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Parvin MR, Johra FT, Akter F, Wahiduzzaman M, Akter K, Das M, Mondal S, Debnath M, Ullah M, Rony MKK. The long-term effects of childhood circumstances on older individuals: A systematic review. Aging Med (Milton) 2024; 7:239-251. [PMID: 38725695 PMCID: PMC11077334 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Childhood experiences are known to shape individuals' development and can influence various aspects of life later on. Understanding the long-term effects is crucial for informing interventions and policies aimed at promoting healthy aging. This review aimed to explore the long-term effects of childhood experiences on older individuals. This systematic review comprised three distinct phases. Firstly, a systematic review was conducted, exploring databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and the Web of Science. Out of the 2116 studies initially identified, 24 studies were selected based on the inclusion criteria. Secondly, these inclusion criteria were applied to ensure that the chosen studies specifically delved into the connection between childhood experiences and outcomes in older individuals. Finally, data extraction and synthesis techniques were employed to analyze findings, facilitating the drawing of conclusions concerning the enduring impacts of childhood experiences on the well-being of older individuals. The review's findings revealed how negative experiences in childhood continue to affect older individuals in various ways. These early-life events have far-reaching consequences, profoundly impacting their physical health, making them more susceptible to chronic diseases and weakening their immune system. Additionally, they affect mental health, leading to conditions like depression, anxiety, and substance abuse. Cognitive function is also affected, resulting in memory problems and cognitive decline. Furthermore, these experiences impact social relationships, affecting trust, emotional control, and social isolation in later life. This review highlighted the enduring influence of childhood circumstances on the health and well-being of older individuals. Policymakers and health care practitioners should consider these findings when developing strategies to support healthy aging and mitigate the long-term effects of adverse childhood experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mst. Rina Parvin
- Major at Bangladesh Army (AFNS Officer), Combined Military Hospital DhakaDhakaBangladesh
- School of Medical SciencesShahjalal University of Science and TechnologySylhetBangladesh
| | - Fateha Tuj Johra
- Masters in Disaster ManagementUniversity of DhakaDhakaBangladesh
| | - Fazila Akter
- Dhaka Nursing College, affiliated with the University of DhakaDhakaBangladesh
| | - Md. Wahiduzzaman
- School of Medical SciencesShahjalal University of Science and TechnologySylhetBangladesh
| | - Khadiza Akter
- Master of Public HealthDaffodil International UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Mousumi Das
- Master of Public HealthLeading UniversitySylhetBangladesh
| | - Sujit Mondal
- Master of Science in NursingNational Institute of Advanced Nursing Education and Research MugdaDhakaBangladesh
| | - Mitun Debnath
- Master of Public HealthNational Institute of Preventive and Social MedicineDhakaBangladesh
| | - Mohammad Ullah
- College of NursingInternational University of Business Agriculture and Technology (IUBAT)DhakaBangladesh
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Sathya T, Selvamani Y, Nagarajan R, Arumai MM. Association between Multimorbidity and Psychological Distress among Older Adults in India: The Moderating Role of Elder Abuse. Clin Gerontol 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38315752 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2024.2309942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, we examine the association between multimorbidity and psychological distress and to what extent elder abuse mediates the association. METHODS We analyzed cross-sectional nationally representative data from the "Building Knowledge Base on Population Ageing in India (BKPAI)." Multivariate logistic regression was used to understand the association between multimorbidity and psychological distress. We used Karlson-Holm- Breen (KHB) method to understand the role of elder abuse in mediating the association between multimorbidity and psychological distress. RESULTS Older adults who ever experienced abuse (OR = 1.92 95%CI = 1.62, 2.26, p < .001) or in last one month (OR = 2.09 95%CI = 1.65, 2.64, p < .001) reported higher odds of psychological distress. Further, older adults with four or more chronic diseases are thrice more likely to report psychological distress (OR = 3.03 95%CI = 2.38, 3.82, p < .001). The results further suggest the mediating role of abuse on the association between multimorbidity and psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest the role of elder abuse on the association between multimorbidity and psychological distress among older population in India. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Creating an environment to reduce the abuse among older adults who have multimorbidity will be essential to reducing the psychological distress among older adults in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sathya
- School of Public Health, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), University Wellness Program Coordinator, Chennai, India
| | - Y Selvamani
- School of Public Health, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Chennai, India
| | - R Nagarajan
- International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), Govandi Station Road, Mumbai, India
| | - M Mathew Arumai
- Department of Social Work, College of Science & Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Chennai, India
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Liu Y, Zhang C, Li M, Gao Y, Wang Y, Liu X, Li J. Exploring specific associations of childhood maltreatment with social cognition in drug-naive first-episode major depressive disorder: a sex-centric approach. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023:10.1007/s00406-023-01723-6. [PMID: 38038762 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01723-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment (CM) has been linked to social cognition deficits in major depressive disorder (MDD), but little is known about sex-specific effects. This study aimed to investigate the sex-specific associations of CM with social cognition in first-episode drug-naive patients with MDD. A total of 117 first-episode drug-naive patients with MDD and 134 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited and assessed for demographic and clinical characteristics. All participants completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), Interpersonal Reactivity Index-C (IRI), and Facial Emotion Recognition Test. Partial correlation analysis was used to explore the sex-specific association of CM with social cognition. Our findings revealed significant differences in the associations of CM with social cognition between males and females in MDD patients. In comparison to HCs, the associations of CM with social cognition displayed distinct and even contrasting sex-specific patterns in MDD patients. Specifically, male MDD patients exhibited unique imbalanced associations between emotional neglect and alexithymia, while both female and male MDD patients shared imbalanced associations of childhood abuse with empathy. These results emphasize the importance of considering the sex-specific associations of CM with social cognition in MDD and highlight the need for personalized interventions and treatments based on sex for MDD patients with a history of CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin RdHexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Chuhao Zhang
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin RdHexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Meijuan Li
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin RdHexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin RdHexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin RdHexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Xueying Liu
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin RdHexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Jie Li
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin RdHexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China.
