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Singh BK, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Egidi E, Guirado E, Leach JE, Liu H, Trivedi P. Climate change impacts on plant pathogens, food security and paths forward. Nat Rev Microbiol 2023; 21:640-656. [PMID: 37131070 PMCID: PMC10153038 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-023-00900-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant disease outbreaks pose significant risks to global food security and environmental sustainability worldwide, and result in the loss of primary productivity and biodiversity that negatively impact the environmental and socio-economic conditions of affected regions. Climate change further increases outbreak risks by altering pathogen evolution and host-pathogen interactions and facilitating the emergence of new pathogenic strains. Pathogen range can shift, increasing the spread of plant diseases in new areas. In this Review, we examine how plant disease pressures are likely to change under future climate scenarios and how these changes will relate to plant productivity in natural and agricultural ecosystems. We explore current and future impacts of climate change on pathogen biogeography, disease incidence and severity, and their effects on natural ecosystems, agriculture and food production. We propose that amendment of the current conceptual framework and incorporation of eco-evolutionary theories into research could improve our mechanistic understanding and prediction of pathogen spread in future climates, to mitigate the future risk of disease outbreaks. We highlight the need for a science-policy interface that works closely with relevant intergovernmental organizations to provide effective monitoring and management of plant disease under future climate scenarios, to ensure long-term food and nutrient security and sustainability of natural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brajesh K Singh
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia.
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
- Unidad Asociada CSIC-UPO (BioFun), Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eleonora Egidi
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emilio Guirado
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Environment Studies 'Ramon Margalef', University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jan E Leach
- Microbiome Newtork and Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pankaj Trivedi
- Microbiome Newtork and Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Xu K, Liu X, Zhao C, Pan Q, Chen X, Jiang N, Du C, Xu Y, Shao M, Qu B. Nitrogen deposition further increases Ambrosia trifida root exudate invasiveness under global warming. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:759. [PMID: 37249649 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11380-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Invasive plants can change the soil ecological environment in the invasion area to adapt to their growth and reproduction through root exudates. Root exudates are the most direct manifestation of plant responses to external environmental changes, but there is a lack of studies on root exudates of invasive plants in the context of inevitable global warming and nitrogen deposition. In this research, we used widely targeted metabolomics to investigate Ambrosia trifida root exudates during seedling and maturity under warming and nitrogen deposition to reveal the possible mechanisms of A. trifida adaptation to climate change. The results showed that the organic acids increased under warming condition but decreased after nitrogen addition in the seedling stage. Phenolic acids increased greatly after nitrogen addition in the mature stage. Most phenolic acids were annotated in the phenylpropane metabolic pathway and tyrosine metabolism. Therefore, nitrogen deposition may increase the adaptability of A. trifida through root exudates, making it more invasive under global warming. The results provide new ideas for preventing and controlling the invasion of A. trifida under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Biological Invasions and Global Changes, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Biological Invasions and Global Changes, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Changxin Zhao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Biological Invasions and Global Changes, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qingmin Pan
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Biological Invasions and Global Changes, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoxing Chen
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Biological Invasions and Global Changes, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Biological Invasions and Global Changes, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cuiping Du
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Biological Invasions and Global Changes, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yufeng Xu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Biological Invasions and Global Changes, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Meini Shao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Biological Invasions and Global Changes, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Qu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Biological Invasions and Global Changes, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.
- Liaoning Panjin Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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He C, Han T, Liu C, Sun P, Liao D, Li X. Deciphering the effects of genotype and climatic factors on the performance, active ingredients and rhizosphere soil properties of Salvia miltiorrhiza. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1110860. [PMID: 37152152 PMCID: PMC10157250 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1110860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge is an important medicinal herb, which is widely cultivated in most parts of China. It has attracted considerable attention because of its pharmacological properties and potential health benefits. Methods We used a field experiment to determine the effects of different genotypes and climatic factors on the performance (plant biomass, morphological parameters), active ingredients, rhizosphere soil physicochemical properties and microbial composition of S. miltiorrhiza at five cultivation locations. Results The results showed that these parameters were significantly different in the six different genotypes of S. miltiorrhiza from five producing areas. Genotype and soil physicochemical properties were the main factors affecting the growth traits of S. miltiorrhiza, while genotype, climate and soil physicochemical properties were the main factors affecting the content of active components of S. miltiorrhiza. Microbial phospholipid fatty acid analysis showed that the biomass of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was affected by the genotypes of S. miltiorrhiza plants, while the biomass of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, fungi, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was affected by climate factors. Discussion Based on the main results, DS993 was the most suitable genotype for S. miltiorrhiza in the five producing areas from the perspective of comprehensive growth traits and medicinal components, while DS993 and DS2000 were suitable for planting in Shandong province from the perspective of origin. DS996 is not suitable for all of the above production areas. These results are helpful to understand the ecological adaptability of different genotypes of S. miltiorrhiza resources, and to select appropriate S. miltiorrhiza genotypes for specific planting areas, so as to maximize yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xianen Li
- *Correspondence: Dengqun Liao, ; Xianen Li,
