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Contreras-Avilés W, Heuvelink E, Marcelis LFM, Kappers IF. Ménage à trois: light, terpenoids, and quality of plants. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:572-588. [PMID: 38494370 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
In controlled environment agriculture (CEA), light is used to impact terpenoid production and improve plant quality. In this review we discuss various aspects of light as important regulators of terpenoid production in different plant organs. Spectral quality primarily modifies terpenoid profiles, while intensity and photoperiod influence abundances. The central regulator of light signal transduction elongated hypocotyl 5 (HY5) controls transcriptional regulation of terpenoids under UV, red (R), and blue (B) light. The larger the fraction of R and green (G) light, the more beneficial the effect on monoterpenoid and sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis, and such an effect may depend on the presence of B light. A large fraction of R light is mostly detrimental to tetraterpenoid production. We conclude that light is a promising tool to steer terpenoid production and potentially tailor the quality of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willy Contreras-Avilés
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700, AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700, AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ep Heuvelink
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700, AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo F M Marcelis
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700, AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Iris F Kappers
- Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700, AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Phenolic Acids and Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids Profiles in Leucojum aestivum L. In Vitro Plants Grown under Different Light Conditions. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041525. [PMID: 36838512 PMCID: PMC9958804 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have emerged as efficient light sources for promoting in vitro plant growth and primary and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. This study investigated the effects of blue, red, and white-red LED lights on plant biomass growth, photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars, phenolic compounds, the production of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in Leucojum aestivum L. cultures. A white fluorescent light was used as a control. The plants that were grown under white-red and red light showed the highest fresh biomass increments. The blue light stimulated chlorophyll a, carotenoid, and flavonoid production. The white-red and blue lights were favourable for phenolic acid biosynthesis. Chlorogenic, p-hydroxybenzoic, caffeic, syringic, p-coumaric, ferulic, sinapic, and benzoic acids were identified in plant materials, with ferulic acid dominating. The blue light had a significant beneficial effect both on galanthamine (4.67 µg/g of dry weight (DW)) and lycorine (115 µg/g DW) biosynthesis. Red light treatment increased catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, and high catalase activity was also observed in plants treated with white-red and blue light. This is the first report to provide evidence of the effects of LED light on the biosynthesis of phenolic acid and Amaryllidaceae alkaloids in L. aestivum cultures, which is of pharmacological importance and can propose new strategies for their production.
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Effect of Wide-Spectrum Monochromatic Lights on Growth, Phytochemistry, Nutraceuticals, and Antioxidant Potential of In Vitro Callus Cultures of Moringa oleifera. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031497. [PMID: 36771159 PMCID: PMC9921732 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera, also called miracle tree, is a pharmaceutically important plant with a multitude of nutritional, medicinal, and therapeutic attributes. In the current study, an in-vitro-based elicitation approach was used to enhance the commercially viable bioactive compounds in an in vitro callus culture of M. oleifera. The callus culture was established and exposed to different monochromatic lights to assess the potentially interactive effects on biomass productions, biosynthesis of pharmaceutically valuable secondary metabolites, and antioxidant activity. Optimum biomass production (16.7 g/L dry weight), total phenolic contents (TPC: 18.03 mg/g), and flavonoid contents (TFC: 15.02 mg/g) were recorded in callus cultures placed under continuous white light (24 h), and of other light treatments. The highest antioxidant activity, i.e., ABTS (550.69 TEAC µM) and FRAP (365.37 TEAC µM), were also noted under white light (24 h). The analysis of phytochemicals confirmed the significant impact of white light exposures on the enhanced biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites. The enhanced levels of secondary metabolites, i.e., kaempferol (1016.04 µg/g DW), neochlorogenic acid (998.38 µg/g DW), quercetin (959.92 µg/g DW), and minor compounds including luteolin, apigenin, and p-coumaric acid were observed as being highest in continuous white light (24 h with respect to the control (photoperiod). Similarly, blue light enhanced the chlorogenic acid accumulation. This study shows that differential spectral lights demonstrate a good approach for the enhancement of nutraceuticals along with novel pharmacologically important metabolites and antioxidants in the in vitro callus culture of M. oleifera.
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Li H, Yang Y, Ye W, Sun G. Exploration of the effect of blue laser light on microRNAs involved in functional metabolism in D. officinale through RNA sequencing. Gene 2023; 851:147009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Chautá A, Kessler A. Metabolic Integration of Spectral and Chemical Cues Mediating Plant Responses to Competitors and Herbivores. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11202768. [PMID: 36297792 PMCID: PMC9609625 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Light quality and chemicals in a plant's environment can provide crucial information about the presence and nature of antagonists, such as competitors and herbivores. Here, we evaluate the roles of three sources of information-shifts in the red:far red (R:FR) ratio of light reflected off of potentially competing neighbors, induced metabolic changes to damage by insect herbivores, and induced changes to volatile organic compounds emitted from herbivore-damaged neighboring plants-to affect metabolic responses in the tall goldenrod, Solidago altissima. We address the hypothesis that plants integrate the information available about competitors and herbivory to optimize metabolic responses to interacting stressors by exposing plants to the different types of environmental information in isolation and combination. We found strong interactions between the exposure to decreased R:FR light ratios and damage on the induction of secondary metabolites (volatile and non-volatile) in plants. Similarly, the perception of VOCs emitted from neighboring plants was altered by the simultaneous exposure to spectral cues from neighbors. These results suggest that plants integrate spectral and chemical environmental cues to change the production and perception of volatile and non-volatile compounds and highlight the role of plant context-dependent metabolic responses in mediating population and community dynamics.