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Roy A. Food insecurity and cognitive function in older adults: findings from the longitudinal aging study in India. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:640. [PMID: 37653393 PMCID: PMC10472592 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05118-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As we grow older, food insecurity (FI) may have an impact on our cognitive abilities. The study examines the association of FI with the cognitive function of older adults in India. METHODS We have used the data from the first wave of the Longitudinal Ageing Study of India (LASI), with a sample of 27,032 older adults aged 60 years and older. Bivariate analysis and linear regression models with clusters were applied to show the association. The cognitive performance tests include episodic memory, orientation, arithmetic function, executive function, and object naming. RESULTS The mean cognition was 24.2 (range 0-43), while 36.4%, 2.1%, and 6.4% experienced mild, moderate, and severe FI, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders, mild (β = -0.18, 95% CI: -0.32, - 0.04) and severe (β = -0.52, 95% CI: -0.82, - 0.22) food insecurity was associated with poor overall cognitive performance. Domain-specific differences in cognition, such as memory, orientation, arithmetic function, executive function, and object naming, were also validated by the level of FI. CONCLUSION The finding suggests that FI is associated with a poor level of cognition among older adults, highlighting the need for increasing the coverage and intervention strategies to address FI in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Roy
- Department of Geography, Krishnagar Government College, Krishnanagar, West Bengal, 741101, India.
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Katsanos AH, Lee SF, Cukierman-Yaffe T, Sherlock L, Muniz-Terrera G, Canavan M, Joundi R, Sharma M, Shoamanesh A, Derix A, Gerstein HC, Yusuf S, O'Donnell MJ, Bosch J, Whiteley WN. World-wide variations in tests of cognition and activities of daily living in participants of six international randomized controlled trials. Cereb Circ Cogn Behav 2023; 5:100176. [PMID: 37501909 PMCID: PMC10368824 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccb.2023.100176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Better understanding of worldwide variation in simple tests of cognition and global function in older adults would aid the delivery and interpretation of multi-national studies of the prevention of dementia and functional decline. Method In six RCTs that measured cognition with the mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), and activities of daily living (ADL) with the Standardised Assessment of Everyday Global Activities (SAGEA), we estimated average scores by global region with multilevel mixed-effects models. We estimated the proportion of participants with cognitive or functional impairment with previously defined thresholds (MMSE≤24 or MoCA≤25, SAGEA≥7), and with a country-standardised z-score threshold of cognitive or functional score of ≤-1. Results In 91,396 participants (mean age 66.6 years [SD 7.8], 31% females) from seven world regions, all global regions differed significantly in estimated cognitive function (z-score differences 0.11-0.45, p<0.001) after accounting for individual-level factors, centre and study. In different regions, the proportion of trial participants with MMSE≤24 or MoCA≤25 ranged from 23-36%; the proportion below a country-standardised z-score threshold of ≤1 ranged from 10-14%. The differences in prevalence of impaired IADL (SAGEA≥7) ranged from 2-6% and by country-standardised thresholds from 3-6%. Conclusions Accounting for country-level factors reduced large differences between world regions in estimates of cognitive impairment. Measures of IADL were less variable across world regions, and could be used to better estimate dementia prevalence in large studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristeidis H. Katsanos
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Shun Fu Lee
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Tali Cukierman-Yaffe
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Tel Aviv University, Herczeg Institute on Aging, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Sheba Medical Centre, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Laura Sherlock
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Graciela Muniz-Terrera
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Michele Canavan
- HRB-Clinical Research Facility, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Department of Geriatric and Stroke Medicine, Galway University Hospital, Newcastle Road, Ireland
| | - Raed Joundi
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mukul Sharma
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ashkan Shoamanesh
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea Derix
- Global Program Head Thrombosis, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Germany
| | - Hertzel C. Gerstein
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Salim Yusuf
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Martin J. O'Donnell
