.18 × 10-6 M; BP, 3.02 × 10-7 M; IsoPP, 3.58 × 10-7 M; and IsoBP, 1.80 × 10-7 M. Overall, EP, PP, BP, IsoPP, and IsoBP tested positive for estrogenic activity using both assays. These findings demonstrate that most parabens, albeit not all, induce ERα dimerization and possess estrogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120 Republic of Korea
| | - Yooheon Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, 10326 Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Hee Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, 10326 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun‐Jung Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi‐do 13120 Republic of Korea
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120 Republic of Korea
| | - Hae‐Jeung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120 Republic of Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi‐do 13120 Republic of Korea
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120 Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999 Republic of Korea
- Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, 21565 Republic of Korea
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Motlani G, Motlani V, Acharya N, Dave A, Pamnani S, Somyani D, Agrawal S. Novel Advances in the Role of Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators in Hormonal Replacement Therapy: A Paradigm Shift. Cureus 2023; 15:e49079. [PMID: 38125238 PMCID: PMC10730982 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen is a key regulatory hormone in the functioning of a female reproductive system. Estrogen hormone regulates many complex physiological processes, which has its role in reproduction and skeletal and cardiovascular systems by acting on estrogen receptors alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ), which are nuclear transcription factors. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are now being used to treat bone loss, breast carcinoma, and menopausal symptoms, metabolic neurodegenerative because of their characteristics that allow them to function as both estrogen agonists and antagonists, depending on the target tissue. First-generation SERMs, such as Tamoxifen, are used in the management protocol for breast cancer, which is estrogen receptor (ER-positive). Raloxifene is a second-generation SERM that is a valuable adjunct used to treat and prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and prevent compression fractures of the vertebral column. Novel SERM molecules are on the horizon, proven more potent and efficacious in preventing and treating osteoporosis. These include Ospemifene, lasofoxifene, bazedoxifene and arzoxifene. The benefits of Raloxifene versus that of Bazedoxifene are under trial. Despite their therapeutic benefits and actions, these medications are not without adverse effects, such as thromboembolic disorders. Increased risk of uterine cancer has been linked to Tamoxifen. This article delves into the world of SERMs, including their development and discovery. The newer SERMs in late development, ospemifene, lasofoxifene, bazedoxifene, and arzoxifene, are described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Motlani
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Vidhi Motlani
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Neema Acharya
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Apoorva Dave
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Soumya Pamnani
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Drishti Somyani
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Shruti Agrawal
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Xie B, Yin Z, Hu Z, Lv J, Du C, Deng X, Huang Y, Li Q, Huang J, Liang K, Zhou HB, Dong C. Discovery of a Novel Class of PROTACs as Potent and Selective Estrogen Receptor α Degraders to Overcome Endocrine-Resistant Breast Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo. J Med Chem 2023; 66:6631-6651. [PMID: 37161783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c02032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The estrogen receptor (ER) is a well-established target for endocrine therapies of ER-positive breast cancer (ER+ BC), but endocrine resistance limits the efficacy of clinical drugs. Using proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) technology to degrade ERα may be an effective alternative to endocrine therapies. Herein, we disclose a novel series of potent and selective ERα PROTACs based on an oxabicycloheptane sulfonamide (OBHSA) scaffold, with no associated ERβ degradation. These PROTACs showed significant antiproliferation and ERα degradation activities against a broad spectrum of ER+ BC cells including tamoxifen-resistant and ERα mutant cell lines. Genomics analysis confirmed that these PROTACs inhibited the nascent RNA synthesis of ERα target genes and impaired genome-wide ERα binding. Compound ZD12 exhibited excellent antitumor potency and ERα degradation activity in both tamoxifen-sensitive and -resistant BC mice models, which are superior to fulvestrant. This study demonstrates the potential of these PROTACs as novel drug candidates for endocrine-resistant BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohua Xie
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhinang Yin
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhiye Hu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Junhui Lv
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chuanqian Du
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiangping Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qiuzi Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kaiwei Liang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hai-Bing Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chune Dong
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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6
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Development of Highly Efficient Estrogen Receptor β-Targeted Near-Infrared Fluorescence Probes Triggered by Endogenous Hydrogen Peroxide for Diagnostic Imaging of Prostate Cancer. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052309. [PMID: 36903555 PMCID: PMC10005547 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide is one of the most important reactive oxygen species, which plays a vital role in many physiological and pathological processes. A dramatic increase in H2O2 levels is a prominent feature of cancer. Therefore, rapid and sensitive detection of H2O2 in vivo is quite conducive to an early cancer diagnosis. On the other hand, the therapeutic potential of estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) has been implicated in many diseases including prostate cancer, and this target has attracted intensive attention recently. In this work, we report the development of the first H2O2-triggered ERβ-targeted near-infrared fluorescence (NIR) probe and its application in imaging of prostate cancer both in vitro and in vivo. The probe showed good ERβ selective binding affinity, excellent H2O2 responsiveness and near infrared imaging potential. Moreover, in vivo and ex vivo imaging studies indicated that the probe could selectively bind to DU-145 prostate cancer cells and rapidly visualizes H2O2 in DU-145 xenograft tumors. Mechanistic studies such as high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicated that the borate ester group is vital for the H2O2 response turn-on fluorescence of the probe. Therefore, this probe might be a promising imaging tool for monitoring the H2O2 levels and early diagnosis studies in prostate cancer research.
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RUNX3 Meets the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System in Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050717. [PMID: 36899853 PMCID: PMC10001085 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
RUNX3 is a transcription factor with regulatory roles in cell proliferation and development. While largely characterized as a tumor suppressor, RUNX3 can also be oncogenic in certain cancers. Many factors account for the tumor suppressor function of RUNX3, which is reflected by its ability to suppress cancer cell proliferation after expression-restoration, and its inactivation in cancer cells. Ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation represent a major mechanism for the inactivation of RUNX3 and the suppression of cancer cell proliferation. On the one hand, RUNX3 has been shown to facilitate the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of oncogenic proteins. On the other hand, RUNX3 can be inactivated through the ubiquitin-proteasome system. This review encapsulates two facets of RUNX3 in cancer: how RUNX3 suppresses cell proliferation by facilitating the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of oncogenic proteins, and how RUNX3 is degraded itself through interacting RNA-, protein-, and pathogen-mediated ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation.
