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Li J, Wu Q, Ling X, Ma X, Gan X, Wei W, Du J, Zhou L, Jia X, Kan J, Zhao M. Unripe apple polyphenols extract improves intestinal inflammation and restructures gut microbiota in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Food Res Int 2025; 212:116418. [PMID: 40382036 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2025.116418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2025] [Accepted: 04/15/2025] [Indexed: 05/20/2025]
Abstract
Natural polyphenolic extracts have been recognized to reduce the risk of hypertension. Coupled with evidence that gut dysbiosis is tightly linked to the development of hypertension, we hypothesized that modulating gut microbiota may be associated with the benefits of unripe apple polyphenols extract (UAPE). This study aimed to explore the effects of UAPE on hypertension and its complications, while elucidating the underlying mechanisms in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). SHR received either vehicle (ddH2O), captopril (30 mg/kg body weight/day), or low-dose (10 mg/kg body weight/day), middle-dose (50 mg/kg body weight/day), or high-dose (250 mg/kg body weight/day) UAPE by oral gavage daily for 8 weeks. Concurrently, Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats received vehicle to serve as normotensive controls. We observed that UAPE offered protective effects against hypertension-induced blood pressure elevation (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure), glycolipid metabolic disorders (serum lipids, glucose), and renal damage (serum creatinine, renal histopathology) in SHR. Additionally, UAPE exerted gut health benefits via enhancing intestinal barrier integrity (colonic and ileal histopathology, colonic tight junction protein 1 and Occludin mRNA and protein) and mitigating intestinal inflammation (colonic TNFα and IL-6 mRNA) in SHR. Moreover, UAPE effectively alleviated the development of left ventricular hypertrophy (cardiac histopathology, echocardiography) and endothelial dysfunction (serum endothelial nitric oxide synthase, endothelin-1), both critical markers of hypertensive progression. Mechanistically, the anti-inflammatory effects of UAPE may be linked to the colonic inhibition of the HMGB1-TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway (mRNA and protein for colonic HMGB1, TLR4, and P-P65) in SHR. Notably, UAPE elevated microbial richness and diversity, normalizing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Besides, UAPE increased the beneficial bacteria linked to healthy states, including Intestinimonas_butyriciproducens, Lactobacillus_intestinalis, Ruminiclostridium, Oscillibacter_sp., and Bifidobacterium, reduced the harmful bacteria related to hypertension, upregulated health-promoting microbial function, and elevated the concentrations of gut microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids, including acetic acid and butyric acid, in SHR. Collectively, these observations support the antihypertensive effects of UAPE in the SHR model, highlighting the intimate link between UAPE, gut microbiota, and hypertension. Our findings provide novel insights into the UAPE-mediated improvements in hypertension and its complications, which may be intricately linked to the modulation of the microbiota-gut axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Qiming Wu
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xiaomeng Ling
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Xiaomin Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; Center for Experimental Public Health and Preventive Medicine Education, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Xiaona Gan
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wei Wei
- Zhong Shi Du Qing (Shandong) Biotechnology Company, Heze 274108, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China..
| | - Jun Du
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Leyan Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Xue Jia
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Juntao Kan
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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Yan H, Hua Y, Ni J, Wu X, Xu J, Zhang Z, Dong J, Xiong Z, Yang L, Yuan H. Acupuncture ameliorates inflammation by regulating gut microbiota in acute ischemic stroke. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2025; 18:443-452. [PMID: 40144797 PMCID: PMC11938260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2025] [Indexed: 03/28/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Acute ischemic stroke(AIS) is a major life-threatening disease.Some studies have found that AIS may be related to gut flora and immune responses. Acupuncture is used widely in the treatment of AIS. However its relevant mechanism is unclear enough. Therefore, in this study, we wanted to confirm that acupuncture was treating AIS through gut flora and immune response. Methods We randomly divided 18 rats into equal three groups, including Sham, Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO) and Acupuncture.Rats in the Acupuncture group for a continuous period of three days after surgery. Neurological deficits were assessed using Longa's method, and detection of intestinal flora by 16s rRNA gene sequencing, determination of SCFAs by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, detection of HDAC and inflammatory cytokines by elisa assay, detection of Th17 and Treg cells by flow cytometry and, observation of pathological and morphological changes in brain and colon tissues by HE staining. Results Acupuncture improved the degree of impaired neurological function in MCAO rats and regulated the type and abundance of intestinal bacteria, increased SCFAs of MCAO rats, decreased HDAC1 and HDAC2, modulated the Th17/Treg imbalance, reduced the level of inflammatory factors in the peripheral blood and altered the pathology of the intestine and brain. Conclusion Acupuncture repaired neurologic deficits after AIS and may be associated with an immune-inflammatory response mediated by gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyue Yan
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Yini Hua
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Jinxia Ni
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Xiaona Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Fengtai Hospital, China
| | - Jingni Xu
- Dongcheng District Dongzhimen Community Healthcare Center, China
| | - Ziniu Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Juwei Dong
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Zhihao Xiong
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Hongwei Yuan
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
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Wang L, Ma B, Zhang J. Effect of subclinical esketamine on NLRP3 and cognitive dysfunction in elderly ischemic stroke patients. Open Med (Wars) 2025; 20:20251193. [PMID: 40417311 PMCID: PMC12103106 DOI: 10.1515/med-2025-1193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2025] [Accepted: 04/10/2025] [Indexed: 05/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Objective This study investigates the effects of subclinical doses of esketamine on serum NLRP3 levels and early cognitive dysfunction in elderly ischemic stroke patients after neurointerventional procedures under general anesthesia. Methods A prospective cohort study included 120 elderly ischemic stroke patients undergoing general anesthesia from January 2022 to September 2023. The esketamine group received 0.25 mg/kg of esketamine. Serum levels of NLRP3, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and IL-17 were measured before surgery and 24 h postoperatively. Cognitive dysfunction was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Results At 24 h postoperatively, the esketamine group had significantly higher MMSE scores (p < 0.05) and lower serum levels of NLRP3, IL-17, and IL-6. Pearson's correlation showed a link between NLRP3 levels and cognitive outcomes. Logistic regression identified heart rate, mean arterial pressure, preoperative NLRP3, IL-6, IL-17, and esketamine treatment as risk factors for cognitive dysfunction. Conclusion Subclinical doses of esketamine might reduce postoperative cognitive dysfunction risk and offer neuroprotection, presenting potential therapeutic options for elderly ischemic stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology Operation Room, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361004, P. R. China
| | - Baoxin Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology Operation Room, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361004, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology Operation Room, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 201-209 Hubin South Road, Siming District, Fujian, 361004, P. R. China
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Li J, Chen S, Yang S, Zhang W, Huang X, Zhou L, Liu Y, Li M, Guo Y, Yin J, Xu K. Hypercoagulable state and gut microbiota dysbiosis as predictors of poor functional outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients. mSystems 2025; 10:e0149224. [PMID: 40202300 PMCID: PMC12090755 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01492-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2025] [Indexed: 04/10/2025] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients often exhibit hypercoagulable state and gut microbiota dysbiosis. However, the association between coagulation abnormalities and gut microbiota dysbiosis in AIS patients and their predictive value for poor functional outcomes in AIS has not been investigated. Our study enrolled 95 AIS patients and 81 healthy controls, using 16S rRNA sequencing to analyze gut microbiota composition. Baseline fibrinogen level was found to be an independent risk factor for poor functional outcomes at 90-day follow-up (odds ratio = 2.16, 95% confidence interval: 1.02-4.59, P = 0.044). AIS patients showed significant gut microbiota dysbiosis, with significantly increased Parabacteroides and Alistipes, and decreased Prevotella and Roseburia, associated with coagulation indices. Furthermore, compared with AIS patients with normal coagulation function, those in a hypercoagulable state exhibited a significant increase in Alistipes and a decrease in Prevotella. We identified gut microbial biomarkers consisting of 15 bacteria that predicted poor functional outcome in AIS patients at 90-day follow-up. Coagulation indices improved the predictive performance of these biomarkers. In training and validation cohorts, area under the curve (AUC) values were 0.930 and 0.890 for microbial biomarkers alone, 0.691 and 0.751 for coagulation indices alone, and 0.943 and 0.944 for coagulation indices combined with gut microbial biomarkers. Our study showed that AIS patients with hypercoagulable state had gut microbiota dysbiosis, with Alistipes and Prevotella significantly associated with coagulation indices. A classification model based on coagulation indices and gut microbial biomarkers accurately predicted poor functional outcome in AIS patients at 90-day follow-up. IMPORTANCE Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients often exhibit hypercoagulable state and gut microbiota dysbiosis. However, the relationship between hypercoagulable state and gut microbiota dysbiosis in AIS patients and their predictive value for poor functional outcomes has not been fully explored. Our study of 95 AIS patients showed that baseline fibrinogen level was an independent risk factor for poor functional outcome at 90-day follow-up in AIS patients. Hypercoagulable state in AIS patients correlates with gut microbiota dysbiosis. AIS patients with hypercoagulable state had increased Alistipes abundance and decreased Prevotella abundance. A classification model based on coagulation indices and gut microbial biomarkers accurately predicted poor functional outcome in AIS patients at 90-day follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengnan Chen
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Siqi Yang
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqi Huang
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lang Zhou
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanchao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengxi Li
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yonghui Guo
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia Yin
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kaiyu Xu
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Ma X, Liu Q, Yang G. The multifaceted roles of Akkermansia muciniphila in neurological disorders. Trends Neurosci 2025:S0166-2236(25)00079-7. [PMID: 40335410 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2025.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2025] [Accepted: 04/09/2025] [Indexed: 05/09/2025]
Abstract
Gut commensals regulate neurological disorders through dynamic bidirectional communication along the gut-brain axis. Recent evidence has highlighted the well-documented beneficial role of the commensal gut bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila and its components in promoting host health. However, numerous clinical studies have demonstrated a paradoxical role of A. muciniphila in individuals with various neurological conditions. In this opinion article, we review the correlation between the prevalence of this gut commensal and the development of several disorders, including stroke, multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). We focus on the potential mechanisms by which A. muciniphila may contribute to these diseases. An in-depth understanding of these correlations and the underlying pathogenic mechanisms could shed new light on the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and provide a logical rationale for developing new therapies for these neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Guan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Liu J, Ge P, Luo Y, Sun Z, Luo X, Li H, Pei B, Xun L, Zhang X, Jiang Y, Wen H, Liu J, Yang Q, Ma S, Chen H. Decoding TMAO in the Gut-Organ Axis: From Biomarkers and Cell Death Mechanisms to Therapeutic Horizons. Drug Des Devel Ther 2025; 19:3363-3393. [PMID: 40322030 PMCID: PMC12049683 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s512207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2025] [Indexed: 05/08/2025] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota and its metabolites are bi-directionally associated with various human illnesses, which has received extensive attention. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a gut microbiota metabolite produced in the liver, which may serve the role of an "axis" connecting the gut and host organs. TMAO levels are significantly higher in the blood of individuals with cardiovascular, renal, neurological, and metabolic diseases. Endothelial cells are crucial for regulating microcirculation and maintaining tissue and organ barriers and are widely recognized as target cells for TMAO. TMAO not only induces endothelial dysfunction but also acts on various cell types, such as endothelial cells, epithelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, nerve cells, and pancreatic cells, triggering multiple cell death mechanisms, including necrosis and programmed cell death, thereby influencing host health. This paper thoroughly covers the origins, production, and metabolic pathways of TMAO, emphasizing its importance in the early detection and prognosis of human diseases in the "Gut-Organ" axis, as well as its mechanisms of influence on human diseases, particularly the cross-talk with cell death. Furthermore, we cover recent advances in treating human diseases by regulating gut microbiota structure and enzyme activity to influence TMAO metabolism and reduce TMAO levels, including the use of probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, antiplatelet drugs, hypoglycemic drugs, lipid-lowering drugs, and natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Ge
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yalan Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenxuan Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Luo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huijuan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Boliang Pei
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Xun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuetao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunfei Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyun Wen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shurong Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hailong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