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Juneja K, Beuerle T, Sircar D. Enhanced Accumulation of Biologically Active Coumarin and Furanocoumarins in Callus Culture and Field-grown Plants of Ruta chalepensis Through LED Light-treatment. Photochem Photobiol 2022; 98:1100-1109. [PMID: 35191044 DOI: 10.1111/php.13610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ruta chalepensis, a medicinal plant, produces biologically active coumarins (CRs) and furanocoumarins (FCRs). However, their yield is quite low in cultivated plants. In this work, the influence of light emitting diodes (LEDs) was investigated on the accumulation of CRs and FCRs in the callus cultures and field-grown plants of R. chalepensis. Among the various tested wavelengths of LED lights, maximum accumulation of CR and FCRs was recorded under blue LED treatment in both the callus cultures as well as field-grown plants as compared to respective controls treated with white LED. Metabolite analyses of LED-treated field-grown plants showed that highest concentrations of CR (umbelliferone, 2.8-fold), and FCRs (psoralen, 2.3-fold; xanthotoxin, 3.8-fold; bergapten, 1.16-fold) were accumulated upon blue LED-treatment for six days. CR and FCRs contents were also analyzed in the blue- and red-LED-treated in vitro callus tissue. Upon blue LED-treatment, callus accumulated significantly high levels of umbelliferone (48.6 ± 1.2 µg/g DW), psoralen (370.12 ± 10.6 µg/g DW) and xanthotoxin (10.16 ± 0.48 µg/g DW). These findings imply that blue LED-treatment is a viable option as a non-invasive and low-cost elicitation technology for the enhanced production of biologically active CR and FCRs in field-grown plants and callus cultures of R. chalepensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Juneja
- Plant Molecular Biology Group; Biosciences and Bioengineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand-247667, India
| | - Till Beuerle
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstrasse 1, D-38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Debabrata Sircar
- Plant Molecular Biology Group; Biosciences and Bioengineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand-247667, India
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Tang D, Huang Q, Wei K, Yang X, Wei F, Miao J. Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes and Pathways Involved in Growth and Development of Mesona chinensis Benth Under Red- and Blue-Light Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:761068. [PMID: 34899784 PMCID: PMC8656965 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.761068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesona chinensis Benth (MCB) is an important Chinese herbal medicine. The plant factories might be one of the ways to solve the shortage of MCB supply. In this study, the MCB seedlings were treated under the red (R) and blue (B) lights in the plant factory. Results showed that the red light promoted the growth and development of MCB in comparison with the blue light. Under the red-light condition, the biomass, plant height, and root characteristics were significantly higher than those under blue-light condition, while the soil and plant analyzer development (SPAD) under the red-light treatment was significantly lower than that under the blue-light treatment. Red light also significantly promoted the content of soluble sugar and pectin of MCB compared with blue light. Transcriptome analysis showed that a total of 4,165 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected including 2,034 upregulated and 2,131 downregulated. Of these, 1,112 DEGs including 410 upregulated and 702 downregulated genes were associated with 111 pathways. Moreover, a total of 8,723 differentially expressed transcription factors (TFs) were identified in R vs. B, and these TFs were distributed in 56 gene families. Metabonomic results revealed that a total of 184 metabolites and 99 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) (42 upregulated and 57 downregulated) were identified in the red- and blue-light treatments. Integrative analysis of transcriptome and metabolome unveiled that a total of 24 pathways included 70 compounds (metabolites) and were associated with 28 unigenes. In particular, these pathways included starch and sucrose metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, cysteine and methionine metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and pentose and glucuronate interconversions. The unigenes included asparagine synthetase (AS), thymidine kinase (TK), alpha, alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (TPS), phosphatase IMPL1 (IMPL1), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (D4R), and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase-like 6 (4CL6), bifunctional aspartokinase-homoserine dehydrogenase 1 (thrA), and abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase 2 isoform X1 (ABA8). It was indicated that these pathways and genes might play important roles in the growth and development of MCB. This study laid a foundation for the future research of MCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Tang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center of TCM Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Qinfen Huang
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center of TCM Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Kunhua Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center of TCM Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaonan Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center of TCM Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Fan Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center of TCM Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Jianhua Miao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center of TCM Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
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8
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Mauro ML, Bettini PP. Agrobacterium rhizogenes rolB oncogene: An intriguing player for many roles. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 165:10-18. [PMID: 34029941 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The rolB oncogene is one of the so-called rol genes found in the T-DNA region of the Agrobacterium rhizogenes Ri plasmid and involved in the hairy root syndrome, a tumour characterized by adventitious root overgrowth on plant stem. rolB produces in plants a peculiar phenotype that, together with its root-inducing capacity, has been connected to auxin sensitivity. The gene is able to modify the plant genetic programme to induce meristem cells and direct them to differentiate not only roots, but also other cells, tissues or organs. Besides its essential function in hairy root pathogenesis, the rolB role has been progressively extended to cover several physiological aspects in the transgenic plants: from secondary metabolites production and ROS inhibition, to abiotic and biotic stress tolerance and photosynthesis improvement. Some of the observed effects could be determined, at least in part, through microRNAs molecules, suggesting an epigenetic control rolB-mediated. These multifaceted capacities could allow plants to withstand adverse environmental conditions, enhancing fitness. In spite of this expanding knowledge, functional analyses did not detect yet any definitive rolB-derived biochemical product, even if more than one enzymatic activity has been ascribed to it. Moreover, phylogenetic and evolutionary studies evidenced no homology with any plant sequences but, otherwise, it belongs to the Plast family, a group of rolB-homologous bacterial genes. Finally, the finding of sequences similar to rolB in plants not infected by A. rhizogenes suggests a hypothetical plant origin for this gene, implying different possibilities about its evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Mauro
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy.
| | - Priscilla P Bettini
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019, Sesto f.no, FI, Italy.