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Seo H, Seo H, Lee HY, Lee SH, Park Y. Comprehensive analysis of cellular estrogen signaling in representative estrogen receptor ligands. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 369:110303. [PMID: 36513145 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The estrogen receptor (ER)-mediated signaling pathway in physiological and biochemical aspects is very important in the environment, including food. The physiological action of estrogen is mediated by ER alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ), whose physiological action on estrogenic substances is complex because of the relatively low ligand-binding domain (LBD) similarity of the two ERs. In this study, the comprehensive activity of representative ER ligands was evaluated by using BRET-based ERα and ERβ dimerization and ER transactivation assays to differentiate the specific binding and function of ERα and ERβ from 12 representative natural and synthetic estrogenic substances. Results revealed that 11 chemicals mediated receptor ERα and ERβ dimerization, 7 out of 12 chemicals were confirmed to be estrogen agonists, and 5 chemicals were antagonistic. Overall, this study demonstrated consistency between BRET dimerization and transactivation responses, supporting potential supplementary application of mechanism-based BRET assays as high-throughput screening methods for evaluation of potential endocrine-disrupting activity of environmental agents. This study also provided information about receptor specificity of ligand-mediated estrogenic activity via dimerization assays and elucidated cellular estrogen signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwon Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyeong Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Yeon Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Hee Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Yooheon Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Dey P, Wang A, Ziegler Y, Kumar S, Yan S, Kim SH, Katzenellenbogen JA, Katzenellenbogen BS. Estrogen Receptor Beta 1: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Female Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6762323. [PMID: 36251879 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer characterized by the absence of estrogen receptor alpha, progesterone receptor, and HER2. These receptors often serve as targets in breast cancer treatment. As a result, TNBCs are difficult to treat and have a high propensity to metastasize to distant organs. For these reasons, TNBCs are responsible for over 50% of all breast cancer mortalities while only accounting for 15% to 20% of breast cancer cases. However, estrogen receptor beta 1 (ERβ1), an isoform of the ESR2 gene, has emerged as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of TNBCs. Using an in vivo xenograft preclinical mouse model with human TNBC, we found that expression of ERβ1 significantly reduced both primary tumor growth and metastasis. Moreover, TNBCs with elevated levels of ERβ1 showed reduction in epithelial to mesenchymal transition markers and breast cancer stem cell markers, and increases in the expression of genes associated with inhibition of cancer cell invasiveness and metastasis, suggesting possible mechanisms underlying the antitumor activity of ERβ1. Gene expression analysis by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and RNA-seq revealed that treatment with chloroindazole, an ERβ-selective agonist ligand, often enhanced the suppressive activity of ERβ1 in TNBCs in vivo or in TNBC cells in culture, suggesting the potential utility of ERβ1 and ERβ ligand in improving TNBC treatment. The findings enable understanding of the mechanisms by which ERβ1 impedes TNBC growth, invasiveness, and metastasis and consideration of ways by which treatments involving ERβ might improve TNBC patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parama Dey
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Alexander Wang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Yvonne Ziegler
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Shunchao Yan
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - John A Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Benita S Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carl Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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10
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Sarwar S, Alamro A, Huq F, Alghamdi A. Insights Into the Role of Epigenetic Factors Determining the Estrogen Response in Estrogen-Positive Ovarian Cancer and Prospects of Combining Epi-Drugs With Endocrine Therapy. Front Genet 2022; 13:812077. [PMID: 35873467 PMCID: PMC9306913 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.812077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies. The population at the risk is continually on the rise due to the acquired drug resistance, high relapse rate, incomplete knowledge of the etiology, cross-talk with other gynecological malignancies, and diagnosis at an advanced stage. Most ovarian tumors are thought to arise in surface epithelium somehow in response to changes in the hormonal environment. Prolonged treatment with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is also considered a contributing factor. Estrogens influence the etiology and progression of the endocrine/hormone-responsive cancers in a patient-specific manner. The concept of hormonal manipulations got attention during the last half of the 20th century when tamoxifen was approved by the FDA as the first selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Endocrine therapy that has been found to be effective against breast cancer can be an option for ovarian cancer. It is now established that global changes in the epigenetic landscape are not only the hallmark of tumor development but also contribute to the development of resistance to hormone therapy. A set of functionally related genes involved in epigenetic reprogramming are controlled by specific transcription factors (TFs). Thus, the activities of TFs mediate important mechanisms through which epigenetic enzymes and co-factors modify chromatin for the worst outcome in a site-specific manner. Furthermore, the role of epigenetic aberrations involving histone modifications is established in ovarian cancer pathogenesis. This review aims to provide insights on the role of key epigenetic determinants of response as well as resistance to the hormone therapy, the current status of research along with its limitations, and future prospects of epigenetic agents as biomarkers in early diagnosis, prognosis, and personalized treatment strategies. Finally, the possibility of small phytoestrogenic molecules in combination with immunotherapy and epi-drugs targeting ovarian cancer has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Sarwar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Sadia Sarwar,
| | - Abir Alamro
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fazlul Huq
- Eman Research Journal, Eman Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amani Alghamdi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Ferraro E, Walsh EM, Tao JJ, Chandarlapaty S, Jhaveri K. Accelerating drug development in breast cancer: New frontiers for ER inhibition. Cancer Treat Rev 2022; 109:102432. [PMID: 35839531 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2022.102432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The estrogen receptor (ER) is an important driver in the proliferation, tumorigenesis, and progression of breast cancers, and targeting ER signaling at different levels is a successful strategy in the control of hormone receptor positive (HR+) breast cancer. Endocrine therapy has been the treatment of choice for HR+ breast cancer in the early and advanced stages with multiple agents, including selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMS), selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs), and aromatase inhibitors (AIs), which vary in their mechanisms of action and pharmacokinetics. Combination strategies also employ cyclin dependent kinase 4 and 6 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase to maximize the benefits of endocrine therapy. This paper reviews the clinical development of SERDs and other novel ER inhibitors, as well as combination strategies to overcome mechanisms of ER pathway escape. It also assesses the advantages of newer oral ER inhibitors with increased bioavailability, improved therapeutic index, better administration, and increased efficacy, as well as discussing future directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Ferraro
- Breast Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elaine M Walsh
- Breast Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacqueline J Tao
- Graduate Medical Education, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarat Chandarlapaty
- Breast Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Komal Jhaveri
- Breast Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Early Drug Development Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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12
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Min JY, Lee GH, Khanal T, Jin SW, Lee SY, Kim HG, Hyon JY, Chung YH, Ha SK, Han EH, Jeong HG. Upregulation of CYP1B1 by hypoxia is mediated by ERα activation in breast cancer cells. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:2798-2816. [PMID: 35812067 PMCID: PMC9251700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine therapy for breast cancer often leads to drug resistance and tumor recurrence; tumor hypoxia is also associated with mortality and tumor relapse. Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) regulates estrogen metabolism in breast cells and is known to be overexpressed in breast cancer tissue. Although the individual association of hypoxia-induced hypoxia-inducible factor-1-alpha (HIF-1α) and CYP1B1 with tumorigenesis is well known, the association between HIF-1α and CYP1B1 leading to tumorigenesis has not been investigated. Here, we investigated the correlation between hypoxia and CYP1B1 expression in breast cancer cells for tumorigenesis-related mechanisms. Hypoxia was induced in the human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 (Er-positive) and MDA-MB-231 (triple-negative) and the normal breast epithelial cell line MCF10A; these cell lines were then subjected to immunoblotting, transient transfection, luciferase assays, gene silencing using small interfering RNA, polymerase chain reaction analysis, chromatin immunoprecipitation, co-immunoprecipitation, and mammalian two-hybrid assays. Furthermore, immunofluorescence analysis of the tumor microarrays was performed, and the pub2015 and the Cancer Genome Atlas patient datasets were analyzed. HIF-1α expression in response to hypoxia occurred in both normal and breast cancer cells, whereas CYP1B1 was induced only in estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive breast cancer cells under hypoxia. HIF-1α activated ERα through direct binding and in a ligand-independent manner to promote CYP1B1 expression. Therefore, we suggested the mechanism by which hypoxia and ER-positivity orchestrate breast cancer relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Min
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI)Cheongju 28119, South Korea
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon 34133, South Korea
| | - Gi Ho Lee
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon 34133, South Korea
| | - Tilak Khanal
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon 34133, South Korea
| | - Sun Woo Jin
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon 34133, South Korea
| | - Sang-Yeop Lee
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI)Cheongju 28119, South Korea
| | - Hyung Gyun Kim
- Department of Research Planning Team, Mokpo Marine Food-industry Research CenterMokpo 58621, South Korea
| | - Ju-Yong Hyon
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI)Cheongju 28119, South Korea
| | - Young-Ho Chung
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI)Cheongju 28119, South Korea
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Sang Keun Ha
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI)Jeollabuk-do 55365, South Korea
- Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and TechnologyDaejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Eun Hee Han
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI)Cheongju 28119, South Korea
| | - Hye Gwang Jeong
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon 34133, South Korea
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13
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Meng Q, Xie B, Yu H, Shen K, Deng X, Zhou HB, Dong C. Estrogen Receptor β-Targeted Near-Infrared Inherently Fluorescent Probe: A Potent Tool for Estrogen Receptor β Research. ACS Sens 2022; 7:109-115. [PMID: 34914372 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) is associated with many diseases, and ERβ probes can help to reveal the complex role of ERβ and promote the development of ERβ-targeted therapy. Herein, we designed and synthesized the first ERβ-targeted near-infrared (NIR) inherently fluorescent probe P5, which showed the advantages of high ERβ selectivity, good optical properties, and excellent ERβ imaging capability in living cells. The probe was successfully utilized to explore ERβ motion characteristic, and for the first time, the diffusion coefficient of ERβ was obtained. Moreover, P5 was also successfully applied to the in vivo imaging of ERβ in the prostate cancer mice model. Therefore, this ERβ-targeted NIR probe might be employed as a potential tool for the research of ERβ and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Baohua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Huiguang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Kang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiangping Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hai-Bing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chune Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
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14
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Estrogen Receptors-Mediated Apoptosis in Hormone-Dependent Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031242. [PMID: 35163166 PMCID: PMC8835409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that estrogen stimulates growth and inhibits apoptosis through estrogen receptor(ER)-mediated mechanisms in many cancer cell types. Interestingly, there is strong evidence that estrogens can also induce apoptosis, activating different ER isoforms in cancer cells. It has been observed that E2/ERα complex activates multiple pathways involved in both cell cycle progression and apoptotic cascade prevention, while E2/ERβ complex in many cases directs the cells to apoptosis. However, the exact mechanism of estrogen-induced tumor regression is not completely known. Nevertheless, ERs expression levels of specific splice variants and their cellular localization differentially affect outcome of estrogen-dependent tumors. The goal of this review is to provide a general overview of current knowledge on ERs-mediated apoptosis that occurs in main hormone dependent-cancers. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the induction of ER-mediated cell death will be useful for the development of specific ligands capable of triggering apoptosis to counteract estrogen-dependent tumor growth.