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Wu L, Jiang Y, Xu W, Wang L, Li L, Zhang C, Huang K, Yang Y, Dai J, Zhou F. Potential Inflammatory Biomarkers and Differential Gut Microbiota in Cognitive Impairment After Ischemic Stroke. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2025; 21:965-972. [PMID: 40322725 PMCID: PMC12047652 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s507156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2025] [Indexed: 05/08/2025] Open
Abstract
Objective Ischemic stroke, one of the main public health problems worldwide, causes a variety of physiological dysfunction, including cognitive impairment. Although studies have been focused on posted-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI), its pathological mechanism remains unclear. Methods Here, we enrolled 66 participants stratified into three groups: healthy controls (HC, n=15), post-stroke patients without cognitive impairment (PSWCI, n=15), and PSCI patients (n=36). We analyzed clinical parameters and changes of several cytokines and gut microbiota profiles. Results We found that compared with healthy control (HC) group, levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, total cholesterol (TC), homocysteine (Hcy), CRP and IL-6 were significantly increased in PSWCI and PSCI patients. Of them, levels of Hcy and IL-6 in PSCI group were significantly higher than that in PSWCI. ROC curve analysis identified Hcy and IL-6 as potential diagnostic biomarkers for PSCI. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing of gut microbiota shows that the abundance of blaut, bifidobacterium and macromonas increased, while the abundance of bacteroides and bifidobacterium brevis decreased significantly. Conclusion These findings suggest that elevated Hcy and IL-6 levels may serve as risk factors for PSCI, with gut microbiota dysregulation potentially contributing to its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishuo Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Psychological and Sleep Rehabilitation,Jiangbin Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yajie Jiang
- Engineering Research Center of Innovative Traditional Chinese, Zhuang and Yao Materia Medica, Ministry of Education, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Psychological and Sleep Rehabilitation,Jiangbin Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liwen Wang
- Department of Psychological and Sleep Rehabilitation,Jiangbin Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liping Li
- Department of Psychological and Sleep Rehabilitation,Jiangbin Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunli Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Keyu Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Psychological and Sleep Rehabilitation,Jiangbin Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Dai
- Department of Psychological and Sleep Rehabilitation,Jiangbin Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengkun Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
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Pilon CRS, Guadagnini D, Assalin HB, Magro DO, Oliveira ES, Alborghetti MR, Sforça ML, Rocco SA, Sartoratto A, Santos A, Saad MJA. Association of gut microbiota and immunometabolic profiles with ischemic stroke severity. Sci Rep 2025; 15:14046. [PMID: 40269143 PMCID: PMC12019335 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-97432-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2025] [Indexed: 04/25/2025] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the influence of three regulators of human homeostasis-intestinal microbiota, immune profile, and circulating metabolites-on stroke severity. We conducted a study involving 33 patients with mild/moderate stroke (MS) and 32 with severe stroke (SS), all assessed during the acute phase (first 24 h). The analysis focused on microbiota composition (45 patients), serum metabolomics and inflammatory markers (20 patients). The patients with SS exhibited more pronounced insulin resistance associated with increased levels of branched-chain amino acids and their metabolites. SS patients showed an increase in inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, and surprisingly an increase in IL-10 and butyrate which are anti-inflammatory. SS patients also displayed a distinct microbiota profile, with statistically significant differences in β-diversity compared to the MS group, notably a higher prevalence of Pseudomonadota (formerly Proteobacteria). In summary, our data indicate that patients with SS, compared to those with MS, are characterized by a more inflammatory and insulin-resistant state, associated with three key regulators: microbiota, metabolites, and interleukins. These findings provide new insights into the regulatory components of the gut-brain axis, which could be developed into cost-effective and widely accessible therapies for SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Roberto Scolari Pilon
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-887, Brazil
- Cidade Universitária, Rua Vital Brasil, 80, Campinas, SP, 13.083-888, Brasil
| | - Dioze Guadagnini
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Heloisa B Assalin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-887, Brazil
- Cidade Universitária, Rua Vital Brasil, 80, Campinas, SP, 13.083-888, Brasil
| | - Daniela O Magro
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Emília Sousa Oliveira
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Marcos R Alborghetti
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory and Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Maurício L Sforça
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory and Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Silvana A Rocco
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory and Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Adilson Sartoratto
- Multidisciplinary Center for Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Research, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Andrey Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Mario J A Saad
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-887, Brazil.
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9
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Fang Z, Chang S, Niu P, Wang C, Zhang J. Multidimensional-based exploration of gut microbial and metabolite differences in patients with recurrent stroke. Neuroscience 2025; 572:35-48. [PMID: 39914520 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 01/17/2025] [Accepted: 02/02/2025] [Indexed: 03/11/2025]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the differences in gut microbes and their metabolites between patients with original and recurrent stroke, providing insights and justification for the diagnosis and prevention of ischemic stroke progression from the perspective of the gut microbiota-metabolite-brain axis. In this study, fecal samples were collected from patients with Original stroke (Os) and patients with Recurrent stroke (Rs) to assess differences in gut microbiota and to screen for different metabolites that reveal the physiological changes related to the recurrent of ischemic stroke. The results found that there was no significant change in Alpha diversity between the two groups. Beta diversity analysis revealed slight changes in community composition between two groups (Bray-Curtis), although their overall microbial abundance may not have changed (UniFrac). Compared with Os patients, Prevotella, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-010, Holdemanella, and Coprococcus were significantly depleted in the Rs group. Correlation analysis showed that the risk of stroke recurrence was negatively correlated with Lachnospiraceae_UCG-010. In Rs group, metabolites such as carbohydrates and terpene lactones were up-regulated, while those of sesquiterpenoids, triterpenoids, and fatty acids and their couplings were down-regulated. These metabolites are significantly enriched in the pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism, betaine biosynthesis, and linoleic acid metabolism. Compared with the Os, Rs was mainly characterized by minor destruction of anaerobic bacteria and significant depletion of SCFAs-producing bacteria. In addition, the related compounds involved in arachidonic acid metabolism and linoleic acid metabolism pathway may be associated with the progression of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongwei Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sijie Chang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Peiguang Niu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chunhua Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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10
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Shen Y, Wang J, Li Y, Kang X, Gu L. Intestinal injury and changes of the gut microbiota after ischemic stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2025; 19:1557746. [PMID: 40313590 PMCID: PMC12043883 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2025.1557746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2025] [Accepted: 04/04/2025] [Indexed: 05/03/2025] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability worldwide, with ischemic stroke (IS) accounting for the vast majority of cases. This paper reviews the latest research on intestinal damage, changes in the gut microbiota, and related therapeutic strategies after IS. Following IS, the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier is compromised, leading to increased intestinal permeability. The gut microbiota can translocate to other organs, triggering systemic immune responses that inhibit recovery after IS. Moreover, the composition and proportion of the gut microbiota change after IS. The number of beneficial bacteria decreases, whereas the number of harmful bacteria increases. The production of beneficial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), is reduced, and the levels of harmful metabolites, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), increase. Antibiotics after IS not only help prevent infection but also have neuroprotective effects. Although poststroke reperfusion therapy can effectively restore cerebral blood flow, it may also cause intestinal mucosal damage and gastrointestinal dysfunction. Nutritional support after IS can alter the gut microbiota structure and promote neurological recovery. Therefore, individualized treatment for IS patients is crucial. In summary, IS affects not only the brain but the entire body system, especially the gut. Intestinal damage and dysbiosis are critical in IS occurrence, development, and prognosis. By protecting the intestinal mucosa and modulating the structure of the gut microbiota, intestinal damage and related infections can be reduced, improving patient prognosis. Future research is needed to explore therapeutic methods targeting the gut microbiota, providing more comprehensive and effective treatment strategies for IS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yina Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianhui Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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11
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Chen L, Wang X, Wang S, Liu W, Song Z, Liao H. The impact of gut microbiota on the occurrence, treatment, and prognosis of ischemic stroke. Neurobiol Dis 2025; 207:106836. [PMID: 39952411 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2025.106836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2025] [Accepted: 02/08/2025] [Indexed: 02/17/2025] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a cerebrovascular disease that predominantly affects middle-aged and elderly populations, exhibiting high mortality and disability rates. At present, the incidence of IS is increasing annually, with a notable trend towards younger affected individuals. Recent discoveries concerning the "gut-brain axis" have established a connection between the gut and the brain. Numerous studies have revealed that intestinal microbes play a crucial role in the onset, progression, and outcomes of IS. They are involved in the entire pathophysiological process of IS through mechanisms such as chronic inflammation, neural regulation, and metabolic processes. Although numerous studies have explored the relationship between IS and intestinal microbiota, comprehensive analyses of specific microbiota is relatively scarce. Therefore, this paper provides an overview of the typical changes in gut microbiota following IS and investigates the role of specific microorganisms in this context. Additionally, it presents a comprehensive analysis of post-stroke microbiological therapy and the relationship between IS and diet. The aim is to identify potential microbial targets for therapeutic intervention, as well as to highlight the benefits of microbiological therapies and the significance of dietary management. Overall, this paper seeks to provide key strategies for the treatment and management of IS, advocating for healthy diets and health programs for individuals. Meanwhile, it may offer a new perspective on the future interdisciplinary development of neurology, microbiology and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Chen
- Geriatric Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Geriatric Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- Geriatric Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Weili Liu
- Geriatric Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | | | - Huiling Liao
- Neurology Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
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12
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Yan Z, Guan G, Jia H, Li H, Zhuoga S, Zheng S. The association between gut microbiota and accelerated aging and frailty: a Mendelian randomization study. Aging Clin Exp Res 2025; 37:82. [PMID: 40074999 PMCID: PMC11903541 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-025-02971-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2025] [Indexed: 03/14/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recent observational studies have unveiled the correlation between the composition and dynamic alterations of the gut microbiome and aging; however, the causal relationship remains uncertain. AIMS The objective of this study is to investigate the causal relationship between the gut microbiome and accelerated aging as well as frailty, from a genetic perspective. METHODS We obtained data on the gut microbiome, intrinsic epigenetic age acceleration, and Frailty Index from published large-scale genome-wide association studies. A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted primarily using inverse variance weighting model. We utilized the MR-Egger intercept analysis, IVW method, the Cochran Q test, and the leave-one-out analysis to assess the robustness of the results. RESULTS IVW analysis indicated a potential association between Peptococcus (OR: 1.231, 95% CI 1.013-1.497, P = 0.037), Dialister (OR: 1.447, 95% CI 1.078-1.941, P = 0.014) and Subdoligranulum (OR: 1.538, 95% CI 1.047-2.257, P = 0.028) with intrinsic epigenetic age acceleration; while Prevotella 7 (OR: 0.792, 95% CI 0.672-0.935, P = 0.006) was associated with a potential protective effect. Allisonella (OR: 1.033, 95% CI 1.005-1.063, P = 0.022), Howardella (OR: 1.026, 95% CI 1.002-1.050, P = 0.031) and Eubacterium coprostanoligenes (OR: 1.037, 95% CI 1.001-1.073, P = 0.042) were associated with an increased risk of frailty; conversely, Flavonifractor (OR: 0.954, 95% CI 0.920-0.990, P = 0.012) and Victivallis (OR: 0.984, 95% CI 0.968-1.000, P = 0.049) appeared to exhibit a potential protective effect against frailty. CONCLUSION The findings of this study provide further evidence for the genetic correlation between gut microbiota and accelerated aging as well as frailty, enhancing the understanding of the role of gut microbiota in aging-related processes. However, the underlying mechanisms and potential clinical applications require further investigation before any targeted interventions can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoyu Guan
- Department of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanqi Jia
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hanyu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sangdan Zhuoga
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Songbai Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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13
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Zhang Z, Wang J, Dang S, Liu X, Zhang Y, Zhang H. The worldview of Akkermansia muciniphila, a bibliometric analysis. Front Microbiol 2025; 16:1500893. [PMID: 40104597 PMCID: PMC11913835 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1500893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2025] [Indexed: 03/20/2025] Open
