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Longhini J, Ambrosi E, Filippi M, Evilio L, Canzan F. How do undergraduate nursing students learn to care for families and informal caregivers? A qualitative study with a grounded theory approach. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2024; 141:106332. [PMID: 39102767 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2024.106332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses play a crucial role in caring for families of ill individuals in care, requiring high-quality relational and communication skills to care for them. Yet these skills remain underutilized, leading to reported issues of inadequate inclusion and communication. Education is crucial to enhance nurses' competencies in caring for families and informal caregivers. AIM To explore the learning process of undergraduate nursing students to care for families and informal caregivers. DESIGN Qualitative study with a grounded theory approach. SETTINGS Bachelor's degree in nursing from two off-sites of a university and four local health units collaborating with the university in North Italy. PARTICIPANTS 15 undergraduate nursing students, 10 nurse preceptors, and 10 nurse clinical teachers. METHODS We adopted initial and theoretical sampling and conducted semi-structured interviews from December 2023 to January 2024, lasting 16 to 62 min. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed through open, selective, and theoretical coding. RESULTS We developed a theory of learning for undergraduate nursing students in caring for families and informal caregivers, comprising two themes, "Learning areas" and "Learning antecedents," and nine categories. Learning areas involve five stages of learning to care for families and informal caregivers and the most frequent opportunities to interact with families and informal caregivers. The five stages are "Seeing and considering families and informal caregivers", "Assessing the families' and informal caregivers' needs and resources", "Preparing for and planning intervention with families and informal caregivers", "Acting with families and informal caregivers", "Reflecting on the intervention with families and informal caregivers". Learning antecedents encompass student characteristics, interpersonal relationships, and the clinical training setting. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we delineate a five-stage learning process for undergraduate nursing students to care for families and informal caregivers, influenced by individual, interpersonal, and contextual factors. We emphasised the importance of relational skill development, tailored learning experiences, and supportive mentorship in enhancing students' preparedness to engage with and support families in healthcare settings. The developed theory provides a foundational framework for designing educational interventions to optimise nursing students' capacities in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Longhini
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health University of Verona Italy, Italy.
| | - Elisa Ambrosi
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health University of Verona Italy, Italy
| | | | | | - Federica Canzan
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health University of Verona Italy, Italy
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Brady S, Patskanick T, Coughlin JF. An Intersectional Approach to Understanding the Psychological Health Effects of Combining Work and Parental Caregiving. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2024; 79:gbae042. [PMID: 38518119 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbae042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Role theory suggests occupying simultaneous family caregiving and employment roles in midlife may exert positive and negative effects on psychological health. However, there is a lack of causal evidence examining the degree to which combinations of these roles influence psychological health at the intersection of gender and racial identity. METHODS Longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study (2004-2018) are used to estimate a series of individual fixed effects models examining combinations of employment status and parental caregiving situation on Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) depression scores among Black and White men and women aged 50-65. Subsequent models were stratified by intensity of caregiving situation and work schedule. RESULTS Individual fixed effects models demonstrate combining work, and parental caregiving is associated with greater depressive symptoms than only working, and with lower depressive symptoms than only caregiving, suggesting that paid employment exerts a protective effect on psychological health whereas parental caregiving may be a risk factor for depressive symptoms in later life. Analyses using an intersectional lens found that combining paid work with parental caregiving exerted a protective effect on CES-D scores among White women and men regardless of participants' intensity of care situation or work schedule. This effect was not present for Black men and women. DISCUSSION Accounting for intersectionality is imperative to research on family caregiving, work, and psychological health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Brady
- MIT AgeLab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Sociology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Taylor Patskanick
- MIT AgeLab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph F Coughlin