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15
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Xia S, Lin Q. Estrogen Receptor Bio-Activities Determine Clinical Endocrine Treatment Options in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221090351. [PMID: 35450488 PMCID: PMC9036337 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221090351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer therapy, estrogen receptors (ERs) are the major targeting molecules. ER-targeted therapy has provided clinical benefits for approximately 70% of all breast cancer patients through targeting the ERα subtype. In recent years, mechanisms underlying breast cancer occurrence and progression have been extensively studied and largely clarified. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, microRNA regulation, and other ER downstream signaling pathways are found to be the effective therapeutic targets in ER+ BC therapy. A number of the ER+ (ER+) breast cancer biomarkers have been established for diagnosis and prognosis. The ESR1 gene mutations that lead to endocrine therapy resistance in ER+ breast cancer had been identified. Mutations in the ligand-binding domain of ERα which encoded by ESR1 gene occur in most cases. The targeted drugs combined with endocrine therapy have been developed to improve the therapeutic efficacy of ER+ breast cancer, particularly the endocrine therapy resistance ER+ breast cancer. The combination therapy has been demonstrated to be superior to monotherapy in overall clinical evaluation. In this review, we focus on recent progress in studies on ERs and related clinical applications for targeted therapy and provide a perspective view for therapy of ER+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Xia
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qiong Lin
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Qiong Lin, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, China.
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16
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Altwegg KA, Vadlamudi RK. Role of estrogen receptor coregulators in endocrine resistant breast cancer. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2021; 2:385-400. [PMID: 34528025 PMCID: PMC8439438 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2021.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most ubiquitous cancer in women. Approximately 70–80% of BC diagnoses are positive for estrogen receptor (ER) alpha (ERα). The steroid hormone estrogen [17β-estradiol (E2)] plays a vital role both in the initiation and progression of BC. The E2-ERα mediated actions involve genomic signaling and non-genomic signaling. The specificity and magnitude of ERα signaling are mediated by interactions between ERα and several coregulator proteins called coactivators or corepressors. Alterations in the levels of coregulators are common during BC progression and they enhance ligand-dependent and ligand-independent ERα signaling which drives BC growth, progression, and endocrine therapy resistance. Many ERα coregulator proteins function as scaffolding proteins and some have intrinsic or associated enzymatic activities, thus the targeting of coregulators for blocking BC progression is a challenging task. Emerging data from in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that targeting coregulators to inhibit BC progression to therapy resistance is feasible. This review explores the current state of ERα coregulator signaling and the utility of targeting the ERα coregulator axis in treating advanced BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin A Altwegg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.,Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Ratna K Vadlamudi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.,Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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17
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Gao J, Weng W, Qu X, Huang B, Zhang Y, Zhu Z. Risk factors predicting the occurrence of metachronous ovarian metastasis of gastric cancer. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1049. [PMID: 34422961 PMCID: PMC8339813 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-1419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Ovarian metastasis following radical gastrectomy, also known as metachronous ovarian metastasis (MOM), pose a significant threat to the long-term survival of female gastric cancer (GC) patients. However, a mechanism to identify and characterize operated patients at high risk of developing MOM remains unknown. This retrospective study aimed to identify risk factors for the occurrence of MOM based on the profiling of clinicopathological parameters and expression of sex hormone receptors (SHR) of operated GC patients with and without ovarian relapse. Methods The clinicopathological data of 1,055 female GC patients from two medical centers who underwent surgery between January 2011 and December 2015 were reviewed. A total of 378 patients with and without the occurrence of MOM met the eligibility criteria, including the availability of medical records, adequacy of lymph node dissection, completeness of clinicopathological data, sufficient follow-up time, and no administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy were selected for further analysis. Expressions of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), estrogen receptor beta (ERβ), and progesterone receptor (PR) were detected by immunohistochemical staining on the surgical specimens of patients, and retrospective statistical analyses identified independent risk factors for the occurrence of MOM. A risk prediction model in the format of a polygenic hazard score (PHS) for the occurrence of MOM was established by introducing and modifying the previously validated polygenic risk score (PRS)/PHS. Results A Cox regression-based multivariate analysis identified premenopausal with an HR of 3.15 (95% CI, 1.66–5.98), more advanced pathological T stage with an HR of 3.79 (95% CI, 2.14–6.69), more advanced pathological N stage with an HR of 1.85 (95% CI, 1.35–2.54), and negative expression of ERβ with an HR of 0.33 (95% CI, 0.15–0.7) as independent risk factors for the occurrence of MOM (P<0.01). Accordingly, a PHS for the occurrence of MOM was established, with 1-, 2-, and 3-year ovarian relapse rates for the high-risk group estimated at 17.8%, 33.7%, and 46.2%, respectively. Conclusions Premenopausal status, depth of tumor invasion, number of positive lymph nodes, and negative expression of ERβ were independent factors for the occurrence of MOM. More frequent follow-up examinations are recommended to provide timely diagnosis and medical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianpeng Gao
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Weng
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofei Qu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Binhao Huang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenglun Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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18
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Ranjbarvan P, Khazaei F, Chobsaz F, Khazaei M. Comparison of raloxifene effect on the growth and angiogenesis of human endometrium of healthy and endometriosis subjects: An in vitro three-dimensional tissue culture model. JOURNAL OF ENDOMETRIOSIS AND PELVIC PAIN DISORDERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/22840265211018310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Raloxifene (Ral) is the oldest SERM (selective oestrogen receptor modulators) for treatment of breast cancer and osteoporosis. Its oestrogen-modulating effects have been shown in breast and uterus. Since there is little available data on direct Ral effect on the human endometrium, the aim of present study was to investigate the Ral effect on the growth and angiogenesis of the human endometrium of healthy and endometriosis subjects in an in vitro three-dimensional (3D) tissue culture model. Material and methods: Endometrial biopsies from healthy ( n = 9) and endometriosis ( n = 7) patients (endometriotic) were taken and were cut into 1 × 1 mm fragments and implanted between two layers of fibrin jell made by fibrinogen solution (3 mg/ml in medium 199+thrombin). Tissue cultures were performed in 24-wel culture plates. Each biopsy was divided into control wells which received M199 supplemented with FBS (5%) and experimental wells which received same media containing one of raloxifene doses (0.1, 1 and 10 μM). Endometrial tissues were photographed at the beginning and the end of the study period (21 days). Tissue growth and angiogenesis were determined by a scoring system. Results: In control (0), 0.1, 1 and 10 μM Ral, the growth score of normal human endometrial tissues were 1.99, 1.72, 1.53 and 1.12 ( p = 0.02) and angiogenesis percent were 29.6%, 31.28%, 33% and 11.5%. The Growth scores of the endometriotic endometrium were 1.92, 1.82, 1.92 and 1.1 ( p = 0.008) and angiogenesis percent were 36.6%, 16.6%, 44% and 12.5% respectively. Conclusion: Raloxifene showed a different dose dependent effect on endometrial and endometriotic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parviz Ranjbarvan
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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19
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Basappa B, Chumadathil Pookunoth B, Shinduvalli Kempasiddegowda M, Knchugarakoppal Subbegowda R, Lobie PE, Pandey V. Novel Biphenyl Amines Inhibit Oestrogen Receptor (ER)-α in ER-Positive Mammary Carcinoma Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:783. [PMID: 33546391 PMCID: PMC7913524 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, the activity of adamantanyl-tethered-biphenyl amines (ATBAs) as oestrogen receptor alpha (ERα) modulating ligands is reported. Using an ERα competitor assay it was demonstrated that ATBA compound 3-(adamantan-1-yl)-4-methoxy-N-(4-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl) aniline (AMTA) exhibited an inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) value of 62.84 nM and demonstrated better binding affinity compared to tamoxifen (IC50 = 79.48 nM). Treatment of ERα positive (ER+) mammary carcinoma (MC) cells (Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF7)) with AMTA significantly decreased cell viability at an IC50 value of 6.4 μM. AMTA treatment of MC cell-generated three-dimensional (3D) spheroids resulted in significantly decreased cell viability. AMTA demonstrated a superior inhibitory effect compared to tamoxifen-treated MC cell spheroids. Subsequently, by use of an oestrogen response element (ERE) luciferase reporter construct, it was demonstrated that AMTA treatment significantly deceased ERE transcriptional activity in MC cells. Concordantly, AMTA treatment of MC cells also significantly decreased protein levels of oestrogen-regulated CCND1 in a dose-dependent manner. In silico molecular docking analysis suggested that AMTA compounds interact with the ligand-binding domain of ERα compared to the co-crystal ligand, 5-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-6-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-7- methylnaphthalen-2-ol. Therefore, an analogue of AMTA may provide a structural basis to develop a newer class of ERα partial agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basappa Basappa
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India;
- Department of Chemistry, Bangalore University, Bangalore 560001, India;
| | | | | | | | - Peter E. Lobie
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Beijing 518055, China;
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Beijing 518055, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Vijay Pandey
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Beijing 518055, China;
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Beijing 518055, China
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20
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Kumar N, Tandon M, Chintamani CM, Saxena S. Immunoexpression of claudin-4 and correlation with estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-neu in breast cancer. J Cancer Res Ther 2021; 18:1766-1770. [DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1909_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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21