Abstract
Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila), a critical bacterium within the gut microbiota, plays a key role in human health and immunomodulation. Since its identification in 2004, A. muciniphila has emerged as a significant agent in treating metabolic diseases, gastroenterological diseases, and tumor immunotherapy. Its rapid ascent in scientific translation underscores its importance in gut microbiome research. However, there has been a lack of visualization and analysis of the rapidly occurring commercialization in this field, which has critically hindered insights into the current knowledge structure and understanding of the cutting-edge of the discipline. This study employs the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) and Innography platforms to provide the first comprehensive analysis of A. muciniphila's academic progresses and commercialization over the past two decades, highlighting its growing prominence in global health research. Our analysis delineates that, following the academic trajectory, the evolution of A. muciniphila patents from foundational research through to application development and maturity, with particular emphasis on its expansive potential in emerging fields, including gastroenterological disorders, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cancer immunotherapy, stress management, and neurodegenerative disease treatment. Concluding, A. muciniphila presents as a next-generation probiotic with vast implications for human health. Our findings provide essential insights for future research and product development, contributing to the advancement of this burgeoning field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoqing Dang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingzi Liu
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuemiao Zhang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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14
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Jiang J, Xie H, Cao S, Xu X, Zhou J, Liu Q, Ding C, Liu M. Post-stroke depression: exploring gut microbiota-mediated barrier dysfunction through immune regulation. Front Immunol 2025; 16:1547365. [PMID: 40098959 PMCID: PMC11911333 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1547365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2025] [Indexed: 03/19/2025] Open
Abstract
Post-stroke depression (PSD) is one of the most common and devastating neuropsychiatric complications in stroke patients, affecting more than one-third of survivors of ischemic stroke (IS). Despite its high incidence, PSD is often overlooked or undertreated in clinical practice, and effective preventive measures and therapeutic interventions remain limited. Although the exact mechanisms of PSD are not fully understood, emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota plays a key role in regulating gut-brain communication. This has sparked great interest in the relationship between the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) and PSD, especially in the context of cerebral ischemia. In addition to the gut microbiota, another important factor is the gut barrier, which acts as a frontline sensor distinguishing between beneficial and harmful microbes, regulating inflammatory responses and immunomodulation. Based on this, this paper proposes a new approach, the microbiota-immune-barrier axis, which is not only closely related to the pathophysiology of IS but may also play a critical role in the occurrence and progression of PSD. This review aims to systematically analyze how the gut microbiota affects the integrity and function of the barrier after IS through inflammatory responses and immunomodulation, leading to the production or exacerbation of depressive symptoms in the context of cerebral ischemia. In addition, we will explore existing technologies that can assess the MGBA and potential therapeutic strategies for PSD, with the hope of providing new insights for future research and clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Jiang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Haihua Xie
- School of Acupuncture & Tuina and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Sihui Cao
- School of Acupuncture & Tuina and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xuan Xu
- School of Acupuncture & Tuina and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jingying Zhou
- School of Acupuncture & Tuina and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Qianyan Liu
- School of Acupuncture & Tuina and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Changsong Ding
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Mi Liu
- School of Acupuncture & Tuina and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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15
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Wang Y, Long Z, Hong Y, Zhou X, Yang G, Tang C, Qu G, Li Y. Assessing the causal relationship between gut microbiota and prostate cancer: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Urol Oncol 2025; 43:190.e1-190.e10. [PMID: 39448300 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2024.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 10/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies indicate that the gut microbiome is closely associated with prostate cancer (PCa), however, owing to various confounding factors, the causal relationship between gut microbiota and PCa remains unclear. METHODS A 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis utilized genome-wide association study (GWAS) data on the gut microbiota of 18,340 participants and GWAS summary statistics on PCa involving 46,3010 participants. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) served as the primary method, complemented by the MR-Egger method, weighted median method (WME), simple mode method (SM), and weighted mode method (WM). Finally, to confirm the robustness of the results, heterogeneity test, pleiotropy test, and leave-one-out sensitivity test were conducted. RESULTS IVW analysis revealed that 12 specific gut microbial taxa were potentially causally associated with PCa; the genera Victivallis, Akkermansia, Odoribacter, Butyrivibrio, and the families Enterobacteriaceae, Verrucomicrobiaceae, as well as the orders Verrucomicrobiales, Enterobacteriales and the class Verrucomicrobiae, were found to be positively associated with PCa risk. Conversely, the genera Eubacterium ruminantium group, Candidatus Soleaferrea, and RuminococcaceaeUCG003 were negatively associated with PCa risk. CONCLUSIONS Our MR study's results support a genetically predicted causal relationship between the gut microbiota and PCa, and we identified 12 specific gut microbial taxa. These findings could offer new targets for PCa screening and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaohui Long
- Department of Urology, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Yulong Hong
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xing Zhou
- Department of Urology, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Urology, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Cheng Tang
- Department of Urology, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Genyi Qu
- Department of Urology, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China.
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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16
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Sun J, Lu L, Lian Y, Xu S, Zhu Y, Wu Y, Lin Q, Hou J, Li Y, Yu Z. Sodium butyrate attenuates microglia-mediated neuroinflammation by modulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway and microbiome-gut-brain axis in cardiac arrest mice. Mol Brain 2025; 18:13. [PMID: 39962509 PMCID: PMC11834616 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-025-01179-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2025] [Indexed: 02/20/2025] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrest (CA) is one of the most common illnesses worldwide. Post-CA brain injury (PCABI) is a major cause of death and poor recovery in CA patients and the current CA treatments are not very effective. The microbiome-gut-brain axis has been found to significantly affect brain ischemia injury. Furthermore, in ischemic stroke patients, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), especially sodium butyrate (SB), have been observed to promote neuroprotective effects by modulating inflammatory response and microglial polarization in the cortex. However, the precise mechanism of SB on CA-induced injury remains elusive. Therefore, this research study established an oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) model using BV-2 microglial and HT22 cells to simulate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in vitro and a potassium chloride-induced CA mouse model to mimic CA in vivo. The data revealed that SB markedly improved neurological scores and reduced neuronal death and apoptosis. Moreover, it reduced M1 microglia and neuroinflammation in CA mice. In addition, SB increased intestinal integrity and alleviated systemic inflammation. The 16S rDNA sequencing analysis indicated that SB intervention mitigated CA-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and SCFA depletion. It was also observed that CA mice's brain and OGD/R-exposed BV2 cells had substantially increased levels of MyD88, phosphorylated NF-κB p65, and TLR4 proteins, which were reduced after SB treatment. In summary, this study revealed that SB can protect against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by controlling microglia polarization and microbiome-gut-brain axis to inhibit brain inflammation via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 99 ZhangZhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Liping Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 99 ZhangZhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Yingtao Lian
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Song Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 99 ZhangZhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 99 ZhangZhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yanping Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 99 ZhangZhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Qianhui Lin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 99 ZhangZhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jing Hou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 99 ZhangZhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yinping Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zhui Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 99 ZhangZhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
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17
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Wei F, Zhou J, Pan L, Shen M, Niu D, Zeng Z, Cheng G, Yao J, Zhang G, Sun C. Integrative microbiomics, proteomics and lipidomics studies unraveled the preventive mechanism of Shouhui Tongbian Capsules on cerebral ischemic stroke injury. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2025; 337:118874. [PMID: 39362332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cerebral ischemic stroke (CIS) is one of the most important factors leading to death and disability, which seriously threaten the survival and health of patients. The intentional flora and its derived metabolites are demonstrated to play vital roles in the physiology and onset of CIS. Shouhui Tongbian Capsules (SHTB), a Traditional Chinese Medicine, could regulate gut microbiota and metabolites. Study has found that SHTB has protective effect on CIS, but the mechanism is still unclear. AIM OF STUDY This study was designed to evaluate the preventive effects and the mechanism of SHTB on CIS injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats were pretreated with SHTB for 5 days, then the middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) was established. Neurological deficit score, TTC staining, brain water content, H&E and Nissl staining were preformed to evaluate the preventive effects of SHTB on CIS. The Occludin and ZO-1 were analyzed to evaluate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). 16S rDNA sequencing and LC-ESI-MS/MS-based metabolomics profiling were performed to analyze the gut microbiota composition and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) profile in gut. Serum lipopolysaccharide specific IgA antibody (LPS-SIgA) and diamine oxidase (DAO), as well as colon Claudin 5 and ZO-1 were analyzed to evaluate the intestinal barrier. Proteomics was used to evaluated the proteins profile in brain. Lipidomics were used to evaluate the brain SCFAs as well as medium and long chain fatty acids (MCFAs and LCFAs). Malondialdehyde (MDA), Total Superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), Glutathione (GSH), Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), Catalase (CAT) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assayed to evaluate the oxidative stress in brain. Western blot was performed to evaluate the expression of PPARγ, Nrf2, SLC3A2, SCL7A11, GPX4, ACSL4 and LOX. RESULTS SHTB prevented rats from MCAO/R injury, which was confirmed by lower cerebral infarct rate, brain water content, neurological deficit score and nissl body loss, and improved brain pathology. Meanwhile, SHTB upregulated the expression of ZO-1 and Occludin to maintain the integrity of BBB. 16S rDNA sequencing and LC-ESI-MS/MS-based targeted metabolomics found that SHTB increased the abundance of gut microbiota, regulated the numbers of intestinal bacteria to increase the production of Acetic acid, Propionic acid, and Butyric acid, as well as decrease the production of Valeric acid and Hexanoic acid in the gut. Meanwhile, SHTB improved the intestinal barrier by upregulating the protein levels of Claudin 5 and ZO-1, which was confirmed by low concentrations of LPS-SIgA and DAO in serum. Multi omics and spearman correlation analysis indicated that SHTB regulated the abundance of Escherichia-Shigella and Lactobacillus to increase Acetic acid, Propionic acid, and Butyric acid to induce the expression of PPARγ, thereby regulating fatty acid metabolism and degradation, improving lipid metabolism disorders, downregulating lipid oxidative stress, inhibiting ferroptosis, and alleviating brain injury. CONCLUSION This study confirmed that SHTB improved the disturbance of fatty acid metabolism in brain tissue by regulating gut microbiota and the production of fecal SCFAs to inhibit ferroptosis caused by lipid oxidative stress and prevent CIS injury, which provided a potential candidate drug for the prevention of CIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjiao Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China.
| | - Jidong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, 276005, China; Linyi Key Laboratory for Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology of Natural Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, 273400, China.
| | - Lihong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, 276005, China; Linyi Key Laboratory for Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology of Natural Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, 273400, China.
| | - Mengmeng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, 276005, China; Linyi Key Laboratory for Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology of Natural Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, 273400, China.
| | - Dejun Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, 276005, China; Linyi Key Laboratory for Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology of Natural Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, 273400, China.
| | - Zhen Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, 276005, China; Linyi Key Laboratory for Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology of Natural Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, 273400, China.
| | - Guoliang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, 276005, China.
| | - Jingchun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, 276005, China; Linyi Key Laboratory for Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology of Natural Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, 273400, China.
| | - Guimin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China; State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, 276005, China.
| | - Chenghong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, 276005, China; College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, 277160, China.
