1
|
Triantaphyllopoulos KA. Long Non-Coding RNAs and Their "Discrete" Contribution to IBD and Johne's Disease-What Stands out in the Current Picture? A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13566. [PMID: 37686376 PMCID: PMC10487966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) have paved the way to new perspectives on the regulation of gene expression, not only in biology and medicine, but also in associated fields and technologies, ensuring advances in diagnostic means and therapeutic modalities. Critical in this multistep approach are the associations of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) with diseases and their causal genes in their networks of interactions, gene enrichment and expression analysis, associated pathways, the monitoring of the involved genes and their functional roles during disease progression from one stage to another. Studies have shown that Johne's Disease (JD), caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies partuberculosis (MAP), shares common lncRNAs, clinical findings, and other molecular entities with Crohn's Disease (CD). This has been a subject of vigorous investigation owing to the zoonotic nature of this condition, although results are still inconclusive. In this review, on one hand, the current knowledge of lncRNAs in cells is presented, focusing on the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal-related pathologies and MAP-related infections and, on the other hand, we attempt to dissect the associated genes and pathways involved. Furthermore, the recently characterized and novel lncRNAs share common pathologies with IBD and JD, including the expression, molecular networks, and dataset analysis results. These are also presented in an attempt to identify potential biomarkers pertinent to cattle and human disease phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kostas A Triantaphyllopoulos
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos St., 11855 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mintz MJ, Lukin DJ. Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) and Crohn's disease: the debate continues. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 8:28. [PMID: 37601744 PMCID: PMC10432229 DOI: 10.21037/tgh-23-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) in humans and Johne's disease (JD) in ruminants share numerous clinical and pathologic similarities. As Mycobacteria avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is known to fulfill Koch's postulates as the cause of JD, there has been considerable debate over the past century about whether MAP also plays a role in CD. With recent advances in MAP identification techniques, we can now demonstrate a higher presence of MAP in CD patients compared to the general population. However, it remains unclear if MAP is playing a bystander role or is directly pathogenic in these patients. Studies have shown that there may be an immune response targeting MAP in these patients, which may underlie a pathologic role in CD. Clinical studies have yielded conflicting results as to whether anti-MAP therapy improves clinical outcomes in CD, leading to the lack of its inclusion within evidence-based clinical guidelines. Additionally, many of these studies have been small case series, with only a few randomized controlled trials published to date. In this article, we will discuss the historical context of MAP in CD, review clinical and laboratory data surrounding detection of MAP and possible pathogenesis in human disease, and suggest future directions which may finally provide some clarity to this debate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Mintz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill, Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dana J. Lukin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill, Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Jill Roberts Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill, Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Moghadam M, Ghaemi EA, Akbari H, Razavi Nikoo H, Zamani S. Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: Is MAP the trigger? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:972929. [PMID: 36204645 PMCID: PMC9530259 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.972929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune disorder of the thyroid gland that can cause hypothyroidism. As HT is a multifactorial disorder, activation of immune responses in genetically predisposed individuals exposed to some environmental factors can contribute to it. Microorganisms, as environmental factors, including Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) by molecular mimicry, can be important in this autoimmune disorder. This study aimed to investigate the association between MAP and HT. This case–control study included 110 participants consisting of 60 HT patients and 50 healthy controls (HCs). Blood samples were collected. Nested PCR of the IS900 gene determined the presence of MAP DNA. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was designed to identify antibodies (Abs) against the MAP3865c epitope, which has a homologous sequence with ZnT8 in the sera. The demographic information of all participants was recorded. Anti-TG, anti-TPO, TSH, anemia, and ruminant exposure were higer in HT patients than in the HCs (p < 0.05). MAP IS900 was detected significantly more in the patients (46.6% consisting of 30, 8.3, and 8.3% in clinical, subclinical, and unknown) than in the HCs (14%). The sera showed a remarkable frequency of reactivity against MAP3865c in the patients (38.3%) in comparison to the HCs (10%) (p = 0.0001). Furthermore, a significantly higher rate of livestock contact and traditional dairy consumption was found in individuals with MAP or anti-MAP3865c Abs positive result (p < 0.05). This study suggests a possible link between MAP and HT. These findings indicated that MAP frequency was not statistically different in the severity of HT and its shift into the clinical and subclinical forms; therefore, it could be assumed that MAPs are the initiators of the process. The results imply on a possible zoonosis transmission route of MAP from livestock products to humans. Further research is needed to confirm these results in larger groups of HT patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Moghadam