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Das A, Begum K, Akhtar S, Ahmed R, Kulkarni R, Banu S. Genome-wide detection and classification of terpene synthase genes in Aquilaria agallochum. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:1711-1729. [PMID: 34539112 PMCID: PMC8405786 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01040-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Agarwood, one of the precious woods in the globe, is produced by Aquilaria plant species during an upshot of wounding and infection. Produced as a defence response, the dark, fragrant resin gets secreted in the plant's duramen, which is impregnated with fragrant molecules with the due course. Agarwood has gained worldwide popularity due to its high aromatic oil, fragrance, and pharmaceutical value, which makes it highly solicited by numerous industries. Predominant chemical constituents of agarwood, sesquiterpenoids, and 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones have been scrutinized to comprehend the scientific nature of the fragrant wood and develop novel products. However, the genes involved in the biosynthesis of these aromatic compounds are still not comprehensively studied in Aquilaria. In this study, publicly available genomic and transcriptomics data of Aquilaria agallochum were integrated to identify putative functional terpene synthase genes (TPSs). The in silico study enabled us to identify ninety-six TPSs, of which thirty-nine full-length genes were systematically classified into TPS-a, TPS-b, TPS-c, TPS-e, TPS-f, and TPS-g subfamilies based on their gene structure, conserve motif, and phylogenetic comparison with TPSs from other plant species. Analysis of the cis-regulatory elements present upstream of AaTPSs revealed their association with hormone, stress and light responses. In silico expression studies detected their up-regulation in stress induced tissue. This study provides a basic understanding of terpene synthase gene repertoire in Aquilaria agallochum and unlatches opportunities for the biochemical characterization and biotechnological exploration of these genes. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-01040-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Das
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam 781014 India
| | - Khaleda Begum
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam 781014 India
| | - Suraiya Akhtar
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam 781014 India
| | - Raja Ahmed
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam 781014 India
| | - Ram Kulkarni
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Lavale, Pune, India
| | - Sofia Banu
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam 781014 India
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Yap ESP, Uthairatanakij A, Laohakunjit N, Jitareerat P, Vaswani A, Magana AA, Morre J, Maier CS. Plant growth and metabolic changes in 'Super Hot' chili fruit (Capsicum annuum) exposed to supplemental LED lights. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 305:110826. [PMID: 33691960 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) of different colors improve plant growth and increase levels of secondary metabolites. This study aimed to determine the effect of red, blue, and red + blue LEDs (1:1) on the secondary metabolites composition in chili, focusing on capsaicinoids, at the top and middle of the plant canopy in 'Super Hot' chili. The accumulated yield of the chili fruit was the highest for control, followed by blue, red and red + blue LEDs, with the top canopy giving twice more yield than the middle canopy. UPLC-MS/MS analysis of chili fruit's methanolic extracts was used to determine capsaicinoids levels. Blue LEDs significantly increased nordihydrocapsaicin, capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, homocapsaicin and homodihydrocapsaicin contents by 57 %, 43 %, 56 %, 28 %, and 54 %, respectively, compared to the control. Also, 24 tentatively annotated metabolites, including phenylalanine, cinnamate, and valine, which are involved in the biosynthesis of capsaicinoids, were semi-quantitatively evaluated to determine the impact of LED exposure on the biosynthetic pathway of capsaicinoids. Supplemental blue LED placed at the top and between the canopy may boost the levels of capsaicinoids in chili fruit grown in greenhouses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Shiau Ping Yap
- Division of Postharvest Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (Bangkhuntien), 49 Tientalay 25, Thakam, Bangkhuntien, Bangkok 10150, Thailand.
| | - Apiradee Uthairatanakij
- Division of Postharvest Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (Bangkhuntien), 49 Tientalay 25, Thakam, Bangkhuntien, Bangkok 10150, Thailand.
| | - Natta Laohakunjit
- Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (Bangkhuntien), 49 Tientalay 25, Thakam, Bangkhuntien, Bangkok 10150, Thailand.
| | - Pongphen Jitareerat
- Division of Postharvest Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (Bangkhuntien), 49 Tientalay 25, Thakam, Bangkhuntien, Bangkok 10150, Thailand.