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He X, Yuan X, Shu Q, Gao Y, Chen Y, Liu Y, Xu J, Zhang Y, Cao G. Therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicine Hua-Feng-Dan in a rat model of ischemic stroke involve renormalization of gut microbiota. Front Pharmacol 2025; 16:1485340. [PMID: 39931688 PMCID: PMC11808003 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1485340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2025] [Indexed: 02/13/2025] Open
Abstract
Hua-Feng-Dan is a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat ischemic stroke, but little is known about its therapeutic mechanism. This study explored whether and how the mechanism involves readjustment of gut microbiota. Rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion as a model of ischemic stroke or to sham surgery, then treated or not with Hua-Feng-Dan. The different groups of animals were compared in terms of neurological score, cerebral infarct volume, brain edema, brain and gut histopathology to assess stroke severity. They were also compared in terms of indices of intestinal barrier permeability, inflammation and oxidative stress, brain metabolites as well as composition of the gut microbiota and their metabolites. Hua-Feng-Dan significantly reduced cerebral infarct volume and brain water content and improved neurological score, ischemic brain histopathology, and gut histopathology. It partially reversed stroke-induced intestinal barrier disruption and leakage, inflammation, dyslipidemia and oxidative stress, as well as the stroke-induced increase in pathogenic gut microbiota (e.g., Escherichia-Shigella, Enterococcus, Clostridium_innocuum_group) and decrease in beneficial microbiota (e.g., Lachnospiraceae, unclassified__f__Lachnospiracea and Ruminococcus_torques_group). The treatment altered levels of 39 and 38 metabolites produced during gut microbial and brain tissue metabolism respectively, mainly of amino acids, nucleosides, short-chain fatty acids, and essential fatty acids. Levels of factors related to inflammation and intestinal barrier permeability correlated positively with relative abundance of Escherichia-Shigella and Clostridium_innocuum_group, and negatively with 4-(glutamylamino) butanoate, 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid, dihomo-α-linolenic acid, dihomolinoleic acid, and 10-nitrolinoleic acid. Conversely, levels of 4-(glutamylamino) butanoate, 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid, and 10-nitrolinoleic acid correlated positively with relative abundance of unclassified__f__Lachnospiracea. Our results suggest that Hua-Feng-Dan may mitigate ischemic stroke injury by renormalizing gut microbiota and restoring gut barrier function, gut metabolism, thereby helping to alleviate inflammatory, neurological damage, and brain metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia He
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yuan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Qilin Shu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Yayang Gao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Youli Chen
- Zunyi Liao Yuan He Tang Pharmaceutical, Zunyi, China
| | - Yao Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Miao Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Engineering Technology Research Center for Processing and Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Jian Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Miao Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Engineering Technology Research Center for Processing and Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Yongping Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Miao Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Engineering Technology Research Center for Processing and Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Guoqiong Cao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Miao Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Engineering Technology Research Center for Processing and Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
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19
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Ren Y, Chen G, Hong Y, Wang Q, Lan B, Huang Z. Novel Insight into the Modulatory Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Targeting Gut Microbiota: A Review. Drug Des Devel Ther 2025; 19:185-200. [PMID: 39810832 PMCID: PMC11731027 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s500505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2024] [Accepted: 12/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) is clinically characterized by high rates of morbidity, disability, mortality, and recurrence as well as high economic burden. The clinical manifestations of CIRI are often accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms such as intestinal bacterial dysbiosis and gastrointestinal bleeding. Gut microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of CIRI, and its potential biological effects have received extensive attention. The gut microbiota not only affects intestinal barrier function but also regulates gastrointestinal immunity and host homeostasis. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), a multi-component and multi-targeted drug, has shown remarkable effects and few adverse reactions in the prevention and treatment of CIRI. Notably, the effect of TCM on CIRI by regulating gut microbiota and maintaining gastrointestinal homeostasis has gradually become a hot topic. This review summarizes the functional role of the gut microbiota in the development and progression of CIRI and the therapeutic effects of TCM on CIRI by improving gut microbiota dysbiosis, affecting gut microbiota metabolism, and maintaining host immunity. The active ingredients of TCM used for the treatment of CIRI in relevant studies were saponins, triterpenoids, phenolics, and alkaloids. In addition, the clinical effects of TCM used to treat CIRI were briefly discussed. This review established the clinical significance and development prospects of TCM-based CIRI treatments and provided the necessary theoretical support for the further development of TCM resources for the treatment of CIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisong Ren
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Pidu District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611731, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Pidu District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611731, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Hong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Pidu District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611731, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianying Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Pidu District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611731, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Lan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Pidu District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611731, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaozhao Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Pidu District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611731, People’s Republic of China
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20
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Wang YH, Liao JM, Jan MS, Wang M, Su HH, Tsai WH, Liu PH, Tsuei YS, Huang SS. Prophylactic use of probiotics as an adjunctive treatment for ischemic stroke via the gut-spleen-brain axis. Brain Behav Immun 2025; 123:784-798. [PMID: 39442634 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 10/11/2024] [Accepted: 10/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A growing body of research has focused on the role of spleen in orchestrating brain injury through the peripheral immune system following stroke, highlighting the brain-spleen axis as a potential target for mitigating neuronal damage during stroke. The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain. Several studies have suggested that probiotic supplements hold promise as a strategic approach to maintaining a balanced intestinal microecology, reducing the apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells, protecting the intestinal mucosal and blood-brain barrier (BBB), enhancing both intestinal and systemic immune functions, and thereby potentially affecting the pathogenesis and progression of ischemic stroke. In this study, we aimed to clarify the neuroprotective effects of supplementation with Lactobacillus, specifically Limosilactobacillus reuteri GMNL-89 (G89) and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei GMNL-133 (G133) on ischemic stroke and investigate how G89 and G133 modulate the communication mechanisms between the gut, brain, and spleen following ischemic stroke. We explored the neuroprotection and the underlying mechanisms of Lactobacillus supplementation in C57BL/6 mice subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. Our results revealed that oral treatment with G89 or G133 alone, as well as oral administration combining G89 and G133, significantly decreased the infarct volume and improved the neurological function in mice with ischemic stroke. Moreover, G89 treatment alone preserved the tight junction integrity of gut barrier, while G133 alone and the combined treatment of G89 and G133 would significantly decreased the BBB permeability, and thereby significantly attenuated stroke-induced local and systemic inflammatory responses. Both G89 and G133 regulated cytotoxic T cells, and the balance between T helper 1 cells and T helper 2 cells in the spleen following ischemic stroke. Additionally, the combined administration of G89 and G133 improved the gut dysbiosis and significantly increased the concentration of short-chain fatty acids. In conclusion, our findings suggest that G89 and G133 may be used as nutrient supplements, holding promise as a prospective approach to combat ischemic stroke by modulating the gut-spleen-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsin Wang
- Department of Physiology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiuan-Miaw Liao
- Department of Physiology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shiou Jan
- Department of Health Industry Technology Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Meilin Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Hui Su
- Department of Pharmacology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Hua Tsai
- Research and Development Department, GenMont Biotech Incorporation, Tainan 741014, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsun Liu
- Department & Institute of Physiology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuang-Seng Tsuei
- College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Surgical Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Taichung Verterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shiang-Suo Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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21
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Rroji O, Mucignat C. Factors influencing brain recovery from stroke via possible epigenetic changes. Future Sci OA 2024; 10:2409609. [PMID: 39429231 PMCID: PMC11497982 DOI: 10.1080/20565623.2024.2409609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: To examine epigenetic changes leading to functional repair after damage to the central motor system.Data sources: A literature search was conducted using medical and health science electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus) up to July 2023.Study selection: Data were summarized for type of intervention, study design, findings including human and animal studies.Data extraction: Data were extracted and double-checked independently for methodological quality. By means of the influence of environmental (calorie restriction or physical exercise) and other factors, epigenetic instructions were found to increase levels of BDNF and enhance synaptic neurotransmission, possibly leading to larger scale changes in structural and functional assets, which may end up to cognitive and motor repair after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orjon Rroji
- Department of Radiology & Imaging techniques, European University of Tirana, Albania
| | - Carla Mucignat
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Italy
- National Institute for Biostructures & Biosystems, Rome, Italy
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22
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Cheng S, Zheng H, Wei Y, Lin X, Gu Y, Guo X, Fan Z, Li H, Cheng S, Liu S. Gut Microbiome and Stroke: a Bidirectional Mendelian Randomisation Study in East Asian and European Populations. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2024; 9:623-630. [PMID: 38296585 PMCID: PMC11791640 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2023-002717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/02/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Observational studies have implicated the involvement of gut microbiome in stroke development. Conversely, stroke may disrupt the gut microbiome balance, potentially causing systemic infections exacerbated brain infarction. However, the causal relationship remains controversial or unknown. To investigate bidirectional causality and potential ethnic differences, we conducted a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) study in both East Asian (EAS) and European (EU) populations. METHODS Leveraging the hitherto largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data from the MiBioGen Consortium (n=18 340, EU) and BGI (n=2524, EAS) for the gut microbiome, stroke GWAS data from the GIGASTROKE Consortium(264 655 EAS and 1 308 460 EU), we conducted bidirectional MR and sensitivity analyses separately for the EAS and EU population. RESULTS We identified nominally significant associations between 85 gut microbiomes taxa in EAS and 64 gut microbiomes taxa in EU with stroke or its subtypes. Following multiple testing, we observed that genetically determined 1 SD increase in the relative abundance of species Bacteroides pectinophilus decreased the risk of cardioembolic stroke onset by 28% (OR 0.72 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.84); p=4.22e-5), and that genetically determined 1 SD increase in class Negativicutes resulted in a 0.76% risk increase in small vessel stroke in EAS. No significant causal association was identified in the EU population and the reverse MR analysis. CONCLUSION Our study revealed subtype-specific and population-specific causal associations between gut microbiome and stroke risk among EAS and EU populations. The identified causality holds promise for developing a new stroke prevention strategy, warrants further mechanistic validation and necessitates clinical trial studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyao Cheng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuandan Wei
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingchen Lin
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuqin Gu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinxin Guo
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhe Fan
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Li
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing 100000, China
- Center of excellence for Omics Research (CORe), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Si Cheng
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing 100000, China
- Center of excellence for Omics Research (CORe), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- Clinical Center for Precision Medicine in Stroke, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Siyang Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, China
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23
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Granados-Martinez C, Alfageme-Lopez N, Navarro-Oviedo M, Nieto-Vaquero C, Cuartero MI, Diaz-Benito B, Moro MA, Lizasoain I, Hernandez-Jimenez M, Pradillo JM. Gut Microbiota, Bacterial Translocation, and Stroke: Current Knowledge and Future Directions. Biomedicines 2024; 12:2781. [PMID: 39767686 PMCID: PMC11673227 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12122781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2024] [Revised: 11/28/2024] [Accepted: 12/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the most devastating pathologies in terms of mortality, cause of dementia, major adult disability, and socioeconomic burden worldwide. Despite its severity, treatment options remain limited, with no pharmacological therapies available for hemorrhagic stroke (HS) and only fibrinolytic therapy or mechanical thrombectomy for ischemic stroke (IS). In the pathophysiology of stroke, after the acute phase, many patients develop systemic immunosuppression, which, combined with neurological dysfunction and hospital management, leads to the onset of stroke-associated infections (SAIs). These infections worsen prognosis and increase mortality. Recent evidence, particularly from experimental studies, has highlighted alterations in the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) following stroke, which ultimately disrupts the gut flora and increases intestinal permeability. These changes can result in bacterial translocation (BT) from the gut to sterile organs, further contributing to the development of SAIs. Given the novelty and significance of these processes, especially the role of BT in the development of SAIs, this review summarizes the latest advances in understanding these phenomena and discusses potential therapeutic strategies to mitigate them, ultimately reducing post-stroke complications and improving treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Granados-Martinez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (N.A.-L.); (M.N.-O.); (C.N.-V.); (M.I.C.); (B.D.-B.)
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Nuria Alfageme-Lopez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (N.A.-L.); (M.N.-O.); (C.N.-V.); (M.I.C.); (B.D.-B.)
| | - Manuel Navarro-Oviedo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (N.A.-L.); (M.N.-O.); (C.N.-V.); (M.I.C.); (B.D.-B.)
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Carmen Nieto-Vaquero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (N.A.-L.); (M.N.-O.); (C.N.-V.); (M.I.C.); (B.D.-B.)
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
- Neurovascular Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Risk Factor and Brain Health Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Isabel Cuartero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (N.A.-L.); (M.N.-O.); (C.N.-V.); (M.I.C.); (B.D.-B.)
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
- Neurovascular Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Risk Factor and Brain Health Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Diaz-Benito
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (N.A.-L.); (M.N.-O.); (C.N.-V.); (M.I.C.); (B.D.-B.)
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Maria Angeles Moro
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
- Neurovascular Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Risk Factor and Brain Health Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Lizasoain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (N.A.-L.); (M.N.-O.); (C.N.-V.); (M.I.C.); (B.D.-B.)
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Macarena Hernandez-Jimenez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (N.A.-L.); (M.N.-O.); (C.N.-V.); (M.I.C.); (B.D.-B.)
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
- AptaTargets S.L. Avda. Cardenal Herrera Oria 298, 28035 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Miguel Pradillo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (N.A.-L.); (M.N.-O.); (C.N.-V.); (M.I.C.); (B.D.-B.)