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Mirzaeyan P, Shokrzadeh M, Salehzadeh A, Ajamian F. Association of estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) gene (rs2234693) polymorphism, ESR1 promoter methylation status, and serum heavy metals concentration, with breast cancer: A study on Iranian women population. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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22
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Mal R, Magner A, David J, Datta J, Vallabhaneni M, Kassem M, Manouchehri J, Willingham N, Stover D, Vandeusen J, Sardesai S, Williams N, Wesolowski R, Lustberg M, Ganju RK, Ramaswamy B, Cherian MA. Estrogen Receptor Beta (ERβ): A Ligand Activated Tumor Suppressor. Front Oncol 2020; 10:587386. [PMID: 33194742 PMCID: PMC7645238 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.587386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) belong to a superfamily of nuclear receptors called steroid hormone receptors, which, upon binding ligand, dimerize and translocate to the nucleus where they activate or repress the transcription of a large number of genes, thus modulating critical physiologic processes. ERβ has multiple isoforms that show differing association with prognosis. Expression levels of the full length ERβ1 isoform are often lower in aggressive cancers as compared to normal tissue. High ERβ1 expression is associated with improved overall survival in women with breast cancer. The promise of ERβ activation, as a potential targeted therapy, is based on concurrent activation of multiple tumor suppressor pathways with few side effects compared to chemotherapy. Thus, ERβ is a nuclear receptor with broad-spectrum tumor suppressor activity, which could serve as a potential treatment target in a variety of human cancers including breast cancer. Further development of highly selective agonists that lack ERα agonist activity, will be necessary to fully harness the potential of ERβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mal
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Alexa Magner
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Joel David
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jharna Datta
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Meghna Vallabhaneni
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mahmoud Kassem
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Cancer, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jasmine Manouchehri
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Natalie Willingham
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Daniel Stover
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Cancer, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jeffery Vandeusen
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Cancer, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sagar Sardesai
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Cancer, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Nicole Williams
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Cancer, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Robert Wesolowski
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Cancer, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Maryam Lustberg
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Cancer, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ramesh K Ganju
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Bhuvaneswari Ramaswamy
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Cancer, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mathew A Cherian
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Cancer, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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23
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Chimento A, De Luca A, Nocito MC, Avena P, La Padula D, Zavaglia L, Pezzi V. Role of GPER-Mediated Signaling in Testicular Functions and Tumorigenesis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092115. [PMID: 32957524 PMCID: PMC7563107 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen signaling plays important roles in testicular functions and tumorigenesis. Fifteen years ago, it was discovered that a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family, GPR30, which binds also with high affinity to estradiol and is responsible, in part, for the rapid non-genomic actions of estrogens. GPR30, renamed as GPER, was detected in several tissues including germ cells (spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids) and somatic cells (Sertoli and Leydig cells). In our previous review published in 2014, we summarized studies that evidenced a role of GPER signaling in mediating estrogen action during spermatogenesis and testis development. In addition, we evidenced that GPER seems to be involved in modulating estrogen-dependent testicular cancer cell growth; however, the effects on cell survival and proliferation depend on specific cell type. In this review, we update the knowledge obtained in the last years on GPER roles in regulating physiological functions of testicular cells and its involvement in neoplastic transformation of both germ and somatic cells. In particular, we will focus our attention on crosstalk among GPER signaling, classical estrogen receptors and other nuclear receptors involved in testis physiology regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Chimento
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (V.P.); Tel.: +39-0984-493184 (A.C.); +39-0984-493148 (V.P.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (V.P.); Tel.: +39-0984-493184 (A.C.); +39-0984-493148 (V.P.)
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24
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Böckers M, Paul NW, Efferth T. Bisphenolic compounds alter gene expression in MCF-7 cells through interaction with estrogen receptor α. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 399:115030. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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25
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Barua D, Gupta A, Gupta S. Targeting the IRE1-XBP1 axis to overcome endocrine resistance in breast cancer: Opportunities and challenges. Cancer Lett 2020; 486:29-37. [PMID: 32446861 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1, which encodes estrogen receptor-alpha) is a key driver gene for the initiation and progression of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Estrogen receptor-alpha (ER) is expressed in up to 70% of cases, and patients are routinely treated with endocrine therapies. However, the development of resistance over time is common and occurs in one-third of ER-positive breast tumors, leading to disease progression and death. X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), a key component of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and ER signaling pathway, generates a positive feedback regulatory loop that leads to increased expression of XBP1 and ER in luminal breast cancer. In this review, we highlight new insights into the mechanisms of crosstalk between XBP1 and ER signaling and its clinical implications. Next, we describe the key signaling nodes that play an important role in XBP1-mediated endocrine resistance in breast cancer. Further, we discuss XBP1 gene mutations in breast cancer and the role of these mutations in the emergence of endocrine resistance and response to treatment. Finally, we discuss the current state and future directions for targeting XBP1 in combination with standard endocrine therapy to improve clinical outcomes in endocrine-resistant breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Barua
- Discipline of Pathology, Cancer Progression and Treatment Research Group, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland-Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ananya Gupta
- Discipline of Physiology, Human Biology Building, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland-Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- Discipline of Pathology, Cancer Progression and Treatment Research Group, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland-Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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26
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Andò S, Naimo GD, Gelsomino L, Catalano S, Mauro L. Novel insights into adiponectin action in breast cancer: Evidence of its mechanistic effects mediated by ERα expression. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13004. [PMID: 32067339 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the multifaceted effects of adiponectin on breast cancer cell signalling, tumour metabolism, and microenvironment. It is largely documented that low adiponectin levels are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. However, it needs to be still clarified what are the extents of the decrease of local/intra-tumoural adiponectin concentrations, which promote breast tumour malignancy. Most of the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects induced by adiponectin have been obtained in breast cancer cells not expressing estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). Here, we will highlight recent findings demonstrating the mechanistic effects through which adiponectin is able to fuel genomic and non-genomic estrogen signalling, inhibiting LKB1/AMPK/mTOR/S6K pathway and switching energy balance. Therefore, it emerges that the reduced adiponectin levels in patients with obesity work to sustain tumour growth and progression in ERα-positive breast cancer cells. All this may contribute to remove the misleading paradigm that adiponectin univocally inhibits breast cancer cell growth and progression independently on ERα status. The latter concept, here clearly provided by pre-clinical studies, may have translational relevance adopting adiponectin as a potential therapeutic tool. Indeed, the interfering role of ERα on adiponectin action addresses how a separate assessment of adiponectin treatment needs to be considered in novel therapeutic strategies for ERα-positive and ERα-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.,Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Daniela Naimo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Luca Gelsomino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Stefania Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Loredana Mauro
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
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27
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ER and PI3K Pathway Activity in Primary ER Positive Breast Cancer Is Associated with Progression-Free Survival of Metastatic Patients under First-Line Tamoxifen. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040802. [PMID: 32230714 PMCID: PMC7226576 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer patients are eligible for hormonal treatment, but only around half respond. A test with higher specificity for prediction of endocrine therapy response is needed to avoid hormonal overtreatment and to enable selection of alternative treatments. A novel testing method was reported before that enables measurement of functional signal transduction pathway activity in individual cancer tissue samples, using mRNA levels of target genes of the respective pathway-specific transcription factor. Using this method, 130 primary breast cancer samples were analyzed from non-metastatic ER+ patients, treated with surgery without adjuvant hormonal therapy, who subsequently developed metastatic disease that was treated with first-line tamoxifen. Quantitative activity levels were measured of androgen and estrogen receptor (AR and ER), PI3K-FOXO, Hedgehog (HH), NFκB, TGFβ, and Wnt pathways. Based on samples with known pathway activity, thresholds were set to distinguish low from high activity. Subsequently, pathway activity levels were correlated with the tamoxifen treatment response and progression-free survival. High ER pathway activity was measured in 41% of the primary tumors and was associated with longer time to progression (PFS) of metastases during first-line tamoxifen treatment. In contrast, high PI3K, HH, and androgen receptor pathway activity was associated with shorter PFS, and high PI3K and TGFβ pathway activity with worse treatment response. Potential clinical utility of assessment of ER pathway activity lies in predicting response to hormonal therapy, while activity of PI3K, HH, TGFβ, and AR pathways may indicate failure to respond, but also opens new avenues for alternative or complementary targeted treatments.