- HRB-Clinical Research Facility, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Department of Geriatric and Stroke Medicine, Galway University Hospital, Newcastle Road, Ireland
| | - Jackie Bosch
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - William N. Whiteley
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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Saenz J, Milani S, Mejía-Arango S. Gender, Personality, and Cognitive Resilience Against Early-Life Disadvantage. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2023; 78:913-924. [PMID: 36715207 PMCID: PMC10174201 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbad017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Early-life disadvantage (ELD) relates to lower late-life cognition. However, personality factors, including having an internal locus of control (LOC) or a conscientious personality, relate to resilience and effective stress coping. We explore whether personality factors convey resilience against the negative effects of ELD on cognition, by gender, in Mexico. METHODS Using the 2015 Mexican Health and Aging Study, we estimated expected cognition using multiple ELD markers to identify a subsample in the lowest quartile of expected cognition given ELD (n = 2,086). In this subsample, we estimated cross-sectional associations between personality and having above-median observed cognitive ability (n = 522) using logistic regression. RESULTS Among those in the lowest quartile of expected cognition, a more internal LOC (β = 0.32 [men] and β = 0.44 [women]) and conscientious personality (β = 0.39 [men] and β = 0.17 [women]) were significantly associated with having above-median cognitive ability in models adjusted for demographic confounders. Larger benefits of conscientiousness were observed for men than women. Associations between personality and having above-median cognitive ability remained statistically significant after further adjustment for health, stress, and cognitive stimulation variables, regardless of gender. DISCUSSION Personality factors may convey resilience among individuals who experienced ELD, potentially breaking the link between ELD and worse late-life cognition. Structural factors and gender roles may affect how much women benefit from personality factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Saenz
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Sadaf Arefi Milani
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Silvia Mejía-Arango
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Harlingen, Texas, USA
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Jiang B, Jiang C, Li J, Lu P. Trends and disparities in disease burden of age-related macular degeneration from 1990 to 2019: Results from the global burden of disease study 2019. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1138428. [PMID: 37265519 PMCID: PMC10231224 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1138428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to estimate the trends and disparities in the worldwide burden for health of AMD, overall and by age, sex, socio-demographic index (SDI), region, and nation using prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) from Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019. Methods This retrospective study presents the prevalent AMD cases and YLDs from 1990-2019, as well as the age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) and age-standardized YLD rate (ASYR) of AMD. To measure changes over time, estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) of the age-standardized rates (ASRs) were analyzed globally, then studied further by sex, SDI, region, and nation. We included data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database to examine AMD prevalence and YLDs from 1990-2019 in 204 countries and territories, as well as demographic information such as age, sex, SDI, region, and nation. Results Globally, the number of prevalent AMD cases increased from 3,581,329.17 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 3,025,619.4-4,188,835.7) in 1990 to 7,792,530 (95% UI, 6,526,081.5-9,159,394.9) in 2019, and the number of YLDs increased from 296,771.93 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 205,462.8-418,699.82) in 1990 to 564,055.1 (95% UI, 392,930.7-789,194.64) in 2019. The ASPR of AMD had a decreased trend with an EAPC of -0.15 (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.2 to -0.11) from 1990 to 2019, and the ASYR of AMD showed a decreased trend with an EAPC of -0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.78 to -0.65) during this period. The prevalence and YLDs of AMD in adults over 50 years of age showed a significant increase. The prevalence and YLDs of AMD were significantly higher in females than males, overall. The ASPRs and ASYRs in low SDI regions was greater than in high SDI regions from 1990 to 2019. In addition, increases in prevalence and YLDs differed by regions and nations, as well as level of socio-economic development. Conclusion The number of prevalent cases and YLDs due to AMD increased over 30 years and were directly linked to age, sex, socio-economic status, and geographic location. These findings can not only guide public health work but also provide an epidemiological basis for global strategy formulation regarding this global health challenge.