- MIT AgeLab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Brady S. New Role, New Paycheck: The Impact on Women's Wages When Becoming a Caregiver for an Aging Parent. Res Aging 2024; 46:197-209. [PMID: 37977132 DOI: 10.1177/01640275231217297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: While prior research demonstrates the negative impacts of adult caregiving on women's employment, less research examines how women's employment changes when beginning a new caregiving role. Methods: Using data from eight waves of the Health and Retirement Study (2004-2018), I examine changes in women's employment when first transitioning into parental caregiving between the ages of 50-60, by analyzing changes in labor force participation, work hours, and hourly wages. Results: The transition into parental caregiving was not associated with women exiting the workforce or decreasing their work hours. However, caregivers did experience a decrease in inflation-adjusted hourly wages compared to non-caregivers, with the greatest wage penalties associated with high-intensity caregiving situations. Conclusion: Results demonstrate how parental caregiving may act as a shock to women's financial health at a critical career stage. This study highlights the less visible, but detrimental, financial consequences women experience when taking on a family caregiving role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Brady
- Department of Sociology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- AgeLab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Shankaranarayana AM, Pattan YS, Hegde N, Natarajan M, Pai AR, Nayak R, Solomon JM. Activity monitoring of stroke patients by physiotherapist and caregivers in a hospital setting: A pilot study. F1000Res 2023; 11:1227. [PMID: 37954409 PMCID: PMC10638484 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.124675.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Activity monitoring is a necessary technique to ensure stroke survivors' activity levels in the hospital are within optimal levels as this is important for enhanced motor recovery. However, this could be time-consuming for healthcare professionals like physiotherapists. Activity monitoring by caregivers could be an alternate option. Therefore, our aim was to compare the activity monitoring of stroke survivors by caregivers and physiotherapists during early phase in a hospital setting. Methods An observation study was carried out in the neuroscience ward in a tertiary care hospital among 17 stroke survivors. Physiotherapist and caregivers were instructed to use an activity log chart that was developed during previous research conducted by the same authors for observing the activities performed by the patients every 15 minutes from 8 AM to 5 PM across one day. Data collected were analysed using Stata 15. Kappa statistics were carried out to determine the agreement of the observations between the two raters. Results A total of 10 male and seven female caregivers of stroke survivors with a mean age of 40.11 ± 9.2 years and a trained physiotherapist participated in the study. A total of 272 observations of caregivers were in agreement with that of the physiotherapist. Inter-rater Kappa statistics showed 60% agreement between the physiotherapist and the caregivers (p<0.05). Conclusions There was moderate agreement between the physiotherapist and caregiver for activity monitoring of stroke survivors. This suggests behavioural mapping by caregivers may be a potential alternative solution in healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorva M. Shankaranarayana
- Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Yakub Sameerkhan Pattan
- Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Nikhil Hegde
- Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Manikandan Natarajan
- Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
- Centre for Comprehensive Stroke Rehabilitation and Research, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Aparna R. Pai
- Department of Neurology, Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Raghavendra Nayak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - John M. Solomon
- Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
- Centre for Comprehensive Stroke Rehabilitation and Research, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
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Lowers J, Zhao D, Bollens-Lund E, Kavalieratos D, Ornstein KA. Solo but Not Alone: An Examination of Social and Help Networks among Community-Dwelling Older Adults without Close Family. J Appl Gerontol 2023; 42:419-426. [PMID: 36314463 PMCID: PMC9957792 DOI: 10.1177/07334648221135588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates help sources for personal and health tasks of adults living in the community without a spouse or nearby children. Using data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), a nationally representative sample of Medicare beneficiaries ages 65 and over, we conducted a population-based study of 2998 community-dwelling adults who received assistance with personal, household, or medical tasks in the past month. Using ANOVA, we compared adults aging solo to those with spouses at home and/or children in the same state. Adults aging solo were significantly more likely to identify non-child/spouse family, friends, neighbors and paid aides as part of their social networks. Their sources of unpaid help included siblings (33%), friends (32%), and non-family (e.g., neighbors (23%)). Adults aging solo were more likely to use paid caregivers, despite having lower incomes than married peers. Interventions to support adults aging solo should incorporate diverse social/help networks.