| | - Ashish Vaswani
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Armando Alcazar Magana
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Jeffrey Morre
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Claudia S Maier
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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Li H, Ye W, Wang Y, Chen X, Fang Y, Sun G. RNA sequencing-based exploration of the effects of far-red light on lncRNAs involved in the shade-avoidance response of D. officinale. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10769. [PMID: 33614278 PMCID: PMC7883695 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrobium officinale (D. officinale) is a valuable medicinal plant with a low natural survival rate, and its shade-avoidance response to far-red light is as an important strategy used by the plant to improve its production efficiency. However, the lncRNAs that play roles in the shade-avoidance response of D. officinale have not yet been investigated. This study found that an appropriate proportion of far-red light can have several effects, including increasing the leaf area and accelerating stem elongation, in D. officinale. The effects of different far-red light treatments on D. officinale were analysed by RNA sequencing technology, and a total of 69 and 78 lncRNAs were differentially expressed in experimental group 1 (FR1) versus the control group (CK) (FR1-CK) and in experimental group 4 (FR4) versus the CK (FR4-CK), respectively. According to GO and KEGG analyses, most of the differentially expressed lncRNA targets are involved in the membrane, some metabolic pathways, hormone signal transduction, and O-methyltransferase activity, among other functions. Physiological and biochemical analyses showed that far-red light promoted the accumulation of flavonoids, alkaloids, carotenoids and polysaccharides in D. officinale. The effect of far-red light on D. officinalemight be closely related to the cell membrane and Ca2+ transduction. Based on a Cytoscape analysis and previous research, this study also found that MSTRG.38867.1, MSTRG.69319.1, and MSTRG.66273.1, among other components, might participate in the far-red light signalling network through their targets and thus regulate the shade-avoidance response of D. officinale. These findings will provide new insights into the shade-avoidance response of D. officinale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansheng Li
- College of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming, China
| | - Wei Ye
- The Institute of Medicinal Plant, Sanming Academy of Agricultural Science, Shaxian, China
| | - Yaqian Wang
- College of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan Fang
- College of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming, China
| | - Gang Sun
- College of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming, China
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12
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Zhang S, Zhang L, Zou H, Qiu L, Zheng Y, Yang D, Wang Y. Effects of Light on Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis in Medicinal Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:781236. [PMID: 34956277 PMCID: PMC8702564 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.781236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites (SMs) found in medicinal plants are one of main sources of drugs, cosmetics, and health products. With the increase in demand for these bioactive compounds, improving the content and yield of SMs in medicinal plants has become increasingly important. The content and distribution of SMs in medicinal plants are closely related to environmental factors, especially light. In recent years, artificial light sources have been used in controlled environments for the production and conservation of medicinal germplasm. Therefore, it is essential to elucidate how light affects the accumulation of SMs in different plant species. Here, we systematically summarize recent advances in our understanding of the regulatory roles of light quality, light intensity, and photoperiod in the biosynthesis of three main types of SMs (polyphenols, alkaloids, and terpenoids), and the underlying mechanisms. This article provides a detailed overview of the role of light signaling pathways in SM biosynthesis, which will further promote the application of artificial light sources in medicinal plant production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuncang Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Zou
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lin Qiu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Zheng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dongfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Dongfeng Yang,
| | - Youping Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Youping Wang,
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Yeow LC, Chew BL, Sreeramanan S. Elevation of secondary metabolites production through light-emitting diodes (LEDs) illumination in protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) of Dendrobium hybrid orchid rich in phytochemicals with therapeutic effects. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 27:e00497. [PMID: 32695616 PMCID: PMC7365977 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry revealed the presence of various bioactive compounds with anticancer properties in protocorm-like-body (PLB) cultures of a Dendrobium hybrid orchid (Dendrobium Enopi x Dendrobium Pink Lady). Pre-illumination of red fluorescent light lessened the stimulating effects of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on secondary metabolites production among in vitro PLB cultures, possibly due to habituation. The highest flavonoid content of 16.79 μmol/ g of fresh weight (FW) was achieved under blue-red (1:1) LED for PLBs pre-treated with white LED for more than 3 subculture cycles. Phenolics content significantly reduced as PLBs pre-cultured under red fluorescent light for 2 subculture cycles were exposed to LED illuminations, where far red LED resulted in the lowest total phenolic content (18.85 μmol/ g FW). High intensity green LED (16.9 μmol/s) enhanced the accumulation of phenolics while amino acids such as L-leucine, glycine and proline exhibited no significant stimulating effect for secondary metabolites production.