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ezzat Allah Ghaemi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hamideh Akbari
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Research Development Unit (CRDU), Sayad Shirazi hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hadi Razavi Nikoo
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Samin Zamani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- *Correspondence: Samin Zamani,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gao H, He Q, Xu C, Pang Z, Feng B, Chen T, Yang W, Zhou G, Wang Y, Li J, Su J, Miao Y, Zhao Y, Liao Z, Xu C, Liu Z. The Development and Validation of Anti-paratuberculosis-nocardia Polypeptide Antibody [Anti-pTNP] for the Diagnosis of Crohn's Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2022; 16:1110-1123. [PMID: 35029687 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Non-invasive biomarkers in sera of patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] are not currently available for rapidly and accurately diagnosing the disease. We aimed to investigate and validate the potential roles of anti-paratuberculosis-nocardia polypeptide antibodies [anti-pTNP] in the diagnosis of IBD. METHODS Serum samples were collected from 502 patients with diagnosed Crohn's disease [CD], 141 patients with ulcerative colitis [UC], and 109 healthy donors. The levels of anti-pTNPs and anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies [ASCAs] were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The effects of each variable on the diagnosis were analysed by receiver operating characteristic [ROC] analysis. We also performed an estimate study by first developing a clinical prediction model, with external validation in CD patients from nine IBD medical centres in China. RESULTS The levels of anti-pTNPs in sera of CD patients were higher than those in UC patients and healthy donors. The positive rates of anti-pTNPs were significantly higher in ileal CD patients than in ileocolonic and colonic CD patients, and the levels of anti-pTNP IgG in perianal patients were significantly higher than those in non-perianal CD patients. Of note, anti-pTNPs and perianal diseases were important predictors for active stage of CD patients. Discriminative ability to predict active CD patients was 0.918 (95% confidence interval [CI]:0.886-0.949). CONCLUSIONS Anti-pTNP functions as a novel biological marker for diagnosing CD and can be used to assess disease severity, particularly in those with lesion locations in the terminal ileum and stricturing and perianal diseases. A validated prediction model reveals that anti-pTNPs are useful for estimating the likelihood of active CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Gao
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong He
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunjin Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First People's Hospital of Shangqiu City Affiliated to Xinxiang Medical University, Shangqiu, China
| | - Zhi Pang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Baisui Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Laboratory of Experimental Analysis, Shanxi Ruihao Biotechnology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wu Yang
- Laboratory of Experimental Analysis, Shanxi Ruihao Biotechnology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Guangxi Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining, China
| | - Yufang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junxiang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing,China
| | - Jingling Su
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yinglei Miao
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhuan Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Can Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanju Liu
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hemati Z, Meletis E, Derakhshandeh A, Haghkhah M, Kostoulas P, Singh SV, Chaubey KK, Gupta S. Application of Bayesian modeling for diagnostic assays of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in sheep and goats flocks. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:47. [PMID: 35042530 PMCID: PMC8764775 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03141-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to screen the sera of goats and sheep from flocks suspected of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infection by a newly standardized Mce-truncated ELISA (Mt-ELISA) kit for the detection of antibodies against MAP. Four diagnostic applied tests were evaluated including Indigenous plate-ELISA (IP-ELISA), Mt-ELISA, fecal Polymerase Chain Reaction (f-PCR) and fecal culture (FC). Materials and methods Assuming the absence of a gold standard, latent-class models in a Bayesian framework were used to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of the four tests for MAP. Results Mt-ELISA had higher Sensitivity (Se) in sheep (posterior median: 0.68 (95% Probability Interval (PI): 0.43–0.95), while IP-ELISA recorded the highest Se in goats as 0.83 (95% PI, 0.61–0.97). The f-PCR Se estimate slightly differed between species [sheep 0.36 (0.19–0.58), goats 0.19 (0.08–0.35)], while the Se of FC was similar between species [sheep 0.29 (0.15–0.51), goats 0.27 (0.13–0.45)]. The specificity estimates for all tests were high, close to unity, and similar between species. Conclusion Overall, the results showed that the Mt-ELISA method can be used for MAP detection in small ruminants’ flocks. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03141-7.