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28
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Liu ZH, Chen ML, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, An X, Luo YL, Liu XM, Liu SX, Liu Q, Yang T, Liu YM, Liu BL, Zhou AJ, Li MZ, Liu YJ, Liu ZX, Zhong Q. ZIC2 is downregulated and represses tumor growth via the regulation of STAT3 in breast cancer. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:505-518. [PMID: 32064600 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Although early detection and systemic therapies have improved the diagnosis and clinical cure rate of breast cancer, breast cancer remains the most frequently occurring malignant cancer in women due to a lack of sufficiently effective treatments. Thus, to develop potential targeted therapies and thus benefit more patients, it is helpful to understand how cancer cells work. ZIC family members have been shown to play important roles in neural development and carcinogenesis. In our study, we found that ZIC2 is downregulated in breast cancer tissues at both the mRNA and protein levels. Low expression of ZIC2 was correlated with poor outcome in breast cancer patients and serves as an independent prognostic marker. Furthermore, overexpression of ZIC2 repressed, whereas knockdown of ZIC2 promoted, cell proliferation and colony formation ability in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Using ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analysis, we screened and identified STAT3 as a potential target for ZIC2. ZIC2 bound to the STAT3 promoter and repressed the promoter activities of STAT3. ZIC2 knockdown induced the expression of STAT3, increasing the level of phosphorylated STAT3. These results suggest that ZIC2 regulates the transcription of STAT3 by directly binding to the STAT3 promoter. Additionally, interfering STAT3 with siRNAs or inhibitors abrogated the oncogenic effects induced by decreased ZIC2. Taken together, our results indicate that ZIC2 serves as a useful prognostic marker in breast cancer and acts as a tumor suppressor by regulating STAT3, implying that STAT3 inhibitors might provide an alternative treatment option for breast cancer patients with ZIC2 downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei-Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, China.,Department of Ultrasound, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, SYSUCC, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin An
- Department of Medical Oncology, SYSUCC, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ling Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Min Liu
- Section 3 of Internal Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shang-Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin-Liu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, China
| | - Ai-Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, China
| | - Man-Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Jie Liu
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ze-Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, China
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Guo WY, Zeng SMZ, Deora GS, Li QS, Ruan BF. Estrogen Receptor α (ERα)-targeting Compounds and Derivatives: Recent Advances in Structural Modification and Bioactivity. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:1318-1337. [PMID: 31215379 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190619142504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer suffered by female, and the second highest cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide. At present, hormone therapy is still the main treatment route and can be divided into three main categories: selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), selective estrogen receptor downregulators (SERDs), and aromatase inhibitors (AIs). However, breast cancer is difficult to cure even after several rounds of anti-estrogen therapy and most drugs have serious side-effects. Here, we review the literature published over the past five years regarding the isolation and synthesis of analogs and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yun Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Shang-Ming-Zhu Zeng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Girdhar Singh Deora
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Qing-Shan Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Ban-Feng Ruan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
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30
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Kiyama R. Estrogenic Activity of Coffee Constituents. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1401. [PMID: 31234352 PMCID: PMC6628280 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, the constituents of coffee with estrogenic activity are summarized by a comprehensive literature search, and their mechanisms of action for their physiological effects are discussed at the molecular and cellular levels. The estrogenic activity of coffee constituents, such as acids, caramelized products, carbohydrates, lignin, minerals, nitrogenous compounds, oil (lipids), and others, such as volatile compounds, was first evaluated by activity assays, such as animal tests, cell assay, ligand-binding assay, protein assay, reporter-gene assay, transcription assay, and yeast two-hybrid assay. Second, the health benefits associated with the estrogenic coffee constituents, such as bone protection, cancer treatment/prevention, cardioprotection, neuroprotection, and the improvement of menopausal syndromes, were summarized, including their potential therapeutic/clinical applications. Inconsistent results regarding mixed estrogenic/anti-estrogenic/non-estrogenic or biphasic activity, and unbeneficial effects associated with the constituents, such as endocrine disruption, increase the complexity of the effects of estrogenic coffee constituents. However, as the increase of the knowledge about estrogenic cell signaling, such as the types of specific signaling pathways, selective modulations of cell signaling, signal crosstalk, and intercellular/intracellular networks, pathway-based assessment will become a more realistic means in the future to more reliably evaluate the beneficial applications of estrogenic coffee constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoiti Kiyama
- Dept. of Life Science, Faculty of Life Science, Kyushu Sangyo Univ. 2-3-1 Matsukadai, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 813-8503, Japan.
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31
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Saijo S, Kuwano Y, Tange S, Rokutan K, Nishida K. A novel long non-coding RNA from the HOXA6-HOXA5 locus facilitates colon cancer cell growth. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:532. [PMID: 31159758 PMCID: PMC6547586 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5715-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Homeobox A5 (HOXA5), a member of the HOX family, plays an important role in tumor development and morphogenesis, although opposite effects on tumorigenesis have been observed, depending on the tissue type. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of a novel transcript from the HOXA6-HOXA5 locus in colon cancer tumorigenesis. Methods Human colon cancer cell lines were analyzed using next generation sequencing-based targeted mRNA capture. The effects of overexpression and silencing of HOXA5 transcripts were evaluated in vitro and using a xenograft nude mouse model. Results We identified three novel transcripts (HOXA5 short, long 1, and long 2) transcribed from the HOXA6-HOXA5 locus in HCT116 colon cancer cells using next generation sequencing-based targeted mRNA capture. Knockdown of HOXA5 long 1 and long 2 transcripts did not affect cell growth, while selective silencing of HOXA5 short RNA inhibited cell growth independent of HOXA5 expression. Stable overexpression of HOXA5 short RNA promoted proliferation and migration of colon cancer cell lines HCT116, DLD1, and HT-29 and accelerated tumor growth in the xenograft mouse model. In vitro translation assays suggested HOXA5 short RNA was a functional long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). Consistent with these observations, expression of HOXA5 short RNA was upregulated in advanced colon cancer tissues. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of differentially expressed genes between HOXA5 short RNA overexpressed and silenced HCT116 cells revealed that HOXA5 short RNA preferentially modified expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) signal-related genes. Western blot analysis demonstrated that stable overexpression of HOXA5 short RNA increased EGF receptor levels and facilitated its phosphorylation in both HCT116 cells and xenograft tumors. Conclusions Our results suggested that HOXA5 short RNA, a novel lncRNA, may play a crucial role in colon tumor growth through activation of EGF signaling. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5715-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Saijo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yuki Kuwano
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tange
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Rokutan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kensei Nishida
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
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32
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Frump AL, Selej M, Wood JA, Albrecht M, Yakubov B, Petrache I, Lahm T. Hypoxia Upregulates Estrogen Receptor β in Pulmonary Artery Endothelial Cells in a HIF-1α-Dependent Manner. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 59:114-126. [PMID: 29394091 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0167oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
17β-Estradiol (E2) attenuates hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH) through estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent effects, including inhibition of hypoxia-induced endothelial cell proliferation; however, the mechanisms responsible for this remain unknown. We hypothesized that the protective effects of E2 in HPH are mediated through hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α)-dependent increases in ERβ expression. Sprague-Dawley rats and ERα or ERβ knockout mice were exposed to hypobaric hypoxia for 2-3 weeks. The effects of hypoxia were also studied in primary rat or human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs). Hypoxia increased expression of ERβ, but not ERα, in lungs from HPH rats as well as in rat and human PAECs. ERβ mRNA time dependently increased in PAECs exposed to hypoxia. Normoxic HIF-1α/HIF-2α stabilization increased PAEC ERβ, whereas HIF-1α knockdown decreased ERβ abundance in hypoxic PAECs. In turn, ERβ knockdown in hypoxic PAECs increased HIF-2α expression, suggesting a hypoxia-sensitive feedback mechanism. ERβ knockdown in hypoxic PAECs also decreased expression of the HIF inhibitor prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2), whereas ERβ activation increased PHD2 and decreased both HIF-1α and HIF-2α, suggesting that ERβ regulates the PHD2/HIF-1α/HIF-2α axis during hypoxia. Whereas hypoxic wild-type or ERα knockout mice treated with E2 demonstrated less pulmonary vascular remodeling and decreased HIF-1α after hypoxia compared with untreated hypoxic mice, ERβ knockout mice exhibited increased HIF-2α and an attenuated response to E2 during hypoxia. Taken together, our results demonstrate a novel and potentially therapeutically targetable mechanism whereby hypoxia, via HIF-1α, increases ERβ expression and the E2-ERβ axis targets PHD2, HIF-1α, and HIF-2α to attenuate HPH development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Frump
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Mona Selej
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Jordan A Wood
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Marjorie Albrecht
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Bakhtiyor Yakubov
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Irina Petrache
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine.,2 Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, and
| | - Tim Lahm
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine.,2 Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, and.,3 Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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33
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Mokale S, Sakle N, Lokwani D. Caesalpinia pulcherrima sarrests cell cycle and triggers reactive oxygen species-induced mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and necroptosis via modulating estrogen and estrogen receptors. Pharmacogn Mag 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_100_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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34
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Liu X, Huang J, Lin H, Xiong L, Ma Y, Lao H. ESR1 PvuII (rs2234693 T>C) polymorphism and cancer susceptibility: Evidence from 80 studies. J Cancer 2018; 9:2963-2972. [PMID: 30123365 PMCID: PMC6096366 DOI: 10.7150/jca.25638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging epidemiological researches have been performed to assess the association of ESR1 PvuII (rs2234693 T>C) polymorphism with the risk of cancer, yet with conflicting conclusions. Therefore, this updated meta-analysis was performed to make a more accurate evaluation of such relationship. We adopted EMBASE, PubMed, CNKI, and WANFANG database to search relevant literature before January 2018. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were employed to estimate the relationship strengths. In final, 80 studies (69 publications) involving 26428 cases and 43381 controls were enrolled. Our results failed to provide significant association between overall cancer risk and PvuII polymorphism under homozygous (TT vs. CC) and heterozygous (TT vs. CT) models. Statistically significant relationship was only observed for PvuII polymorphism in allele model T vs. C (OR=0.95, 95% CI=0.91-0.99). Stratification analysis by cancer type suggested that T genotype significantly decreased prostate cancer risk (TT vs. CC: OR=0.79, 95% CI=0.66-0.94; T vs. C: OR=0.89, 95% CI=0.82-0.98), Leiomyoma risk (T vs. C: OR=0.82, 95% CI=0.68-0.98), and HCC risk (TT vs. CC: OR=0.45, 95% CI=0.28-0.71; T vs. C: OR=0.67, 95% CI=0.47-0.95). Furthermore, significantly decreased risk was also found for Africans, population-based and hospital-based studies in the stratified analyses. These results suggest that ESR1 PvuII (rs2234693 T>C) polymorphism may only have little impact on cancer susceptibility. In the future, large-scale epidemical studies are warranted to verify these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiawen Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiran Lin
- Laboratory Animal Management Office, Public Service Platform for Science and Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingjuan Xiong
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunzi Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiyan Lao
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
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Fleming CA, Heneghan HM, O'Brien D, McCartan DP, McDermott EW, Prichard RS. Meta-analysis of the cumulative risk of endometrial malignancy and systematic review of endometrial surveillance in extended tamoxifen therapy. Br J Surg 2018; 105:1098-1106. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Optimal management of the endometrium in patients with oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer taking extended tamoxifen therapy (for 10 years) remains uncertain. A meta-analysis was performed to determine the cumulative risk ratio (RR) for endometrial malignancy following extended compared with standard tamoxifen treatment. A systematic review was undertaken to identify whether routine endometrial surveillance in patients receiving tamoxifen is associated with earlier detection and reduced incidence of endometrial malignancy.