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Key Words
- Bioactive compounds
- DDMP, 4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl
- GCMS, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
- GSH, Reduced glutathione
- Habituation
- LED, Light-emitting diode
- Light-emitting diodes
- NF-KB, Nuclear factor kappa B
- PAL, Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase
- PLB, Protocorm-like bodies
- Phenolics
- Protocorm-like-body
- ROS, Reactive oxygen species
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Affiliation(s)
- Lit Chow Yeow
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11700 Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Bee Lynn Chew
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11700 Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Subramaniam Sreeramanan
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11700 Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11900 Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia
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Khurshid R, Ullah MA, Tungmunnithum D, Drouet S, Shah M, Zaeem A, Hameed S, Hano C, Abbasi BH. Lights triggered differential accumulation of antioxidant and antidiabetic secondary metabolites in callus culture of Eclipta alba L. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233963. [PMID: 32530961 PMCID: PMC7292357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Eclipta alba L., also known as false daisy, is well known and commercially attractive plant with excellent hepatotoxic and antidiabetic activities. Light is considered a key modulator in plant morphogenesis and survival by regulating important physiological cascades. Current study was carried out to investigate growth and developmental aspects of E. alba under differential effect of multispectral lights. In vitro derived callus culture of E. alba was exposed to multispectral monochromatic lights under controlled aseptic conditions. Maximum dry weight was recorded in culture grown under red light (11.2 g/L) whereas negative effect was observed under exposure of yellow light on callus growth (4.87 g/L). Furthermore, red light significantly enhanced phenolics and flavonoids content (TPC: 57.8 mg/g, TFC: 11.1 mg/g) in callus cultures compared to rest of lights. HPLC analysis further confirmed highest accumulation of four major compounds i.e. coumarin (1.26 mg/g), eclalbatin (5.00 mg/g), wedelolactone (32.54 mg/g) and demethylwedelolactone (23.67 mg/g) and two minor compounds (β-amyrin: 0.38 mg/g, luteolin: 0.39 mg/g) in red light treated culture whereas stigmasterol was found optimum (0.22 mg/g) under blue light. In vitro based biological activities including antioxidant, antidiabetic and lipase inhibitory assays showed optimum values in cultures exposed to red light, suggesting crucial role of these phytochemicals in the enhancement of the therapeutic potential of E. alba. These results clearly revealed that the use of multispectral lights in in vitro cultures could be an effective strategy for enhanced production of phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razia Khurshid
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Duangjai Tungmunnithum
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRA USC1328, Université d’Orléans, Orléans, France
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Rajathevi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Samantha Drouet
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRA USC1328, Université d’Orléans, Orléans, France
- COSM’ACTIFS, Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, CNRS GDR3711, Orléans, France
| | - Muzamil Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Afifa Zaeem
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Safia Hameed
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRA USC1328, Université d’Orléans, Orléans, France
- COSM’ACTIFS, Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, CNRS GDR3711, Orléans, France
| | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
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15
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Silva TD, Batista DS, Fortini EA, Castro KMD, Felipe SHS, Fernandes AM, Sousa RMDJ, Chagas K, Silva JVSD, Correia LNDF, Farias LM, Leite JPV, Rocha DI, Otoni WC. Blue and red light affects morphogenesis and 20-hydroxyecdisone content of in vitro Pfaffia glomerata accessions. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 203:111761. [PMID: 31896050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The combination of different colors from light-emitting diodes (LEDs) may influence growth and production of secondary metabolites in plants. In the present study, the effect of light quality on morphophysiology and content of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), a phytoecdysteroid, was evaluated in accessions of an endangered medicinal species, Pfaffia glomerata, grown in vitro. Two accessions (Ac22 and Ac43) were cultured in vitro under three different ratios of red (R) and blue (B) LEDs: (i) 1R:1B, (ii) 1R:3B, and (iii) 3R:1B. An equal ratio of red and blue light (1R:1B) increased biomass accumulation, anthocyanin content, and 20E production (by 30-40%). Moreover, 1R:1B treatment increased the size of vascular bundles and vessel elements, as well as strengthened xylem lignification and thickening of the cell wall of shoots. The 1R:3B treatment induced the highest photosynthetic and electron transport rates and enhanced the activity of oxidative stress-related enzymes. Total Chl content, Chl/Car ratio, and NPQ varied more by accession type than by light source. Spectral quality affected primary metabolism differently in each accession. Specifically, in Ac22 plants, fructose content was higher under 1R:1B and 1R:3B treatments, whereas starch accumulation was higher under 1R:3B, and sucrose under 3R:1B. In Ac43 plants, sugars were not influenced by light spectral quality, but starch content was higher under 3R:1B conditions. In conclusion, red and blue LEDs enhance biomass and 20E production in P. glomerata grown in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Dulcineia Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Diego Silva Batista
- Departamento de Agricultura, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus III, Bananeiras, PB, Brazil
| | | | - Kamila Motta de Castro
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda Mendes Fernandes
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Kristhiano Chagas
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Letícia Monteiro Farias
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Viana Leite
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Diego Ismael Rocha
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Jataí, GO, Brazil
| | - Wagner Campos Otoni
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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DNA Methylation of Farnesyl Pyrophosphate Synthase, Squalene Synthase, and Squalene Epoxidase Gene Promoters and Effect on the Saponin Content of Eleutherococcus Senticosus. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10121053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Eleutherococcus senticosus (Ruper. et Maxim.) Maxim is a traditional Chinese medicine. The saponin components of E. senticosus have several biological effects, including reduction of blood lipids; protection against liver, heart, and vascular disease; and antitumor activity. The DNA methylation of E. senticosus farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPS), squalene synthase (SS), and squalene epoxidase (SE) gene promoters and the mechanism of the influence of these enzymes on saponin synthesis and accumulation in E. senticosus were explored using bisulfite sequencing technology, real-time PCR, the vanillin-concentrated sulfuric acid chromogenic method, and LC-MS. There are 19 DNA methylation sites and 8 methylation types in the FPS gene. The SS gene has nine DNA methylation sites and two DNA methylation types. The SE gene has 16 DNA methylation sites and 7 methylation types. The total saponin content in the high and low DNA methylation groups were 1.07 ± 0.12 and 2.92 ± 0.32 mg/g, respectively. Statistical analysis indicated that the gene expression of the FPS, SS, and SE genes was significantly positively correlated with the saponin content (p < 0.05), and that the methylation ratio was significantly negatively correlated with the saponin content (p < 0.01), while the expression of the SS and SE genes was significantly positively correlated (p < 0.01). A total of 488 metabolites were detected from E. senticosus and 100 different metabolites were screened out by extensive targeted metabolomics. The amount of most metabolites related to the mevalonate pathway was higher in the low DNA methylation group than in the high DNA methylation group. It was demonstrated that there are DNA methylation sites in the promoter regions of the FPS, SS, and SE genes of E. senticosus, and DNA methylation in this region could significantly inhibit synthesis in the mevalonate pathway, thus reducing the content of the final product E. senticosus saponin.