Collapse
|
6
|
Kumar S, Kumar A. Microbial pathogenesis in inflammatory bowel diseases. Microb Pathog 2021; 163:105383. [PMID: 34974120 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal system. Previously, it is considered the disease of the western world but now the incidence and prevalence of IBD are increasing globally with urbanization and modernization. Additionally, the major problem is the highest incidence of IBD among children and adolescents. The precise etiology of IBD is unknown and there is no cure for IBD, which is also the reason for increasing the number of cases worldwide. The IBD is a complex interplay of environment, immune system, and microbiota in a genetically susceptible host. Among these factors, the alteration in intestinal microbiota has been detected in IBD patients. The bacterial species associated with IBD include Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC), Helicobacter pylori, and Campylobacter concisus. Moreover, the efficacy of antibiotics and probiotics further suggests the role of microbes in IBD. However, no study confirmed the bacterial species as a cause of IBD as per Koch's postulates. Thus, still controversies exist regarding the role of microbes in IBD. Therefore, this paper aims to review the current literature to evaluate the role of microbes in IBD that would be a useful inventory of researchers working in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Faculty of Biosciences, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu Z, Liao W, Zhang Z, Sun R, Luo Y, Chen Q, Li X, Lu R, Ying Y. Metformin Affects Gut Microbiota Composition and Diversity Associated with Amelioration of Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:640347. [PMID: 34122067 PMCID: PMC8191634 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.640347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an increasingly common and globally emergent immune-mediated disorder. The etiology of IBD is complex, involving multiple factors such as immune dysregulation, environmental factors, genetic mutations, and microbiota dysbiosis, exacerbated by a lack of effective clinical therapies. Recently, studies hypothesized that dysbiosis of intestinal flora might participate in the onset of IBD. Metformin is widely used to treat type 2 diabetes and has shown beneficial effects in mouse models of IBD, although its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Accumulating studies found that metformin shows beneficial effects for diabetes by affecting microbiota composition. This study explores possible regulatory effects of metformin on intestinal microecology during treatment for IBD. Methods: Inflammation was induced using 3% Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS) solution to generate mice models of IBD. Metformin treatments were assayed by measuring body weights and colon lengths of mice and H&E staining to observe histological effects on colon tissue structures. Changes in bacterial community composition and diversity-related to IBD and metformin treatment were assessed by high-throughput metagenomic sequencing analysis. Results: Metformin administration significantly ameliorated body weight loss, inhibited colon shrinking, and contributed to preserving the integrity of colon histological structures. The gut microbiota profiles revealed that the biodiversity of intestinal flora lost during inflammation was restored under metformin treatment. Metformin administration was also associated with decreased pathogenic Escherichia shigella and increased abundance of Lactobacillus and Akkermansia. Conclusion: Metformin appears to induce anti-inflammatory effects, thus ameliorating colitis symptoms, concurrent with enrichment for beneficial taxa and restored microbial diversity, suggesting a viable strategy against IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Liu
- Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wangdi Liao
- Departments of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ruipu Sun
- Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yunfei Luo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Schools of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiongfeng Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Schools of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xin Li
- Departments of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ruiling Lu
- Departments of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying Ying
- Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Schools of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,The Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
van der Sloot KWJ, Voskuil MD, Blokzijl T, Dinkla A, Ravesloot L, Visschedijk MC, van Dullemen HM, Festen EAM, Alizadeh BZ, van Leer-Buter C, Weersma RK, van Goor H, Koets AP, Dijkstra G. Isotype-specific Antibody Responses to Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis Antigens Are Associated With the Use of Biologic Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2020; 15:1253-1263. [PMID: 33378524 PMCID: PMC8496491 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis [MAP] in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], especially Crohn's disease [CD] is controversial due conflicting results and lack of reproducibility and standardised tests. The current study focuses on the role of MAP in disease progression and genetic susceptibility, as MAP is likely one of many factors involved in the complex pathogenesis of IBD, potentially affecting a subgroup depending on genetic susceptibility. METHODS Serum from 812 patients was evaluated with seven immunoglobulin [Ig] isotype-specific serology tests assessing humoral response to three different MAP antigens. For each of these in total 21 tests, the intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients were used to evaluate test accuracy. Reliable assays were subsequently analysed in relation to disease characteristics and need for biologic therapy/surgery. Genome-wide genotyping was available for all participants. Genetic determinants of humoral response to MAP antigens were evaluated using genome-wide association analysis and polygenic risk scores [PRS]. RESULTS High IgA or IgM response to MAP2609 was associated with increased use of biologic therapy in CD and ulcerative colitis [UC] [odds ratios 2.69; 95% confidence interval 1.44-5.01; and 2.60, 1.46-4.64, respectively]. No associations were seen for risk of surgery [p-values > 0.29]. We could not identify genetic determinants nor polygenic risk scores for MAP response with genome-wide significance. CONCLUSIONS Extensive assays for serological response to MAP were evaluated using stringent criteria for reliability. Increased IgA and IgM response to MAP antigens was seen in patients exposed to biologic therapy, but no genetic determinants underlying this humoral response were found.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley W J van der Sloot