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Michaels J, Chen C, Ann Meeker M. Navigating the caregiving abyss: A metasynthesis of how family caregivers manage end-of-life care for older adults at home. Palliat Med 2022; 36:81-94. [PMID: 34477025 DOI: 10.1177/02692163211042999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Demographic changes (global aging, decreased fertility, increased home deaths) will present a critical need for end-of-life family caregivers of older adults at home. In order to support these family caregivers, we need to better understand their experiences, struggles, and needs. AIM To describe and explain the process of end-of-life caregiving as experienced by family caregivers of older adults residing in the home setting. DESIGN The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Metaanalysis (PRISMA) guidelines and Sandelowski and Barroso's procedural steps for a metasynthesis review guided this study. DATA SOURCES Qualitative and mixed methods literature from CINAHL, Medline, PsycINFO, and EMBASE databases and information from professional organizations were reviewed for studies that focused on family caregivers providing end-of-life care to older adults residing in the home setting. RESULTS A total of 24 studies were identified. Family caregivers engaged in the process of "navigating a caregiving abyss" when providing and managing end-of-life-care for older adults at home. The "caregiving abyss" consisted of four phases: (1) managing multiple roles, (2) encountering challenges, (3) mobilizing resources, and (4) acknowledging death is near. During the process family caregivers strived to "live day by day" and "maintain normalcy" to achieve the goals of honoring life's final wishes and provide home death. CONCLUSION Family caregivers of older adults at the end of life navigate a variety of challenges. The findings provide a conceptual framework to help guide the development of education, interventions, and health policy to meet family caregivers' needs in providing quality end-of-life care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Michaels
- School of Nursing, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Chiahui Chen
- School of Nursing, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Mary Ann Meeker
- School of Nursing, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Role and Usage of Social Media in COVID-19- An Analysis of Vaccination Related Conspiracy Theories. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF E-COLLABORATION 2022. [DOI: 10.4018/ijec.295147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
There are various misconceptions related to the COVID-19 and the vaccine. This study attempts to identify the role of social media in spreading the misinformation related to COVID-19 and Vaccination. This study will help the agencies to identify the categories of misconceptions and the vaccination-related conspiracy theories dispersed in the social media. In the analysis, seven clusters were found, and the concept map presents seven general misconceptions categories, similarly six subcategories under vaccination related conspiracy theories were found. This study concludes that vaccination related misconception circulated in social media is a serious issue which could affect the vaccination rate severely. Hence a multipronged tactic should be adopted having the components of counter-information strategy, sharing information from authentic sources, educating the general population to go for rigorous review of the information, and improving the health literacy level.
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Claesson M, Jonasson LL, Josefsson K. Next of kin's experiences of registered nurses' leadership close to older adults in municipal home care in Sweden: an interview study. BMC Nurs 2021; 20:213. [PMID: 34715871 PMCID: PMC8554742 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-021-00745-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Next of kin to older adults over 65 years in municipal home care are concerned whether their older adults’ needs are being met. In municipal home care, the registered nurses’ leadership is important and complex, entailing multi-artist skills involving the older adults and their next of kin. Yet, little is known about next of kin’s experiences of registered nurses’ leadership. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore next of kin’s experiences of registered nurses’ leadership close to older adults in municipal home care. Methods Individual telephone interviews were conducted with next of kin (n = 11) of older adults from April to September 2020 in two municipalities in western Sweden. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results The results are presented with the theme, registered nurses do what they can, including two categories, interaction and competence, and the subcategories, relationship, communication, availability, responsibility, team leadership and cooperation. Registered nurses’ leadership was experienced as a balancing act between their commitments and what they were able to achieve. Conclusions Next of kin’s experiences of registered nurses’ leadership can contribute knowledge that will strengthen and prepare registered nurses for their leadership roles. This knowledge can support the development of policies for organisational preconditions that ensure quality and safe care to older adults in municipal home care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Claesson
- Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare, University of Borås, 501 90, Borås, Sweden.