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17
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Comprehensive Transcriptome Analysis Revealed the Effects of the Light Quality, Light Intensity, and Photoperiod on Phlorizin Accumulation in Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10110995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd. is an important medicinal plant species grown in southern China, with phlorizin as its main active substance. The effects of light conditions on phlorizin biosynthesis in L. polystachyus remain unclear. Thus, we analyzed the transcriptomes of L. polystachyus plants cultivated under diverse light qualities, light intensities, and photoperiods. The light treatments resulted in 5977–8027 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were functionally annotated based on the gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. Genes encoding transcription factors from 89 families were differentially expressed after the light treatments, implying these transcription factors are photoresponsive. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL) are the key enzymes for the accumulation of phlorizin. The transcription levels of PAL2, PAL, 4CL1 (DN121614), 4CLL7, and 4CL1 (DN102161) were positively correlated with phlorizin accumulation, suggesting that these genes are important for phlorizin biosynthesis. An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography method was used to quantify the phlorizin content. Phlorizin accumulated in response to the green light treatment and following appropriate decreases in the light intensity or appropriate increases in the duration of the light exposure. The green light, 2000 lx, and 3000 lx treatments increased the PAL activity of L. polystachyus, but the regulatory effects of the light intensity treatments on PAL activity were relatively weak. This study represents the first comprehensive analysis of the light-induced transcriptome of L. polystachyus. The study results may form the basis of future studies aimed at elucidating the molecular mechanism underlying phlorizin biosynthesis in L. polystachyus. Moreover, this study may be relevant for clarifying the regulatory effects of light on the abundance of bioactive components in medicinal plants.
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Boonsnongcheep P, Sae-Foo W, Banpakoat K, Channarong S, Chitsaithan S, Uafua P, Putha W, Kerdsiri K, Putalun W. Artificial color light sources and precursor feeding enhance plumbagin production of the carnivorous plants Drosera burmannii and Drosera indica. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 199:111628. [PMID: 31610432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Plumbagin is the main pharmacologically active compound of carnivorous plants in the genera Drosera. It possesses various pharmacological activities, including anticancer and antimalarial activities, and is used in traditional medicine. In this study, we reported a sustainable production system of plumbagin by adding sodium acetate and L-alanine as precursors to in vitro cultures of Drosera burmannii Vahl and Drosera indica L. In addition, plumbagin production was reported in the cultures subjected to different color LED lights. The highest plumbagin level (aerial part 14.625 ± 1.007 mg·g-1 DW and root part 1.806 ± 0.258 mg·g-1 DW) was observed in D. indica cultured under blue LED light for 14 days, and further culturing did not increase plumbagin production. In addition, plumbagin enhancement by precursor feeding (9.850 ± 0.250 mg·g-1 DW, 1.2-fold) was observed in the aerial part of D. indica treated with 50 mg·L-1 sodium acetate for 3 days. Comparing both plants, up to 700-fold higher plumbagin was observed in D. indica than in D. burmannii. Moreover, in both plants, the aerial part accumulated higher plumbagin (up to 10-fold) than the roots. This is the first report on the effect of artificial LED lights on the plumbagin level of Dorsera plants. The culturing of D. indica under blue LED light showed enhanced plumbagin levels and suggests a fast and simple system for the in vitro production of plumbagin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panitch Boonsnongcheep
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Research Group for Pharmaceutical Activities of Natural Products using Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (PANPB), National Research University, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Worapol Sae-Foo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Kanpawee Banpakoat
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Suwaphat Channarong
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sukanda Chitsaithan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Pornpimon Uafua
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wattika Putha
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Kanchanok Kerdsiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Waraporn Putalun
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Research Group for Pharmaceutical Activities of Natural Products using Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (PANPB), National Research University, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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Li H, Chen X, Wang Y, Yao D, Lin Y, Lai Z. Exploration of the effect of blue light on microRNAs involved in the accumulation of functional metabolites of longan embryonic calli through RNA-sequencing. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:1533-1547. [PMID: 30142690 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The regulation of functional metabolites under light by structural genes and regulatory genes is understood but the roles of microRNAs in this pathway have rarely been reported and their regulation network is not yet clear. RESULTS Blue light was most conducive to promoting the synthesis of some functional metabolites in longan embryonic callus (ECs). In this study, we sequenced three small RNA libraries of constructed longan ECs under different light qualities (dark, blue, and white). A total of 29 and 22 miRNAs were differentially expressed in the dark versus blue (DB) and dark versus white (DW) combinations, respectively. According to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, most of the differentially expressed miRNA target genes were involved in plant hormone signal transduction, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and so on. Cytoscape analysis of the target genes of miRNAs indicated that miR396b-5p and miR5139 had the most target genes in DB. Moreover, this study also found that miR171f_3 targeted DELLA, miR390e targeted BRI1, miR396b-5p targeted EBF1/2 and EIN3; these miRNAs participated in the blue light signaling network through their target genes and regulated the accumulation of longan functional metabolites. CONCLUSIONS The results of the study revealed that the expressions of phase-specific miRNAs vary with the change of functional metabolites in longan ECs. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms that allow light to influence plant metabolism. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansheng Li
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Deheng Yao
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuling Lin
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhongxiong Lai