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and
University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands,Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen and University Medical
Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,Corresponding author: Kimberley W. J. van der Sloot, Department of
Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands. Tel.: +31 50 361 61 61;
| | - Michiel D Voskuil
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and
University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands,Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center
Groningen, Groningen, The
Netherlands
| | - Tjasso Blokzijl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and
University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke Dinkla
- Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Wageningen Bioveterinary
Research, Lelystad, The
Netherlands
| | - Lars Ravesloot
- Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Wageningen Bioveterinary
Research, Lelystad, The
Netherlands
| | - Marijn C Visschedijk
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and
University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik M van Dullemen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and
University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eleonora A M Festen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and
University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands,Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center
Groningen, Groningen, The
Netherlands
| | - Behrooz Z Alizadeh
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen and University Medical
Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Coretta van Leer-Buter
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen and University
Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rinse K Weersma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and
University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry van Goor
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center
Groningen, Groningen, The
Netherlands
| | - Ad P Koets
- Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Wageningen Bioveterinary
Research, Lelystad, The
Netherlands,Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Dijkstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and
University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Behavior of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis in Lighvan cheese tracked by propidium monoazide qPCR and culture. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
10
|
Honap S, Johnston E, Agrawal G, Al-Hakim B, Hermon-Taylor J, Sanderson J. Anti- Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (MAP) therapy for Crohn's disease: an overview and update. Frontline Gastroenterol 2020; 12:397-403. [PMID: 35401965 PMCID: PMC8989010 DOI: 10.1136/flgastro-2020-101471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD) has been strongly debated for many years. MAP is the known aetiological agent of Johne's disease, a chronic enteritis affecting livestock. At present, due to the paucity of high-quality data, anti-MAP therapy (AMT) is not featured in international guidelines as a treatment for CD. Although the much-quoted randomised trial of AMT did not show sustained benefits over placebo, questions have been raised regarding trial design, antibiotic dosing and the formulation used. There are several lines of evidence supporting the CD and MAP association with uncontrolled and controlled trials demonstrating effectiveness, including a retrospective review of cases treated at our own institution. Here, we provide an overview of the evidence supporting and refuting AMT in CD before focussing on updates of the current research in the field, including the ongoing trials with the novel RHB-104 formulation and the MAP vaccine trial. While controversial, gastroenterologists are often asked about long-term combination antibiotic therapy for CD. There has been broadcast and social media coverage surrounding this, particularly with regard to current trials. Although patients should not be deterred from treatments of proven effectiveness, this review aims to help with commonly asked questions and highlights our own approach for the use of anti-MAP in specific circumstances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sailish Honap
- IBD Centre, Guy's and Saint Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Emma Johnston
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Gaurav Agrawal
- IBD Centre, Guy's and Saint Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK,Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Bahij Al-Hakim
- IBD Centre, Guy's and Saint Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Jeremy Sanderson
- IBD Centre, Guy's and Saint Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK,Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
"They've got to be testing and doing something about it": Farmer and veterinarian views on drivers for Johne's disease control in dairy herds in England. Prev Vet Med 2020; 182:105094. [PMID: 32688108 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There needs to be an understanding of the reasons why key stakeholders engage in disease control efforts if disease is to be successfully and sustainably controlled. It is increasingly recognised within veterinary epidemiology and policy making in animal health that these 'people factors' are important influences on the success or otherwise of animal disease control programmes. Research methodologies adopted from the social sciences offer ways to understand this important dimension through investigating the attitudes and opinions of the key actors involved. The study reported in this paper, based on qualitative interview research, investigates the views of dairy farmers and cattle veterinarians on the drivers and incentives for controlling Johne's disease in English dairy herds. Twenty semi-structured interviews involving 17 dairy farmers and seven veterinarians were conducted in two dairy-intensive regions of England. The findings demonstrate the varied influences of veterinary advice and encouragement; appreciation of the economic cost of the disease at herd level; a voluntary national control plan; and fear of a future consumer food scare as the main reasons to engage in Johne's disease control on dairy farms. The study demonstrates how a combination of a voluntary industry-led control scheme, compulsory participation through retailer and processor contractual requirements, and threats of reputational harm and market loss have strongly influenced farmer and veterinary behaviour in relation to Johne's control without statutory involvement. The findings illustrate the importance of considering the political economy and societal impact of animal disease.