| | - Lise-Lotte Jonasson
- Department of Nursing School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Karin Josefsson
- Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare, University of Borås, 501 90, Borås, Sweden.,Faculty of Health, Science and Technology, Department of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
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Marín-Maicas P, Corchón S, Ambrosio L, Portillo MC. Living with Long Term Conditions from the Perspective of Family Caregivers. A Scoping Review and Narrative Synthesis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:7294. [PMID: 34299745 PMCID: PMC8305191 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: When living with one or more long term conditions (LTCs), both the patient and the family experience the impact of the condition at different levels. The family's needs and perceptions should be considered in the process of caring for people with LTCs. The aim of this review is to understand "the process of living with LTCs" from a family perspective. (2) Methods: A scoping review and narrative synthesis were conducted using a systematic methodology in MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science and PsycINFO, in English and Spanish, including evidence from 2018. (3) Results: A total of 28 articles were included in the review. Acceptance, coping, self-management, integration, and adjustment were key attributes in the process of living with LTCs from the perspective of family caregivers that interrelated in a dynamic way through different mechanisms: being aware of the changing situation, personal networks, information and education, personal conditions, attitude to life and communication. (4) Conclusions: The five attributes that comprise living with LTCs from the perspective of the family caregiver are closely connected of to those of patients living with LTCs; however, self-management and integration have a different meaning and application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Corchón
- Faculty of Nursing and Chiropody, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Leire Ambrosio
- NIHR ARC Wessex, School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (L.A.); (M.C.P.)
| | - Mari Carmen Portillo
- NIHR ARC Wessex, School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (L.A.); (M.C.P.)
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Stressors and coping mechanisms of family care-givers of older relatives living with long-term conditions in mainland China: a scoping review of the evidence. AGEING & SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x21000817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
As the ageing population in China continues to grow, more people will be living with long-term health conditions and require support from family care-givers. This scoping review therefore aims to explore sources of stress and coping mechanisms adopted by care-givers of older relatives living with long-term conditions in mainland China. Literature searches were conducted in English (CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and SCOPUS) and Chinese (CNKI, WANFANG DATA, CQVIP and CBM) databases between October and November 2019. The searches focused on the stressors and coping mechanisms utilised by family care-givers residing in the community. Narrative synthesis was used to identify themes within the data. Forty-six papers were included: 20 papers from English and 26 from Chinese databases. Six themes captured stressors: care-giving time (N = 22), financial resources (N = 17), role and personal strains (N = 42), preparedness (N = 4), social roles (N = 10) and lack of adequate formal support (N = 22); and one theme captured coping (N = 14). Unmet needs of care-givers of older relatives in mainland China were found to be extensive. Only a few studies had attempted to explore the causal link between stressors, coping and the influence of culture. Findings underscore the significance of adequately capturing intricacies around care-givers’ unmet needs, rather than generalising on the basis of culture. Qualitative studies are critical to providing a better understanding of the relationship between stressors, coping and resources afforded to care-givers by their cultural environment. Having such understanding is crucial to inform the development of competent care, which promotes self-efficacy and self-actualisation in care-givers in mainland China.
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Informal Care in the Context of Long-term Health Care for the Elderly in Slovenia: a Qualitative Study. Zdr Varst 2021; 60:167-175. [PMID: 34249163 PMCID: PMC8256769 DOI: 10.2478/sjph-2021-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Slovenia is an aging society. Social security expenditures for the elderly are rising steadily, and the majority of Slovenians are firmly convinced that the state must provide elder care. This situation means that informal caregivers face many challenges and problems in their altruistic mission. Objectives To explore the experiences and feelings of informal caregivers and to provide an understanding of how informal caregivers support the elderly and what challenges and difficulties they face in Slovenian society. Methods The study is based on qualitative semi-structured interviews with 10 caregivers. In addition to descriptive statistics, we conducted a qualitative study using the qualitative content analysis method. Results We identified four themes among health caregivers’ experiences with challenges and problems in providing long-term health care for the elderly. Caregivers pointed out that they are mostly left to themselves and their altruistic mission of giving informal long-term care to their elderly relatives and friends. Systemic regulation of the national public health care system is the source of many problems. Conclusion Other social systems determine and limit the position of informal caregivers in Slovenia. This qualitative study should be understood as useful stepping-stone to future research and real improvement in this area.