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
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Zeng M, Peng M, Liang J, Sun H. The Role of Gut Microbiota in Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption after Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:9735-9755. [PMID: 37498481 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03512-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence has proved that alterations in the gut microbiota have been linked to neurological disorders including stroke. Structural and functional disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is observed after stroke. In this context, there is pioneering evidence supporting that gut microbiota may be involved in the pathogenesis of stroke by regulating the BBB function. However, only a few experimental studies have been performed on stroke models to observe the BBB by altering the structure of gut microbiota, which warrant further exploration. Therefore, in order to provide a novel mechanism for stroke and highlight new insights into BBB modification as a stroke intervention, this review summarizes existing evidence of the relationship between gut microbiota and BBB integrity and discusses the mechanisms of gut microbiota on BBB dysfunction and its role in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqin Zeng
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510280, Guangzhou, China
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China On Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory On Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Meichang Peng
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510280, Guangzhou, China
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China On Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory On Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Jianhao Liang
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510280, Guangzhou, China
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China On Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory On Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510280, Guangzhou, China.
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China On Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory On Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China.
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Centre for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Zhong Y, Kang X, Bai X, Pu B, Smerin D, Zhao L, Xiong X. The Oral-Gut-Brain Axis: The Influence of Microbes as a Link of Periodontitis With Ischemic Stroke. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e70152. [PMID: 39675010 DOI: 10.1111/cns.70152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2024] [Revised: 11/03/2024] [Accepted: 11/20/2024] [Indexed: 12/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, a non-communicable chronic inflammation disease resulting from dysbiosis of the oral microbiota, has been demonstrated to have a positive association with the risk of ischemic stroke (IS). The major periodontal pathogens contribute to the progression of stroke-related risk factors such as obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. Transcriptional changes in periodontitis pathogens have been detected in oral samples from stroke patients, suggesting a new conceptual framework involving microorganisms. The bidirectional regulation between the gut and the central nervous system (CNS) is mediated by interactions between intestinal microflora and brain cells. The connection between the oral cavity and gut through microbiota indicates that the oral microbial community may play a role in mediating complex communication between the oral cavity and the CNS; however, underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully understood. In this review, we present an overview of key concepts and potential mechanisms of interaction between the oral-gut-brain axis based on previous research, focusing on how the oral microbiome (especially the periodontal pathogens) impacts IS and its risk factors, as well as the mediating role of immune system homeostasis, and providing potential preventive and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianhui Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Bai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bei Pu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Daniel Smerin
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Zhang Y, Wang H, Sang Y, Liu M, Wang Q, Yang H, Li X. Gut microbiota in health and disease: advances and future prospects. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e70012. [PMID: 39568773 PMCID: PMC11577303 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.70012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 10/02/2024] [Accepted: 10/10/2024] [Indexed: 11/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a critical role in maintaining human health, influencing a wide range of physiological processes, including immune regulation, metabolism, and neurological function. Recent studies have shown that imbalances in gut microbiota composition can contribute to the onset and progression of various diseases, such as metabolic disorders (e.g., obesity and diabetes) and neurodegenerative conditions (e.g., Alzheimer's and Parkinson's). These conditions are often accompanied by chronic inflammation and dysregulated immune responses, which are closely linked to specific forms of cell death, including pyroptosis and ferroptosis. Pathogenic bacteria in the gut can trigger these cell death pathways through toxin release, while probiotics have been found to mitigate these effects by modulating immune responses. Despite these insights, the precise mechanisms through which the gut microbiota influences these diseases remain insufficiently understood. This review consolidates recent findings on the impact of gut microbiota in these immune-mediated and inflammation-associated conditions. It also identifies gaps in current research and explores the potential of advanced technologies, such as organ-on-chip models and the microbiome-gut-organ axis, for deepening our understanding. Emerging tools, including single-bacterium omics and spatial metabolomics, are discussed for their promise in elucidating the microbiota's role in disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases Experimental Research Center China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Hong Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Yiwei Sang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases Experimental Research Center China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Mei Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases Experimental Research Center China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Life Sciences Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing China
| | - Hongjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Xianyu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases Experimental Research Center China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing China
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Wang Y, Pan L, Guan R. Mechanism of Insomnia After Stroke Based on Intestinal Flora. Int J Gen Med 2024; 17:5493-5502. [PMID: 39628982 PMCID: PMC11611988 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s488714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 11/17/2024] [Indexed: 12/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke has emerged as the second leading cause of mortality. Insomnia after stroke is a highly prevalent complication of stroke with a complex mechanism, impacting daily activities and hindering neurological function rehabilitation while also increasing the risk of stroke recurrence. With the development of molecular biology, intestinal flora has garnered considerable interest in the past few years because of its significant implications for human physiology and pathology. Numerous studies have emphasized the crucial function of intestinal flora in the pathological changes associated with insomnia after stroke. It can influence sleep patterns following a stroke by modulating various pathways, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, immune responses, and neural mechanisms. Disruption of intestinal flora can adversely affect post-stroke sleep quality, while sleep after stroke can also lead to intestinal flora imbalance. Based on the intestinal flora, this paper explores the involvement of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis), immune pathway and neural pathway in insomnia after stroke, aiming to offer insights for the prevention, treatment, and research of post-stroke insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Wang
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Limin Pan
- Out-Patient Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruiqian Guan
- Massage Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
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Li Z, He X, Fang Q, Yin X. Gut Microbe-Generated Metabolite Trimethylamine-N-Oxide and Ischemic Stroke. Biomolecules 2024; 14:1463. [PMID: 39595639 PMCID: PMC11591650 DOI: 10.3390/biom14111463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2024] [Revised: 11/05/2024] [Accepted: 11/08/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is a gut microbiota-derived metabolite, the production of which in vivo is mainly regulated by dietary choices, gut microbiota, and the hepatic enzyme flavin monooxygenase (FMO), while its elimination occurs via the kidneys. The TMAO level is positively correlated with the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have found that TMAO plays an important role in the development of ischemic stroke. In this review, we describe the relationship between TMAO and ischemic stroke risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, etc.), disease risk, severity, prognostic outcomes, and recurrence and discuss the possible mechanisms by which they interact. Importantly, TMAO induces atherosclerosis and thrombosis through lipid metabolism, foam cell formation, endothelial dysfunction (via inflammation, oxidative stress, and pyroptosis), enhanced platelet hyper-reactivity, and the upregulation and activation of vascular endothelial tissue factors. Although the pathogenic mechanisms underlying TMAO's aggravation of disease severity and its effects on post-stroke neurological recovery and recurrence risk remain unclear, they may involve inflammation, astrocyte function, and pro-inflammatory monocytes. In addition, this paper provides a summary and evaluation of relevant preclinical and clinical studies on interventions regarding the gut-microbiota-dependent TMAO level to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke through the gut microbe-TMAO pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qi Fang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou 215006, China; (Z.L.); (X.H.)
| | - Xulong Yin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou 215006, China; (Z.L.); (X.H.)
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Wang L, Qi X, Wang S, Tian C, Zou T, Liu Z, Chen Q, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Li S, Yang M, Chai N. Banxia-Yiyiren alleviates insomnia and anxiety by regulating the gut microbiota and metabolites of PCPA-induced insomnia model rats. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1405566. [PMID: 39575182 PMCID: PMC11578828 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1405566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 11/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to clearly define the effects of Banxia-Yiyiren on the gut microbiota and its metabolites in a para-chlorophenylalanine-induced insomnia model and the possible underlying mechanisms involved. Materials and methods We employed 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene sequencing combined with metabonomic analysis to explore the mutual effects of the PCPA-induced insomnia model and the gut microbiota and the intrinsic regulatory mechanism of Banxia-Yiyiren on the gut microbiota and metabolites in the PCPA-induced insomnia model. Results Banxia-Yiyiren was identified by mass spectrometry to include amino acids, small peptides, nucleotides, organic acids, flavonoids, fatty acids, lipids, and other main compound components. The elevated plus maze (EPM) test results revealed that high-dose Banxia-Yiyiren may increase willingness to explore by improving anxiety-like symptoms caused by insomnia. Through 16S rRNA gene sequencing, at the phylum level, compared with those in G1, the relative abundances of Bacteroidota and Proteobacteria in G2 increased, whereas the relative abundance of Firmicutes decreased. At the genus level, compared with those in G1, the relative abundances of Prevotella_9, Prevotella, Ralstonia, Escherichia-Shigella, and UCG-005 in G2 increased, whereas the relative abundances of Lactobacillus, Ligilactobacillus, Alloprevotella, Blautia, and Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group decreased. The metabolomics analysis results revealed 1,574 metabolites, 36.48% of which were classified as lipids and lipid-like molecules, 20.76% as organic acids and their derivatives, and 13.36% as organic heterocyclic compounds. The correlation between the top 20 differentially abundant metabolites in the G1-G2 groups was greater than that between the G3-G2 and G6-G2 groups. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed that the main differentially abundant metabolites in each group were significantly enriched in various pathways, such as amino acid metabolism, adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, protein digestion, and absorption. Additionally, there was a significant Pearson correlation between the genus-level differences in the gut microbiota and the differentially abundant metabolites among the G1-G2, G3-G2, and G6-G2 groups. Conclusion This study preliminarily verified that the PCPA-induced insomnia model is closely related to gut microbial metabolism and microecological disorders, and for the first time, we confirmed that Banxia-Yiyiren can act on the gut microbiota of PCPA-induced insomnia model rats and alleviate insomnia and anxiety by regulating the species, structure, abundance, and metabolites of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- The 955th Hospital of the Army, Qamdo, Tibet, China
| | - Xiaorong Qi
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chujiao Tian
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zou
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zihan Liu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yingfan Chen
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yunshan Zhao
- The 955th Hospital of the Army, Qamdo, Tibet, China
| | - Shaodan Li
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Minghui Yang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ningli Chai
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Wang Y, Bing H, Jiang C, Wang J, Wang X, Xia Z, Chu Q. Gut microbiota dysbiosis and neurological function recovery after intracerebral hemorrhage: an analysis of clinical samples. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0117824. [PMID: 39315788 PMCID: PMC11537008 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01178-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the microbial community composition in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and its effect on prognosis. We designed two clinical cohort studies to explore the gut dysbiosis after ICH and their relationship with neurological function prognosis. First, fecal samples from patients with ICH at three time points: T1 (within 24 h of admission), T2 (3 days after surgery), and T3 (7 days after surgery), and healthy volunteers were subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology. When differential gut microbiota was identified, the correlation between clinical indicators and microbiotas was analyzed. Subsequently, the patients with ICH were categorized into GOOD and POOR groups based on their Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOS-E) score, and the disparities in gut microbiota between the two groups were assessed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors. The composition and diversity of the gut microbiota in patients with ICH were different from those in the control group and changed dynamically with the extension of the course of cerebral hemorrhage. The abundances of Enterococcaceae, Clostridiales incertae sedis XI, and Peptoniphilaceae were significantly increased in patients with ICH, whereas Bacteroidaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Veillonellaceae were significantly reduced. The relative abundance of Enterococcus gradually increased with the extension of the duration of ICH after surgery, and the abundance of Bacteroides gradually decreased. The abundance of Enterococcus before surgery was found to be negatively associated with patient neurological function prognosis. The original ICH score and Lachnospiraceae status were independent risk factors for predicting the prognosis of neurological function in patients with ICH (P < 0.05). Changes in the gut microbiota diversity in patients with ICH were related to prognosis. Lachnospiraceae may have a protective effect on prognosis.IMPORTANCEAcute central nervous system injuries like hemorrhagic stroke are major global health issues. While surgical hematoma removal can alleviate brain damage, severe cases still have a high 1-month mortality rate of up to 40%. Gut microbiota significantly impacts health, and treatments like fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and probiotics can improve brain damage by correcting gut microbiota imbalances caused by ischemic stroke. However, few clinical studies have explored this relationship in hemorrhagic stroke. This study investigated the impact of cerebral hemorrhage on the composition of gut microbiota, and we found that Lachnospiraceae were the independent risk factors for poor prognosis in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The findings offer potential insights for the application of FMT in patients with ICH, and it may improve the prognosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Zhengzhou central Hospital Affiliated To Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Hailong Bing
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Zhengzhou central Hospital Affiliated To Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Conghui Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Zhengzhou central Hospital Affiliated To Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Zhengzhou central Hospital Affiliated To Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Zhengzhou central Hospital Affiliated To Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinjun Chu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Zhengzhou central Hospital Affiliated To Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
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Ahmadi S, Hasani A, Khabbaz A, Poortahmasbe V, Hosseini S, Yasdchi M, Mehdizadehfar E, Mousavi Z, Hasani R, Nabizadeh E, Nezhadi J. Dysbiosis and fecal microbiota transplant: Contemplating progress in health, neurodegeneration and longevity. Biogerontology 2024; 25:957-983. [PMID: 39317918 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-024-10136-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
The gut-brain axis plays an important role in mental health. The intestinal epithelial surface is colonized by billions of commensal and transitory bacteria, known as the Gut Microbiota (GM). However, potential pathogens continuously stimulate intestinal immunity when they find the place. The last two decades have witnessed several studies revealing intestinal bacteria as a key factor in the health-disease balance of the gut, as well as disease-emergent in other parts of the body. Various neurological processes, such as cognition, learning, and memory, could be affected by dysbiosis in GM. Additionally, the aging process and longevity are related to systemic inflammation caused by dysbiosis. Commensal GM affects brain development, behavior, and healthy aging suggesting that building changes in GM might be a potential therapeutic method. The innovation in GM dysbiosis is intervention by Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT), which has been confirmed as a therapy for recurrent Clostridium difficile infections and is promising for other clinical disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease, and depression. Additionally, FMT may be possible to promote healthy aging, and extend longevity. This review aims to connect dysbiosis, neurological disorders, and aging and the potential of FMT as a therapeutic strategy to treat these disorders, and to enhance the quality of life in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Ahmadi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Students Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alka Hasani
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Sina Educational, Research and Treatment Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Aytak Khabbaz
- Neurosciences Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahdat Poortahmasbe
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samaneh Hosseini
- Neurosciences Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yasdchi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Mehdizadehfar
- Neurosciences Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Mousavi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roqaiyeh Hasani
- School of Medicine, Istanbul Okan University, Tuzla, 34959, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Edris Nabizadeh
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Nezhadi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Mathias K, Machado RS, Stork S, Martins CD, Dos Santos D, Lippert FW, Prophiro JS, Petronilho F. Short-chain fatty acid on blood-brain barrier and glial function in ischemic stroke. Life Sci 2024; 354:122979. [PMID: 39147315 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Stroke is the second most common cause of death and one of the most common causes of disability worldwide. The intestine is home to several microorganisms that fulfill essential functions for the natural and physiological functioning of the human body. There is an interaction between the central nervous system (CNS) and the gastrointestinal system that enables bidirectional communication between them, the so-called gut-brain axis. Based on the gut-brain axis, there is evidence of a link between the gut microbiota and the regulation of microglial functions through glial activation. This interaction is partly due to the immunological properties of the microbiota and its connection with the CNS, such that metabolites produced by the microbiota can cross the gut barrier, enter the bloodstream and reach the CNS and significantly affect microglia, astrocytes and other cells of the immune system. Studies addressing the effects of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) on glial function and the BBB in ischemic stroke are still scarce. Therefore, this review aims to stimulate the investigation of these associations, as well as to generate new studies on this topic that can clarify the role of SCFAs after stroke in a more robust manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khiany Mathias
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, SC, Brazil; Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarao, SC, Brazil
| | - Richard Simon Machado
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, SC, Brazil; Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarao, SC, Brazil
| | - Solange Stork
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, SC, Brazil; Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarao, SC, Brazil
| | - Carla Damasio Martins
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - David Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Weinheimer Lippert
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Josiane Somariva Prophiro
- Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarao, SC, Brazil
| | - Fabricia Petronilho
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, SC, Brazil.