Methods
Two independent searches were undertaken in the Cochrane Library, PubMed and MEDLINE. A meta-analysis was performed of RCTs reporting on endometrial malignancy risk in extended tamoxifen therapy. A systematic review included prospective studies investigating the benefit of endometrial surveillance during tamoxifen therapy.
Results
Four RCTs reported on endometrial risk in extended tamoxifen therapy. The cumulative risk of endometrial malignancy increased twofold from 1·5 to 3·2 per cent with extended therapy compared with the standard 5 years of tamoxifen (RR 2·29, 95 per cent c.i. 1·60 to 3·28; P < 0·001). Four studies analysed the value of endometrial screening in 5-year cohorts. Endometrial cancer rates of up to 2 per cent were reported, which is higher than rates in the large extended tamoxifen trials.
Conclusion
Extended adjuvant tamoxifen is associated with an increase in endometrial cancer. No clear benefit has been shown for routine endometrial surveillance in asymptomatic patients on tamoxifen therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Fleming
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital Group, Dublin, Ireland
| | - H M Heneghan
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital Group, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D O'Brien
- Department of Gynaecology, St Vincent's Hospital Group, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D P McCartan
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital Group, Dublin, Ireland
| | - E W McDermott
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital Group, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R S Prichard
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital Group, Dublin, Ireland
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Cunha SI, Jia M, Souchelnytskyi S. Exposure to EGF and 17β‑estradiol irreversibly affects the proliferation and transformation of MCF7 cells but is not sufficient to promote tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model upon withdrawal of exposure. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:1615-1624. [PMID: 29956719 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and estrogen are potent regulators of breast tumorigenesis. Their short‑term actions on human breast epithelial cells have been investigated extensively. However, the consequence of a long‑term exposure to EGF and estrogen remains to be fully elucidated. The present study examined the effects of long‑term exposure to EGF and 17β‑estradiol on the proliferation, transformation, expression of markers of stemness, and tumorigenesis of MCF7 human breast adenocarcinoma cells. Exposure to EGF and/or 17β‑estradiol irreversibly enhanced the proliferation rate of MCF7 cells, even following withdrawal. However, in a mouse xenograft experiment, no significant difference in tumor volume was observed between tumors derived from cells exposed to EGF, 17β‑estradiol or EGF + 17β‑estradiol. Immunohistochemistry performed on tumors derived from 17β‑estradiol‑exposed cells revealed reduced cell proliferation and vessel scores, according to the results obtained using Ki67 and von Willebrand factor staining, respectively. The EGF‑ and/or 17β‑estradiol‑treated cells exhibited an increased ratio of cluster of differentiation (CD)44+/CD24‑ cells and enhanced ability to form mammospheres. Furthermore, the long‑term exposure of MCF7 cells to EGF and 17β‑estradiol altered their responsiveness to short‑term stimulatory or inhibitory treatments with EGF, 17β‑estradiol, transforming growth factor‑β1 (TGFβ1), Iressa and SB431542. Therefore, the findings indicated that sustained exposure of MCF7 cells to EGF and/or 17β‑estradiol resulted in enhanced cell proliferation and mammosphere formation, an increased ratio of CD44+/CD24‑ cells, and altered responses to short‑term treatments with EGF, 17β‑estradiol, TGFβ1, and drugs inhibiting these signaling pathways. However, this sustained exposure was not sufficient to affect tumor take or volume in a xenograft mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara I Cunha
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75237 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Min Jia
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14157 Stockholm, Sweden
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McGowan EM, Lin Y, Hatoum D. Good Guy or Bad Guy? The Duality of Wild-Type p53 in Hormone-Dependent Breast Cancer Origin, Treatment, and Recurrence. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10060172. [PMID: 29857525 PMCID: PMC6025368 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10060172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
"Lactation is at one point perilously near becoming a cancerous process if it is at all arrested", Beatson, 1896. Most breast cancers arise from the milk-producing cells that are characterized by aberrant cellular, molecular, and epigenetic translation. By understanding the underlying molecular disruptions leading to the origin of cancer, we might be able to design novel strategies for more efficacious treatments or, ambitiously, divert the cancerous process. It is an established reality that full-term pregnancy in a young woman provides a lifetime reduction in breast cancer risk, whereas delay in full-term pregnancy increases short-term breast cancer risk and the probability of latent breast cancer development. Hormonal activation of the p53 protein (encode by the TP53 gene) in the mammary gland at a critical time in pregnancy has been identified as one of the most important determinants of whether the mammary gland develops latent breast cancer. This review discusses what is known about the protective influence of female hormones in young parous women, with a specific focus on the opportune role of wild-type p53 reprogramming in mammary cell differentiation. The importance of p53 as a protector or perpetrator in hormone-dependent breast cancer, resistance to treatment, and recurrence is also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen M McGowan
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia.
| | - Yiguang Lin
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia.
| | - Diana Hatoum
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia.
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La Spina R, Ferrero VEV, Aiello V, Pedotti M, Varani L, Lettieri T, Calzolai L, Haasnoot W, Colpo P. Label-Free Biosensor Detection of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds Using Engineered Estrogen Receptors. BIOSENSORS 2017; 8:E1. [PMID: 29271936 PMCID: PMC5872049 DOI: 10.3390/bios8010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds (EDCs) are chemical substances shown to interfere with endogenous hormones affecting the endocrine, immune and nervous systems of mammals. EDCs are the causative agents of diseases including reproductive disorders and cancers. This highlights the urgency to develop fast and sensitive methods to detect EDCs, which are detrimental even at very low concentrations. In this work, we propose a label-free surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor method to detect specific EDCs (17 β-estradiol (E2), ethinyl-estradiol, 4-nonylphenol, tamoxifen) through their binding to estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). We show that the use of rationally designed ERα (as bio-recognition element) in combination with conformation-sensitive peptides (as amplification agent, resulting in increased responses) enables the detection of low parts per billion (ppb) levels of E2. As a proof of concept, this bioassay was used to detect E2 in (spiked) real water samples from fish farms, rivers and the sea at low ppb levels after concentration by solid phase extraction. In addition, the present SPR assay that combines a conformation-sensitive peptide with an array of ERα mutants is very promising for the assessment of the risk of potential estrogenic activity for chemical substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita La Spina
- European Commission-DG Joint Research Centre, Directorate Health Consumer and Reference Materials, 21027 Ispra, Italy.
| | - Valentina E V Ferrero
- European Commission-DG Joint Research Centre, Directorate Sustainable Resources, 21027 Ispra, Italy.
| | - Venera Aiello
- European Commission-DG Joint Research Centre, Directorate Health Consumer and Reference Materials, 21027 Ispra, Italy.
| | - Mattia Pedotti
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - Luca Varani
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - Teresa Lettieri
- European Commission-DG Joint Research Centre, Directorate Sustainable Resources, 21027 Ispra, Italy.
| | - Luigi Calzolai
- European Commission-DG Joint Research Centre, Directorate Health Consumer and Reference Materials, 21027 Ispra, Italy.
| | - Willem Haasnoot
- Authenticity & Bioassays, RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen University, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Pascal Colpo
- European Commission-DG Joint Research Centre, Directorate Health Consumer and Reference Materials, 21027 Ispra, Italy.