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Hao DC, Xiao PG. Deep in shadows: Epigenetic and epigenomic regulations of medicinal plants. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Younas M, Drouet S, Nadeem M, Giglioli-Guivarc'h N, Hano C, Abbasi BH. Differential accumulation of silymarin induced by exposure of Silybum marianum L. callus cultures to several spectres of monochromatic lights. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 184:61-70. [PMID: 29803074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Silybum marianum L. (Milk thistle) is one of the most extensively studied medicinal herbs with well-known hepatoprotective activity. Light is considered as a key abiotic elicitor influencing several physiological processes in plants, including the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. In this study, we investigated the influence of light quality on morphological and biochemical aspects in in vitro grown leaf-derived callus cultures of S. marianum. Combination of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP 2.5 mg/L) and α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA 1.0 mg/L) resulted in optimum callogenic response (97%) when placed under cool-white light with 16 h light and 8 h dark. Red light significantly increased the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities while highest peroxidase (POD) activity was recorded for the dark grown cultures, followed by green light grown cultures. HPLC analysis revealed enhanced total silymarin content under red light (18.67 mg/g DW), which was almost double than control (9.17 mg/g DW). Individually, the level of silychristin, isosilychristin, silydianin, silybin A and silybin B were found greatest under red light, whereas green spectrum resulted in highest accumulation of isosilybin A and isosilybin B. Conversely, the amount of taxifolin was found maximum under continuous white light (0.480 mg/g DW) which was almost 8-fold greater than control (0.063 mg/g DW). A positive correlation was found between the TPC, TFC and antioxidant activities. This study will assist in comprehending the influence of light quality on production of valuable secondary metabolites in in vitro cultures of S. marianum L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Younas
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Samantha Drouet
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), Plant Lignans Team, UPRES EA 1207 INRA USC1328, Université d'Orléans, F 28000 Chartres, France
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | | | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), Plant Lignans Team, UPRES EA 1207 INRA USC1328, Université d'Orléans, F 28000 Chartres, France
| | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), Plant Lignans Team, UPRES EA 1207 INRA USC1328, Université d'Orléans, F 28000 Chartres, France; EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France.
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Li H, Lin Y, Chen X, Bai Y, Wang C, Xu X, Wang Y, Lai Z. Effects of blue light on flavonoid accumulation linked to the expression of miR393, miR394 and miR395 in longan embryogenic calli. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191444. [PMID: 29381727 PMCID: PMC5790225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
While flavonoid metabolism’s regulation under light conditions by structural genes and transcription factors is understood, the roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in this pathway have been rarely reported. In this paper, the accurate control of light was firstly enabled through the specially designed plant growth chamber which ensures consistency and accuracy of the cultivation of longan ECs and the repeatability of the experiments. Then, longan ECs were cultured in this chamber for 25 days. The change of growth rate of longan ECs was compared under different light qualities (dark, blue, green, white, green), intensities (16, 32, 64, 128, 256 μmol ·m-2 ·s-1), and durations (8 h, 12 h, 16 h, 20h, 24h). Results indicated that longan ECs had a high growth rate in the condition of blue or green light, at intensity ranged from 16 μmol·m-2·s-1 to 64 μmol·m-2·s-1, and duration from 8 h to 16 h. In addition, the contents of total flavonoids, rutin, and epicatechin were determined. Results indicated that flavonoid contents of longan ECs reached the highest value under blue light, at 32 μmol·m-2·s-1 and 12h/d. Blue light promoted the accumulation of epicatechin, but inhibited the synthesis of rutin. Finally, the expressions of flavonoid pathway genes, miRNAs and target genes were analyzed by qPCR. These results indicated that miR393 and its target gene DlTIR1-3, miR394 and its target gene DlAlMT12, and miR395 and its target gene DlAPS1 had a negative regulating relationship under blue light in longan ECs. Furthermore, miR393, miR394, and miR395 acted on target genes, which negatively regulated flavonoid key genes DlFLS and positively regulated key genes DlCHS, DlCHI, DlF3′H, DlDFR, DlLAR, and finally affected the accumulation of flavonoids. The treatment of longan ECs under the blue light at the intensity of 32 μmol·m-2·s-1 for 12 h/d inhibited the expression of miR393, miR394 and miR395, which promoted the expression of target genes and the accumulation of flavonoids and epicatechin, but inhibited the synthesis of rutin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansheng Li
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yuling Lin
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Congqiao Wang
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoping Xu
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhongxiong Lai
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- * E-mail:
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Integrated RNA-seq and sRNA-seq analysis reveals miRNA effects on secondary metabolism in Solanum tuberosum L. Mol Genet Genomics 2016; 292:37-52. [PMID: 27679507 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-016-1253-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Light is a major environmental factor that affects metabolic pathways and stimulates the production of secondary metabolites in potato. However, adaptive changes in potato metabolic pathways and physiological functions triggered by light are partly explained by gene expression changes. Regulation of secondary metabolic pathways in potato has been extensively studied at transcriptional level, but little is known about the mechanisms of post-transcriptional regulation by miRNAs. To identify light-responsive miRNAs/mRNAs and construct putative metabolism pathways regulated by the miRNA-mRNA pairs, an integrated omics (sRNAome and transcriptome) analysis was performed to potato under light stimulus. A total of 31 and 48 miRNAs were identified to be differentially expressed in the leaves and tubers, respectively. Among the DEGs, 1353 genes in the leaves and 1841 genes in the tubers were upregulated, while 1595 genes in the leaves and 897 genes in the tubers were downregulated by light. Mapman enrichment analyses showed that genes related to MVA pathway, alkaloids-like, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, and carotenoids metabolism were significantly upregulated, while genes associated with major CHO metabolism were repressed in the leaves and tubers. Integrated miRNA and mRNA profiles revealed that light-responsive miRNAs are important regulators in alkaloids metabolism, UMP salvage, lipid biosynthesis, and cellulose catabolism. Moreover, several miRNAs may participate in glycoalkaloids metabolism via JA signaling pathway, UDP-glucose biosynthesis and hydroxylation reaction. This study provides a global view of miRNA and mRNA expression profiles in potato response to light, our results suggest that miRNAs might play important roles in secondary metabolic pathways, especially in glycoalkaloid biosynthesis. The findings will enlighten us on the genetic regulation of secondary metabolite pathways and pave the way for future application of genetically engineered potato.