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Kharivha T, Ruwanza S, Thondhlana G. Effects of Elevated Temperature and High and Low Rainfall on the Germination and Growth of the Invasive Alien Plant Acacia mearnsii. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2633. [PMID: 36235501 PMCID: PMC9571736 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The impact of climate change on the germination and growth of invasive alien plants varies depending on the plant species and invasion process. We experimentally assessed the responses of the invasive alien plant Acacia mearnsii to future climate change scenarios-namely, elevated temperature as well as high and low rainfall. Acacia mearnsii was grown at an elevated air temperature (+2 °C), high rainfall (6 mm per day), and low rainfall (1.5 mm per day), and its germination and growth performance were measured over five months. We further examined changes in soil nutrients to assess if the above-mentioned climate change scenarios affected soils. Both elevated temperature and high rainfall did not influence A. mearnsii germination and seedling growth. In contrast, we observed reductions in A. mearnsii germination and growth in the low rainfall treatment, an indication that future drought conditions might negatively affect A. mearnsii invasion. We noted that elevated temperature and rainfall resulted in varied effects on soil properties (particularly soil C, N, Ca, and Mg content). We conclude that both elevated temperature and high rainfall may not enhance A. mearnsii invasion through altering germination and growth, but a decrease in A. mearnsii invasiveness is possible under low rainfall conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tshililo Kharivha
- Department of Environmental Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
- Department of Environmental Science and Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Sheunesu Ruwanza
- Department of Environmental Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
- Department of Environmental Science and Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Gladman Thondhlana
- Department of Environmental Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
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Liu B, Qu Z, Ma Y, Xu J, Chen P, Sun H. Eucalyptus Plantation Age and Species Govern Soil Fungal Community Structure and Function Under a Tropical Monsoon Climate in China. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2021; 2:703467. [PMID: 37744134 PMCID: PMC10512287 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2021.703467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Fungi perform crucial roles in nutrient cycles, but there is limited information on how soil fungal communities vary with stand age and tree species. Eucalyptus has been extensively planted in China, which has caused severe soil erosion and water deficiency due to short rotation management. In this study, the fungal community structure and potential function in Eucalyptus plantations with different ages (1-5+ years) and species (Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus camaldulens, and Eucalyptus pellita) under a tropical monsoon climate in China were characterized by Illumina Miseq coupled with FUNGuild analysis. The results showed that the fungal alpha diversity decreased with an increase in the age of the plantation. Plantations of different ages and species formed distinct fungal communities and potential functional structures, respectively (p < 0.05), in which the age of the plantation contributed more to the variations. At high taxonomic levels, the soil fungal community changed from the dominance of orders belonging to Ascomycota (Pleosporales, Chaetothyriales, and Eurotiales) to orders belonging to Basidiomycota (Agaricales, Sebacinales, Cantharellales, and Russulales) with increasing plantation age. The community potential function shifted from the dominance of plant pathogens to a higher abundance of saprotrophs and symbiotrophs. The organic carbon of the soil was the key environmental driver to both the fungal community and potential functional structure. The results provide useful information on the importance of fungi for the management of Eucalyptus plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaolei Qu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pei Chen
- Department of Applied Foreign Languages, College of Continuing Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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Singavarapu B, Beugnon R, Bruelheide H, Cesarz S, Du J, Eisenhauer N, Guo LD, Nawaz A, Wang Y, Xue K, Wubet T. Tree mycorrhizal type and tree diversity shape the forest soil microbiota. Environ Microbiol 2021; 24:4236-4255. [PMID: 34327789 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
There is limited knowledge on how the association of trees with different mycorrhizal types shapes soil microbial communities in the context of changing tree diversity levels. We used arbuscular (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EcM) tree species as con- and heterospecific tree species pairs (TSPs), which were established in plots of three tree diversity levels including monocultures, two-species mixtures and multi-tree species mixtures in a tree diversity experiment in subtropical China. We found that the tree mycorrhizal type had a significant effect on fungal but not bacterial alpha diversity. Furthermore, only EcM but not AM TSPs fungal alpha diversity increased with tree diversity, and the differences between AM and EcM TSPs disappeared in multi-species mixtures. Tree mycorrhizal type, tree diversity and their interaction had significant effects on fungal community composition. Neither fungi nor bacteria showed any significant compositional variation in TSPs located in multi-species mixtures. Accordingly, the most influential taxa driving the tree mycorrhizal differences at low tree diversity were not significant in multi-tree species mixtures. Collectively, our results indicate that tree mycorrhizal type is an important factor determining the diversity and community composition of soil microbes, and higher tree diversity levels promote convergence of the soil microbial communities. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: More than 90% of terrestrial plants have symbiotic associations with mycorrhizal fungi which could influence the coexisting microbiota. Systematic understanding of the individual and interactive effects of tree mycorrhizal type and tree species diversity on the soil microbiota is crucial for the mechanistic comprehension of the role of microbes in forest soil ecological processes. Our tree species pair (TSP) concept coupled with random sampling within and across the plots, allowed us the unbiased assessment of tree mycorrhizal type and tree diversity effects on the tree-tree interaction zone soil microbiota. Unlike in monocultures and two-species mixtures, we identified species-rich and converging fungal and bacterial communities in multi-tree species mixtures. Consequently, we recommend planting species-rich mixtures of EcM and AM trees, for afforestation and reforestation regimes. Specifically, our findings highlight the significance of tree mycorrhizal type in studying 'tree diversity - microbial diversity - ecosystem function' relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bala Singavarapu
- Department of Community Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany.,Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, Halle, 06108, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Rémy Beugnon
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Puschstrasse 4, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, Halle, 06108, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Simone Cesarz
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Puschstrasse 4, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Jianqing Du
- Yanshan Earth Critical Zone and Surface Fluxes Research Station, College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Puschstrasse 4, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Liang-Dong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ali Nawaz
- Department of Community Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany.,Department of Civil, Geo and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Yanfen Wang
- Yanshan Earth Critical Zone and Surface Fluxes Research Station, College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,CAS Centre for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Kai Xue
- Yanshan Earth Critical Zone and Surface Fluxes Research Station, College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,CAS Centre for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Tesfaye Wubet
- Department of Community Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
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Above and below-ground involvement in cyclic energy transformation that helps in the establishment of rhizosphere microbial communities. Symbiosis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-021-00791-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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