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Pan J, Wang P, Wang Y. Expanding role of nurses in management of dementia in geriatrics: improving well-being of geriatric patients through quality nursing care. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2021; 27:707-714. [PMID: 34130559 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2021.1939890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The potential nurses role to include the recognition and management of dementia has been acknowledged. Practice Nurses are well-positioned to provide comprehensive dementia information and support so that people living with dementia are better equipped to self-manage their health and live well with dementia. However, treatment of geriatric dementia has become difficult owing to co-morbidities and cognitive and physical deterioration of these patients. Thus, geriatric dementia patients require special attention during care in homes and clinical settings. In modern medical practice, the role of nurse has become dynamic, ranging from education and personal care. The profession of nursing is considered as critical to meets the needs of the elderly population with dementia and ensure the delivery of high-quality care. Since nurses play such an important role in caring for these individuals, comprehensive reviews lack on their role and experience in geriatric dementia treatment and issues. This review summarizes the expanding role of nurses in the management of geriatric dementia in terms of nurse's knowledge, role, communication, attitude and maintaining patient's quality of life through diverse activities. Furthermore, we also explain the future direction for improving the nursing care to treat dementia in elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangxia Pan
- Nursing Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Pingping Wang
- Chronic Rehabilitation Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Yannan Wang
- Department of Scientific Research, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
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Artamonova A, Syse A. Do older parents' assistance needs deter parent-child geographic divergence in Norway? Health Place 2021; 70:102599. [PMID: 34107444 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The role of intergenerational geographic proximity in individuals' migration decisions has been well-established. The circumstances under which parents and their adult children move away from or remain close to each other are, however, less clear. Drawing on Norwegian register data for 2014-2016 and three-level logistic regression models, we examine whether formal care needs of older parents (aged ≥65) deter parent-child geographic divergence and whether variation in the likelihood of divergence is associated with municipal-level characteristics. After accounting for location-specific capital and parents' and children's sociodemographic characteristics, parents and children were less likely to diverge after the onset of parental care needs. Utilising in-home nursing decreased the likelihood of divergence for mothers while utilising institutionalised care decreased the likelihood of divergence for fathers. The use of in-home nursing care among single mothers further reduced the likelihood of divergence. Parents and adult children living in central areas were the least likely to diverge geographically. The likelihood of intergenerational divergence was lower for fathers and children living in municipalities with high healthcare spending.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyona Artamonova
- Population Research Centre, Faculty of Spatial Sciences, University of Groningen, Landleven 1, 9747, AD, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Astri Syse
- Research Department, Statistics Norway, Akersveien 26, 0177, Oslo, Norway.