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Muhammad T, Sulaiman KM, Ansari S. A positive correlation between daily spiritual practice and reduced depressive symptoms among older adults: evidence from a nationally representative survey among the Indian population. Psychogeriatrics 2023; 23:273-285. [PMID: 36594206 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study explored the factors associated with daily spiritual experiences of older adults and the association of daily spiritual experiences with major depressive disorder among older Indian adults. METHODS Data for this study were derived from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) wave-1. The sample size was 31 464 older adults age 60 years and above. Daily spiritual experience was assessed from four items (Cronbach's alpha: 0.89) adapted from the daily spiritual experience scale (DSES). Major depressive disorder was calculated using the Short Form Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI-SF). Descriptive, bivariate and multivariable forward stepwise logistic regression analyses were conducted to fulfil the objectives of the study. RESULTS A proportion of 87.46% of older adults reported daily spiritual experiences in the study. Women had higher odds of spiritual experiences than men (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.243; confidence interval (CI): 1.041-1.484). Older adults with higher education, those who were retired, those who reported community involvement or were physically active or belonged to the richest wealth quintile had higher odds of having daily spiritual experiences in comparison to older adults from the poorest wealth quintile. Further, older adults with daily spiritual experiences had significantly lower odds of major depressive disorder (aOR: 0.810; CI: 0.681-0.964) than older adults who did not report daily spiritual experiences. CONCLUSION The study suggests that daily spiritual practices can be a strategy to reduce major depressive symptoms and improve mental health and wellbeing of older adults, and future studies are warranted on this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Muhammad
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - K M Sulaiman
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Salmaan Ansari
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
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Keetile M, Letamo G, Navaneetham K. The influence of childhood socioeconomic status on non-communicable disease risk factor clustering and multimorbidity among adults in Botswana: a life course perspective. Int Health 2022; 15:1-9. [PMID: 35512692 PMCID: PMC9808520 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihac026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood socioeconomic circumstances have a great influence on the health of individuals in adult life. We used cross-sectional data from a non-communicable disease (NCD) survey conducted in 2016, and respondents aged ≥15 y were selected from 3 cities/towns, 15 urban villages and 15 rural areas using a multistage probability-sampling technique. The total sample for the study was 1178. Two multinomial logistic regression models were fitted to data to ascertain the association between childhood socioeconomic status (SES) and NCD risk factor clustering and multimorbidity, using SPSS version 27. All comparisons were considered to be statistically significant at a 5% level. The prevalence of multiple NCD risk factors and multimorbidity was 30.1 and 5.3%, respectively. The odds of reporting NCD risk factor clustering were significantly high among individuals who reported low (adjusted OR [AOR]=1.88, 95% CI 1.21 to 2.78) and middle (AOR=1.22, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.05) childhood SES compared with high childhood SES. Conversely, individuals from a low SES background were more likely to report both single (AOR=1.17, 95% CI 1.00 to 2.01) and multiple NCD conditions (AOR=1.78, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.68) compared with those with a high childhood SES background. There is a need to stimulate policy debate and research to take cognisance of childhood socioeconomic circumstances in health policy planning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gobopamang Letamo
- Department of Population Studies, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB 00705, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Kannan Navaneetham
- Department of Population Studies, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB 00705, Gaborone, Botswana
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Larnyo E, Dai B, Nutakor JA, Ampon-Wireko S, Larnyo A, Appiah R. Examining the impact of socioeconomic status, demographic characteristics, lifestyle and other risk factors on adults' cognitive functioning in developing countries: an analysis of five selected WHO SAGE Wave 1 Countries. Int J Equity Health 2022; 21:31. [PMID: 35216605 PMCID: PMC8876754 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-022-01622-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Though extensive studies have been conducted on assessing the predictors of cognitive functioning among older adults in small community-based samples, very few studies have focused on understanding the impact of socioeconomic status (SES), demographic characteristics and other risk factors such as lifestyle and chronic diseases on the cognitive functioning among adults of all ages in a nationally representative population-based sample across low- and middle-income countries. This study, therefore, seeks to evaluate the impact of SES, demographic characteristics and risk factors on the cognitive functioning of adults across all ages in five selected developing countries. Methods Data from 12,430 observations obtained from the WHO Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE) Wave 1; consisting of 2,486 observations each for China, Ghana, India, the Russian Federation, and South Africa, were used for the study. A meta-regression and a five-step hierarchical linear regression were used to analyze the data, with cognitive functioning as the dependent variable. Independent variables used in this study include SES; assessed by household income and education, demographic characteristics, other risk factors such as lifestyle, self-reported memory difficulty and chronic diseases. Results This study found that SES and lifestyle significantly predicted cognitive functioning in all the five selected countries as obtained by the pooled results of the meta-regression analysis. The hierarchical linear regression results also revealed that demographic characteristics such as age, type of residency, and self-reported memory difficulty significantly impact cognitive functioning in China, Ghana, Russia, and South Africa. Conclusion The findings in this study provide new insights for policymakers, caregivers, parents, and individuals, especially those in developing countries, to implement policies and actions targeted at improving SES and eliminating risk factors associated with cognitive decline, as these measures could help improve the cognitive functioning among their populations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12939-022-01622-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezer Larnyo
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Management, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Baozhen Dai
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Management, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Department of Labor and Social Security, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu province, China.
| | - Jonathan Aseye Nutakor
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Management, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sabina Ampon-Wireko
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Management, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Abigail Larnyo
- School of Management, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ruth Appiah
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Management, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
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