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Statistical experimental designs for the production of secondary metabolites in plant cell suspension cultures. Biotechnol Lett 2016; 38:2007-2014. [PMID: 27623794 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-016-2206-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Statistical experimental designs, also known as the "design of experiments" (DoE) approach, are widely used to improve not only technical processes but also to answer questions in the agricultural, medical and social sciences. Although many articles have been published about the application of DoE in these fields, few studies have addressed the use of DoE in the plant sciences, particularly in the context of plant cell suspension cultures (PCSCs). Compounds derived from PCSCs can be developed as pharmaceuticals, chemical feedstocks and cosmetic ingredients, and statistical experimental designs can be used to improve the productivity of the cells and the yield and/or quality of the target compounds in a cost efficient manner. In this article, we summarize recent findings concerning the application of statistical approaches to improve the performance of PCSCs and discuss the potential future applications of this approach.
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Cucurbitacin E induces caspase-dependent apoptosis and protective autophagy mediated by ROS in lung cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 253:1-9. [PMID: 27106530 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cucurbitacin E (CuE) is a triterpenoid with potent anticancer activities while the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In the present study, the anticancer effects of CuE on 95D lung cancer cells were investigated. CuE decreased cell viability, inhibited colony formation, and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a concentration-dependent manner, which were reversed by N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC). CuE induced apoptosis as determined by JC-1 staining, expression of Bcl-2 family proteins, cleavage of caspases, and TUNEL staining. NAC and Ac-DEVD-CHO partially reversed CuE-induced cleavage of caspase-3, caspase-7, and PARP. Furthermore, CuE caused accumulation of autophagic vacuoles and concentration- and time-dependent expression of LC3II protein. Autophagy inhibitors chloroquine and bafilomycin A1 enhanced CuE-induced LC3II expression and cell death. CuE-triggered protein expression of p-AKT, p-mTOR, Beclin-1, and p-ULK1 was partially reversed by NAC pretreatment. In addition, CuE treatment damaged F-actin without affecting β-tubulin as confirmed by immunofluorescence. In conclusion, CuE induced ROS-dependent apoptosis through Bcl-2 family and caspases in 95D lung cancer cells. Furthermore, CuE induced protective autophagy mediated by ROS through AKT/mTOR pathway. This study provides novel roles of ROS in the anticancer effect of CuE.
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Korinek M, Wagh VD, Lo IW, Hsu YM, Hsu HY, Hwang TL, Wu YC, Cheng YB, Chen BH, Chang FR. Antiallergic Phorbol Ester from the Seeds of Aquilaria malaccensis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:398. [PMID: 27007372 PMCID: PMC4813253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Aquilaria malaccensis (Thymelaeaceae) tree is a source of precious fragrant resin, called agarwood, which is widely used in traditional medicines in East Asia against diseases such as asthma. In our continuous search for active natural products, A. malaccensis seeds ethanolic extract demonstrated antiallergic effect with an IC50 value less than 1 µg/mL. Therefore, the present research aimed to purify and identify the antiallergic principle of A. malaccensis through a bioactivity-guided fractionation approach. We found that phorbol ester-rich fraction was responsible for the antiallergic activity of A. malaccensis seeds. One new active phorbol ester, 12-O-(2Z,4E,6E)-tetradeca-2,4,6-trienoylphorbol-13-acetate, aquimavitalin (1) was isolated. The structure of 1 was assigned by means of 1D and 2D NMR data and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS). Aquimavitalin (1) showed strong inhibitory activity in A23187- and antigen-induced degranulation assay with IC50 values of 1.7 and 11 nM, respectively, with a therapeutic index up to 71,000. The antiallergic activities of A. malaccensis seeds and aquimavitalin (1) have never been revealed before. The results indicated that A. malaccensis seeds and the pure compound have the potential for use in the treatment of allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Korinek
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Vitthal D Wagh
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - I-Wen Lo
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ming Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Hsue-Yin Hsu
- Department of Life Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Yuan-Bin Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Bing-Hung Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
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