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Skingley A. Carers Create: Carer perspectives of a creative programme for people with dementia and their carers on the relationship within the (carer and cared-for) dyad. DEMENTIA 2021; 20:1319-1335. [PMID: 32522117 PMCID: PMC8132004 DOI: 10.1177/1471301220933121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Relationships between people with dementia and their carers can prove challenging over the trajectory of the disease. Interventions with a potential to address this include arts and music-based activities. This research project aimed to evaluate a community engagement programme (Carers Create) where both people with dementia and their carers participate together in singing and other activities. A specific focus was on the impact of the sessions on the dyadic relationship. METHODS A grounded theory approach involved conducting three focus group interviews with carers of people with dementia (n = 16) facilitated by members of a local U3A (University of the Third Age) who were trained and supported by university researchers. Recorded conversations were transcribed and analysed using a three-stage coding and thematic development technique. RESULTS Four overarching themes were identified from the discourse: remembering the positive qualities of the cared-for, the physical and emotional demands of caring, Carers Create as a shared, beneficial activity and the enduring value of Carers Create. CONCLUSION Carers found the sessions to positively influence the relationship with the person they cared for through offering some relief from the day-to-day pressures of caring and, in some cases, restoring elements of a previously strong relationship. Crucial to the experience was the fact that the sessions included both carer and cared-for, offering activities to do together, and that they took place within a group, thereby offering a degree of mutual support. In addition, some carers were able to build on learning which had taken place and use certain techniques, such as singing, to help manage care, thus extending the improved relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Skingley
- Canterbury Christ Church University, Kent, UK; Canterbury and District University of the Third Age (U3A), Kent, UK
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15
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Xue M, Zhai X, Liu S, Xu N, Han J, Zhou M. The experience of family caregivers of patients receiving home nasogastric tube feeding in China: A descriptive qualitative study. J Hum Nutr Diet 2021; 35:14-22. [PMID: 33908101 PMCID: PMC9291130 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background The value of caregivers with respect to ensuring safety during home nasogastric tube (NGT) feeding is increasingly acknowledged. However, little attention has been given to the experience of caregivers. Methods A qualitative descriptive design using semi‐structured interviews via purposive sampling at a comprehensive hospital in China was employed. Family caregivers of patients with home NGT feeding were recruited. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed qualitatively using inductive content analysis. Results Thirteen family caregivers of patients with home NGT feeding were interviewed. Four main themes were generated: negative experience (uncertainty and ambivalence, transition gaps between hospitals and home care services), new role: adapting to the lifestyle (participating in decision‐making, being responsible for everything, adjusting own life to NGT feeding), perceived benefit of caregiving (personal growth, development of positive attitudes and achievements) and expectations (expectations from continuity health system services, expectations from social support). Conclusions The present study highlights the vulnerability and perceived benefits embedded in the role of a family caregiver. Improving communication and standardising practices between home and hospitals should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xue
- Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | | | - Sihan Liu
- Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Nana Xu
- Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Han
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Moreno X, Lera L, Moreno F, Albala C. Socioeconomic inequalities in life expectancy and disability-free life expectancy among Chilean older adults: evidence from a longitudinal study. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:176. [PMID: 33706709 PMCID: PMC7949249 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02126-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chile has one of the longest life expectancies of Latin America. The country is characterised by an important macroeconomic growth and persisting socioeconomic inequalities. This study analyses socioeconomic differences in life expectancy (LE) and disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) among Chilean older people. METHODS The sample of the Social Protection Survey, a longitudinal study, was analysed. Five waves, from 2004 to 2016, were considered. The indicator was disability, defined as having difficulties to perform at least one basic activity of daily living. Type of health insurance was used to determine socioeconomic position (SEP). Total LE and DFLE were estimated with multistate life table models. RESULTS At age 60, men in the higher SEP could expect to live 3.7 years longer (22.2; 95% CI 19.6-24.8) compared to men of the same age in the medium SEP (18.4; 95% CI 17.4-19.4), and 4.9 years longer than men of the same age in the lower SEP (17.3; 95% CI 16.4-18.2). They