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33
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Xian L, Xu X, Mai Y, Guo T, Chen Z, Deng X. Dissecting causal relationships between gut microbiome, immune cells, and brain injury: A Mendelian randomization study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e39740. [PMID: 39312332 PMCID: PMC11419422 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000039740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing literature has affirmed that changes in the gut microbiome (GM) composition were linked to distinct brain injury (BI) through the gut-brain axis, but it is uncertain if such links reflect causality. Further, the immune cell changes mediating the impact of GM on BI are not completely understood. We made use of the summary statistics of 211 GM (MiBioGen consortium), 731 immune cells, and 2 different BIs (FinnGen consortium), namely traumatic BI (TBI) and focal BI (FBI), from the extensive genome-wide association studies to date. We executed bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to ascertain the causal relationships between the GM and BI, and 2-step MR to validate possible mediating immune cells. Additionally, thorough sensitivity analyses verified the heterogeneity, robustness, as well as horizontal pleiotropy of the results. Based on the results of inverse-variance weighted (IVW) and sensitivity analyses, in MR analyses, 5 specific GM taxa and 6 specific GM taxa were causally associated with FBI and TBI, respectively; 27 immunophenotypes and 39 immunophenotypes were causally associated with FBI and TBI, respectively. Remarkably, Anaerofilum, LachnospiraceaeNC2004group, RuminococcaceaeUCG004, CCR2 on myeloid dendritic cell (DC), CD123 on CD62L+ plasmacytoid DC, and CD123 on plasmacytoid DC were causally associated with TBI and FBI (all P < .040). However, our reverse MR did not indicate any influence of TBI and FBI on the specific GM. In mediation analysis, we found that the associations between Escherichia.Shigella and FBI were mediated by CD123 on CD62L + plasmacytoid DC in addition to CD123 on plasmacytoid DC, each accounting for 4.21% and 4.21%; the association between FamilyXIIIAD3011group and TBI was mediated by CCR2 on myeloid DC, with mediated proportions of 5.07%. No remarkable horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity of instrumental variables was detected. Our comprehensive MR analysis first provides insight into potential causal links between several specific GM taxa with FBI/TBI. Additionally, CD123 on plasmacytoid DC in conjunction with CCR2 on myeloid DC may function in gut microbiota-host crosstalk in FBI and TBI, correspondingly. Further studies are critical to unravel the underlying mechanisms of the links between GM and BI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Xian
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Department of Intensive Care Unit, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, PR China
| | - Xiaochen Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Emergency and Trauma College, Hainan Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, PR China
| | - Yongmeng Mai
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Department of Intensive Care Unit, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, PR China
| | - Tongwu Guo
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Emergency and Trauma College, Hainan Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, PR China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (the First people’s hospital of Shunde), Foshan, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Department of Intensive Care Unit, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, PR China
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Li K, Ding W, Li X, Gao H, Wang S, Li T, Zhao H, Zhang S. Intestinal Akkermansia muciniphila is Beneficial to Functional Recovery Following Ischemic Stroke. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2024; 19:43. [PMID: 39141019 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-024-10146-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated the interaction between gut microbiota and brain on ischemic stroke, but the roles of gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke remain largely unclear. In this study, we detected a significant increase of intestinal Akkermansia muciniphila (AKK) following ischemic stroke by a rose bengal photothrombosis model. To investigate the function and mechanism of AKK on ischemic stroke, we performed the AKK administration prior to stroke surgery. The results showed that mice treated with AKK gained significantly higher body weight and behaved better than those in PBS group at 3 days after ischemic stroke. Consistently, AKK administration remarkably decreased the infarct volumes as well as the density of degenerating neurons and apoptotic cells after ischemic stroke. Notably, AKK is a potential therapeutic target in immune-related disorders connected to the microbiota, and inflammation is crucially involved in the pathophysiological process of ischemic stroke. For the determination of underlying mechanisms of this protective effect, we investigated whether there are associations between AKK and neuroinflammation following ischemic stroke. The results suggested that AKK administration significantly reduced the activation of astrocytes and microglia but up-regulated multiple anti-inflammatory factors following ischemic stroke. Therefore, our study highlighted the beneficial roles of intestinal AKK on ischemic stroke and provided a new perspective for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemin Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, China
| | - Wancong Ding
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, China
| | - Xinrui Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, China
| | - Hao Gao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, China
| | - Ting Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, China
| | - Haiyu Zhao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, China.
| | - Shengxiang Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, China.
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Rahman Z, Bhale NA, Dikundwar AG, Dandekar MP. Multistrain Probiotics with Fructooligosaccharides Improve Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion-Driven Neurological Deficits by Revamping Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:1251-1269. [PMID: 37365420 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10109-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent burgeoning literature unveils the importance of gut microbiota in the neuropathology of post-stroke brain injury and recovery. Indeed, ingestion of prebiotics/probiotics imparts positive effects on post-stroke brain injury, neuroinflammation, gut dysbiosis, and intestinal integrity. However, information on the disease-specific preference of selective prebiotics/probiotics/synbiotics and their underlying mechanism is yet elusive. Herein, we examined the effect of a new synbiotic formulation containing multistrain probiotics (Lactobacillus reuteri UBLRu-87, Lactobacillus plantarum UBLP-40, Lactobacillus rhamnosus UBLR-58, Lactobacillus salivarius UBLS-22, and Bifidobacterium breve UBBr-01), and prebiotic fructooligosaccharides using a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of cerebral ischemia in female and male rats. Three weeks pre-MCAO administration of synbiotic rescinded the MCAO-induced sensorimotor and motor deficits on day 3 post-stroke in rotarod, foot-fault, adhesive removal, and paw whisker test. We also observed a decrease in infarct volume and neuronal death in the ipsilateral hemisphere of synbiotic-treated MCAO rats. The synbiotic treatment also reversed the elevated levels/mRNA expression of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), NeuN, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and caspase-3 and decreased levels of occludin and zonula occludens-1 in MCAO rats. 16S rRNA gene-sequencing data of intestinal contents indicated an increase in genus/species of Prevotella (Prevotella copri), Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus reuteri), Roseburia, Allobaculum, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and decreased abundance of Helicobacter, Desulfovibrio, and Akkermansia (Akkermansia muciniphila) in synbiotic-treated rats compared to the MCAO surgery group. These findings confer the potential benefits of our novel synbiotic preparation for MCAO-induced neurological dysfunctions by reshaping the gut-brain-axis mediators in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziaur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Nagesh A Bhale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Amol G Dikundwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Manoj P Dandekar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India.
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Shen X, Mu X. Systematic Insights into the Relationship between the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis and Stroke with the Focus on Tryptophan Metabolism. Metabolites 2024; 14:399. [PMID: 39195495 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14080399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke, as a serious cerebral vascular disease with high incidence and high rates of disability and mortality, has limited therapeutic options due to the narrow time window. Compelling evidence has highlighted the significance of the gut microbiota and gut-brain axis as critical regulatory factors affecting stroke. Along the microbiota-gut-brain axis, tryptophan metabolism further acquires increasing attention for its intimate association with central nervous system diseases. For the purpose of exploring the potential role of tryptophan metabolism in stroke and providing systematic insights into the intricate connection of the microbiota-gut-brain axis with the pathological procedure of stroke, this review first summarized the practical relationship between microbiota and stroke by compiling the latest case-control research. Then, the microbiota-gut-brain axis, as well as its interaction with stroke, were comprehensively elucidated on the basis of the basic anatomical structure and physiological function. Based on the crosstalk of microbiota-gut-brain, we further focused on the tryptophan metabolism from the three major metabolic pathways, namely, the kynurenine pathway, serotonin pathway, and microbial pathway, within the axis. Moreover, the effects of tryptophan metabolism on stroke were appreciated and elaborated here, which is scarcely found in other reviews. Hopefully, the systematic illustration of the mechanisms and pathways along the microbiota-gut-brain axis will inspire more translational research from metabolic perspectives, along with more attention paid to tryptophan metabolism as a promising pharmaceutical target in order to reduce the risk of stroke, mitigate the stroke progression, and ameliorate the stroke prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Shen
- Genomics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xiaoqin Mu
- Genomics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
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EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ), Koutsoumanis K, Allende A, Alvarez‐Ordóñez A, Bolton D, Bover‐Cid S, Chemaly M, De Cesare A, Hilbert F, Lindqvist R, Nauta M, Nonno R, Peixe L, Ru G, Simmons M, Skandamis P, Suffredini E, Cocconcelli PS, Fernández Escámez PS, Maradona MP, Querol A, Sijtsma L, Suarez JE, Sundh I, Botteon A, Fulvio B, Correia S, Herman L. Update of the list of qualified presumption of safety (QPS) recommended microbiological agents intentionally added to food or feed as notified to EFSA 20: Suitability of taxonomic units notified to EFSA until March 2024. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8882. [PMID: 39040570 PMCID: PMC11261301 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The qualified presumption of safety (QPS) process was developed to provide a safety assessment approach for microorganisms intended for use in food or feed chains. In the period covered by this statement, no new information was found that would change the status of previously recommended QPS TUs. The TUs in the QPS list were updated based on a verification, against their respective authoritative databases, of the correctness of the names and completeness of synonyms. A new procedure has been established to ensure the TUs are kept up to date in relation to recent taxonomical insights. Of 83 microorganisms notified to EFSA between October 2023 and March 2024 (47 as feed additives, 25 as food enzymes or additives, 11 as novel foods), 75 were not evaluated because: 15 were filamentous fungi, 1 was Enterococcus faecium, 10 were Escherichia coli, 1 was a Streptomyces (all excluded from the QPS evaluation) and 48 were TUs that already have a QPS status. Two of the other eight notifications were already evaluated for a possible QPS status in the previous Panel Statement: Heyndrickxia faecalis (previously Weizmannia faecalis) and Serratia marcescens. One was notified at genus level so could not be assessed for QPS status. The other five notifications belonging to five TUs were assessed for possible QPS status. Akkermansia muciniphila and Actinomadura roseirufa were still not recommended for QPS status due to safety concerns. Rhizobium radiobacter can be recommended for QPS status with the qualification for production purposes. Microbacterium arborescens and Burkholderia stagnalis cannot be included in the QPS list due to a lack of body of knowledge for its use in the food and feed chain and for B. stagnalis also due to safety concerns. A. roseirufa and B. stagnalis have been excluded from further QPS assessment.