Collapse
|
12
|
Paratuberculosis: A Potential Zoonosis and a Neglected Disease in Africa. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8071007. [PMID: 32635652 PMCID: PMC7409332 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of paratuberculosis, which is an economically important disease of ruminants. The zoonotic role of MAP in Crohn’s disease and, to a lesser extent, in ulcerative colitis, the two major forms of idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IIBD), has been debated for decades and evidence continues to mount in support of that hypothesis. The aim of this paper is to present a review of the current information on paratuberculosis in animals and the two major forms of IIBD in Africa. The occurrence, epidemiology, economic significance and “control of MAP and its involvement IIBD in Africa” are discussed. Although the occurrence of MAP is worldwide and has been documented in several African countries, the epidemiology and socioeconomic impacts remain undetermined and limited research information is available from the continent. At present, there are still significant knowledge gaps in all these areas as far as Africa is concerned. Due to the limited research on paratuberculosis in Africa, in spite of growing global concerns, it may rightfully be considered a neglected tropical disease with a potentially zoonotic role.
Collapse
|
13
|
Rees WD, Lorenzo-Leal AC, Steiner TS, Bach H. Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis Infects and Replicates within Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8070994. [PMID: 32635236 PMCID: PMC7409171 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8070994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), a member of the mycobacteriaceae family, causes Johne's disease in ruminants, which resembles Crohn's disease (CD) in humans. MAP was proposed to be one of the causes of human CD, but the evidence remains elusive. Macrophages were reported to be the only cell where MAP proliferates in ruminants and humans and is likely the major producer of TNFα-associated inflammation. However, whether human dendritic cells (DCs), another major antigen-presenting cell (APC), have the ability to harbor MAP and disseminate infection, remains unknown. METHODS Human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) were infected with MAP and phagocytosis and intracellular survival were quantified by immunofluorescence (IF) and colony counts, respectively. MoDC cytokine expression was measured via ELISA and their activation state was measured via flow cytometry. RESULTS We showed that MAP can infect and replicate in human moDCs as means to evade the immune system for successful infection, through inhibition of the phago-lysosome fusion via the secretion of protein tyrosine phosphatase PtpA. This mechanism initially led to a state of tolerance in moDCs and then subsequently caused a pro-inflammatory response as infection persisted, characterized by the upregulation of IL-6 and TNFα, and downregulation of IL-10. Moreover, we showed that moDCs have the ability to phagocytose up to 18% of MAP, when exposed at a multiplicity of infection of 1:1. CONCLUSION Infection and subsequent proliferation of MAP within moDCs could provide a unique means for the dissemination of MAP to lymphoid tissue, while altering immune responses to facilitate the persistence of infection of host tissues in CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William D. Rees
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z3J5, Canada; (W.D.R.); (A.C.L.-L.)
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H3N1, Canada
| | - Ana C. Lorenzo-Leal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z3J5, Canada; (W.D.R.); (A.C.L.-L.)
- Chemical and Food Engineering Department, Universidad de las Americas Puebla, San Andres Cholula, Puebla 72810, Mexico
| | - Theodore S. Steiner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z3J5, Canada; (W.D.R.); (A.C.L.-L.)
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H3N1, Canada
- Correspondence: (T.S.S.); (H.B.)
| | - Horacio Bach
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z3J5, Canada; (W.D.R.); (A.C.L.-L.)
- Correspondence: (T.S.S.); (H.B.)
| |
Collapse
|