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Fang Q, Yao S, Luo G, Zhang X. Identification of differentially expressed genes in human breast cancer cells induced by 4-hydroxyltamoxifen and elucidation of their pathophysiological relevance and mechanisms. Oncotarget 2017; 9:2475-2501. [PMID: 29416786 PMCID: PMC5788654 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While tamoxifen (TAM) is used for treating estrogen receptor (ER)a-positive breast cancer patients, its anti-breast cancer mechanisms are not completely elucidated. This study aimed to examine effects of 4-hydroxyltamoxifen (4-OH-TAM) on ER-positive (ER+) breast cancer MCF-7 cell growth and gene expression profiles. MCF-7 cell growth was inhibited by 4-OH-TAM dose-dependently with IC50 of 29 μM. 332 genes were up-regulated while 320 genes were down-regulated. The mRNA levels of up-regulated genes including STAT1, STAT2, EIF2AK2, TGM2, DDX58, PARP9, SASH1, RBL2 and USP18 as well as down-regulated genes including CCDN1, S100A9, S100A8, ANXA1 and PGR were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). In human breast tumor tissues, mRNA levels of EIF2Ak2, USP18, DDX58, RBL2, STAT2, PGR, S1000A9, and CCND1 were significantly higher in ER+- than in ER--breast cancer tissues. The mRNA levels of EIF2AK2, TGM2, USP18, DDX58, PARP9, STAT2, STAT1, PGR and CCND1 were all significantly higher in ER+-tumor tissues than in their corresponding tumor-adjacent tissues. These genes, except PGR and CCND1 which were down-regulated, were also up-regulated in ER+ MCF-7 cells by 4-OH-TAM. Total 14 genes mentioned above are involved in regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycles, and estrogen and interferon signal pathways. Bioinformatics analysis also revealed other novel and important regulatory factors that are associated with these genes and involved in the mentioned functional processes. This study has paved a foundation for elucidating TAM anti-breast cancer mechanisms in E2/ER-dependent and independent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Fang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Yao
- Comprehensive Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, P.R. China
| | - Guanghua Luo
- Comprehensive Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Comprehensive Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, P.R. China
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40
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Design, synthesis, estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities of some triarylpyrazole derivatives. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-1977-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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41
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Lu DG, Ma YM, Zhu AJ, Han YW. An early biomarker and potential therapeutic target of RUNX 3 hypermethylation in breast cancer, a system review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:22166-22174. [PMID: 27825140 PMCID: PMC5400655 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) methylation plays an important role in the carcinogenesis of breast cancer (BC). However, the association between RUNX3 hypermethylation and significance of BC remains under investigation. The purpose of this study is to perform a meta-analysis and literature review to evaluate the clinicopathological significance of RUNX3 hypermethylation in BC. A comprehensive literature search was performed in Medline, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library Database, CNKI and Google scholar. A total of 10 studies and 747 patients were included for the meta-analysis. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding confidence intervals (CIs) were evaluated and summarized respectively. RUNX3 hypermethylation was significantly correlated with the risk of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), OR was 50.37, p < 0.00001 and 22.66, p < 0.00001 respectively. Interestingly, the frequency of RUNX3 hypermethylation increased in estrogen receptor (ER) positive BC, OR was 12.12, p = 0.005. High RUNX3 mRNA expression was strongly associated with better relapse-free survival (RFS) in BC patients. In summary, RUNX3 methylation could be a promising early biomarker for the diagnosis of BC. High RUNX3 mRNA expression is correlated to better RFS in BC patients. RUNX3 could be a potential therapeutic target for the development of personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Guo Lu
- Clinical Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Mei Ma
- Clinical Laboratory, Linyi Chest Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Ai-Ju Zhu
- Department of ophtalmology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Wei Han
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P. R. China
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Rangel N, Villegas VE, Rondón-Lagos M. Profiling of gene expression regulated by 17β-estradiol and tamoxifen in estrogen receptor-positive and estrogen receptor-negative human breast cancer cell lines. BREAST CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2017; 9:537-550. [PMID: 29033607 PMCID: PMC5614746 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s146247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
One area of great importance in breast cancer (BC) research is the study of gene expression regulated by both estrogenic and antiestrogenic agents. Although many studies have been performed in this area, most of them have only addressed the effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) and tamoxifen (TAM) on MCF7 cells. This study aimed to determine the effect of low doses of E2 and TAM on the expression levels of 84 key genes, which are commonly involved in breast carcinogenesis, in four BC cell lines differentially expressing estrogen receptor (ER) α and HER2 (MCF7, T47D, BT474, and SKBR3). The results allowed us to determine the expression patterns modulated by E2 and TAM in ERα+ and ERα− cell lines, as well as to identify differences in expression patterns. Although the MCF7 cell line is the most frequently used model to determine gene expression profiles in response to E2 and TAM, the changes in gene expression patterns identified in ERα+ and ERα− cell lines could reflect distinctive properties of these cells. Our results could provide important markers to be validated in BC patient samples, and subsequently used for predicting the outcome in ERα+ and ERα− tumors after TAM or hormonal therapy. Considering that BC is a molecularly heterogeneous disease, it is important to understand how well, and which cell lines, best model that diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Rangel
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Victoria E Villegas
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Milena Rondón-Lagos
- School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, Colombia
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Multiplexed Electrochemical Immunosensors for Clinical Biomarkers. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17050965. [PMID: 28448466 PMCID: PMC5464191 DOI: 10.3390/s17050965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Management and prognosis of disease requires the accurate determination of specific biomarkers indicative of normal or disease-related biological processes or responses to therapy. Moreover since multiple determinations of biomarkers have demonstrated to provide more accurate information than individual determinations to assist the clinician in prognosis and diagnosis, the detection of several clinical biomarkers by using the same analytical device hold enormous potential for early detection and personalized therapy and will simplify the diagnosis providing more information in less time. In this field, electrochemical immunosensors have demonstrated to offer interesting alternatives against conventional strategies due to their simplicity, fast response, low cost, high sensitivity and compatibility with multiplexed determination, microfabrication technology and decentralized determinations, features which made them very attractive for integration in point-of-care (POC) devices. Therefore, in this review, the relevance and current challenges of multiplexed determination of clinical biomarkers are briefly introduced, and an overview of the electrochemical immunosensing platforms developed so far for this purpose is given in order to demonstrate the great potential of these methodologies. After highlighting the main features of the selected examples, the unsolved challenges and future directions in this field are also briefly discussed.
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Ahmed S, Othman NH. The anti-cancer effects of Tualang honey in modulating breast carcinogenesis: an experimental animal study. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:208. [PMID: 28399853 PMCID: PMC5387200 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1721-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Honey has been shown to have anti-cancer effects, but the mechanism behind these effects is not fully understood. We investigated the role of Malaysian jungle Tualang honey (TH) in modulating the hematological parameters, estrogen, estrogen receptors (ER1) and pro and anti-apoptotic proteins expression in induced breast cancer in rats. Methods Fifty nulliparous female Sprague–Dawley rats were used and grouped as follows: Group 0 (healthy normal rats control), Group 1 (negative control; untreated rats), Groups 2, 3 and 4 received daily doses of 0.2, 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg body weight of TH, respectively. The rats in groups 1, 2, 3, 4 were induced with 80 mg/kg of 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea (MNU). TH treatment in groups 2, 3 and 4 was started one week prior to tumor induction and continued for 120 days. Results The TH-treated rats had tumors of different physical attributes compared to untreated negative control rats; the tumor progression (mean 75.3 days versus 51.5 days); the incidence (mean 76.6% versus 100%); the multiplicity (mean 2.5 versus 4 tumor masses per rat); the size of tumor mass (mean 0.41 cm versus 1.47 cm [p < 0.05]) and the weight of the tumor mass (mean 1.22 g versus 3.23 g; [p < 0.05]). Histological examinations revealed that cancers treated with TH were mainly of grades I and II compared with the non-treated control, in which the majority were of grade III (p < 0.05). TH treatment was found to modulate hematological parameters such as Hb, RBCs, PCV, MCV, RDW, MCHC, polymorphs and lymphocytes values. TH treatment groups were found to have a lower anti-apoptotic proteins (E2, ESR1 and Bcl-xL) expression and a higher pro-apoptotic proteins (Apaf-1 and Caspase-9) expression at serum and on cancer tissue level (p < 0.05). Conclusion Tualang Honey alleviates breast carcinogenesis through modulation of hematologic, estrogenic and apoptotic activities in this experimental breast cancer animal model. Tualang Honey may be used as a natural ‘cancer-alleviating’ agent or as a supplement to chemotherapeutic agents.