also had a DFLE (19.4; 95% CI 17.1-21.7) 4 (15.4; 95% CI 14.6-16.1) and 5.2 (14.2; 95% CI 13.4-14.9) years longer, compared to the same groups. Women aged 60 years in the higher SEP had a LE (27.2; 95% CI 23.7-30.8) 4.6 (22.7; 95% CI 21.9-23.5) and 5.6 (21.6; 20.6-22.6) years longer, compared to women in the medium and the lower SEP. The difference in DFLE, for the same age and groups was 4.9 and 6.1 years, respectively (high: 21.4; 95% CI 19.5-23.3; medium: 16.5; 95% CI 15.8-17.1; low: 15.3; 95% CI 14.6-16.0). Socioeconomic differences in LE and DFLE were observed among both sexes until advanced age. DISCUSSION Socioeconomic inequalities in LE and DFLE were found among Chilean older men and women. Older people in the highest SEP live longer and healthier lives. CONCLUSION A reform to the Chilean health system should be considered, in order to guarantee timely access to care and benefits for older people who are not in the wealthiest group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Moreno
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Avenida El Líbano 5524, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lydia Lera
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Avenida El Líbano 5524, Macul, Santiago, Chile
- Keiser University, 1900 W Commercial Blvd, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33309 USA
| | - Francisco Moreno
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins, 1611 Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Albala
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Avenida El Líbano 5524, Macul, Santiago, Chile
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Kontrimiene A, Sauseriene J, Blazeviciene A, Raila G, Jaruseviciene L. Qualitative research of informal caregivers' personal experiences caring for older adults with dementia in Lithuania. Int J Ment Health Syst 2021; 15:12. [PMID: 33472676 PMCID: PMC7816390 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-020-00428-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In many communities around the world, informal caregivers of older adults with dementia represent an essential, yet often underappreciated, source of long-term care. The present study aimed to determine the personal experiences of such caregivers, which could be instrumental for developing means of improving the quality of care for both care receivers and their informal caregivers. Methods Five semi-structured focus-group discussions were held. The participants (n = 31) were all informal caregivers of older adults with dementia. The focus-group discussions were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. An inductive approach was used, and thematic data analysis was applied. Results Four thematic categories were identified: learning caregiving through personal experience; implications of caregiving on social wellbeing; caregivers’ contradictory emotions regarding care delivery; and addressing challenges regarding care provision. Conclusions This study revealed, among the informal caregivers, a variety of experiences, contradicting feelings, and problem-solving strategies relating to the care of older adults with mental disorders. Becoming an effective caregiver involves professional and psychological development. Developing caregiving skills, supportive environment and positive attitude can help facilitate providing care. Caregiving largely impacts the emotional, physical, and social wellbeing of the person; thus, comprehensive approaches are needed to prevent burnout and associated social disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ausrine Kontrimiene
- Department of Family Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences (LUHS), Mickeviciaus 9, 44307, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Jolanta Sauseriene
- Department of Family Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences (LUHS), Mickeviciaus 9, 44307, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Aurelija Blazeviciene
- Department of Nursing and Care, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences (LUHS), Eivenių str. 4, 50161, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Gediminas Raila
- Department of Family Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences (LUHS), Mickeviciaus 9, 44307, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Lina Jaruseviciene
- Department of Family Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences (LUHS), Mickeviciaus 9, 44307, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Andersen HE, Hoeck B, Nielsen DS, Ryg J, Delmar C. A phenomenological-hermeneutic study exploring caring responsibility for a chronically ill, older parent with frailty. Nurs Open 2020; 7:951-960. [PMID: 32587713 PMCID: PMC7308672 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To provide lifeworld insights into experiences of adult children with caring responsibility for an 80+-year-old chronically ill parent with frailty. Background Informal care is common in Nordic welfare countries; however, little is known about adult children's experience of caring responsibility in this setting. Design A phenomenological-hermeneutic study based on Reflective Lifeworld Research. Methods Diaries and semi-structured interviews with 12 adult children. Results Caring responsibility is identified as "a condition of life, filled with uncertainty." Three constituents contribute to this phenomenon: (a) balancing love, duty and reciprocity; (b) being the parent's advocate and manager; and (c) experiencing concerns and bodily strain. Conclusion Adult children work hard to provide care and enhance the well-being of their parent. Heidegger's concept 'Fürsorge' may help us understand how by showing how caring responsibility means balancing different roles vis-à-vis the parent, one's own life and the health and social systems. Caring responsibility changes the relationship between parent and child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helle Elisabeth Andersen