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Martins D, Silva C, Ferreira AC, Dourado S, Albuquerque A, Saraiva F, Batista AB, Castro P, Leite-Moreira A, Barros AS, Miranda IM. Unravelling the Gut Microbiome Role in Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis. Biomolecules 2024; 14:731. [PMID: 38927134 PMCID: PMC11201797 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A notable shift in understanding the human microbiome's influence on cardiovascular disease (CVD) is underway, although the causal association remains elusive. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to synthesise current knowledge on microbial taxonomy and metabolite variations between healthy controls (HCs) and those with CVD. An extensive search encompassing three databases identified 67 relevant studies (2012-2023) covering CVD pathologies from 4707 reports. Metagenomic and metabolomic data, both qualitative and quantitative, were obtained. Analysis revealed substantial variability in microbial alpha and beta diversities. Moreover, specific changes in bacterial populations were shown, including increased Streptococcus and Proteobacteria and decreased Faecalibacterium in patients with CVD compared with HC. Additionally, elevated trimethylamine N-oxide levels were reported in CVD cases. Biochemical parameter analysis indicated increased fasting glucose and triglycerides and decreased total cholesterol and low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in diseased individuals. This study revealed a significant relationship between certain bacterial species and CVD. Additionally, it has become clear that there are substantial inconsistencies in the methodologies employed and the reporting standards adhered to in various studies. Undoubtedly, standardising research methodologies and developing extensive guidelines for microbiome studies are crucial for advancing the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Martins
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Silva
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - António Carlos Ferreira
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Dourado
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Albuquerque
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca Saraiva
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Beatriz Batista
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Castro
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Neurology, São João Hospital Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - António S. Barros
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel M. Miranda
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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Shi YB, Dong HL, Chang WK, Zhao Y, Jin HJ, Li JK, Yan S. Genetic evidence for a causal link between gut microbiota and arterial embolism and thrombosis: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1396699. [PMID: 38957618 PMCID: PMC11217536 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1396699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous research has hinted at a crucial link between gut microbiota and arterial embolism and thrombosis, yet the causal relationship remains enigmatic. To gain a deeper understanding, we aimed to comprehensively explore the causal relationship and elucidate the impact of the gut microbiota on the risk through a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Methods Genetic instrumental variables for gut microbiota were identified from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 18,340 participants. Summary statistics for IBS were drawn from a GWAS including 1,076 cases and 381,997 controls. We used the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary analysis. To test the robustness of our results, we further performed the weighted median method, MR-Egger regression, and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier test. Results We identified three bacterial traits that were associated with the risk of arterial embolism and thrombosis: odds ratio (OR): 1.58, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08-2.31, p = 0.017 for genus Catenibacterium; OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.42-0.96, p = 0.031 for genus Dialister; and OR: 2.08, 95% CI: 1.25-3.47, p = 0.005 for genus Odoribacter. The results of sensitivity analyses for these bacterial traits were consistent (P<0.05). Conclusion Our systematic analyses provided evidence to support a potential causal relationship between several gut microbiota taxa and the risk of arterial embolism and thrombosis. More studies are required to show how the gut microbiota affects the development of arterial embolism and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Bin Shi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hong-Lin Dong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wen-Kai Chang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hai-Jiang Jin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jun-Kai Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Sheng Yan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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He P, Jiang C, Ni J, Zhang X, Wu Z, Chen G, Huang J, Dai Z, Ji W, Li L, Chen K, Shi Y. Identifying gut microbiota with high specificity for ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14086. [PMID: 38890373 PMCID: PMC11189444 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64819-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota can regulate the metabolic and immunological aspects of ischemic stroke and modulate the treatment effects. The present study aimed to identify specific changes in gut microbiota in patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) ischemic stroke and assess the potential association between gut microbiota and clinical features of ischemic stroke. A total of 63 CSVD patients, 64 cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) patients, and 36 matching normal controls (NCs) were included in this study. The fecal samples were collected for all participants and analyzed for gut microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology. The abundances of five gut microbiota, including genera Bifidobacterium, Butyricimonas, Blautia, and Dorea and species Bifidobacterium_longum, showed significant changes with high specificity in the LVO patients as compared to the NCs and CSVD patients. In LVO patients, the genera Bifidobacterium and Blautia and species Bifidobacterium_longum were significantly correlated with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores at the admission and discharge of the patients. Serum triglyceride levels could significantly affect the association of the abundance of genus Bifidobacterium and species Bifidobacterium_longum with the NIHSS scores at admission and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at discharge in LVO patients. The identification of five gut microbiota with high specificity were identified in the early stage of LVO stroke, which contributed to performed an effective clinical management for LVO ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping He
- Department of Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Qingyang Road No. 299, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China
| | - Jianqiang Ni
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China
| | - Zhifeng Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China
| | - Gengjing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China
| | - Zheng Dai
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Qingyang Road No. 299, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Interventional Neurology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China
- Department of Functional Neurology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Qingyang Road No. 299, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Qingyang Road No. 299, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Interventional Neurology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China
| | - Kefei Chen
- Department of Functional Neurology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Qingyang Road No. 299, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yachen Shi
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Qingyang Road No. 299, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Interventional Neurology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China.
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Shuai H, Wang Z, Xiao Y, Ge Y, Mao H, Gao J. Genetically supported causality between gut microbiota, immune cells, and ischemic stroke: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1402718. [PMID: 38894965 PMCID: PMC11185428 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1402718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have highlighted a robust correlation between gut microbiota/immune cells and ischemic stroke (IS). However, the precise nature of their causal relationship remains uncertain. To address this gap, our study aims to meticulously investigate the causal association between gut microbiota/immune cells and the likelihood of developing IS, employing a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Methods Our comprehensive analysis utilized summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on gut microbiota, immune cells, and IS. The primary MR method employed was the inverse variance-weighted (IVW) approach. To address potential pleiotropy and identify outlier genetic variants, we incorporated the Mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) technique, along with MR-Egger regression. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q-test. Additionally, leave-one-out analysis was conducted to pinpoint any individual genetic variant influencing the observed causal associations. Finally, a reverse MR analysis was performed to explore the potential of reverse causation. Results Our investigation revealed four gut microbial taxa and 16 immune cells with a significant causal relationship with IS (p < 0.05). Notably, two bacterial features and five immunophenotypes were strongly associated with a lower IS risk: genus.Barnesiella.id.944 (OR: 0.907, 95% CI: 0.836-0.983, p = 0.018), genus.LachnospiraceaeNK4A136group.id.11319 (OR: 0.918, 95% CI: 0.853-0.983, p = 0.988), Activated & resting Treg % CD4++ (OR: 0.977, 95% CI: 0.956-0.998, p = 0.028). Additionally, significant associations between IS risk and two bacterial features along with eleven immunophenotypes were observed: genus.Paraprevotella.id.962 (OR: 1.106, 95% CI: 1.043-1.172, p < 0.001), genus.Streptococcus.id.1853 (OR: 1.119, 95% CI: 1.034-1.210, p = 0.005), CD127 on granulocyte (OR: 1.039, 95% CI: 1.009-1.070, p = 0.011). Our analyses did not reveal heterogeneity based on the Cochrane's Q-test (p > 0.05) nor indicate instances of horizontal pleiotropy according to MR-Egger and MR-PRESSO analyses (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the robustness of our MR results was confirmed through leave-one-out analysis. Conclusion Our study provides further evidence supporting the potential association between gut microbiota and immune cells in relation to IS, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms that may contribute to this condition. These findings lay a solid foundation for future investigations into targeted prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Shuai
- Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Peking University People’s Hospital, Qingdao Women and Children’s Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zi Wang
- Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yinggang Xiao
- Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yali Ge
- Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hua Mao
- Peking University People’s Hospital, Qingdao Women and Children’s Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ju Gao
- Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Pu B, Zhu H, Wei L, Gu L, Zhang S, Jian Z, Xiong X. The Involvement of Immune Cells Between Ischemic Stroke and Gut Microbiota. Transl Stroke Res 2024; 15:498-517. [PMID: 37140808 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-023-01151-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, a disease with high mortality and disability rate worldwide, currently has no effective treatment. The systemic inflammation response to the ischemic stroke, followed by immunosuppression in focal neurologic deficits and other inflammatory damage, reduces the circulating immune cell counts and multiorgan infectious complications such as intestinal and gut dysfunction dysbiosis. Evidence showed that microbiota dysbiosis plays a role in neuroinflammation and peripheral immune response after stroke, changing the lymphocyte populations. Multiple immune cells, including lymphocytes, engage in complex and dynamic immune responses in all stages of stroke and may be a pivotal moderator in the bidirectional immunomodulation between ischemic stroke and gut microbiota. This review discusses the role of lymphocytes and other immune cells, the immunological processes in the bidirectional immunomodulation between gut microbiota and ischemic stroke, and its potential as a therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Pu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Rd, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Rd, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Wei
- Organ Transplantation Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Lijuan Gu
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenqi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Rd, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Jian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Rd, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Rd, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China.
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China.