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Abstract
Nuclear receptors are a family of transcription factors that can be activated by lipophilic ligands. They are fundamental regulators of development, reproduction, and energy metabolism. In bone, nuclear receptors enable bone cells, including osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes, to sense their dynamic microenvironment and maintain normal bone development and remodeling. Our views of the molecular mechanisms in this process have advanced greatly in the past decade. Drugs targeting nuclear receptors are widely used in the clinic for treating patients with bone disorders such as osteoporosis by modulating bone formation and resorption rates. Deficiency in the natural ligands of certain nuclear receptors can cause bone loss; for example, estrogen loss in postmenopausal women leads to osteoporosis and increases bone fracture risk. In contrast, excessive ligands of other nuclear receptors, such as glucocorticoids, can also be detrimental to bone health. Nonetheless, the ligand-induced osteoprotective effects of many other nuclear receptors, e.g., vitamin D receptor, are still in debate and require further characterizations. This review summarizes previous studies on the roles of nuclear receptors in bone homeostasis and incorporates the most recent findings. The advancement of our understanding in this field will help researchers improve the applications of agonists, antagonists, and selective modulators of nuclear receptors for therapeutic purposes; in particular, determining optimal pharmacological drug doses, preventing side effects, and designing new drugs that are more potent and specific.
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Patravale AA, Gore AH, Kolekar GB, Deshmukh MB, Choudhari PB, Bhatia MS, Prabhu S, Jamdhade MD, Patole MS, Anbhule PV. Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies of some novel indenospiro derivatives as anticancer agents. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2016.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Song XY, Li BY, Zhou EX, Wu FX. The clinicopathological significance of RUNX3 hypermethylation and mRNA expression in human breast cancer, a meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:5339-47. [PMID: 27616890 PMCID: PMC5008647 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s77828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant promoter methylation of RUNX3 has been reported in several tumors including human breast cancer (BC). However, the association between RUNX3 hypermethylation and incidence of BC remains elusive. In this study, a detailed literature search was performed in Medline and Google Scholar for related research publications. Analysis of pooled data were executed. Odds ratios with corresponding confidence intervals were determined and summarized, respectively. Finally, 13 studies were identified for the meta-analysis. Analysis of the pooled data showed that RUNX3 hypermethylation was significantly higher in both ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) than in normal breast tissues. In addition, RUNX3 methylation was significantly higher in IDC than in benign tumor. However, RUNX3 methylation was not significantly higher in IDC than in ductal carcinoma in situ. We also determined that RUNX3 hypermethylation was significantly higher in ER positive BC than in ER negative BC. In addition, high RUNX3 mRNA expression was found to be correlated with better overall survival and relapse-free survival for all BC patients. Our results strongly support that RUNX3 hypermethylation may play an important role in BC incidence. RUNX3 methylation is a valuable early biomarker for the diagnosis of BC. Further large-scale studies will provide more insight into the role of RUNX3 hypermethylation in the carcinogenesis and clinical diagnosis of BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yun Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Yan Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Inner Mongolia Forestry General Hospital, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - En-Xiang Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Xia Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Activational action of testosterone on androgen receptors protects males preventing temporomandibular joint pain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2016; 152:30-35. [PMID: 27461546 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testosterone protects male rats from Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) pain. This study investigated whether this protective effect is mediated by an organizational action of testosterone during nervous system development, by central estrogen and androgen receptors and by the 5α-reduced metabolite of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone. METHODS A pharmacological approach was used to assess the ability of the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide, the estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182 780 and the 5-α reductase inhibitor dutasteride to block the protective effect of testosterone, evaluated through the behavioral response induced by a TMJ injection of 0.5% formalin. Flutamide and ICI 182 780 were injected into the medullary subarachnoid space, and dutasteride and testosterone were systemically administered. RESULTS The TMJ injection of 0.5% formalin induced a significant nociceptive behavioral response in gonadectomized male and naïve female, but not in sham gonadectomized male rats, confirming that endogenous testosterone prevents TMJ nociception in males. Testosterone administration prevented formalin-induced TMJ nociception in males gonadectomized either in the neonatal (at the day of birth) or adult period and in naïve female rats, suggesting that the protective effect of testosterone on TMJ nociception does not depend on its organizational actions during critical periods of development. The administration of flutamide and dutasteride but not of ICI 182 780 blocked the protective effect of testosterone. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the protective effect of testosterone on TMJ nociception depends on activational actions of dihydrotestosterone on androgen receptors rather than on organizational androgenic actions during central nervous system development or estrogenic actions.
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Lan ZJ, Hu Y, Zhang S, Li X, Zhou H, Ding J, Klinge CM, Radde BN, Cooney AJ, Zhang J, Lei Z. GGNBP2 acts as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting estrogen receptor α activity in breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2016; 158:263-76. [PMID: 27357812 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-3880-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Gametogenetin-binding protein 2 (GGNBP2) is encoded in human chromosome 17q12-q23, a region known as a breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility locus. GGNBP2, also referred to ZFP403, has a single C2H2 zinc finger and a consensus LxxLL nuclear receptor-binding motif. Here, we demonstrate that GGNBP2 expression is reduced in primary human breast tumors and in breast cancer cell lines, including T47D, MCF-7, LCC9, LY2, and MDA-MB-231 compared with normal, immortalized estrogen receptor α (ERα) negative MCF-10A and MCF10F breast epithelial cells. Overexpression of GGNBP2 inhibits the proliferation of T47D and MCF-7 ERα positive breast cancer cells without affecting MCF-10A and MCF10F. Stable GGNBP2 overexpression in T47D cells inhibits 17β-estradiol (E2)-stimulated proliferation as well as migration, invasion, anchorage-independent growth in vitro, and xenograft tumor growth in mice. We further demonstrate that GGNBP2 protein physically interacts with ERα, inhibits E2-induced activation of estrogen response element-driven reporter activity, and attenuates ER target gene expression in T47D cells. In summary, our in vitro and in vivo findings suggest that GGNBP2 is a novel breast cancer tumor suppressor functioning as a nuclear receptor corepressor to inhibit ERα activity and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jian Lan
- Division of Life Sciences, Center for Nutrigenomics & Applied Animal Nutrition, Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY, 40356, USA
| | - YunHui Hu
- The 3rd Department of Breast Cancer, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, 500 South Preston Street, Hu-Xi District, 300060, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- The 3rd Department of Breast Cancer, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, 500 South Preston Street, Hu-Xi District, 300060, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Li
- Department of OB/GYN & Women's Health, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, 500 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Huaxin Zhou
- Birth Defects Center, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Craniofacial Biology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Jixiang Ding
- Birth Defects Center, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Craniofacial Biology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Carolyn M Klinge
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Brandie N Radde
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Austin J Cooney
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- The 3rd Department of Breast Cancer, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, 500 South Preston Street, Hu-Xi District, 300060, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenmin Lei
- Department of OB/GYN & Women's Health, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, 500 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
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Lauricella M, Carlisi D, Giuliano M, Calvaruso G, Cernigliaro C, Vento R, D'Anneo A. The analysis of estrogen receptor-α positive breast cancer stem-like cells unveils a high expression of the serpin proteinase inhibitor PI-9: Possible regulatory mechanisms. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:352-60. [PMID: 27121069 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells seem to play important roles in breast tumor recurrence and endocrine therapy resistance, although the underlying mechanisms have not been well established. Moreover, in some tumor systems the immunosurveillance failure against cancer cells has been related to the presence of the granzyme B inhibitor PI-9. This study explored the status of PI-9 in tumorspheres isolated from estrogen receptor-α positive (ERα+) breast cancer MCF7 cells. Studies were performed in tertiary tumorspheres which possess high levels of stemness markers (Nanog, Oct3/4 and Sox2) and self-renewal ability. The exposure to estrogens (17-β estradiol and genistein) increased the number and sizes of tumorspheres, promoting cell proliferation as demonstrated by the increase in the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The study of the three isoforms (66, 46 and 36 kDa) of ERα disclosed that tertiary tumorspheres exhibit a marked increase in ERα36, while the level of ERα66, which is highly expressed in MCF7 cells, declines. Although it is known that PI-9 is a transcriptional target of ERα66, surprisingly in tertiary tumorspheres, despite the reduced level of ERα66, the protein and mRNA content of PI-9 is higher than in MCF7 cells. Treatment with estrogens further increased PI-9 level while decreased that of ERα66 isoform thus excluding the involvement of this receptor isoform in the event. Moreover, our studies also provided evidence that tertiary tumorspheres express elevated levels of CXCR4 and phospho-p38, suggesting that the high PI-9 content might be ascribed to the activation of the proliferative CXCR4/phospho-p38 axis. Taken together, these events could supply a selective advantage to breast cancer stem cells by interfering with immunosurveillance systems and open up the avenue to new possible targets for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Lauricella
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniela Carlisi
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Michela Giuliano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Calvaruso
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Cesare Cernigliaro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Renza Vento
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella D'Anneo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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