- Department of Public Health NursingAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Health Sciences Research CentreUCLOdenseDenmark
| | - Bente Hoeck
- Department of Public HealthUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Dorthe Susanne Nielsen
- Health Sciences Research CentreUCLOdenseDenmark
- Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
- Migrant Health ClinicOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
| | - Jesper Ryg
- Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
- Department of Geriatric MedicineOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
| | - Charlotte Delmar
- Department of Public Health NursingAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Institut for Helse‐ og omsorgsfagNorway's Artic UniversityTromsøNorway
- VIDHelsefagBergenOsloNorway
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Creating conditions for a sense of security during the evenings and nights among older persons receiving home health care in ordinary housing: a participatory appreciative action and reflection study. BMC Geriatr 2019; 19:351. [PMID: 31842776 PMCID: PMC6915921 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-019-1372-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Today many older persons in ordinary housing receive home health care. It is stipulated that the care is to provide security; however, deficiencies in home health care are reported in many countries. It may be difficult to implement a sense of security among older persons receiving home health care in ordinary housing, especially during the evenings and nights, due to a lack of knowledge. METHODS This study is part of a larger project with a participatory appreciative action and reflection (PAAR) approach. We invited older persons, relatives, nurse assistants, registered nurses, and their managers to co-create knowledge with us on how conditions for a sense of security can be created during evenings and nights among older persons receiving home health care in ordinary housing. We performed thematic analysis of the data. RESULTS Five subthemes were developed that gave structure to two main themes. The first main theme, To confirm the self-image, has the following subthemes: To see the home as a reflection of the person's identity and To maintain self-determination. The second main theme, To create interaction in a sheltered place, has these subthemes: To undress the power, To create control and lifelines, and To create a good sleeping environment. The two themes interact and are each other's conditions. The person's self-image must be confirmed in order to create interaction in a sheltered place and through the interaction, the self-image is confirmed. CONCLUSION Conditions necessary for older persons to have a sense of security are living in a familiar environment, having habits and routines maintained, and having self-determination. Other conditions are equality, the prevention of falls, and an individualized sleeping environment. Older people's self-determination should be honored, and they should not being excluded from decision-making. We need to ask them if the conditions are sufficient and their sense of security is great enough to allow them to continue living in their ordinary housing.
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Pérez-Cruz M, Parra-Anguita L, López-Martínez C, Moreno-Cámara S, Del-Pino-Casado R. Burden and Anxiety in Family Caregivers in the Hospital That Debut in Caregiving. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16203977. [PMID: 31635233 PMCID: PMC6843602 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16203977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aims to determine the level of subjective burden and anxiety of caregivers of dependent older relatives that start providing care in the hospital and to analyse the relationship between objective burden, subjective burden and anxiety in these caregivers. Seventy-two caregivers of dependent older relatives were recruited in a medium–long stay hospital. Sociodemographic variables, number of basic activities of daily living (ADLs) attended, hours of surveillance, burden, and anxiety were collected from caregivers. A trajectory analysis was used to analyse the relationship between variables. Of the caregivers, 36.1% had subjective burden and 14.9% had anxiety. Subjective burden was positively associated with the number of basic ADLs attended, the hours of surveillance, and the cognitive impairment of the care recipient. Anxiety was also positively associated with subjective burden. Subjective burden mediated the effects of the number of basic ADLs attended, hours of surveillance and the cognitive impairment of the care recipient on anxiety. The levels of subjective burden and anxiety in caregivers debuting in hospital care are elevated, showing the need for these caregivers to be cared for. Subjective burden is a possible risk factor for anxiety, independent of the objective burden; it may buffer the effects of objective burden on anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Parra-Anguita
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | | | - Sara Moreno-Cámara
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | - Rafael Del-Pino-Casado
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
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