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Nieto JA, Rosés C, Viadel B, Gallego E, Romo-Hualde A, Milagro FI, Barceló A, Virto R, Saldaña G, Luengo E. Sourdough bread enriched with exopolysaccharides and gazpacho by-products modulates in vitro the microbiota dysbiosis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132906. [PMID: 38851991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Sourdough bread enriched with soluble fiber (by in-situ exopolysaccharides production) and insoluble fiber (by gazpacho by-products addition) showed prebiotic effects an in vitro dynamic colonic fermentation performance with obese volunteer's microbiota. Bifidobacterium population was maintained whereas Lactobacillus increased throughout the colonic sections. Conversely, Enterobacteriaceae and Clostridium groups clearly decreased. Specific bacteria associated with beneficial effects increased in the ascending colon (Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus paracasei, Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium adolescentis) whereas Eubacterium eligens, Alistipes senegalensis, Prevotella copri and Eubacterium desmolans increased in the transversal and descending colon. Additionally, Blautia faecis and Ruminococcus albus increased in the transversal colon, and Bifidobacterium longum, Roseburia faecis and Victivallis vadensis in the descending colon. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus fermented the in-situ exopolysaccharides and released pectins from gazpacho by-products, as well as cellulosic degraded bacteria. This increased the short and medium chain fatty acids. Acetic acid, as well as butyric acid, increased throughout the colonic tract, which showed greater increases only in the transversal and descending colonic segments. Conversely, propionic acid was slightly affected by the colonic fermentation. These results show that sourdough bread is a useful food matrix for the enrichment of vegetable by-products (or other fibers) in order to formulate products with microbiota modulatory capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Nieto
- Centro Tecnológico Ainia, Parque Tecnológico de Valencia, E46980 Paterna, Spain; Bioactivity and Nutritional Immunology Group (BIOINUT), Faculty of Health Science, Universidad Internacional de Valencia (VIU), Calle Pintor Sorolla 21, E46002 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Carles Rosés
- Servei de Genòmica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain
| | - Blanca Viadel
- Centro Tecnológico Ainia, Parque Tecnológico de Valencia, E46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Elisa Gallego
- Centro Tecnológico Ainia, Parque Tecnológico de Valencia, E46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Ana Romo-Hualde
- Centre for Nutrition Research, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fermín I Milagro
- Centre for Nutrition Research, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Barceló
- Servei de Genòmica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain
| | - Raquel Virto
- Centro Nacional de Tecnología y Seguridad Alimentaria (CNTA), Carretera-Na134-km 53, San Adrian 31570, Navarra, Spain
| | - Guillermo Saldaña
- NOVAPAN S.L., Research & Development Department, 50014 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elisa Luengo
- NOVAPAN S.L., Research & Development Department, 50014 Zaragoza, Spain
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Ma J, Xie H, Yuan C, Shen J, Chen J, Chen Q, Liu J, Tong Q, Sun J. The gut microbial signatures of patients with lacunar cerebral infarction. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:620-636. [PMID: 37538045 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2242121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence revealed that gut microbial dysbiosis is involved in the pathogenesis of multiple neurological diseases, but there is little available data on the relationship between gut microbiota and lacunar cerebral infarction (LCI). METHODS Fecal samples from acute LCI patients (n = 65) and matched healthy controls (n = 65) were collected. The compositions and potential functions of the gut microbiota were estimated. RESULTS The results showed that there were significant gut microbial differences between LCI and control groups. Patients with LCI had higher abundances of genus Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Veillonella, Acidaminococcus, Bacillus, Peptoclostridium, Intestinibacter, Alloscardovia and Cloacibacillus but lower proportions of genus Agathobacter and Lachnospiraceae_UCG-004. Investigating further these microbes such as Lactobacillus and Veillonella were correlated with clinical signs. Moreover, we found that 9 gene functions of gut microbiota were different between LCI patients and controls, which were associated with amino acid metabolism and inflammatory signal transduction. Notably, four optimal microbial markers were determined, and the combination of Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Agathobacter, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-004 and the three risk factors achieved an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.854 to distinguish LCI from controls. CONCLUSION These findings revealed the characterizing of gut microbiota in LCI patients and provided potential microbial biomarkers for clinical diagnosis of LCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijia Xie
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengxiang Yuan
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qionglei Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaming Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuling Tong
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
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Chen YZ, Huang ZY, Zhou WW, Li ZY, Li XP, Chen SS, Ma JK. Uncovering the characteristics of the gut microbiota in patients with ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11776. [PMID: 38782999 PMCID: PMC11116394 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62606-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the gut microbiota characteristics of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients. A case-control study was conducted, and high-throughput sequencing of the V4-V5 region of 16S rRNA was used to analyze the differences in gut microbiota. The results showed that Proteobacteria was significantly increased in the ischemic stroke group compared with the healthy control group, while Fusobacteria was significantly increased in the hemorrhagic stroke group. In the ischemic stroke group, Butyricimonas, Alloprevotella, and Escherichia were significantly more abundant than in the healthy control group. In the hemorrhagic stroke group, Atopobium, Hungatella, Eisenbergiella, Butyricimonas, Odonbacter, Lachnociostridium, Alistipes, Parabacteroides, and Fusobacterium were significantly more abundant than in the healthy control group. Additionally, Alloprevotella, Ruminococcus, and Prevotella were significantly more abundant in the ischemic stroke group than in the hemorrhagic stroke group. The gut microbiota of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients has significant diversity characteristics. These results provide new theoretical basis for exploring the prevention and treatment of different types of stroke through gut microbiota research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Zhu Chen
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530028, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhao-Yong Huang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530028, Guangxi, China
| | - Wei-Wen Zhou
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530028, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhong-You Li
- School of Public Health and Management, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Li
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530028, Guangxi, China
| | - Shi-Shi Chen
- School of Food & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, 526061, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin-Kui Ma
- School of Food & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, 526061, Guangdong, China.
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Zhu A, Li P, Chu Y, Wei X, Zhao J, Luo L, Zhang T, Yan J. Causal effects of gut microbiota on the prognosis of ischemic stroke: evidence from a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1346371. [PMID: 38650876 PMCID: PMC11033378 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1346371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing research has implicated the possible effect of gut microbiota (GM) on the prognosis of ischemic stroke (IS). However, the precise causal relationship between GM and functional outcomes after IS remains unestablished. Methods Data on 211 GM taxa from the MiBioGen consortium and data on prognosis of IS from the Genetics of Ischemic Stroke Functional Outcome (GISCOME) network were utilized as summary-level data of exposure and outcome. Four kinds of Mendelian randomization (MR) methods were carried out to ascertain the causal effect of GM on functional outcomes following IS. A reverse MR analysis was performed on the positive taxa identified in the forward MR analysis to determine the direction of causation. In addition, we conducted a comparative MR analysis without adjusting the baseline National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) of post-stroke functional outcomes to enhance confidence of the results obtained in the main analysis. Results Four taxa were identified to be related to stroke prognosis in both main and comparative analyses. Specifically, genus Ruminococcaceae UCG005 and the Eubacterium oxidoreducens group showed significantly negative effects on stroke prognosis, while the genus Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group and Lachnospiraceae UCG004 showed protective effects against stroke prognosis. The reverse MR analysis did not support a causal role of stroke prognosis in GM. No evidence of heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, and outliers was found. Conclusion This MR study provided evidence that genetically predicted GM had a causal link with post-stroke outcomes. Specific gut microbiota taxa associated with IS prognosis were identified, which may be helpful to clarify the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke and making treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Tuina, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juntao Yan
- Department of Tuina, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhang J, Ling L, Xiang L, Li W, Bao P, Yue W. Role of the gut microbiota in complications after ischemic stroke. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1334581. [PMID: 38644963 PMCID: PMC11026644 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1334581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a serious central nervous system disease. Post-IS complications, such as post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI), post-stroke depression (PSD), hemorrhagic transformation (HT), gastrointestinal dysfunction, cardiovascular events, and post-stroke infection (PSI), result in neurological deficits. The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) facilitates bidirectional signal transduction and communication between the intestines and the brain. Recent studies have reported alterations in gut microbiota diversity post-IS, suggesting the involvement of gut microbiota in post-IS complications through various mechanisms such as bacterial translocation, immune regulation, and production of gut bacterial metabolites, thereby affecting disease prognosis. In this review, to provide insights into the prevention and treatment of post-IS complications and improvement of the long-term prognosis of IS, we summarize the interaction between the gut microbiota and IS, along with the effects of the gut microbiota on post-IS complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Zhang
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ling Ling
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Xiang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenxia Li
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Pengnan Bao
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Yue
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Pereira QC, Fortunato IM, Oliveira FDS, Alvarez MC, dos Santos TW, Ribeiro ML. Polyphenolic Compounds: Orchestrating Intestinal Microbiota Harmony during Aging. Nutrients 2024; 16:1066. [PMID: 38613099 PMCID: PMC11013902 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In the aging process, physiological decline occurs, posing a substantial threat to the physical and mental well-being of the elderly and contributing to the onset of age-related diseases. While traditional perspectives considered the maintenance of life as influenced by a myriad of factors, including environmental, genetic, epigenetic, and lifestyle elements such as exercise and diet, the pivotal role of symbiotic microorganisms had been understated. Presently, it is acknowledged that the intestinal microbiota plays a profound role in overall health by signaling to both the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as other distant organs. Disruption in this bidirectional communication between bacteria and the host results in dysbiosis, fostering the development of various diseases, including neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. This review aims to delve into the intricate biological mechanisms underpinning dysbiosis associated with aging and the clinical ramifications of such dysregulation. Furthermore, we aspire to explore bioactive compounds endowed with functional properties capable of modulating and restoring balance in this aging-related dysbiotic process through epigenetics alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quélita Cristina Pereira
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (Q.C.P.); (I.M.F.); (F.d.S.O.); (M.C.A.); (T.W.d.S.)
| | - Isabela Monique Fortunato
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (Q.C.P.); (I.M.F.); (F.d.S.O.); (M.C.A.); (T.W.d.S.)
| | - Fabricio de Sousa Oliveira
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (Q.C.P.); (I.M.F.); (F.d.S.O.); (M.C.A.); (T.W.d.S.)
| | - Marisa Claudia Alvarez
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (Q.C.P.); (I.M.F.); (F.d.S.O.); (M.C.A.); (T.W.d.S.)
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, University of Campinas/Hemocentro, UNICAMP, Rua Carlos Chagas 480, Campinas 13083-878, SP, Brazil
| | - Tanila Wood dos Santos
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (Q.C.P.); (I.M.F.); (F.d.S.O.); (M.C.A.); (T.W.d.S.)
| | - Marcelo Lima Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (Q.C.P.); (I.M.F.); (F.d.S.O.); (M.C.A.); (T.W.d.S.)
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Clemente-Suárez VJ, Redondo-Flórez L, Beltrán-Velasco AI, Belinchón-deMiguel P, Ramos-Campo DJ, Curiel-Regueros A, Martín-Rodríguez A, Tornero-Aguilera JF. The Interplay of Sports and Nutrition in Neurological Health and Recovery. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2065. [PMID: 38610829 PMCID: PMC11012304 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13072065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review explores the dynamic relationship between sports, nutrition, and neurological health. Focusing on recent clinical advancements, it examines how physical activity and dietary practices influence the prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of various neurological conditions. The review highlights the role of neuroimaging in understanding these interactions, discusses emerging technologies in neurotherapeutic interventions, and evaluates the efficacy of sports and nutritional strategies in enhancing neurological recovery. This synthesis of current knowledge aims to provide a deeper understanding of how lifestyle factors can be integrated into clinical practices to improve neurological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.C.-S.); (A.C.-R.); (J.F.T.-A.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
| | - Laura Redondo-Flórez
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, C/Tajo s/n, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Pedro Belinchón-deMiguel
- Department of Nursing and Nutrition, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Domingo Jesús Ramos-Campo
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Agustín Curiel-Regueros
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.C.-S.); (A.C.-R.); (J.F.T.-A.)
| | - Alexandra Martín-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.C.-S.); (A.C.-R.); (J.F.T.-A.)
| | - José Francisco Tornero-Aguilera
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.C.-S.); (A.C.-R.); (J.F.T.-A.)
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Mao M, Cao X, Liang Y, Li Q, Chen S, Zhou L, Zhang Y, Guo Y. Neuroprotection of rhubarb extract against cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury via the gut-brain axis pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 126:155254. [PMID: 38342016 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut-brain axis (GBA) plays a central role in cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). Rhubarb, known for its purgative properties, has demonstrated protective effects against CIRI. However, it remains unclear whether this protective effect is achieved through the regulation of the GBA. AIM This study aims to investigate the mechanism by which rhubarb extract improves CIRI by modulating the GBA pathway. METHODS We identified the active components of rhubarb extract using LC-MS/MS. The model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was established to evaluate the effect of rhubarb extract. We conducted 16S rDNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics to analyze intestinal contents. Additionally, we employed HE staining, TUNEL staining, western blot, and ELISA to assess intestinal barrier integrity. We measured the levels of inflammatory cytokines in serum via ELISA. We also examined blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity using Evans blue (EB) penetration, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), western blot, and ELISA. Neurological function scores and TTC staining were utilized to evaluate neurological outcomes. RESULTS We identified twenty-six active components in rhubarb. Rhubarb extract enhanced α-diversity, reduced the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae, and partially rectified metabolic disorders in CIRI rats. It also ameliorated pathological changes, increased the expressions of ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin 1 in the colon, and reduced levels of LPS and d-lac in serum. Furthermore, it lowered the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, and TNF-α in serum. Rhubarb extract mitigated BBB dysfunction, as evidenced by reduced EB penetration and improved hippocampal microstructure. It upregulated the expressions of ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin 1, while downregulating the expressions of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB. Similarly, rhubarb extract decreased the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the hippocampus. Ultimately, it reduced neurological function scores and cerebral infarct volume. CONCLUSION Rhubarb effectively treats CIRI, potentially by inhibiting harmful bacteria, correcting metabolic disorders, repairing intestinal barrier function, alleviating BBB dysfunction, and ultimately improving neurological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjiang Mao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Xingqin Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Yuhua Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Qiuying Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Simiao Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Liping Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Yuyan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Ying Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China.
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